Like 91 from me. Interesting video tony. I've just bought an Ibanez Q54 which I haven't put down for over a month and I haven't been that interested in a guitar or played it that much for 20 years. Oddly I have been looking to see the price of my old guitars which I used to own over 20 years ago for example Steve Stevens Hamer "Copper" version , Gordon Smith GS1, Ibanez Roadstar Steve Lukather model which have all gone up in price. Hindsight is something I don't think about but only if I'd kept any of them. Thanks for sharing this with us. Best wishes mate 🎶🎶🎶🎶😎😎😎😎
Yes I know, I can remember some of the ones I have sold since early 70's :( sadly they are long gone and some worth a bunch. We don't buy them to sell generally, but looking at the market there is an upward thing 'for the right gear'... trouble is, 'whats the right gear'? :) Thanks for watching.
Thanks for the kind words. My older video of this subject between the two is interesting too. I liked looking at this after the time and some of it was really eye opening as I checked it. Thanks for watching.
When I sell anything on the aftermarket, including a guitar, I just figure its value at that time is whatever the market will pay. Might be more/less a week, a month, or a year from now. Nothing I can do to change that.
Well, as you see its all about the 'right time' Had you sold between 2012 and 2021 (end) it was all pretty useless and flat and that's a long time. Informed decisions are always better than a guess :) Thanks for the post and for watching.
I would not disagree with that. I have seen two models one went one way and the other totally opposite. It is a very good comment you made and it confirms the (in general) crazy 'throw of the dice' mentality unless you saw the part on the top 3 guitars later in the video. Thanks for the post and for watching.
Exactly... its all about what someone wants. Back at the time I honestly felt a bit guilty with the Dragon III and I never did play it because it literally had never been played, so ultimately it was sold. However, in the first place I bought it, and that says a lot. The work on the Dragon III necks closeup are staggering. Thanks for the post... appreciated and thanks for watching....
Each to their own Tony. Personally, I buy quality guitars up to £1000, use them live as work-horses, so no pristine showpices in my gear, and I'll sell for about half the price. That said, my guitars will have paid for themselves many, many times over within a year, and therefore giving far greater returns. Enjoying your vids, as usual 👍
My Ibanez RG550LTD was/is played since about mid 90's. A brilliant guitar (cost $500 used) and is absolutely the best guitar I own. There are sories to many of mine as to how I 'ended up' with them :) but I like each one. I don't actually own any now that I bought for making money, and the single one I did buy for that I lost about $10k :( so these figures here are just basically examples and it certainly was interesting compared to the previous video I made before. Thanks for watching... always appreciated.
Thanks, lots of fun as always. Don't you think that these prices have quite a bit of lag to them, a long delay:) ? It looks like the 2021 prices reflect the COvid disaster rather than the post COvid boom. Meanwhile the 2024 prices seem to be also lagging about a year as "regular" used guitar prices have been coming down for a few quarters (at least here in the US).
Covid started here Jan 2020... and until end 2021 from about 2012 those prices seemed flat... I don't always follow the new prices these days so can't be sure, but a good point. Personally I think used are the best way to go generally, unless its something like that Gibson CS Spotlight I showed. I bought it because had I not at the time I reckon that would have sold very quickly. I do think on the used market that its so very dependent on exactly what the guitar is too... irrespective of the new price. Those Gibson 59's just rocketed to 900% - I honestly fell off the chair about that... incredible. But would I use one... probably would not dare, then I would be back to the Dragon III which I did not use, then sold because of that. Ha as if I have $/£300k lying around :) Thanks for watching.
:) well you might say that, but my guess is 'at the right price' you might. I did on the dragon 2002 and my buy price I think was great. I liked it anyway... but I know what you mean. I had a Custom 24 in 1991 that cost me (believe this back then) £3800 supposedly 10 top etc. etc. but in reality I do think they were hyped greatly at the time... maybe so now too because sincerely I would NEVER pay the £29,995 that the Dragon guitars are priced at at list. Thanks for watching.
Similar guitar's must be selling for those price's for the magazine to get it's figure's. The magazine can't just pluck those figure's out of thin air without a guitar being sold. You could advertise one of your guitar's for the book price and see how much interest you get. Look's like they are a still a safe investment judging by the figure's you read out.
Yes I agree, the list of guys that created the prices is exceptional and leaders in the industry... But I doubt I'll ever sell them :) Thanks for watching.
I'm currently on something else, but I'll fit it in somewhere and maybe play my 'Lightpipe AI' because that will highlight much about the guitar for what I actually play and the 'Lightpipe AI' track is published online... thanks for watching. My mother called me Anthony... the only person that really did... :) Thanks for watching.
the guitar market is a strange place these days. if you buy a guitar and expect to get your money back wen you sell it you are in for a bad time. other than extremely clean vintage American guitars from the golden era of the late 50s early 60s ..their is a market for rare examples of modern Gibson guitars but those are almost purely collectors peaces. collectors ruin everything! theirs only one more guitar on my list of must haves and its a 1954 les paul custom re-issue that is going to cost me around 6k$ used. that's a huge amount for me! but its a keeper i would never sell. but if i did sell it ide probably lose a few hundred bucks. if you want to make a good investment invest in hi grade firearms from antiques to about 1964. Winchesters Remington Colts sharps savage Henry S&W ..none of those guns are going down in value..and if you look at prices in 1970 compared to today you will see that the value has gone strait up. a rare pistol in 1970 might have cost 2 grand but today it will run you more than 22k.those who invested in guns early are looking at alot of profit wen it comes time to liquidate.
Sorta why I am not impressed with the boutique guitar's. Touch them and the value goes down. I love to play but I'm not into the hype. They can have them. I'll take the junk ones and make them better.
I agree, I lost substantial money on the Dragon III. There are no guarantees whatsoever really. These are good points. Some of these guitars are good really, but were flat for so long (2012-2021). Ha can't even comment on the guns side of things... but watched in sometimes online and some are incredibly high prices. Thanks for the post and for watching.
Most major American guitars will move up in value as the money, R&D, and interest favors imports for companies like Fender(Squire), Gibson(Epiphone), and PRS(SE) because of the low cost, quality, market, and ROI. Nice guitars!
Thanks for the info... but if you watch they were flat for many years.... except those three I mentioned. The Gibson roared ahead of all other brands and I was quite surprised about that really as those particular guitars had lulled a little bit, but ha not for long. Thanks for watching.
If guitarists didnt sell thier gear to Guitar Satan for 40% of its worth on trade it this wouldnt be a problem. No longer do I trade in my gear at a huge loss, what I do is sell my gear on a site and say its worth 1000 retail and all the others like it are price likewise, I will sell it a couple hundred dollars cheaper than the other 8 guitars just like it on that site and more times than not it sells in a day or two and if I bought it right I dont lose hardly anything, sell it fast, and get cash to fund the next GAS purchase. DONT sell your gear for pennies on the dollar to a store, have a little patience and in less than a week you can get almost full price for your guitar.
Oh I get that! I also when I sell anything I too look at the price around on Reverb, eBay etc and value the gear a little less... and it does sell for more than any trade in you're exactly right. But overall prices are being a little weird right now. Thanks for the post and for watching.
All lovely guitars but they are worth what someone is willing to pay for it. Good luck selling it for 25k I don’t see it going for anywhere near that but you just never know, that person may be out there.
I just don't know how a couple of bits of wood bolted together can be worth silly money its just WOOD with strings on crazy prices some of them fetch is ridiculous.
Yes the '7's' are really not that great... they 'talk them up' of course, but it made no difference for those :). The \m/ pickups are actually not bad though. Thanks for watching.
my strats neck has a Brazilian rose wood fret board and ill never part with it, so i guess its dollar value is kinda meaningless. ive had it since i was a kid and its time for a re fret as the frets are only about 25 thousandths of an inch off the wood..lol no more level re crowns left!
Question... do you actually notice the difference with the Brazillian Rosewood? A great question that I'm sure many would all have their own answers to. Thanks for watching.
@@tonymckenzieofficial the only real difference is how it looks, its darker than other rosewood and the grain is just a tad bit shorter slightly less porous at the surface. im convinced that rosewood sounds like rosewood regardless wear it was grown.
Not to knock your books reverb is the only way to get what guitars are currently going for it takes months for books to come out. By them the market has gotten even softer for sued gear of all brands.
Oh I don't know about that - did you see the list of their experts? Its pretty comprehensive I thought. And over the years since 2009 it has been pretty accurate from what I see... but that's also a good point you made too... so thanks for that... and for watching.
like abalone on wood? check out thorndal guitars. he did a les paul covered with 1000s of rhomboid pieces. eye candy? this will give you diabetes type 2. look for abi von reinninghaus on yt, playing the german national anthem. yes, we have one.
Great point... I mean, who has the start price of $300k for a Gibson 59? at 900% increase since 2001 there is not much out there that could compete with increases like that in many areas.. and don't even think banks... Thanks for watching.
Here's a shock for some of you ' guitar enthusiasts ' who call themselves guitarists, if you cannot play properly, you probably cannot maintain the instrument in the correct way. I have come across alot of pristine instruments but need a proper setup.. neck bowed, knife edges sharpened ( you leave knife edges stock, fools out their ) gibsons left incases now with problems. Fender strat plus models with faulty nut and trem maintainance. Hard to replace the graphite nuts on Stratocaster plus models, No surprise some couch potato created a book with guitar prices!!!!!!!!!
Something sounds wrong here? The peple that created the book are no 'couch potatoes' as you put it but some of the leading authorities on guitars and prices in the world! Their names are in the video if you check. And of course yes some might call me a rubbish guitarist who can't play - ho ho ho well wakey wakey: th-cam.com/users/shortsM8j0oa6nWhE . But you do raise a good point also. Some guitars just sitting in a case can of course have issues, but so can guitars being used daily and those used daily are more likely to get issues through use and/or climate issues. So best to raise the point that helps guys and steady on the couch potato issues :). Thanks but no couch potatoes here...
@@tonymckenzieofficial No need for the link Tony my comments were not about yourself, however I noticed over the years members of internet forums releasing books. I also notice whilst frequenting the instrument shops self belief of people self valuations of their instruments, I own an old Gov'nor stompbox.. the first comment out a fools mouth is the apparent value of it so it must be good!!!!!! Nope it's okay, its only a booster, I said a Ts-9 is better overdrive. Then numerous people say ' that's ts-9 is worth!!!' deluded the same as those who harp on about a football or basball game talking about it rather than playing or playing their instrument!!!!!!! Sorry but the expression Cxxk Wombles applies to a lot of people. Recently I obtained a guitar for half its sale price in 1995 rg6 series.. the guy couldn't play. Best one is people buying Marshall jcm heads trying to sell me one or two.. I had to say go bother another fool to buy your stack.. if you cannot use it you shouldn't have bought it!!
@@tonymckenzieofficial I never said you were a couch potato, but their seems to be alot of people who purchased music gear they are not capable of using and believe it the price only goes up as though they and that they are ' David Dixkinson ' mentality, - ooh look I have a Fender strat plus it worth 12-1700 pounds- nope!!! It's not an investment unless the instrument was used on an actual recording that had air play!!!!!!! I blame guitar Magazines, ooh look vintage guitar. Not much about playing guitar as they used to be!
20 percent sales tax is a crime...i know you English get a lot for your taxes and you damn well should. As far as the guitars value is concerned, I say if you got the cash and you like the guitar then buy it
Well that's true. But we suffer these days from paying the money, but then NOT getting the services they supposed to supply. Trust me you would be shocked about here. My taxes are at best sickening... and to be honest no one even cares. I should stop now or this could be a 30 page rant! :) But you are right - the thing about money is that it is just a key that opens doors... no more and no less. The notes are not worth the paper they are written on and the 'promise to pay the bearer' is even being dumped with stores that won't take cash any more!. Thanks for the post and for watching...
Great video, as usual!! To me, a guitar is worth the joy it offers to the players. Nothing more, nothing less.
Oh I agree of course. The guitars are really so personal too... my 'best' one is a $500 Ibanez! Thanks for watching.
@@tonymckenzieofficial I only whisper which one is my favorite, so as not to make the others jealous !!!
Like 91 from me. Interesting video tony. I've just bought an Ibanez Q54 which I haven't put down for over a month and I haven't been that interested in a guitar or played it that much for 20 years. Oddly I have been looking to see the price of my old guitars which I used to own over 20 years ago for example Steve Stevens Hamer "Copper" version , Gordon Smith GS1, Ibanez Roadstar Steve Lukather model which have all gone up in price. Hindsight is something I don't think about but only if I'd kept any of them. Thanks for sharing this with us. Best wishes mate 🎶🎶🎶🎶😎😎😎😎
Yes I know, I can remember some of the ones I have sold since early 70's :( sadly they are long gone and some worth a bunch. We don't buy them to sell generally, but looking at the market there is an upward thing 'for the right gear'... trouble is, 'whats the right gear'? :) Thanks for watching.
A geat video with huges explanations. Excellent analysis!
Thanks for the kind words. My older video of this subject between the two is interesting too. I liked looking at this after the time and some of it was really eye opening as I checked it. Thanks for watching.
When I sell anything on the aftermarket, including a guitar, I just figure its value at that time is whatever the market will pay. Might be more/less a week, a month, or a year from now. Nothing I can do to change that.
Well, as you see its all about the 'right time' Had you sold between 2012 and 2021 (end) it was all pretty useless and flat and that's a long time. Informed decisions are always better than a guess :) Thanks for the post and for watching.
Great video. The PRS market is extremely particular... one that I wouldn't play
I would not disagree with that. I have seen two models one went one way and the other totally opposite. It is a very good comment you made and it confirms the (in general) crazy 'throw of the dice' mentality unless you saw the part on the top 3 guitars later in the video. Thanks for the post and for watching.
Tony - that guitar is a keeper. Both myself and the wife love the PRS dragon guitar :-)
Exactly... its all about what someone wants. Back at the time I honestly felt a bit guilty with the Dragon III and I never did play it because it literally had never been played, so ultimately it was sold. However, in the first place I bought it, and that says a lot. The work on the Dragon III necks closeup are staggering. Thanks for the post... appreciated and thanks for watching....
Each to their own Tony. Personally, I buy quality guitars up to £1000, use them live as work-horses, so no pristine showpices in my gear, and I'll sell for about half the price. That said, my guitars will have paid for themselves many, many times over within a year, and therefore giving far greater returns.
Enjoying your vids, as usual 👍
My Ibanez RG550LTD was/is played since about mid 90's. A brilliant guitar (cost $500 used) and is absolutely the best guitar I own. There are sories to many of mine as to how I 'ended up' with them :) but I like each one. I don't actually own any now that I bought for making money, and the single one I did buy for that I lost about $10k :( so these figures here are just basically examples and it certainly was interesting compared to the previous video I made before. Thanks for watching... always appreciated.
Thanks, lots of fun as always. Don't you think that these prices have quite a bit of lag to them, a long delay:) ? It looks like the 2021 prices reflect the COvid disaster rather than the post COvid boom. Meanwhile the 2024 prices seem to be also lagging about a year as "regular" used guitar prices have been coming down for a few quarters (at least here in the US).
Covid started here Jan 2020... and until end 2021 from about 2012 those prices seemed flat... I don't always follow the new prices these days so can't be sure, but a good point. Personally I think used are the best way to go generally, unless its something like that Gibson CS Spotlight I showed. I bought it because had I not at the time I reckon that would have sold very quickly. I do think on the used market that its so very dependent on exactly what the guitar is too... irrespective of the new price. Those Gibson 59's just rocketed to 900% - I honestly fell off the chair about that... incredible. But would I use one... probably would not dare, then I would be back to the Dragon III which I did not use, then sold because of that. Ha as if I have $/£300k lying around :) Thanks for watching.
Tony you would never see me spending a brass rar zoo on a PRS !!! Price Reserved for Stooges!!
:) well you might say that, but my guess is 'at the right price' you might. I did on the dragon 2002 and my buy price I think was great. I liked it anyway... but I know what you mean. I had a Custom 24 in 1991 that cost me (believe this back then) £3800 supposedly 10 top etc. etc. but in reality I do think they were hyped greatly at the time... maybe so now too because sincerely I would NEVER pay the £29,995 that the Dragon guitars are priced at at list. Thanks for watching.
Always interesting.
Well thanks for watching.
Similar guitar's must be selling for those price's for the magazine to get it's figure's.
The magazine can't just pluck those figure's out of thin air without a guitar being sold.
You could advertise one of your guitar's for the book price and see how much interest you get.
Look's like they are a still a safe investment judging by the figure's you read out.
Yes I agree, the list of guys that created the prices is exceptional and leaders in the industry... But I doubt I'll ever sell them :) Thanks for watching.
When a jam video, Tony? I enjoy that. By the way, my name is Tony also.😎
I'm currently on something else, but I'll fit it in somewhere and maybe play my 'Lightpipe AI' because that will highlight much about the guitar for what I actually play and the 'Lightpipe AI' track is published online... thanks for watching. My mother called me Anthony... the only person that really did... :) Thanks for watching.
the guitar market is a strange place these days. if you buy a guitar and expect to get your money back wen you sell it you are in for a bad time. other than extremely clean vintage American guitars from the golden era of the late 50s early 60s ..their is a market for rare examples of modern Gibson guitars but those are almost purely collectors peaces. collectors ruin everything! theirs only one more guitar on my list of must haves and its a 1954 les paul custom re-issue that is going to cost me around 6k$ used. that's a huge amount for me! but its a keeper i would never sell. but if i did sell it ide probably lose a few hundred bucks. if you want to make a good investment invest in hi grade firearms from antiques to about 1964. Winchesters Remington Colts sharps savage Henry S&W ..none of those guns are going down in value..and if you look at prices in 1970 compared to today you will see that the value has gone strait up. a rare pistol in 1970 might have cost 2 grand but today it will run you more than 22k.those who invested in guns early are looking at alot of profit wen it comes time to liquidate.
Sorta why I am not impressed with the boutique guitar's. Touch them and the value goes down. I love to play but I'm not into the hype. They can have them. I'll take the junk ones and make them better.
I agree, I lost substantial money on the Dragon III. There are no guarantees whatsoever really. These are good points. Some of these guitars are good really, but were flat for so long (2012-2021). Ha can't even comment on the guns side of things... but watched in sometimes online and some are incredibly high prices. Thanks for the post and for watching.
Most major American guitars will move up in value as the money, R&D, and interest favors imports for companies like Fender(Squire), Gibson(Epiphone), and PRS(SE) because of the low cost, quality, market, and ROI. Nice guitars!
Thanks for the info... but if you watch they were flat for many years.... except those three I mentioned. The Gibson roared ahead of all other brands and I was quite surprised about that really as those particular guitars had lulled a little bit, but ha not for long. Thanks for watching.
If guitarists didnt sell thier gear to Guitar Satan for 40% of its worth on trade it this wouldnt be a problem. No longer do I trade in my gear at a huge loss, what I do is sell my gear on a site and say its worth 1000 retail and all the others like it are price likewise, I will sell it a couple hundred dollars cheaper than the other 8 guitars just like it on that site and more times than not it sells in a day or two and if I bought it right I dont lose hardly anything, sell it fast, and get cash to fund the next GAS purchase. DONT sell your gear for pennies on the dollar to a store, have a little patience and in less than a week you can get almost full price for your guitar.
Oh I get that! I also when I sell anything I too look at the price around on Reverb, eBay etc and value the gear a little less... and it does sell for more than any trade in you're exactly right. But overall prices are being a little weird right now. Thanks for the post and for watching.
All lovely guitars but they are worth what someone is willing to pay for it. Good luck selling it for 25k I don’t see it going for anywhere near that but you just never know, that person may be out there.
Oh they are I know that. Maybe a little move down... but I doubt to the $8500 it was at in 2021 which really WAS scary! :) Thanks for watching.
I just don't know how a couple of bits of wood bolted together can be worth silly money its just WOOD with strings on crazy prices some of them fetch is ridiculous.
I do agree... my 'best' guitar is an Ibanez RG550LTD for $500 in the 1990's and that price included shipping to the UK from USA! Thanks for watching.
Not liking the PRS pickups isn't a surprise.
Yes the '7's' are really not that great... they 'talk them up' of course, but it made no difference for those :). The \m/ pickups are actually not bad though. Thanks for watching.
my strats neck has a Brazilian rose wood fret board and ill never part with it, so i guess its dollar value is kinda meaningless. ive had it since i was a kid and its time for a re fret as the frets are only about 25 thousandths of an inch off the wood..lol no more level re crowns left!
Question... do you actually notice the difference with the Brazillian Rosewood? A great question that I'm sure many would all have their own answers to. Thanks for watching.
@@tonymckenzieofficial the only real difference is how it looks, its darker than other rosewood and the grain is just a tad bit shorter slightly less porous at the surface. im convinced that rosewood sounds like rosewood regardless wear it was grown.
Not to knock your books reverb is the only way to get what guitars are currently going for it takes months for books to come out. By them the market has gotten even softer for sued gear of all brands.
Oh I don't know about that - did you see the list of their experts? Its pretty comprehensive I thought. And over the years since 2009 it has been pretty accurate from what I see... but that's also a good point you made too... so thanks for that... and for watching.
like abalone on wood? check out thorndal guitars. he did a les paul covered with 1000s of rhomboid pieces. eye candy? this will give you diabetes type 2. look for abi von reinninghaus on yt, playing the german national anthem. yes, we have one.
Thanks for the info... and I'll have a look. Of course you have a national anthem and why not... and thanks for watching too.
flooded market, poor economy. The guys with yachts are doing fine, the guys working those yachts, not so much
Great point... I mean, who has the start price of $300k for a Gibson 59? at 900% increase since 2001 there is not much out there that could compete with increases like that in many areas.. and don't even think banks... Thanks for watching.
Some nice capital gains there 😊
Ha I thought so too, but will I ever sell them? Probably not... so our government can 'get stuffed' pork roll... :) Thanks for watching.
Here's a shock for some of you ' guitar enthusiasts ' who call themselves guitarists, if you cannot play properly, you probably cannot maintain the instrument in the correct way. I have come across alot of pristine instruments but need a proper setup.. neck bowed, knife edges sharpened ( you leave knife edges stock, fools out their ) gibsons left incases now with problems. Fender strat plus models with faulty nut and trem maintainance. Hard to replace the graphite nuts on Stratocaster plus models, No surprise some couch potato created a book with guitar prices!!!!!!!!!
Something sounds wrong here? The peple that created the book are no 'couch potatoes' as you put it but some of the leading authorities on guitars and prices in the world! Their names are in the video if you check. And of course yes some might call me a rubbish guitarist who can't play - ho ho ho well wakey wakey: th-cam.com/users/shortsM8j0oa6nWhE . But you do raise a good point also. Some guitars just sitting in a case can of course have issues, but so can guitars being used daily and those used daily are more likely to get issues through use and/or climate issues. So best to raise the point that helps guys and steady on the couch potato issues :). Thanks but no couch potatoes here...
@@tonymckenzieofficial No need for the link Tony my comments were not about yourself, however I noticed over the years members of internet forums releasing books. I also notice whilst frequenting the instrument shops self belief of people self valuations of their instruments, I own an old Gov'nor stompbox.. the first comment out a fools mouth is the apparent value of it so it must be good!!!!!! Nope it's okay, its only a booster, I said a Ts-9 is better overdrive. Then numerous people say ' that's ts-9 is worth!!!' deluded the same as those who harp on about a football or basball game talking about it rather than playing or playing their instrument!!!!!!! Sorry but the expression Cxxk Wombles applies to a lot of people. Recently I obtained a guitar for half its sale price in 1995 rg6 series.. the guy couldn't play. Best one is people buying Marshall jcm heads trying to sell me one or two.. I had to say go bother another fool to buy your stack.. if you cannot use it you shouldn't have bought it!!
@@tonymckenzieofficial I never said you were a couch potato, but their seems to be alot of people who purchased music gear they are not capable of using and believe it the price only goes up as though they and that they are ' David Dixkinson ' mentality, - ooh look I have a Fender strat plus it worth 12-1700 pounds- nope!!! It's not an investment unless the instrument was used on an actual recording that had air play!!!!!!! I blame guitar Magazines, ooh look vintage guitar. Not much about playing guitar as they used to be!
@@tonymckenzieofficial Hmm
20 percent sales tax is a crime...i know you English get a lot for your taxes and you damn well should. As far as the guitars value is concerned, I say if you got the cash and you like the guitar then buy it
Well that's true. But we suffer these days from paying the money, but then NOT getting the services they supposed to supply. Trust me you would be shocked about here. My taxes are at best sickening... and to be honest no one even cares. I should stop now or this could be a 30 page rant! :) But you are right - the thing about money is that it is just a key that opens doors... no more and no less. The notes are not worth the paper they are written on and the 'promise to pay the bearer' is even being dumped with stores that won't take cash any more!. Thanks for the post and for watching...
@@tonymckenzieofficial yep "things are tough all over." I always enjoy your reviews. Thanks for all your knowledge.