Cutting Common Rafters

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ความคิดเห็น • 442

  • @kindakylie4735
    @kindakylie4735 ปีที่แล้ว +108

    The first half of the th-cam.com/users/postUgkx3ICSK6nSknaL_45CU2NmFSoXjarGMDiJ book is everything about wood: types, tools, finishes, setting up shop etc. The second half is all about doing projects for inside and outside of the home. The color pictures are helpful. After reading a dozen of these types of books, this is probably the best overall (layout, color photos, plans). Only detraction is that many of the projects use a table saw/router/planer, which are usually expensive and take up space, so the plans are less friendly to newcomers and the budget conscious. But I know I can use a drill, circular saw or a jigsaw to make the projects.

  • @stoneyj1a1
    @stoneyj1a1 2 ปีที่แล้ว +13

    I've watched about 10 videos on this and none could give a clear way to give me the ridge post height. Finally a great explanation. Nicely done.

    • @toolsiesampat2737
      @toolsiesampat2737 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      It is so beautifully explained love.the video

    • @davidjones8031
      @davidjones8031 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Dude like always I'm late into this.. here's the most simple and fastest way to find out your king stud or as you called ridge post from your out side of your ridge pull back to whatever over hang you got for any roof mark it at the top of your ridge and set ahead then on that mark nail a 2x4 block 4 inches flat as close to half way of your ridge as you can get then do the same thing half-way or as far back as you can get with a common rafter set your rafters in place nail the bottom tac tops with 8 penny nail if needed then push your ridge up through your rafters so the tops of your rafters rest right under the 2x4 nailed to ridge fine tune to lay out nail at this point you can now get a number for king stud aka ridge post for any style roof without all the mathematics that takes longer not to mention if you get one number wrong you have to go back taking even longer by the time this guy finally figures out what that number is I'll have plywood an back paper he dose this the hard way

  • @mauriceescargot4948
    @mauriceescargot4948 7 ปีที่แล้ว +6

    There couldn't be a simpler, more straight forward explanation than this. Great teacher. Great content.

  • @harrygre60
    @harrygre60 6 หลายเดือนก่อน +41

    Probably the best Ryan's Shed Plans on building a shed is hardly found ever . th-cam.com/users/postUgkxcLVQopTIucrxiVRQA0khLGQEnDVKCSMG And Ryan's takes the mystery out of different types of foundation options, etc. He even shows how to build shed with different designs. Very comprehensive, covering different roofing materials, siding, etc.

  • @Zbskater400
    @Zbskater400 6 ปีที่แล้ว +6

    This is by far the most helpful and easiest explanation on how to layout a rafter on youtube without a doubt. Appreciate the time you took to make this video

  • @paulprice9397
    @paulprice9397 4 ปีที่แล้ว +9

    This was one of the most simplest explaining videos on how to.. some people just have simple teaching skills. Awesome job.

  • @gigi97011
    @gigi97011 4 ปีที่แล้ว +9

    And finally here it is, a video that explains how to align the rafter to the ridge. Thank you sir.

  • @robertrisk93
    @robertrisk93 10 ปีที่แล้ว +26

    I've watched dozens of videos on this subject. This is the best one. You, sir, get my like and my subscription. Thanks.

    • @shawnpa
      @shawnpa 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      True. He did it the easiest way thoroughly. That is the best.

  • @ReviewTechAFRICA
    @ReviewTechAFRICA 7 ปีที่แล้ว +87

    Lots of videos on this but most other guys are terrible at explaining. This guy is a great teacher

    • @juanyamandumoralesrocco615
      @juanyamandumoralesrocco615 5 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      M,

    • @danielbuendia1214
      @danielbuendia1214 5 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      yes
      he is the best teacher

    • @naui2
      @naui2 5 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      I agree I'd like to see more from him. Rake walls, hip rafter, etc. 👍👍

    • @Jay-tk7ib
      @Jay-tk7ib 4 ปีที่แล้ว +4

      He's not explaining how to do it at all. He's explaining how to make a calculator tell you everything. A framer needs to know how to do this.

  • @johnspencer1145
    @johnspencer1145 5 ปีที่แล้ว +5

    I know this is a older video but it’s awesome I’ve been a carpenter for years and never saw rafters explained so clear and easy thank you 👍

  • @seangray3265
    @seangray3265 8 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    You make it so simple! Thanks for your help and thanks for the concise instruction. This is the first one on rafters I watched. All others were not worth finishing. No fuss, No muss. Thanks again for the simple and direct presentation. I'll be coming back for more of your videos!

  • @obsanegassa9221
    @obsanegassa9221 10 ปีที่แล้ว +7

    Best instruction on common rafter framing. I tried explaining this to ppl who want build their own shade and they think it is rocket science.

  • @raymondgilmore9236
    @raymondgilmore9236 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Cutting common rafters is the best detailed stepby step method and example of how to, on the internet. Will you please develop another one on building a hip roof?

  • @travtaylor51
    @travtaylor51 8 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Really well done video. Explained everything perfectly, clearly demonstrated it all, and still remained short and to the point. Excellent professional presentation that anyone could follow.

  • @antonioandrearq
    @antonioandrearq 8 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Sir. You are one of the best Carpenters here on youtube channels.
    Thanks a lot for your excellent lessons

  • @jkrablin
    @jkrablin 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    Great job on explaining the rafter cutting. You have a great way of explaining - but not overly - and that is appreciated as some videos drag on forever. Thanks for posting.

  • @stevenebullock
    @stevenebullock 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    I'm converting a flat carport to a 4/12 pitched roof. Watched this video 1/2 dozen times, then checked my math just as many. Laid out all my cuts in my template piece, and it fit like a glove. Also used the story pole idea. Worked great. Thanks for posting this video. Huge help.

  • @EEJester1586
    @EEJester1586 9 ปีที่แล้ว +6

    Nice job man. Anyone reading this listen to this guy he knows what he is talking about.

  • @SkilsawDoctor
    @SkilsawDoctor 4 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    This was Fantastic! I learned more from this short video than I did from the numerous roofing books I've wasted a bunch of money on. Greatly appreciated! Maybe you can do one on complicated or multi angle roofs?

  • @canneddirt
    @canneddirt 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    This is hands down the best rafter tutorial on youtube. Hell, this even better than all the roofing books I have been collecting.

  • @artemioalonso2147
    @artemioalonso2147 5 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Great tutorial! Very easy to follow along, very well explained once you know the basics. I also liked how he teaches you how to use the calculator. He makes it seem so easy. Quick question, Do you have a video with this guy explaining how to frame a hip roof? Thank you. Awesome work.

  • @sadiemarshall6515
    @sadiemarshall6515 5 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Thank you so much for making this video! I have watched numerous videos on how to do this and yours was by far the best explanation for this process.

  • @abrishamiknight958
    @abrishamiknight958 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    It's incredible that there are videos like this online for free. Gold.

  • @gordonclark7632
    @gordonclark7632 10 ปีที่แล้ว +13

    One of the best and easiest to understand explanations. I am trying to learn as much as I can about roofing to build a shed and this explanation convinced me the worth of a calculator and those buttons things to put on the square. I am in Australia and we use metric so trying to convert 6-12, 4-12 into metric requirements makes it hard for a mathematical dunderhead :( Have subscribed so I can learn more. Thanks.

    • @ellynkwama8603
      @ellynkwama8603 5 ปีที่แล้ว

      Gordon Clark For quick convention on site I advise you to buy a tape measure which has both measurement standards metric and imperial.

    • @Jp-mk6hj
      @Jp-mk6hj 5 ปีที่แล้ว

      He's paid to comment in hopes real ppl will follow

    • @Jp-mk6hj
      @Jp-mk6hj 5 ปีที่แล้ว

      All 3 of us know damn well Google will solve most questions. Better luck next time.

  • @cmbespoke3699
    @cmbespoke3699 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    Brilliant video, just what I've been searching for. Lots of videos explaining common rafters but none of them with that critical HAP measurement added on to get the rise correct. Thanks for a great explanation.

  • @salpacheco2532
    @salpacheco2532 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    This is the best teaching I’ve ever heard on measuring and cutting rafters using the construction master calculator. Thanks!

  • @MarvOtis
    @MarvOtis 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Wonderful I could watch this guy a million times! Built many sheds and roofs using this method.Thank you!

  • @MichaelDavidHiltner
    @MichaelDavidHiltner 9 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    One of those videos you just keep watching over & over until you get it right and understand every thing that is talked about! As for the Calculator, you can buy at HD for $70.00 CDN or iStore for less than $30.00! (and can be shared on up to 6 iDevices!). P.S. With the App, you get instant HELP when needed! I also dnld'd the PDF Manual from the manufacture.
    Thanks for taking your time instructing us!

  • @pacoavila9864
    @pacoavila9864 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Love it, I've been using this procedure for years n it works perfect every time, best explanation on TH-cam though, thank u THISiscarpentry 🤝🤙

  • @williamsydnes5523
    @williamsydnes5523 9 ปีที่แล้ว +27

    That was the BEST explanation of how to correctly calculate the rafters ever! Thank you!

  • @joshuasmith1215
    @joshuasmith1215 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Speaking as someone who has never done this before, this video was the best and easiest explanation I have found.

  • @TigerNgtMare
    @TigerNgtMare 10 ปีที่แล้ว +6

    Great job explaning.. I can't believe how simple it is!
    Thank you so much, god bless you.

    • @michaelhartley11
      @michaelhartley11 9 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      even simpler using mm ......no need for a calculator

  • @ts302
    @ts302 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    The best rafter video. Excellent use of stair gauges and square to layout a rafter! Thank you.

  • @adam_becker
    @adam_becker 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    I have a working prototype rafter template tool that is in patent pending status that I will be sharing some videos around in the coming weeks. This tool will template a rafter on framing material for the ridge beam cut and the wall plate seat cut for any number of widths and dimension lumber. No more guessing, no more needing 3+ tools and a calculator. This tool empowers the DIY'er, weekend warrior and seasoned professional to cut rafters perfectly every time. One great thing I love about this tool is that you don't have to be a professional to build a roof now.

  • @wildflower9030
    @wildflower9030 10 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    My dad was a pro and this is how he did it. He never took the time to explain it so well though. THanks!

  • @buddyy11100
    @buddyy11100 5 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Best explanation and video about rafters on TH-cam. By far. Thanks!

  • @khalel0419
    @khalel0419 9 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    There's just no better way to explain how to do it than the way this guy did it i could say that he has been my teacher cause nobody wants to teach this kind of stuff and so easy

  • @DixieNormous1
    @DixieNormous1 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    I literally watched a dozen videos on here and this was the best one by far...

  • @DFW199
    @DFW199 ปีที่แล้ว

    Just watched a video that took 36 minutes to explain what you did in 13 minutes . Excellent video thank you

  • @taihuynh6967
    @taihuynh6967 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    I watched other videos over and over but only watched this once and it completely make sense. THANK YOU!

  • @art9230
    @art9230 8 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    Congratulations!!!! Best explanation I've ever seen!, Do you have a video explaining the proceedings on "how to frame a hip roof?

  • @michaeltemple895
    @michaeltemple895 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    This is the best carpentry video on TH-cam.

  • @StreetKingz4Life
    @StreetKingz4Life 7 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    i like this video i just have to study it over and over to get the hang of this calculation more clearly,so far from my point of view it's more understandable than other videos on youtube,thank you sir!

  • @tomconte8537
    @tomconte8537 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank you for putting this video together. Like others who commented, I went through several videos before finding this one. Best instruction by far that I've found on making rafters and especially on figuring the rafter beam height. After watching, I visited your website. Suspect I will visit it many more times!

  • @dickiebrown3110
    @dickiebrown3110 10 ปีที่แล้ว

    this is the go to video for common rafter layout. this particular video describes in detail the height above plate, what I have been looking for for weeks. Thank you for the great informative video and best wishes

  • @jstone1211
    @jstone1211 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    Wanting to build a gable roof over my deck and while I am a carpenters son I need some help. I watched several videos but yours is the best, detailed explanation using the carpenters tools. Well done with simple but detailed explanations. A+

  • @nuwaubunomics
    @nuwaubunomics 10 ปีที่แล้ว

    Great Video. The Instructor took his time to explain every detail. Great camera person to focus and follow the Instructor perfectly. Thanks.

  • @timwyld573
    @timwyld573 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Without a shadow of doubt this video is exceptional. As others have said there are loads out there but this one is brilliant. Can you guys do one on hip and jack or just one on hip when a 90 degree corner is formed where rear extension meets the side of the house

  • @powell2762
    @powell2762 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    Absolutely fantastic!!! I cant say how good that was to watch for a novice like myself!!

  • @captainh3831
    @captainh3831 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    This is the best and clearest demonstration of the process without unnecessary complications that I've seen. You are a gifted teacher.
    Just one thing though. With the exception of the seat cut, I would probably make my straight and angle cuts with a mitre (chop) saw. Thats just me, I prefer them over a circular saw.

  • @PJS_-xh8mp
    @PJS_-xh8mp 5 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Great theories explained! I used them on my project after watching.

  • @mikelessard7104
    @mikelessard7104 8 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thanks for the easy to understand video , I'm trying to learn some carpentry, also picked-up a construction master 5 calculator.

  • @omcgraw7
    @omcgraw7 3 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Thank you! I have watched so many videos on this topic. This is the first one that explains the HAP measurement and how it affects the placement of the ridge beam. So many other videos will cut an arbitrary size of birds mouth and do not tell you the implications it has.

  • @marine8347
    @marine8347 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Love it, I have been watching few other videos but none will talk about the rise so I can put the ridge beam on it and build the rafters, this video really helped me out and it got in my head and for that reason I really appreciate the help and time that this person took to explain to us/me !!! Going to be in my head forever!!!
    Very clear explanation about the mouth cut and overhang…
    7* reviews ❤🙏👍✅💯
    Love it, God bless you sir!!!

  • @gilbertmagana3947
    @gilbertmagana3947 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    Awsome, my construction teacher was teaching us how to do it with a speed square which is a little bit more longer and complicated in my opinion. So i did it this way and the teacher didnt even know about this. He was so amazed the birds mouth cut was much better this way. Thank you

  • @kevinteta5426
    @kevinteta5426 8 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    this is one of the best explained way of cutting rafters

  • @mentalvmaxrider
    @mentalvmaxrider 9 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    wow!!! Awesome!! Simple ish and very accurate.....I like your style

  • @fracpadilla
    @fracpadilla 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    This is the best video so far, well explained in less than 15min. Other videos take much longer and don't explain the whole process

  • @carlkoch6460
    @carlkoch6460 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    Excellent video. But I don't have one of those fancy calculators. I really like the demo of the framing square and those stair tabs. The best video I've seen about rafters!

  • @rpelizx9r
    @rpelizx9r 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank you so much for this video. I have been puzzled by this for most of my life.Can not thank you enough. You are a great teacher.

  • @SkillBuilder
    @SkillBuilder 5 ปีที่แล้ว +7

    Really easy to follow. You are good at explaining

  • @downhlracr
    @downhlracr 6 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    This is easily the best explanation of rafter layout I've ever seen. I keep coming back to this video. Thanks!

  • @MorTTime
    @MorTTime 10 ปีที่แล้ว

    Great video, well explained and well shot. Nice job, best video on this subject I have seen.

  • @santosjrz
    @santosjrz 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Boss man said figure up the roof for tomorrow…….. here I am in school without a book. Thank you master carpenter, a great video. New sub.

  • @pinarellolimoncello
    @pinarellolimoncello 10 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    That is a very good video. I have managed to do several roofs myself from reading books but it is always a bit more of a struggle than I'd like. Many carpenters use tables, and he uses his fancy calculator which I don't have. What I'd really like to know is how to quickly get to the correct rafter length using trigonometry to fully understand what is taking place as it still seems to have a degree of mystery about it.

  • @danielsteele7544
    @danielsteele7544 8 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    excellant teaching,do you have a hip,valley and jack video as well,I have watched several different so called instructers and you are the absoulute best.Thankyou Dan Steele Lake Station Indiana.

  • @hpodell
    @hpodell 10 ปีที่แล้ว

    Best explanation I've seen yet and the only one that explained how to find ridge height. Thanks.

  • @eledaedumers7961
    @eledaedumers7961 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    Good Job sir. I have used your basic concept to build some big buildings, sheds and small burn and they are accurately dead on.

  • @josephrapoza6453
    @josephrapoza6453 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    This is the best rafter video I have seen yet.

  • @danielsteele7544
    @danielsteele7544 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    The very best I ever saw in method.Great instructor a real credit to his teaching ability

  • @mohammadsakib4945
    @mohammadsakib4945 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    You are a star. Very easy to follow step-by-step instructions. Thank you for making this video. Any chance you could make a video to explain how to start roof timber layout for a 3m wide garage to the side of a house knocked down and replaced with a two-story extension for a three-sided hip roof.

  • @raganhayes4924
    @raganhayes4924 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    This is the best explained video ever on cutting Common Rafters.

  • @sambody8711
    @sambody8711 10 ปีที่แล้ว +21

    Great video but you really don't need a fancy construction calculator and you don't need to be accurate within 1/16. 1/8 accuracy is more than adequate for rough framing. There's a rafter chart on the side of the body of your framing square. It will tell you rafter length per foot of run for any pitch from 2/12 to 18/12 and with that information you can use a normal calculator and be accurate within 1/8th.

    • @stoutstaff
      @stoutstaff 7 ปีที่แล้ว +4

      Sam Body hi , sounds nice and easy. Could you explain exactly how to do this please ??

    • @jamesgoodwin2008
      @jamesgoodwin2008 5 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      I disagree. I like what he did and said so far as using the construction calculator. I use a book. That chart is confusing and not that accurate.

    • @REVerbtalk
      @REVerbtalk 5 ปีที่แล้ว

      Yea I have to disagree, no shade ... I prefer the calculator but the precision although we're talking that 1/8. You get enough 1/8 misalignment you'll end up with a lopsided roof I say lol. I like the precision. Just dials it in and keeps everything as snug as possible even though one will not see that 1/8. Hell your saw will cut an 8th directly over your line, that's why I cut mine just above it and hammer out the 8th if it's over lol.

  • @wilassguess
    @wilassguess 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    Fantastic explanation. I even ordered that construction calculator you used. Thank you.

  • @tylerwinecoff8414
    @tylerwinecoff8414 ปีที่แล้ว

    He did an excellent job at Explaining that. And then he pulled out the worm drive saw and I knew he was very serious about his job.

  • @landonlandon5533
    @landonlandon5533 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    I used a rafter app to make my rafters for some reason they were 3/4" too long. Instead of just cutting them and moving on I bought a constuction calculator and used this method, they came out right. Good informational video. Thanks

  • @hwydogg
    @hwydogg 8 ปีที่แล้ว

    I have viewed a lot of videos and you make it easy and simple. great job thanks

  • @carlosmadeira3530
    @carlosmadeira3530 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    I've been building since I was 12 years old post and beam rabbit hutches Barnes you name it I've done it and I got to tell you one thing the way you explained it ain't no better teacher out there then you my friends I enjoyed your video honestly keep it up and thank you

  • @GiantBuilders
    @GiantBuilders 9 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank you for taking the time for this video

  • @henryrodgers3409
    @henryrodgers3409 10 ปีที่แล้ว

    Excellent video . One of the best I've seen . Sure you could figure it out by hand but why should you . I ordered my calculator today . They only cost a few bucks . I like the story pole idea . Makes things really simple . Now I have enough confidence to go ahead and build my shed next spring . Thanks for posting .

  • @wvenn37
    @wvenn37 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    Most simple and clear explanation I've found on youtube

  • @78robjr007
    @78robjr007 6 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    you my friend are a gifted teacher ! Thank You

  • @josesandra1946
    @josesandra1946 10 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Thank you for this great explanations, but do you have any more videos on Hip and jack rafters?

  • @justamusta
    @justamusta 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    This is excellent and is going to save me time and money as I fix a bad room addition that a previous owner built on my home. Many thanks!

  • @sching8223
    @sching8223 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    BEST explanation of how to correctly calculate the rafters

  • @artperez1213
    @artperez1213 6 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Best video wish you could do one hips and valleys I have watched other videos but I only get more confused cause they don’t know how to explain like you sir thanks

  • @lennyadamowicz7642
    @lennyadamowicz7642 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Great job reminded me of my teacher at my Training Center! He taught us the same exact way but you did it better! 👌👍🏻

  • @michaelconstantin5731
    @michaelconstantin5731 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    Yes !!! We all agree that you are a Great Teacher!!! Thank you 🙏

  • @superbear617
    @superbear617 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    This is an excellent demonstration; very helpful. You can use a (free) on line rafter calculator. My only concern is his choice of a 4" seat cut. The rule is that the plumb cut cannot be longer than 1/3 the width of the rafter (1/3 times 5/5" = 1.833" in this instance). He may satisfy this rule in this case, but he should have checked. Otherwise, one of the best videos I have seen on rafter cutting.

  • @tonysegrest7576
    @tonysegrest7576 10 ปีที่แล้ว

    Nice job. Your video is very well put together!

  • @ddcoxgalaxie
    @ddcoxgalaxie 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    Simpliest I've seen for framing square-rafter layout!

  • @csmith6237
    @csmith6237 8 ปีที่แล้ว

    This was a great video. I'm about to rebuild/ relocate a shed and I have to put all new roof beams on it.

  • @deounb
    @deounb 9 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Thank you so much for this very acurate lesson. Cheers!

  • @garryc8744
    @garryc8744 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Brilliant demo on the rise calculations for the ridge board

  • @Klocaine237
    @Klocaine237 8 ปีที่แล้ว

    Right on. you really laied everything out very well. great teaching skills

  • @JuiceBanger1
    @JuiceBanger1 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    The best I've seen to date. Well done.

  • @bihlover80s33
    @bihlover80s33 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    Very simple and so easy explained. Thanks master for your video. Now, my question is: Can I use this way of cutting rafters of all sizes of buildings ? I recently get one of the construction industry calculator just for this purpose, because roof is the only part of construction I didn't touch ( never built any). Now I am very interested in this part of the house to work on. My first project is to cover my backyard porch with gable roof. OA run is 18'. Using your method of calculations I hope I will do it right way. Thank you

  • @ruchirag8469
    @ruchirag8469 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    Learned the ABC of a proper rafter. Thank you sir. Hats off to you.

  • @alanbernal7066
    @alanbernal7066 10 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    U r the greatest. Cool video thanks a lot. Simple steps.

  • @robertjackson2559
    @robertjackson2559 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Great Instructions!! Thank you! You literally answered every question that I had!