BOLTR: GAUGE BLOCKS
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 20 ก.ย. 2024
- Invented in Sweden in 1896, these this have been blowing minds ever since. I experiment with them to see how they work and test out if the explanations make sense. Accurate to within a blond one ✪►www.etsy.com/c...
Russian Machining Channel / @igornegoda
I'ma test this in a vacuum!
Cody'sLab
I faded out of consciousness last night during your "Egg in a Vacuum" vidjayo. Need to revisit. Keep em coming!
I had a piece of aluminum I machined stick to a steel 123 block like the gauge blocks do. I Because of this, I don't think it is the 3rd explanation. Possibly it is the air?
Yeah, that'd be cool. Feynman vacuum welding would be a great thing to see on your channel Cody'sLab!!
Two pieces of glass will do the same thing. Use a diamond hole saw to cut a couple pucks from 1/2" or 3/4" thick plate glass. Smooth off the sharp edges and press them together = stuck good.
I'm a fan of your channel too Cody! Happy New Year and keep up the good work.
I was about to ask about that.
I have experienced the same phenomenon occuring between my hand and beer cans. Very curious indeed...
Im glad im not the only one...
really not the same force
@@haveagreatday2327 It is, its like when two protons get too close together
@@mackk123, no. What you're referring to is the strong nuclear force and is responsible for fusion. Simply placing two materials together doesn't even come close to getting the subatomic particles close enough. The energy required to exploit the strong nuclear force is mind boggling. Which is why, fusion is so hard to produce. What we're seeing here, is likely the sharing of electrons between the surface atoms of the two blocks. That my guess anyways.
The release mechanism is heat. Only when the can and the skin on your hand become equal will they come apart. That's usually when the can becomes empty.
So my theory is, this is actually some sort of magnetic effect between the beer and your skin. The can is neutral and merely holds the beer in suspension while this amazing force occurs. This miracle often keeps repeating itself time after time, after time, after time or until I fall asleep.
Science is fascinating.
Same concept happened to my crazy old uncle He had his Peter honed Perfectly with his palm. Damn hand was stuck there and never could release Buried the fool with his hand in his shorts
Keyboard warrior Hitman ROFLMAO
A legend rivaling the greatest stories ever told! Caps off!
Which is why as a safety precaution you should switch hands while gaining a stroke every chance ye get laddie. Don't ferget your safety squints ya never know which way the thing is pointing when it decides to clear the blow hole.
Reminds me of the old widow that remarried. Every time her new husband threw it into her he heard a whooshing noise. He finally asked her what that noise was. She told him her husband was a machinist and he had a wart on his knob and it cut a keyway in her box.
Well at least he didn't have to worry about hitting himself in the forehead.
"Use Gloves...... I don't have any gloves" "Thou shall use lint free cloth..... these are not lint free" This guy kills me.
The tool maker who first showed me how to wring together Jo Blocks simply explained that, “It’s fucking magic.”
I believed him.
If sufficiently advance tech is indistinguishable from magic, yes it is.
I have a set of Jo blocks from the 60’s. Yep pure magic.
More entertaining than what's on TV.
Whats a TV?
VHS
This is on my TV, I have one of those smarter than average TVs that can display stuff from the wiggly web.
Treasonous Vagina
Haven't watched TV in months
I knew some one who worked a corning glass company. They were working on these these two pieces of glass for some lab. He was told they were ground very flat, so be careful. The guy took the two pieces, and gently place the two flat surfaces together. Then his boss said, "What ever you do, don't let the two flat surfaces touch each other, they will never come apart." Just like that he ruined thousands of dollar of work. Amazingly enough they didn't fire him. They just gave him the stuck glass to take home so he would always remember. He has the glass sitting on his mantle to this day.
Kiki Lang Oops, I guess they should have mentioned that first!
They sound like optical flats. They wouldn't be worth thousands of dollars unless they were 8+ inches diameter. They are used to check flatness optically when calibrating gauge blocks or comparator bases. In fact you can wring gauge blocks to a glass optical flat and I did sometimes follow a procedure that required me to do just that, but I can't remember what that calibration was. The largest optical flat I had was 150mm diameter. It cost $700 to buy and $600 to calibrate.
I've had two 25mm flats get stuck together, I got them apart without any damage but it wasn't easy, but say two 12 inch flts, you would never get them apart, so I believe you.
I think he breathed on them, and the humidity didn't help. As for the cost, I wasn't sure. He just said they were expensive. I'm still not sure why he did it in the first place.
he was trying to be a pain
Was no he, I was just a dumb ass.
"So clean, so flat, how would they know they are two separate pieces?" This is why metals spontaneously fuse in space, a phenomenon knows as 'cold welding'. On earth, the oxide layers of metals prevent this, but in a vacuum with the oxide layer removed this can occur with sufficient contact force. Guage Blocks simulate this by laping off the oxide layer and preventing it with oil. When you twist two guage blocks together the micro high spots cold weld to each other, but because they can never be perfectly flat, but can still be removed because they don't receive the pressure or impact contact required to cold weld the entire surface.
Will the cold weld contact points wear, and change position... or do they regularize and become consistent?
"A Moirè Pattern"
Could that be a missing piece of the puzzle?
Then with the added oil.
Similar idea to how they used to double up the rigidity of textiles way long ago. technique "A Moirè Pattern"
They would twist the fabric in One Direction on one piece of cloth and a different direction on the next piece of cloth overlay them in wet them. As the threads un twisted they would get bound together as one.
I know that's Fabric and we're talking about Metal here.
But if anybody has their 2 cents. Please throw it in I'd like to hear it.
Thx for the video!
This guy talks like a time traveler whose existed in several different centuries.
Welcome to canada
At least two.................several of us have. ;)
@@Red-co7hm Welcome to canada
@@ORflycaster Russian Machining Channel
Located in America's hat so yeah pretty much
50+ years machining here, Step 1. clean hands to surgical level of purity by wiping on nearby shop rag, Step 2. rub face of newly sterile thumbs across lapped faces of blocks. Step 3. wring blocks together. Step 4. measure the fuck out of something...
Larry Snider lol absolutely. I worked in a machine shop, no one was as careful with blocks as this guy makes out
And add the subtractive of a non plural multiplicand to the inverse of it's modula's insupplicity faktur. WORD!!
You worked in a machine shop with more forgiving tolerances than the types of shops where it mattered.
50+ here too. We wiped the faces on the inside of our wrists. if the faces weren't scratched, they would wring. If the surface area of the faces of the blocks added up to 1 square inch for example, then atmospheric pressure of 14.7 pounds was forcing them together.
You forgot to wipe blocks on your shirt on your belly. Works every time
The monolith as depicted in "2001: A Space Odyssey" was actually a giant gauge block, and it literally transformed ape into man. So there ya go.
My name is ThisOldTony and i approve this message.
What's up Tony, I would like to thank you for teaching me how to Tig weld, I now have a bumper sticker on my truck that says "TOT taught me how to weld this trailer" . I started to weld circles around my friends and an air tight cage even Houdini couldn't esc....
Would you say that you still approve?
Good video. Like. Sorry I do not understand the language. Greetings from Russia :)
I am glad to help. I would like to have more artists on TH-cam. ))
приветствую Игорь . собственно Аве в этом видео говорит о том что эффек сцепления металлов не в атомарном сцеплении металла а в банальной вакуумизации пространства между металлами . приводя твоё видео в пример он сказал что " этот русский парень , правда говорит что я ничего не понял что он говорит , да как собственно мало кто понимает что говорю я,(он канадец, у него в лексиконе и французский и английский) так вот , этот парень(Ты) отрихтовал поверхность до такой степени что металл скользил по металлу на воздушной прослойке и как мы видим он не склеился.
и да конечное прощание Аве переводится как " держите свой член в тисках" матершинник он кстати тот ещё.
Игорь жду Ваших дальнейших опытов с новым разгонным ТРД . удачи Вам
ну и собственно продолжение этой истории с сцеплением металлов . другой глогер Cody'sLab договорился с Эйвом(AvE) что проведёт эксперимент в вакуумной камере , Эйв ему васлал пару блоков и тот выяснил что всё-таки имеет место быть атомарному сцеплению металлов , при условии сдавления со смещением брусков(блоков) друг относительно друга . в вакуумной камере блоки не отпали друг от друга.
PantagruelSkobel you’re keyboard broke, try restarting your computer and try again.
@@BloodSlug haha nice!
8:22 "We have lapped this surface, well we haven't but some little 14 year old in China has lapped this for us" I'm CRYING dude LOL
Watched this 4 years ago. Popped back up could not resist!
Nice framing, buddy! I thought you'd lost it ...
Ant Mallett He sure did on the last one! LOL
Dru 86 Probably due to having to film in a sewing room...that would combobfuckscalate most 200 pound gorillas...
Pretty sure that was on purpose last time
AvE Can you imagine not being able to see? I would pop my fucking clogs right off my feet, and say 'tah rah' to the world. Seriously.
And shit like that is why you're my favorite youtuber
I'm finding it hard to gauge what is going on in this video
hey, is this guy ever gonna take apart a viberatum dilly donglely do dad, for the personal satismafaction?!
ron bergeron +1 BOLTR: Hitachi self-pleasure device.
if the wife allows him
Juan Rial who talks about one? im gonna sent him one per day in a yearly subscription
ron bergeron not until he calibrates the fremminheimer connected to the grundel sprocket.
Good lord you have a knack for explaining things in such a way that anyone can understand them. Nearly anyone can repeat information but the informal authority you convey in your videos just makes these things absolutely top notch! Thank you for what ya do sir!
machinist, mechanicalist, scientist, jokerist, videomakerist, you do it all friendly neighbor from up north
he is like mr wilson in that tool show
van der Waals forces
Christopher Gaul I was thinking the same thing and cold welding.
definitely Van der Waals force, which basically means that the surfaces are able to get so close together that quantum interactions can occur. The net result is that if things are smooth enough, they can stick together through the magic of physics :) This is the same thing that geckos and some spiders exploit to stick to smooth surfaces.
Exactly. No need of quantum shit, just a rEEAAALLLYYY flat surface. FLAT!
Also that surface is mirror flat. Same point.
Casimir effect.
These blew my mind in engine rebuilding school. I went full on geek once i learned this. Surface coatings and theory in relation to high performance engines. High temp honing/lapping etc etc. Fucking cool shit
They are mostly held together by atmospheric pressure, which can not enter the oil sealed (most simple labyrinth seal). The oil seal is at the edges held by capilary effect.
1337fraggzb00N yes it does
I used to teach metrology for apprentices at a technical college. Care of gauge blocks or slip gauges included cleaning and re-coating. To clean we used shellite and a special paper fabric then coat with petroleum jelly after use. In terms of flatness, this was checked using a mono-chromatic light and an optical flat. When placed on the gauge block it would indicate light bands like stripes and would indicate high and low points. On a gauge block, these stripes are even. As a machinist I used them to measure slots and grind angles using a sine bar.
You promised to blow my mind AND YOU DELIVERED.
Mad props and deep respect.
Thou shalt not toucheth with thine pud whackers.
10:25 That's cold welding. It happened on a space ship door once - in real life!
I believe they concluded that the space ship door wasn't actually cold welded, it was just sticky (assuming that we're talking about the same one). But it happens with satellites every now and again, and it happened to the antenna on the Galileo space probe.
Ya, like a typical TH-cam commenter, I started doing some research after I commented. You're right: the door wasn't cold welded. But now they try to avoid metal-to-metal contact for exterior parts just in case.
cold welding only happens in space because of metals oxide layer.
Strike Dragon isn't the lack of a oxide layer that causes their cold welding? I though the oxide layer prevented it.
Alaska Skidood No, cold welding would be permanent
Hey AvE, the metallic bonding you described is a real thing and it's called vacuum welding, NASA had this problem with a few parts of probes failing to open as they had spontaneously welded themselves together due to the smooth surfaces being in direct contact along with the lack of air particles to get in the way. In theory you could do it in a vacuum chamber on earth (maybe a good video idea).
Get Cody to test it.
Veritasium actually did a video about it.
ya: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallic_bonding when two congruent surfaces of the same alloy are joined electrons can flow freely and create a bond
Thats not whats happening here J.E., the gear oil you saw is breaking that barrier.
FUCK VERITASIUM
When I was in high school one of my class mates stuck a whole set together right before summer break. When we returned to school the blocks had welded themselves permanently. Teacher was not amused to say the least
That proves it’s air and molecule entanglement ?!
@@AboxofMonsters that's not what it means, it probably means that it has more to do with friction rather than air pressure.
@@AboxofMonsters no the probably oxidized together
@@MitchJohnson0110 most likely/ believable answer. Thankyou.
So in theory at least, you could build a ship with no welds. Wow.
I honestly look up to the passion that you have, because it extends past yourself. Even when in the best of moods, the love of life you express never fails to add more to the scope of life's possibility.
Thank you, and never stop doing this.
in here for the do nothing know it all wikipedia physicists tearing you apart
I'm here for the lively intercourse
So is datcourse
I'm here for advice as to getting my dick unstuck from the vice, seems my units steely atoms have allowed themselves to be seduced by the cheap chineseam iron.
It's Van der Waals forces between the two plates. Nice party trick though.
Unless he was talking about CCW1911's dick stuck in a vice.
Now do Homemade gauge blocks on the bridgeport milling machine.
You have to lap them on your homemade granite surface plate.
Only in a finger-eight fashion, fer oblious reasons to keep them parallel straight and true. Un-like my X-wife.
No, no... Use a sewing machine like Mr. Johansson did.
That would be a project for the former wife's sewing room.
That Bridgeport can be in the best condition possible and it still wouldn't be accurate enough to machine a set of gage blocks.
These have always messed with my brain and you've actually answered zero of my questions, +1 for confirmation
Just realized this is the video that got me into your channel. I couldn't remember then I found this one again.
Great stuff. Has definitely improved my TH-cam experience.
Same here! Crazy how one little video opens up a whole new interest.
Exactly the same for me, just came up in my feed, wrapped myself in that warm blanket.
Slip Gauges! I always believed it was a vacuum between the surfaces that made them stick. You use them in various ways in a precision workshop, one is for checking tolerances by setting up a needle gauge and comparing the slips to your work to get an accurate measurement. Also you use them to set sine bars whereas you stack them under one of the pins of the bar to get a very accurate angle using a calculation of the length between the pins and the angle required to get the slips you need.
I'm just gonna leave that here...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold_welding
swiss that's pretty cool
This is not cold welding.
What we have here is surface tension between the perfectly flat lapped sides and a tiny bit of oil.
Cheeseboat20 g
Not cold welding. They'd never come apart if they were, and you'd see the damage where they welded together.
That was my first thought as well
He went into the history but never once called them "JoBlocks"...
@steve gale The "machine thinking" channel has a vid where he goes into the complete history of Mr. Johansson and his blocks.
I guess that depends on your nationality. I'm British and an engineer and at 51 never heard of them called JoBlocks until I watched some TH-cam videos. Always called them gauge blocks.
@@markchisholm2657 From high school (BTHS) in the 60's till retirement two years ago, they were only and all ways called Jo Blocks .
Heard about this years ago in my mechanical engineering class: Do this in a vaccum with clean & smooth enough surfaces & you'll be cold welding.
I was a quality control inspector for thirty years and have set-up gage blocks thousands of times. We as a team discussed this phenomenon often, especially when training rookie machinists. We cane to the conclusion that it’s negative pressure that sticks them together. We cleaned our Jo blocks on a lapping block and wiped them down with isopropyl alcohol and a clean lint free wipe. Wrung them together as you did and as nothing is absolutely flat, both surfaces have micro-scratches, they stick!
When I was in the business, some kid would stone polish his Bridgeport milling machine table furiously at the end of the day so that, in time, it shone like chopped diamonds. The result was that parts machined on the table would sometime stick to it after machining. He'd curse up a storm removing them. I thought about it asking why were not all milling machine tables lapped for greater accuracy!? I concluded that extra cost aside, shiny, lapped, machine tool surfaces were actually a bad idea since they increased the potential for sideways movement when such forces were applied as was illustrated in the floating Russian footage. After all, a Bridgeport is a mill, not just a fancy drill press.By polishing the surface, the kid was actually increasing the odds for part movement during the machining process should sufficient sideways forces be applied. Besides, who wants to pull parts sticking to a Bridgeport table from the table surface? But I didn't tell him. He was a kid. They don't listen. The don't care. All he wanted was a shiny table. So frig 'em.
So why not build a vacuum chamber to test out what happens? Will they drop apart? Phoning it in with a magic marker, Trudeau/10 !
How are you going to wring them inside of a vaccuum chamber? He would need to build some sort of mechanical wringing mechanism.
SeriouslySharp even better
google "cold welding in space".
Actually, it is a somewhat serious problem, in space applications.
Yes. Wring them, then suspend them from a bungee with a clip (isolating vibration), have a clear top (or camera inside) and remove the air. If the viscosity theory is true, removal of atmosphere should let the bottom one drop.
You can't cold weld in atmosphere. As soon as the iron or metal comes in contact with air it oxidizes and prevents this. There is no possible way you could get the pieces together fast enough without a vacuum chamber to get this to happen.
I died when he said, “well we haven’t, but some little 14 year old in China has lapped this for us”
So did the kid due to chemical poisoning in the factory
Does this smell like the Casimir effect to anyone (in part, at least)?
Yes, I was thinking the same thing.
DigGil3 We need somebody who eats quantum physics for breakfast to illuminate us :)
Oskar Elek the Casimir effect is mostly supposed to work on conductive materials as well ... I know it can get really strong with really flat conductive surfaces but that is tricky with the ceramics
I think it's a question of how abstract you want to go in your explanation. From what I remember of general chemistry, one of the contributors to Van der Waals forces is London dispersion forces, which can be easily explained as the electron cloud of one atom displacing that of an other atom, which then induces a small dipole moment in each atom, which then attract each other. But then of course if you really want to, you can use QED to explain why the electron clouds displace each other and then you get something like the Casimir effect.
Oskar Elek its not quite down to molecular level, at least the numbers (flatness etc) are a bit too high. It appears to be the oil films surface tension sealing the bond so that no air could break it apart.
I was a machinist. These blocks are so finely machined and surfaced that when you slide them together it pushes all the air out and they are held by vacuum. That way the measurements are still exact. They use these blocks to calibrate the measuring equipment used in the shop.
An old toolmaker who has mentored me as I'm self taught calls sticking blocks together 'ringing' them. He calls them 'Joe blocks' allegedly after the guy who invented them. He's in his mid 70's and had enough faith in me that he helped me get my company up and running. He explained the ringing phenomenon in exactly the same way to a mystified and awe struck me 😲
Yeah it's called cold welding, and that's not the case here. I've stuck those together by nothing but just residual skin oil from my hand. Any oil will do I suppose.
Try it maybe
This was one of the first demonstrations given in my machining metrology class, and we were shown by rubbing the surfaces with our fingers.
Aleksandar Tadic imagine the reasons behind a press fit of rod into tube, same principle
Also some blacksmith techniques work the same, albeit at high temperatures to remove air and oxidation
but what are they used for?
Say you want a super accurate reference for 4.521 inches or something, you'd wring together a 4 inch a .5 inch a .02 inch and a .001 inch block. Then you could use it to set a scriber for layout, or anything else you want a good reference for.
Distance standards as when checking micrometers or precision parts for accuracy.
if by "small" shops you mean smaller than boeing, maybe. i've never seen a shop where precision work is being done where gauge blocks aren't used every day, and i've been to some big shops.
They are also used in setting up sine bars.
Thank you all for answering my question, and explaining with examples as well. I was trying to imagine how, if they are to be treated with such care, they would be useful for working at the machine?
I truly appreciate so many of you shared your knowledge and time. Peace
Dude you're hilarious. Can't believe I've not seen your channel before now.
'THOU SHALT USE LINT CLOTH'
Thanks for the video because I totally forgot about this effect. Last time I learned of it was 38 years ago in high school physics. How time flies.
Cool. I haven't seen or heard about these for about 20 years. Last time was at "Metal school" and this was one of the first things in metallurgy lessons, apparently to maximize effect to new students. It must've worked as I still remember this vividly and was quite astound what I saw.
I used to work at a hotel with a granite counter top. in the winter when no body used to wander by the desk I could have hours of fun cleaning and polishing it until very flat objects could slide the entire length. I even got the granite base for one of our hotel awards to whip around like it was on an air hockey table. fun thoughts. your side thought about cold welding, can you think of any non metal, aside from carbon, you could do that with?
Glass
this came up in one of my mechanical engineering courses, the conclusion we came to was a mix of the bottom out theory and Vander Wal forces
AvE most modern structural adhesives rely on Van der Waals interactions
***** Well at 1nm it's around 200kJ/mole. Given that the surface isn't 25nm apart at every point and good tolerances, it can be substantial.
Also I believe this effect has been observed in a vacuum.
Geckos would like to have a word with you. Also do you know what's the surface roughness of these blocks?
Dude, I freakin' LOVED this. It had everything I love, science, cool shit, swearing and humour. Sub'd!
I'm a metrologist for the USAF. I use these everyday. We actually show these to guests to 'wow' them
Wringing gauge blocks together is part of how to use them. The polished finish on the faces displace air when wringing them together and essentially you have a vacuum, sort of, at almost a molecular level.
I remember this from physics: the friction force decrease when smoothness increase to a certain extent, then it start to increase again reaching it's peak at super smooth surfaces...
How? The theory says: at super smooth surfaces some of the atoms of the 2 parts get close enough to each other to form chemical bonds, not on all of the surface of course, coz otherwise The parts will be welded together...
100%, great explanation.
Its not chemical bond but Van der Waals type of bond
@Clorox Bleach unfortunately thats not what happens, OP juat doesn't remember his physics classes right. What does happend is due to uneven spread of electrons in atomic shell partial positive and partial negative spots appear, which in turn create artificial dipoles, those spots can than interact with neighboring atoms if they are close enough thru electrostatic attractions (these type of "bonds" are broadly called Van der Waals bonds or Van der Waals interactions). Few important things to keep in mind tho a) no chemical bond is formed b) atomic charge of atom stays unchanged and c) all Van der Waals interactions are at least order of magnitude weaker than proper chemical bonds.
08:23 So diabolic, but so true xD
Another fun part of this swede is that he back then actually "standardized" one inch in the USA industry as in metric 25.4 mm. However one inch in metrics is actually 25.42 mm but he didnt felt like those 0.02 mm would matter so he made the gauge blocks he shipped to USA in 25.4 steps and USA went mental.
The entire industry over there hated him for doing that even incl a president that said that he didnt hate any other person more then this guy. A year later or so after he still refused the entire USA industry begged him to change them to a normal inch 25.42 mm but he still refused but after even the president finally begged him on his knees to do so he did after some time but only because he felt for it he said.
No one else then this guy in the world (!) could make anything even remotely like this with the same precision at these gauge blocks he made until many many years later into the modern time and its not that easy to make these even today.
Yep, the swedes made it once again.
Gauge blocks are used by machinists and tool makers when marking out and or measuring. They are also used to calibrate measuring equipment such as Vernier height gauges. They go hand in hand with a marking out table. They stick together because they are so finely lapped that the molecular structure of metal is like an open weave and the molecular structure of each block bind together. If you get a AAA grade set of gauge blokes and clean each end completely of oil with thinners and air and wring them together they will not come apart without damaging the ends this is also why each set has wear blocks to place on ether end of the gauge blocks to stop the blocks from being scratched and damaged.
Jaw dropped. That is the most magical thing i have ever seen. Just in awe. And right when in was picking it back up you show the russian guy and explain how the metals are so flat they were floating on air. Thats just... Wow!
In case someone is interrested in that Russian super flat scraping, letting the metal hover, here's the link to the instructions video:
th-cam.com/video/VLgOtWPUdqA/w-d-xo.html
And here's the video of the floating metal piece: th-cam.com/video/RQwizm7-UbU/w-d-xo.html
^^You can see the metal biting a bit when he stops moving, and when throwing it makes a noise, yet it's silent while moved by hand.
And if you're Russian, just subscribe to Игорь Негода.
Can't seem to understand. I'm just gonna pretend they are magnetic so it doesn't bother me all day.
What SHOULD bother you all day, is the fact that nobody has yet explained the difference between "gravity" and "magnetism". Long story short, density and polarity each have effect one on the other, but the differentiation between the two is not available.
Samuel Luria no
Google Van der Waals force. This is understood physics.
dorbie that's the the principle of gecko tape right? I had the same thought....
Weak Solid phase weld.... the tops of the sub-micro mountains weld. Van der waals is more related to adhesives where it is thought the correct viscosity fluid will fill the gaps in the surface to the point where the molecules are so close Van der waals forces amongst others take effect.
For really interesting and stronger solid phase welds check out gold and aluminium wire bonding of electronic die (Silicon Chips etc)
Understood about as well as magnetism; we know what it is and general rules about it, but not the actual 'why' it works. Probably because quantum physics and how the rules of nature are currently preventing us from knowing more about it.
dorbie Are you new here?
No air is in between the blocks. It is just vacuum.
It's Molecular Adhesion. Polishing surfaces super fine enables the molecules to combine when two separate pieces touch. With no air in between there is nothing interfering with the bonding of molecules. This is used in optics to combine elements without adhesives. Using adhesives reflects/refracts light and may eventually separate. Having a molecular bond solves the problem.
These gauge blocks are super expensive because of the efforts involved in polishing the surfaces. Touching the surfaces with bare skin leaves oils and scores the surfaces ruining them.
Hope you still have these. People today would enjoy this if you did this again.
Dude. neat info, but ... WHAT ARE THEY FOR?
Rebelgium feeler gauges for big pieces it is faster to have something of that size to set your tools or work if you have something to measure that are set to speic
Many times used for calibration of other measuring devices.
Creating known length standards (traceable to NIST for better sets) for calibrating other precise equipment in metrology and machining. Modern sets typically come in an 81-piece set of various thicknesses, which lets you construct a stack of blocks of any known length up to about 12" in 0.0001" increments.
I've also used them to directly measure dimensions on parts that were difficult to do any other type of measuring tool, such as grooves in bores. Most bore/groove measuring tools like groove guns or snap gages might be accurate to 0.001 or 0.0005". The rule-of-thumb is you want an order of magnitude more resolution in the measuring tool than the tolerance you're going up against. If you've got -/+ 0.001", you'd want a piece of equipment with a resolution of at least 0.0001". With a gage block stack and two ball bearings of known diameter and sphericity (grade 25, etc) sitting opposite of one another in the groove (and a dab of vaseline to keep them in place), you can build very precise go/no-go gages. We've had to do this on several occasions to check grooves in housing components for bipopellant turbopumps because they had bilateral tolerances of 0.0005" in some of these seal grooves.
rub ends of joe blocks on paper and they stick better.
ive used gauge blocks/ joe blocks for 30 years plus.
What you got there Is surface wetting (stick-shun) of a (basically) incompressible fluid combined with some surface friction. Faces can't move away from each other because the oil will not stretch. Add to that some metal to metal surface friction, and that'll keep the two faces together by limiting shear slippage. You can do the same thing with two scuffed pieces of glass. If the glass is too smooth you get side slippage too course and not enough surface friction occurs.
HillbillyEngineerin wrong it is van der whalls forces basically the eltrical bonding between atoms which is how geckos can stick to glass
On an episode of How It's Made, they were creating prisms for binoculars I believe. The extremely smooth surface of the prisms allowed them to stick together simply because they were so close to perfectly flat that they could be. This allowed them to stick
I own several sets of these for my job, and they're still amazing to me. I have a 11-piece C.E. Johansson brand gage block set from the mid 50's that goes from 0.10000" to 0.10010" in 0.00001" increments. Machinists and inspectors are amazed since modern sets only come in 0.0001" steps, with some sets with an occasional .10005" block.
If you get a nick on the gaging face (steel ones anyhow, not WC, CrC, or ceramic) and they won't wring, you can rub them on a granite surface plate to take off the nick and they will wring again. Companies that make gage blocks typically also have "dresing blocks" which were basically small 1-2-3 granite surface plates that you could correct damaged gage blocks on by rubbing the gaging face on the granite to take off the raised spot of damage.
*Oh, so that explains what the wood box full of these are that my dad has.*
Ok AvE couldn't you test the air pressure theory by trying to preform this function under a vacuum ?
I thought they had to use special designs in space applications to prevent vacuum welding.
Donald Collis Yes! I vote Cody tests this!! May manage a proper cold weld.
You can at least calculate a maximum for the air pressure exerted. The interacting faces of the Jo blocks is ~.3 or .4 square inches, so the maximum amount of force atmospheric pressure can contribute is around 4 to 6 lbf total. Since Jo blocks can resist forces considerably higher than this (say around 25 or 30 lbf) it's clear that other considerations need to be taken into account.
"30 freedom bucks right to the art ben, *PING!* missed..."
LOVE it! XD
Saw a video the other day about metals spontaneously ‘welding’ themselves together on spacecraft. A rare but troublesome event, I believe it caused issues on an early American space capsule where the hatch jammed itself open while in orbit. Sounds like a similar phenomenon to that last explanation.
Your 3rd explaination is actually reference to "cold welding". It is a theorized (it does happen, but can't be 100% proven with our human apertures) phenomenon in which two materials of the same composition come into (near) perfect contact at any temperature and the result is a weld strong enough to appear as if the two materials were always one. This phenomenon can typically only happen in a vacuum, however, and it is actually a common problem with (near) perfect machined parts on space craft sticking together on contact with each other.
Once again +AvE makes a great video, thank you.
I had a knuckle boom that had a jack that stuck like that, I don’t know how many times I took it apart and could not fix it, I know now! Thank you
What happens if you add heat to them once they're ringed together?
+Bodyrot For President (goes from weak _nukular_ bond, to not as weak _nukular_ bond)
I've not used these since I was an apprentice (50 years ago) and still find i fascinating.
that's the reason they scrape cast iron surface plates, is to reduce the contact to prevent wringing. I was also told granite is hard quartz in a soft stone so when it is lapped the soft points are taken down quicker than the hard ones to achieve a similar effect.
Used to use these occasionally when I was an apprentice (Lucas Aerospace) to calibrate micrometers for use on the shop floor, or when setting up the CNC machines that were used for manufacturing complex components like the contra-rotating props for stingray torpedoes. We used to call them slip guages.
I don't have any, though I might buy a few for shits and giggles and pure nostalgia, but outside of really critical tool calibration, are they of any practical value to your average home gamer?
In the protective condom, then I went straight to comments
14 yo in China... lmao
I thought this guy had a PhD in engineering?
Couple things -> 1) gauge blocks come in a variety of "levels" of precision. 2) "Cruciform" not "cue-ciform". 3) surface tension plays a big part of it; as well, if you let them set they will corrode, and the oxide layers will combine the parts. You can break them off still, but they are no longer to the level of precision. 4) no matter how precise the flattening process is; the distance is still going to be too great for a covalent bond to happen.
Its just surface tension. Air has moisture in it, as well, the oil remnants remain, even on a nano level.
I wish I could show some of the amazing high tolerance stuff that I have seen working in R&D , a spindle that ran on conformal foil bearings good for 1 million rpm, a lathe built from granite test blocks good for 1um over a meter and contactless bearings that could suspend 10 ton of radial force. Unfortunately no cameras allowed in any of these labs.
Justin machines for path etching silicon chips. The holding rods are 4 1/4” round and 40” long they had to be less than 1um in straightness and 0.5 um in roundness to pass inspection. Literally a rack full of non conforming failures and 4 perfect versions. The super high speed spindle was for drilling microscopic holes thru the silicon wafers. The standard spindle ran at 225,000 rpm and they were trying to up the speed to reduce the drill diameter. I was working on high speed generator design for energy recovery at the time.
basically like two peices of glass... 👍🍻
Dude this happens with prisms from binoculars. I also saw a video one youtube about cold welding. You are getting close to a molecule to molecule bond. I put two prisms togeter years ago, never got them apart.
this guy has such a hard-on for these things
Diminiu s do you not? :o
It could be the first proof of Higgs particle. I'm a Swede, damn proud of what Nobel, Celsius, Linné, Jonas Bronks, Rambo, Zipper, the Wrench and the American revolution hero John Ericsson have done in the past. John Ericsson's sub protected the North-states armada and when a whole day gone by - the south-state sub Merrimack had not sunk - so the two Swedish sailors on board Monitor decided to fill the gun barrel with twice the amount of gun powder - and boom - Merrimack finally got so wounded she had to sail away - and the North armada was saved. Great things happens if you adapt - and accept change. Do not fear, the unknown - not in humans nor things. Be open. Best regards Chris from Sweden
I've read that Henry Ford said something like "there are only two people in the world I take my hat of for. One is United States president, the other one Johansson from Sweden".
So wtf do they do anyways ?
They're very precisely machined to be certain lengths, so you can use them to calibrate machines.
ill teach you some irish... say
WHALE
OIL
BEEF
HOOKED>
now say it faster........
Clever
"betwixt"
My father has told me about this being an issue in machine shops.
He was a manager in a precision metal shop and sometimes the forklift driver or operator would stack metal sheets too high. The thin metal sheets would stick together and it was often difficult to separate them once they got glued to each other. Often a vacuum would lift a sheet and two or three would come up at the same time because of the effect seen in this video.
When Mr. J was asked by Thomas Edison how he got that supreme precision, J just smiled and said he had a even more accurate meassuring device at home.
125 years later they still don't know how he could make them so accurate.
No big deal, I remember when I took metal shop that I was taught never to put a gauge block on top of another because they could stick together. The reason given was that they were so precisely machined and smooth that there would a suction between them.
4:12 he said "cuciform" instead of "cruciform." lols
oh my god what the hell..... well let's start with the explanations: First let me debunk that of atoms sharing their electrons to make a bond, the ends like you said are honed or even lapped that gives you a roughness class of maximum Ra0,05 to Ra0,025 at best, this means that means that you have a median value of dents and marks with a depth of maximum 0,025mm while in atomic bonding we are talking o 0,1-0,3 nanometer (around that) so we are talking around a million times smaller. Yes granted some atoms surely are close enough to from electron bridges (after all current dose pass) but the strength that this builds up is nill. The theory with viscosity was on the right track, although you did clean off most of the oil from the sides there are still residues, when you squeeze those two really flat surfaces together you force out most of the air between them and the residual fluid fills up many gaps and works like a sealant in those super thin but still many ridges (which is actually the principle of glue). If it was air only which is compressible there probably wouldn't be enough force to hold them together (because the air would expand and let the pieces enough apart so that new air could come in), but liquids are not compressible (else they would be gasses) and therefore can not expand under the "opening force", so the force you need to apply to open such a small liquid vacuum is much greater, and therefore they stick together. You can test this all out also on the non honed/lapped surfaces of those blocks, if you add a drop of oil on those and apply the same push and twist technique to get the air out they should also stick, that's why it works also on ceramic gauges. this works on any flat enough surface (the greater the area of the surface that sticks together the more weight it can carry). Like mentioned somewhere in those answer you can do it with 2 pieces of glass, there maybe you don't even need the oil, just clean them really well and they'll stick together.
Pa Mo All solid metals share electrons. How do you think electricity travels?
well actually also liquid metals conduct electricity, but I do not get why your comment should be relevant, did I say somewhere that metal dose not conduct?
Try doing some research and learn what metallic bonds are. And how the Electron Sea Model applies. How else do you think solid metals would hold together in such rigid structures when they have no formal charge and are making no covalent bonds?
25nm is not close enough to produce the effect you're talking about.
Keep in mind that the computer that you are using right now likely has metallic 'bridges' that are shorter than 25nm (for example, my computer uses 14nm transistors on an intel skylake cpu) and the function of your computer depends on these bridges NOT conducting electrons freely (but only conducting when manipulated to do so, hence 'semiconductors') so atoms of iron placed 25nm away from each other in air with surface contaminants and the internal resistance of iron will not join into one freely conducting electron sea or produce any meaningful bond.
@EpicScandinavian If you read the whole thing I have written you see that this is exactly what I say half a line further down. and with 0,025mm I am refering to MM not NM, it is to point out that the electric bonding effect OP talks about is impossible!, please read what I wrote more carefully :)
I graduated in 1982 and I took a two-year vocational machine shop in my high school, and I remember the gauge blocks, I was fascinated by them
I love your vernacular. Your command of the English language twists the minds of lesser men