"Kill the Indian, Save the Man" - Carlisle Boarding School - US History - Extra History
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Richard Henry Pratt and his Carlile Indian Industrial School set the standard for Indian assimilation in America and Canada. Causing ever-lasting damage to the Native American communities today.
-- Links for personal stories --
Full Text and Excerpts of Pratt's "Kill the Indian, Save the Man" Speech from Dickinson College:
carlisleindian....
American Indian Boarding Schools Haunt Many - NPR:
www.npr.org/20...
Death By Civilization - The Atlantic:
www.theatlanti...
The Dark Legacy of Canada's Residential Schools, Where Thousands Died - 60 Minutes:
• The dark legacy of Can...
Canadian Government's Statement of Apology to Former Students of Indian Residential Schools:
www.rcaanc-cir...
US Department of the Interior Releases Volume 1 of its Investigative Report in the Federal Indian Boarding School Initiative:
www.doi.gov/pr...
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Hi!
❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️
Maybe do a proper series on Canadian Residential Schools. This is not just some little American problem, it was so much bigger and so much worse.
The Canadian system of catholic church run residential schools did not end until the late 90s
Every single Canadian of aboriginal heritage I know, has had their entire family scarred by this system
When they use Toxic, Abusive, Cultish practices nothing good could ever come from it.
In this video we see at least 2: Isolation (removal of support networks) and dependency ("where are you going to go?")
If you want I suggest watching TheraminTrees or Prophet of Zod on TH-cam.
Or cover Steven Hassan.
A Cult is just a Toxic, Abusive relationship taken to an extreme. There are institutions that can be Cults without having anything to do with Religion.
Watch and find the patterns.
I did a project about residential schools in my ninth grade Canadian History class. That summer, I visited my grandparents in Alberta, and I was sitting in my grandpa’s car waiting for him to come back out of the convenience store with the bread and milk when I realized that I had never actually processed up until that point that he’s indigenous. Their house was filled with indigenous art, and he gave me a dreamcatcher when I had night terrors as a small child - a dreamcatcher I still keep in my room to this day - and I had never questioned it. I was suddenly so afraid to ask him what his childhood was like. When I finally managed to ask, he told me that he was one of the children taken during the Sixties Scoop. He was from the Sawridge First Nation.
Wow. That's intense. I'm glad you did ask him, though. These stories are as hard to share as they are necessary.
That's cool he gave you a dream catcher. I hope you and him had a good friendship.
From Pikwakanagan in Ontario. There are still lasting issues from the residential school program that permeate every aspect of the community. Constantly have to remind people that the last one in Canada closed in ‘96
When you mentioned dreamcatcher I remember my grandma used to have one when I was a kid and it was in the doorway of her bedroom
I’ve a similar story. My Red River Métis grandfather basically never talked about his school experience or his childhood in general. I only recently learnt that he’d gone to a catholic school on a teenager, and it doesn’t take a genius to realize the implications of that.
My Grandmother was sent to Indian boarding school. She dealt with mental problems her whole life, and had several nervous breakdowns. She forced my mother as a child to scrub the floors of the entire house on her hands and knees every day just like she did at the boarding school, or my mother was severely punished. There is a split with her family that remains to this day. 3 generations suffered trauma because of it.
Well as long as that keeps you all from organizing in mass to fight for equality or power with your economic masters.
Your intergenerational hardship is the price your masters willingly pay.
I'm sorry for what happened to your family for those things that Canada did to the american native...i'm studying right now Canada and i wanted to talk about this topic...i hope your're doing well now...and love from Italy 🇮🇹♥️ to you and your family...i'm very sorry about this...
Im so sorry
🧢
I'm so sorry that happened to her. Sending love n light and blessings your family ✨️
As someone who has a grandmother who was almost shipped off to a residential school in Canada, thank you guys for doing this video. I hope people can see that the scars we bear are still very fresh and very real
how'd she get out of it you said almost what happened to stop it
@@iulaihe51299 She had to hide her Mi'kmaq heritage. If she hadnt she would have been dragged off, and most likely wouldn't have survived
@@connorhilchie2779 she sounds like a brave woman
I heard some schools had secret meetings where they kept thrir native language and traditions alive
I like how Pratt was an amazing humanitarian for his time but his biases regarding cultural integration, especially linguistic and social, still caused harm to the very people he wanted to "save". It shows how even arguably good intentions can still lead to horrible consequences due to misunderstanding and single mindedness on the part of the "saviours".
And then others mimic the same actions with or without the same 'good intentions' and it gets corrupted like a tragic game of telephone by exploitation.
That would've explained his Megalomania
It’s a common delusion by the colonizers and their modern day sympathizers. People will whine that empires like Rome and Britain were “civilizing the savages” and “did good things and gave you [insert technological or other modern thing here]”, as if that justifies their superiority complex and years of oppression and senseless torment they brought on the peoples they conquered. As if the natives were savages to begin with…
It's scary how he was seen as a bleeding heart philanthropist in his own time because the other option of literal physical genocide was considered an acceptable (even encouraged) option at the time.
"hell is full of good intentions"
Canada has gone through a painful evolution in the past couple of years. Children's bones have been dug up and returned to their home tribal lands. Its still being done and will have to continue to be done for some time. For anyone who still thinks these places were just boarding schools there to try and bring the indigenous people into the modern day think about this; real schools don't have cemeteries. Legitimate cemeteries don't have unmarked unrecorded graves.
We're finding the same in the US. Horrifying and devastating.
@@friedkeenan I think you would find something similar in a lot of places where Europeans moved in on a native populous. The trick as I see it is not to look away. Its to bring the babies home and to do the work to reconcile with the past. That will create a country that both sides will want to be a part of.
@@RealityInk ya up in Northern eourope they natives were still being sterilized up tell the 60s
I am Canadian and i live in the same province where the first mass grave was discovered. Seeing everything unfold right in front of me has been an eye opener
Canadians talking about racism in America: 🤣🤣🤣
Canadians seeing a Native American: 👁️👄👁️
I'm Navajo and I'm fully aware of this ugly system that has affected all native american cultures and to this day as a result of this system our cultures are at the risk of dying out, because the only people left practicing our cultures are the elderly but they're starting to die out especially thanks to the covid-19 pandemic. But there are a few members of the younger generation who are trying to learn about their heritage so they can practice their traditions themselves including me. At a young age I was unaware of my tribe's culture and traditions I didn't even know I was Navajo until I was 10 but since those years since I found out that I was a Navajo I decated the last 8 years of my life into learning more about my culture and heritage. And to this day I still have a lot to learn, I'm passionate about it even if it comes at a cost for example the first thing I did after learning about my heritage is to stop cutting my hair as it was tradition for men to have long hair but now that I have long hair as a result I suffered discrimination in school I even got it trouble with the teachers because of it and I only got away with it when I told them I was protected by the 1st amendment of the U.S. constitution. I just graduated a week ago and even though I'll have a long and difficult path ahead me I'll be proud of it no matter what.
Ahéhee (thank you in Navajo) for your support I really appreciate it. May the holy people (Navajo gods) watch over your souls.
I hate to say this but most of the younger generation probably isn't going to adopt those customs like it or not the most dominant culture in the areas they live is still going to be mainstream American culture and there are few people who will learn such a complicated language when it doesn't serve much in terms of practicality this is true of the Irish
@@Bluedog92403 most Navajo don't worship those gods to my knowledge
@@spartanx9293 I'm fully aware of that and it's true that learning about Native American culture is mostly non existent depending on access and opportunity but what I'm trying to say is that our cultures are dying out and if immediate action isn't taken then it'll go extinct and the Native American identity will be gone forever and there's only a specific few who actually and truly want to learn more about their heritage so they can try to revive it. And it's true that most Navajo don't practice the tribal religion anymore thanks to the Indian boarding schools converting them to Christianity and as a result today only a fifth of the Navajo population practice the tribal religion.
@@Bluedog92403 then there's nothing much that can be done if someone does not want to practice the culture you can't exactly force them at least not today
This is one of the most tragic and inhumane episodes of US and Canadian history that does not get enough attention. Thank you.
The amount of human suffering that native americans experienced and still experience is unprecedented (Not only in the north but also central and south american natives), It even inspired Stephen Hawking to warn about NOT contacting Advance alien civilization because of what they can do to us just like Europeans did to the natives.
I don't believe you've read much of history if you think any kind of modern human suffering is "unprecedented"...
@@necromanticer169 Well if you want to turn human suffering into a dick waving contest then suit yourself.
I'm pretty sure large scale cultural re education like this was a first though. I don't think the romans did it this way. The gauls would have run them out of town quick. Also the fact 90% of native americans died to disease was also unprecedended. Also your paragraph was rude and dismissive while providing exactly zero examples to back up your claim.
It is an ironic that, the americans was actually the outsider, and the indian was the natives, and now this program wanted to destroy the native, and to replace them with outsiders.
@@exeggcutertimur6091 Are you familiar with the concept of Sinicization? It's an ancient Chinese practice of turning everyone who isn't Han Chinese into Han Chinese, and it has been very effective historically. For example, the indigenous people of Taiwan were dark skinned islanders who migrated across the Pacific and Southeast Asian islands, all the way to Madagascar, and are the genetic ancestors of the people of Madagascar. You will barely find any of them in Taiwan today, though many of their cultural practices managed to survive to the modern day.
“Congratulations! You are being rescued. Please do not resist.”
Content like this is always hard to watch but I’m very grateful someone had the 🏀 ⚽️ s to do it. Thank you for your honest take on history.
I’m glad this touched on residential schools in Canada, although the way it’s framed in the video is misleading. Residential schools already existed in Canada by 1867 and the last school didn’t close until 1997.
Though as the video noted, we are still grappling with the horrendous and shameful legacy of residential schools.
Honestly it needs it's own video
The Canadian residential schools institutions were a whole different level of barbarity
Oh and truth and reconciliation is a farse and more needs to be done
Maple washing. When Canadians think they don’t have a racism problem because we’re too polite and say sorry all the time
Not a video, a series. Through the generations. I remain in my opinion that this subject is over-taught in Canadian schools nowadays, but more people need to understand.
As well, their series should have links at the end of their videos to The Story of Hiawatha, which is a cultural tale about 5 aboriginal tribes.
We all need more stories about aboriginal culture for the purpose of restoring it. Every other ethnicity in North America could theoretically travel home to their ancestral homeland and reintegrate into that culture. The Canadian government literally respects the French language more than the languages endemic to this land for at least over 1000 years.
it didnt close..
but parents had the right to refuse to send their children in 1980...
An episode I hope Extra History will make is about Canada’s Sled Dog Genocide. From the 1950s to the 1970s, the Royal Canadian Mounted Police and other government officials killed thousands of sled dogs, rendering the breed extinct. For hundreds of years, these dogs were used by the Inuit and their ancestors to pull sleds as a means of transportation. Despite being one of the brutal periods in Canadian history, it has been swept under the rug so completely as to be functionally nonexistent. Please, as a Canadian citizen this issue has disgusted me for years!
I'm here to explain to confused people that the bigger problem isn't killing the dogs per se, but that the Inuit lifestyle was destroyed.
Omg, I've never heard of this
@@موسى_7 yeah, obviously
Worst part is, I went all through school exclusively learning about how Colonizers fucked over Aboriginals ever single year. We were even taught about the same events twice, as per curriculum. Never did we cover this atrocity.
@@موسى_7 I assume that's because crippling the inuit was probably the intended goal, and the dogs were just a means. I don't know why they would hate dogs enough to drive a breed to extinction.
A shocking number of people have no idea that residential schools even existed let alone the atrocities that occurred there and I have found that many people also miss how recent these atrocities are. Simply assuming that these things are ancient history, despite the large number of residential school survivors around today. At 8:18 you mentioned that the residential school system remained in place in Canada until the 80s. Which may be when schools began to close (it's been a while since I've studied the topic so I'm not sure) but Gordon's Indian Residential School, the last federally run residential school, did not close until 1996 and the last private residential school, Grollier Hall closed in 1997. 35-36 years isn't that long ago historically speaking and the impact of these schools can still be felt both in generational trauma and lived experience. All in all I really appreciate you covering the topic since education is one of the best tools we have to help those impacted.
I didn't realize just how recently this ended before this video, and I'm a history nerd.
I had no idea about it until 11 minutes ago, and now I'm crying
I don’t really think it’s ended at all while it’s true that boarding schools with the explicit goal of assimilation or religious conversion are less common( although they certainly do still exist especially among devout religious communities) in recent decades a for profit model has become horribly common I could go on for hours about my personal experience with them but fueled by parents fear about troublesome youth and especially the perceived threat of drug use no matter how minor allows the types of abusive institutions described in this video to not survive but thrive in the modern day as an industry valued in the billions and well practiced in surviving the bad press that eventually led to the shut down of their earlier facilities if you wish to learn more I’d recommend visiting the website unsilenced or just typing troubled teen industry into any large social media site
My maternal great grandmother, who was full Cherokee, was forced to go to one of these schools. The institution was so bad, that I only recently learned of my lost heritage. Even though I'm primarily of Scottish decent, I'm still proud to know that even distantly, I'm part of that great culture.
I didn’t fully internalize that my grandfather is indigenous until the ninth grade, because that was the first time indigenous people were actually brought up in school. He and I aren’t related by blood, but it was still incredibly jarring when I finally realized that all of those horrible things I had learned in my history class could have happened to him and I’d had no idea. When I worked up the courage to ask, he told me he was one of the children taken in the sixties scoop.
My maternal great great grandmother was also Cherokee, and my grandfather spent at least part of his childhood in a reservation. Outside of that, I know very little of my Native American heritage.
Please keep those tradition and heritage alive. Those were the gift God send, and what make an american, an american. Although i life far away from america, at Indonesia. I love american indian heritage and their art, is so unique and interesting. Just like the multi tradition of my people of Indonesia.
Be safe and keep strong.
This is not at all surprising a large amount of Americans have some degree of amerindian
The Scottish, Irish, and Welsh also went through some similar stuff with the English, look up the Highland Clearances, lad, it's sad.
I remember hearing in the news a year ago-ish that, at least here in Canada, the people in charge of the residential schools at a federal level (back then) acknowledged that students lived in awful conditions, mortality was high and that tuberculosis was running rampant. Their response was that it was a "necessary evil" to ensure a future for the children. To them, allowing the children to live in their own culture was seen as a worse fate than the lives they had in residential schools.
The US, France, and Commonwealth protested the definition of Genocide originally proposed for the Nuremburg trials because they themselves were guilty of it
@@sabotabby3372 I remember in the genocide in Rwanda, the US said that they heard reports that there were "acts of genocide" in Rwanda, but refused to call it as genocide. Someone even asked, "how many acts of genocide does it take to call it genocide?"
In a Disabled History of The United States they discuss how this was especially harmful to deaf native children. Sign Language was seen as "primitive", and they were forbidden from using it in particular because it was a language that crossed tribal boundaries & promoted solidarity.
Food aid was insidious too- I remember as a kid my mom telling me about how the extreme amount of corn compared to other items in the diet resulted in greatly increased rates of diabetes.
Never over how these boarding schools were seen as the 'humanitarian' option or how late it was before they were closed down.
They even go as far as threatening to stop food aid, that it so 'humanitarian'.
It wasn't insidious it was cheap corn has always been relatively cheap as a grain so would make sense to give it away as food aid but yes this is going to cause diet problems
Honestly would be good to keep it in context with the time. In scandinavia there were similar programs in a time that the regular citicens also were starving in the poorer stratas of society- ANY free food was a luxury until about the 1960s.
@@Greggah True, but the point is that they were often moved off land they cultivated and harvest food from only for the replacement food to be so nutritionally imbalanced it caused a lot of disease. There was also the purposeful culling of the buffalo, and other such tactics going on.
@@spartanx9293 If this food was given simply out of concern for the communities, you may have a point, but seeing as the government supplied this food aid only after it had already forced tribes off the lands where they historically resided and had cultivated in order to feed their communities (mostly independently, with trade of course making up a variable part of their food supply), restricting them to *usually* unfamiliar but *always* resource limited locals (land reserved for relocating tribes typically had little potential value for the expanding United States; they weren't exactly handing out lush fields ripe for sewing) without concern for their traditional way of life - nevermind if a tribe may have been primarily fishermen, they should be able to make a living on this well water supplied area of virtual desert - that severely limited many communities ability to provide basic necessities for their own people. And that was just the more purposeful and direct ways that the US impacted potential food sources for these tribes. Westward expansion, urbanization, and founding large communities in essentially desserts all resulted in a loss of habitat for native wildlife, which still suffers today from these same forces even in places like Yellowstone where eventually they would end up importing wolves and beavers to try and bring the natural ecosystem back into balance. Unchecked hunting meant many species were no longer a viable source of food they once had been as they were driven close to extinction. The US also allocated, reserved and rerouted many of the major water sources out West without consideration for the native tribes they had placed there. Oh, and, of course, the attempts to "civilized" often meant banning traditional native practices, including those related to farming, hunting, and food preparation.
Basically, the United States took communities that were used to providing for themselves and made it near impossible for them to do so, which in turn meant that the food aid given to these tribes was an important lifeline the government could leverage as it pleased. Corn may be cheap, but the US created the situation and now - having removed most communities ability to be mostly self sustained -had the responsibility of providing the basic necessities that it had taken from these communities.
Perhaps it's better not to think of it as food AID but food REPLACEMENT/REPAYMENT. This is not a case of someone down on their luck coming into a soup kitchen in need of a warm meal. Here, the person in question was living comfortably in their house when suddenly law enforcement broke in and locked the person in the small spare bedroom with no access to their groceries or a water source. At which point they turned around and PROMISED that while the individual was no longer going to be allowed into their own kitchen and bathroom, the new occupants would make sure to supply all the water and meals the prisoner needs. That is effectively what US food aid was in this case.
Something very similar was done in Scandinavia, Sami, Roma and other minorities were forced to send their children to "civilizing" schools.
Many lost their culture and language, and there were similar abuses as described in the video, there were however very few deaths. A small conciliation.
Same thing happened in Aus and Aotearoa (New Zealand) to Aboriginal people and Maori people. It's part of the coloniser handbook: take their future away from them by beating the culture, language, values and religion from the kids. It didn't work, but it left enough scars for trauma to be carried down the generations.
Sami were seen as "forest Norse" instead of their own people, like Kurds were seen as "mountain Turks" and Crimeans "swamp Russians"
There's a key difference the Romani are still despised
It's been done (or already-existing schools forced to be "civilizing") to the Jews often enough that even today it drives opposition to government involvement with schooling...
@@yitzhakkornbluth2554 no there are other things that drive opposition take for example ridiculously crappy curriculums and low standards I once ran into a teacher who believed that Austria was still a monarchy in the 1930s
Correction for 8:25. The last school to close in Canada operated until [edit: 1997]. The last school open was The Gordon Residential School in Punnichy, Saskatchewan. As of April 2022, there are 14 suspected unmarked graves at this site which are in addition to the marked graves. We are still learning of the extent of these atrocities.
the worst part is that some still deny that the graves exist
Good catch
Didn’t one in Nunavut close in 97?
@@GiordanDiodato beacuse the media for whatever reason tryed to paint them as "mass graves" when they were in no way that
@@saw7191 I stand corrected. As of a 2019 ruling Kivalliq Hall is now classified as a residential school until 1997. There appear to be a couple of different sources claiming different closure dates ranging from 95-97.
This topic should be a series and not a one shot. The victims and thier families deserve that much.
What exactly will they gain from remembring a painful pass?
Or
What exactly will a youtube video do to help them in anyway?
Just goes to show pple are making money from what they endured(yes the youtube video is monetized)
@@techcomments7348 and it should be. spreading awareness to prevent something similar, to what I just watched, happen somewhere else is a solid reason for them to earn payment from this.
As long as schools still practice similar draconian methods like this, I will support anything that brings up this kind of painful past.
@@Skar12121 i get what you're saying but shitty youtube channels should never use pple suffering for thier own gain.
With all the money this channel generates they couldn't bare to not monetize this video.
@@techcomments7348 Extra Credits didn't choose to do this topic, they were specifically asked/told to cover it by the sponsor. You can hear him say it right after 1:00 .
@@monkeymike900000 so we throw away morals for some cash?
Your justification just made it worse...they weren't going to talk about such a thing(which they shouldn't) till it was profitable to them?
Thank you for covering this. This horrific thing happened to my tribe and my family. So many non natives don't really know anything about this so it's good that your large platform will hopefully raise awareness of this issue among non natives.
My Great Grandfather was sent to Carlisle in 1916 and left 1918. He never returned home.
I grew up about 20 miles from Carlisle and I never knew the history until today. We need to teach these kinds of things in our schools! This history cannot and will not be erased
I grew up about 50 miles away. I never knew it either.
the US Army War College is there now and they don't even acknowledge that the school existed afaik. I tried looking up a memorial and instead I found a plaque to Richard Henry Pratt.
However, they are gonna disinter some of the Native American remains there, so that's good at least.
@@GiordanDiodato oh my god that's where it was? I used to go to the war college with my dad when I was a kid. Disgusting
@@GiordanDiodato the graves are still visible from the road next to the war college
I'm a bit surprised you didn't mention all of the unmarked Graves at these sites that are being found in Canada. It has been big news the past few years and feels like many people are finally understanding just how bad these places were.
My parents are in their 50s. They never knew about residential schools, until the Kamloops(?) Mass grave made the news. Schools never taught about it, until around '99-2000.
In stark contrast, my sister and I were pretty matter-of-factly taught about the Rez school atrocities from around grade 3 on.
I've been told that they finally stopped making kids watch "the Indian in the cupboard" around 5ish years ago.
probably because they weren't unmarked. They just never bothered to file paperwork and used wooden markers which decayed due to poor maintenance. Besides the point is how abusive and immoral the schools were, not the fact some gravesites didn't have a marker.
Or maybe, just maybe they were talking this in the American context. Canada was sparingly mentioned...
Canada’s last Residential School closed as recent as 1996 in Saskatchewan and it wasn’t just America, England also benefited from Indian Boarding Schools with Queen Victoria herself.
Who has an *cough cough* active warrant out for this
Some of the worst atrocities in history were committed by people who genuinely believed they were doing it "for the best." That's something I think we all need to learn about and to remember.
There's a reason why, "the road to hell is paved with good intentions," is such a popular phrase.
Also when you believe you're doing the right thing in a position of power you're more likely to keep going instead of stopping until either it's too late or you're killed for it. "History may not exactly Repeat itself but it sure as hell does Rhyme".
Child Rapists commit the same contortions.
This is why power corrupts. Even if your intentions are pure, when you're given such power, to the point you start forcing others, you're going to harm them.
I'm also a Ho-Chunk Decorah and I can not tell you how much it means to hear my tribe and family mentioned in this video. Thank you
This is such an important topic for frank and honest discussion. Thank you for having the bravery to raise this issue for awareness.
This moment in history ( Along with the Nanking Massacre) was one of the few things in history class that made me want to stand up and leave class because I was angry and upset about it.
Wait till you hear about the Congo free state
@@scarletkingdom2359 I've heard about it, but not in the classes I've taken in school. I took a Native American history course and a Modern Asian history course. That's the classes I was talking about.
@@jsmoothd654 ok, but that event will forever haunt me, despite it taking place 100 hundred years ago (and the photos 😰)
Stunning and brave
@@misterwheatley1386 *Neckbeard has entered the chat*
I am so proud of the EC crew that they are willing to speak about this form of cultural genocide.
Like…the fact that some of us dare call these humble native peoples “savages” is just disgusting. I mean, I don’t believe in any culture being “barbarian/savage”, it implies there to be no culture, no decent values, no progress for themselves or others around them, just pain and brutality. Native tribes were never such a thing as barbarian, and if these colonizers were so civilized, they sure sucked at proving it.
As a (half) indigenous person, I want to thank you for talking about this topic in an educational and fun way.
As "fun" as this archaic and evil institution can be
Extra History has already done a ton of videos on African American hate crime history. Looks like they're crossing over into Native American history now.
@@maxleroux good
@@WhyGodby You know what I mean.
I think I should maybe edit it and change it to entertaining?
I'm curious is there still a native culture among Indians in America? Or did people like the man in the video succeed in their goals?
Oh this one is going to make some people angry, but I applaud EC for not shying away from history.
How
@@spartanx9293 Certain people get pretty angry when it is pointed out that history is not altogether proud.
@@spartanx9293 yeah, people nowadays get angry when you point out that, no, racism and other forms of oppression aren’t actually myths and that they did, in fact, really happen and still have lingering effects to this day.
@@TwoBears3 events like these are to be taken as lessons that we might prevent future wrongs
Especially some Americans with those supremacist attitude
One detail on the Canadian front. Our system was even longer lasting than the video said, as the last residential school was only closed here in 1998.
The video, understandably, downplays precisely how brutal these schools often were. In Canada, they could often see mortality rates from 30 to 60 percent, and that may still be a lowball estimate. And while later on the death rates dropped, all the other horrible things continued.
They were far closer to concentration camps than schools.
So i althistory i read about concentration camps to kill people of colour in america wasn’t so farfetched
Where do you get that from?
@@Greggah it's public record. There's reports from inspections, the mass graves being found at site after site, interviews with survivors. Even the heavily sanitized official records paint a grim picture.
It's incredibly dark rabbit hole of terrible stuff.
I remember learning about residential schools and reservations in Grade 7 and 8. My teacher (same one both years) didn't mince words, and I'm pretty sure went against provincial guidelines with the angle he took. He told us that we need to learn just how awful the world was to each other, so we could be the ones to recognize our own biases before we did the same.
I feel like this wasn't "approved" for the curriculum, as it was barely mentioned in any other grade, and this also happened near the 5 year anniversary of the murder of Dudley George. An event that occurred maybe a half hour from where I went to school.
i think this has gotten better, in my education they spent an entire semester in one class teaching about this. this was in bc just a few years ago
I grew up in Saskatchewan, attending school from 2005-2018. In a reverse to "right past wrongs," I was taught almost exclusively about many (not all) of the different ways Colomizers abused and destroyed Native culture every single year. By grade 12, every boy loudly opposed being taught things we had learned back in elementary school.
While the focus on this was somewhat detrimental in regards to understanding the world, it at least taught about this horrible history that should never be repeated.
My biggest issue with it, however, is aboriginal kids in public school never learn about their culture through their curriculum. They only learn that it was destroyed. How is awareness going to better the lives of First Nations people when there are no efforts to restore their culture and traditions?
Canada sought to destroy "Indian" culture. Canada should work to reinstate aboriginal culture into our society, not just on a reserve away from the cities. Money and "sorry" means nothing.
I barely heard of it til a college class after highschool! Maybe a small paragraph in years earlier, I’m glad it’s being taught now
my grandfather, born in 1940, attended an indian boarding school here in NYS. it's terrible the generational culture gaps it creates; neither me, my uncle, my aunt, or my mother speak our language because of my grandfather never teaching them. anything my mom knows was taught to her through friends on the reservation, even if she didn't live on it.
I truly appreciate the videos you all do on a wide variety of topics.
A reminder that this and worse is going on in Xinjiang, Tibet and Outer Mongolia at the moment. It's not a historical source of current trauma for people in these places, it's something that's going on right at this moment.
Yes and the whole point of "Russification" is the same thing inside Russia and on its borders. Tens of thousands of Ukrainian children were and are being kidnapped now. Similar things are occurring. If you read the Russian press you could have read that Putin promised that these kids will be raised to return to Ukraine to fight and kill Ukrainians. So in some countries new horrors are being perpetrated right now.
Same in Russia to Ukrainian children.
As a Native American thank you for making this and for spreading awareness
Denmark did about the same in 1950. Young children from Greenland was sent to Denmark and lived in boarding schools. They were forbidden to speak their native language and educated in danish culture and Christianity. They were supposed to be a new upper class of Greenland and “better” Greenland. Only this year an official apology was made to the affected. But sadly most are dead.
A book recomendation that i give for this subject is: 'An American Betrayal: Cherokee Patriots and the Trail of Tears'. Admittedly parts can be a bit slow but it is very worth the read.
“Listening to our Grandmothers’ Stories: The Bloomfield Academy for Chickasaw Females” by Amanda J Cobb is a great book about a school and it’s changes over a century.
My hometown in South Dakota had the Canton Indian Insane Asylum. It only recently, last 15 years, has been seriously discussed outside of my town. The site of much of the complex is now a hospital.....and golf course. In fact, the graveyard of asylum (which has no exact figure), is located in the middle of the course.
Very good and long overdue. I'm so glad that Canada (I'm Canadian and my last name is Pratt, but no relation) was included as a perpetrator of these atrocities. Coincidentally, I'm reading a non-fiction book by Tanya Talaga called All My Relations that deals with this issue and is difficult to read, but also very important to learn.
My family and I are descendants of the Choctaw Trail of Tears survivors, and I heard about the assimilation of the Indian children in schools, but I didn't know it was as bad as this. Thank you for helping me learn more about my ancestors!
The apology for the atrocity always comes long after everyone involved is dead. Then we move on to another atrocity
I see these apologies as pointless as it is long over. Tbh I don’t care about what people do to try to correct the past, what matters is now.
@@23Revan84 The event itself might be over but the lasting repercussions echo forward in time. And given that some of these abuses lasted until the late 90's it's not really so far in the past as we'd like to imagine.
These events destroyed the victims family structures leaving them isolated and broken. Of fucking course it's had negative impacts on their descendants.
@@23Revan84 your username says a lot about you.
and?
@@DeadMech1 and where it has got them hmmm? Broken and poor, where they can’t even help themselves. Let this go away so we can start anew, like my grandmother said, just leave it alone it is in the past.
When I heard stories on the news about the discovery of a new cemetery for one of these schools in the U.S. or Canada I used to think "Yes this is sad, and what happened there was terrible, but is it really such a big deal?" This video opened my eyes and I can definitely see now why people now would care so much about these discoveries. Thank you for helping me to understand the true horrors of what happened, and why I should care about these news stories.
Dude imagine being taken away from your family and culture just to be named Humphrey
Imagine being taken away from your family and culture just to be named Arminius, and then ambushing your captors with some friends at forest called Teutoberg.
And then your captors’ empire finally disappearing.
Eerily similar things were done to Sámi people in Scandinavia. People were taken from their families, forced into similarly abusive residential schools, made to abandon their languages and culture and convert to Christianity. Not as many died thankfully, but the damage to Sámi culture is potentially irreversible. Although many Sámi are trying to reconnect now, to speak their own language and partake in their own culture, a lot of stuff is just lost forever because it was never written down before colonisation. It's horrific how common practices like this are as a part of colonisation, and yet some people still claim to this day that cultural genocide is "not that bad", or deny it's even a thing at all, despite the very visible damage it does to people and the generational trauma it causes to survivors and their descendants.
Sámi people came to Standing Rock, Indigenous people all over are connecting as we face many of the same struggles
@@garyindiana2127 Sámi even got screwed over by the American government too. They were invited to teach native people reindeer herding in alaska (I think?), and then the government suddenly made reindeer herding illegal, leaving a lot of sámi people suddenly stranded in a foreign country with no income or livelihood. I'd suppose native solidarity was probably extremely helpful to them then, in terms of helping them survive after that or returning home.
I want to thank you for addressing this topic as it was much needed during this time
I feel like I have no connection to my race because of this exact point in history, My great grandpa was wanted my the American Government for war crimes after the American Indian war, he decided rather than send his kids to boarding schools and turn himself in he took his 8 kids and wife and moved NW, stopped using our last name and changed it to a Spanish one claiming themselves Mexican in the new state. Thank you for covering this topic, it's often overlooked by many.
Thank you for this well produced documentary.
The more I learn about things like this, the more I realize people like Joaquin Murieta or Quana Park had a good reason for the things they did.
Geronimo
If it isn’t race, it’s culture.
Not much of a difference.
@@silentdrew7636 huge difference but ok
America will never succeed where Rome failed.
One of my classmates in college was a survivor of the last residential school in Canada which closed in 1996. Coincidentally, I met her in one of my electives about issues faced by indigenous people and communities in Canada.
A dark chapter of history too many would like to sweep under the carpet. Good on you to speak about it.
This is just so infuriating. The fact that this happened and was actually seen as humane just makes me boil (I really don't know how to describe it). It's so unimaginable to me (coming from a country where people really don't give a damn for your race because we're all equally fucked)
It is considered humane when you consider the context a lot of people wanted to straight up exterminate them
It’s actually not that unimaginable. Once you consider:
1. How slow information traveled
2. How Americans paid little, if any, attention to Natives Americans (most Americans would live and die never having met a single Native American)
3. General apathy from the American People regarding the plight of minorities (not hatred, just a majority consensus of “It doesn’t effect me, so why should I care” mixed with “I’m glad it’s not me”)
4. How the idea sounded good on paper (one paper they sounded like a place that taught natives how to integrate into American society, and this sounded similar to the schools set up in cities that taught immigrants from Europe how to be American and those turned out great)
The average American worker, upon hearing about these places from the bias newspaper, would have, at best, thought to himself “Good for them.” And then would have gone back to work and daily routine.
Thank you for doing a video on this. The cultural genocide of indigenous people the world over rarely gets addressed and needs more attention.
Thank you for talking about this it is important to teach people about this.
My family and friends at the Native American Rights Fund have been fighting to rectify this issue for years and I am proud of the work that have done for our community thus so far.
Never has the saying “The road to hell is paved with good intentions” embodied a person more than Pratt.
This is terrifyingly similar to the stolen generations that happened in australia around the same time. truly horrible things.
This is cool. My US history teacher just went over this with my class. Thanks for the great content!
The TH-cam channel, The Fifth Estate, has a series of videos about some of the boarding schools in Canada, and other injustices upon indigenous persons mostly in Canada. My first two years of college, when the Institute of American Indian Arts shared a campus with the school I was enrolled at, most of my best friends were students at IAIA. Most of them hated it when I'd chew ice, because it "sounds like skulls crunching." I didn't understand that until about a year ago, when I first found The Fifth Estate and heard one survivor speak of watching a teacher crunch her best friends head against a tree. I now wish I had been more sensitive to my friends in college!
The last one closed in Canada in the late 90s, still haven’t found all the bodies!! My grandma went to one, the trauma is real
Thank you for doing an episode on this important topic. Today the Carlisle Indian School is home to Carlisle Barracks, home of the U.S Army War College. I loved their for a year from the summer of 98 to 99. My father attended the college. I do wish that you would have taken a moment to mention the resilience and lights in the dark of Indian School. Jim Thorpe was a graduate of the school and he was one of the greatest athletes of the 20th century. Even voted so by ESPN magazine.
it's crazy to think that this form of genocide continued as far as 1978. That means that people who experienced these abductions could be as young as 50
I was NEVER taught this in school. I wonder why. Thank you for always teaching me something new when I watch your channel
Sadly it was a similar story in Australia. The Stolen Generations. But at least we did away with it by 1969, I can't believe it was still happening in the 1980s, so much for enlightened Canada.
I grew up 30 minutes from Carlisle and this is the first I have ever heard of the Carlisle Boarding School.
Most people back then and to some extent even today live by the logic:
'You cannot alter how you are born, but you can alter how you are raized.'
Raised or razed? Very different words, although either could fit here
I am ashamed to admit I had no idea about this 11 minutes ago, but now I'm crying (definitely the last nail in the coffin that broke me into tears was to know just how scarily recent this is)
I think that this is the first video that has genuinely made me nauseous. Not to say the other videos on racial policies, wars, individuals and the dark side of humanity weren't all disgusting and repulsive in uniquely horrible ways but that this kind of cultural punishment based reprogramming existed, that it was considered a GOOD thing / the good ending compared to being exterminated and that it continued until the late 1900's, very much living memory where individuals or the parents of individuals can honestly say they lived in a time where these sorts of 'schools' were around is stomach turning to the extreme.
Thank you for covering this, because atrocities like this can never be allowed to fall by the wayside.
"Are we the baddies?" comes to mind
At times, yes. And I'm sorry for that.
Everyone has done something bad, even the tribes.
@@23Revan84 that doesn't change anything. The crimes of others do not excuse our own.
@@FistoftheSnackBar who’s own? Unless you ran one of these schools or supported them you’re not guilty of their sins
I’ve been a Patreon patron of this channel going on four years now and it just keeps getting better. THIS was TOTALLY ENLIGHTENING…. So much I needed to know including about the real history of Alcatraz. Since this gross ‘school’ started in the American colonies why does only Canada have a First Nation People’s Month (June) ❓ We need this in the US. Like make it October and get RID of Columbus Day.
I agree, I loved their original intent (they wouldn't cover any history from after 1920), but I love that they're shifting to also shedding light on parts of modern history that authorities would apparently prefer kids did not learn about.
This is an era in history that really is not talked about today. I'm glad you guys made this video cuz now people can find out more about it
The last canadian school didnt close until 1997.
Its incredibly important that the public know the truth of this history. Thank you for covering it!
Sadly a lot of this kind of stuff isn't taught in schools. While I understand it is not something that is easily talked about I do think people need to know about it. We need to acknowledge that these kinds of sad horrible things did happen and happened more recently than some people may think or even care to admit. Ignoring and not talking about it isn't going to make it go away and if anything will do even more harm. THIS HAPPENED and the sooner we come to grips with that the better.
As an Indigi-mixed ikwe thank you for doing this video. Pratt also had his Canadian equivalent in Duncan Campbell Scott who was instrumental in seeing up the residential school system up here. He deserves to be pilloried too.
And one correction: the last residential school in Canada didn't close until 1996.
That is a wise decision to cover this tragic event in not just American history, but Canadian history as well. I have Cherokee blood on my mother's side although that is all I know. I'm sure the same thing happened to my family as well. But hate brings vengeance. If we go down through that path then we are no better than the ones who put us through this Hell. But love brings us together as one no matter what happens.
This is part of my family's history. I am a Mohawk Indian born in Canada. My family was hurt so much by the "assimilation" tactics of colonisers that my heritage was hidden from me for most of my life. Now I am an adult trying to reconnect with my heritage and ancestry. I would love it if you could do an in-depth look at these sorts of schools, especially Canadian Residential Schools, in a full-length series. I know you guys tend to make things a bit more lighthearted but I trust in the care you'd take with such a project.
Just a quick note for anyone interested. The last residential school in Canada was closed in...1996
Long time ago.
@@JDoe-gf5oz the USA's founding is considered 'recent' in historical lense.
@@gregrobinette8620 Not by human standards. It was a very long time ago.
There were plenty of other assimilationists, although most applied it differently. Vice President Charles Curtis comes to mind. A member of the Kaw Nation, Curtis was the first and only vice president of native American ancestry.
You guys make the best history Videos on YT
This is extra sad because you can imagine a version of this somewhat like Booker T. Washington's school that was done with respect for the students. Something like that could have benefitted a lot of people.
My distant ancestors endured genocide by extermination, those that came after suffered genocide by forced relocation, my grandparents felt genocide through cultural extermination, my father fought both direct and systemic racism and now I one the "7th generation" fight to walk that good red road for my own children to have a better life, just as those before me had done to let me live this challenging but beautiful life to this day.
♥
I never knew that there were residential schools in the USA too. As a Canadian, I’ve only ever heard about the Canadian residential schools that we learn about in school. This is tragic.
Just a note: in Canada, the system didn't end in the 1980s. The last residential school in Canada closed in 1996.
Let me repeat. *1996.*
Finally!!! I went to one of these schools that had "closed" and then basically did the same stuff but marginally less terrible up till the mid nineteys
I know of the original Carlisle school. Now it's the US Army War College. And they make no acknowledgement of the school. Nope, instead we have a plaque of Richard Henry Pratt.
Another part of the US' dark history. I understand the guy's good intentions, but his cultural views were horrific and just caused more damage.
Truly tragic, but in order for us to be better, we can't look away and accept this horror that happened and strive for better.
There are no good intentions, there´s only bigotry.
"Cant look away and accept"
THATS the probldm: YOU CANT CHANGE THE PAST
@@Swordphobic that would be incorrect if he was purely a bigot he wouldn't have cared at all what happened to him
"Today, of course, we can see that..."
Sorry, but I really dislike it when people say that. There were of course plenty back then too who saw this for the horror it was, just like there were plenty abolitionists as far back as America's founding. "It was a different time" lets terrible people off the hook and diminishes efforts of contemporary good people.
thank you!
Wow thank you for doing this video, I knew we had a residential school system in Canada at one point and that something similar was happening down south in the US but I didn't realize it was happening just as bad.
If you could please do an episode on Australia's stolen generation they have a similar story which should be heard
Hopefully I can just plant this idea in your head, but pleeeaaassseee someday can we get a Llewelyn the Great series? His conflicts with King John and just entire story are worth telling and aren’t really talked about outside of a few books.
So... About the under nourishment of the students... That's actually where we get those minimum recommended daily nutritional information on the back of your food packaging. In Canada they ran a study using native children to see how little you could feed them until they died.
Yep. Pretty heinous experiments. It's like something you would have expected from Unit 731 in Japanese-occupied Harbin.
A good teaching that comes from this event is that no matter how much good we believe we are doing, once you take away even a single bias that you may be sharing with your environment, you may look like a monster. You have to see things from multiple point of views, including that of those who are receiving your "help", instead of just projecting your beliefs unto others, and even then you cannot go around taking from granted that your idea of good is the only correct one.
Never ask:
A woman: her age
A men: his salary
The US: what happened to the natives
*happening
My grandmother went to one of these schools. It messed her up for life.
The system continued in Canada until 1998, not the 80's. And the trauma is generational.