How Far North Did Rome Go? ⚔️ The Invasion of Scotland (82 AD) ⚔️ Part 1/2 DOCUMENTARY
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 10 ก.ค. 2024
- History documentary on the Roman Invasion of Scotland! Use code INVICTA50 to get 50% off your first Factor box at bit.ly/3rv3gtC!
In this history documentary we explore the campaigns of Agricola, the general who led the Roman Invasion of Scotland. We begin with an overview of the Roman conquest of Britannia. In these matters, we cover the role of young Agricola who was present at the Battle of Watling Street against Boudicca. We then see how he slowly rose through the ranks until coming to lead the legions in Britannia and being tasked with a new expedition to tame the north.
Watch our episodes on the forgotten wars of history:
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The Great Illyrian Revolt • The Great Illyrian Rev...
--Timestamps--
00:00 Intro
02:06 Context
03:53 Rise of Agricola
07:05 Governor of Britannia
08:36 War on the Ordivices
10:23 Invasion of Scotland
13:16 Ambush of the 9th Legion
--Sources and Suggested Reading--
Primary Sources
Tacitus, Agricola
Cassius Dio, Roman History
Secondary Sources
“Mons Graupius: AD 83” by Duncan B. Campbell
“Boudicca’s Rebellion: AD 60-61” by Nic Fields
“Britannia: AD 43” by Nic Fields
“Roman Britain: A New History” by Guy de la Bedoyere
“A History of Roman Britain” by Peter Salway
“Agricola: Architect of Roman Britain” by Simon Turney
“The Roman Army of the Principate 27 BC - AD 117” by Nic Fields
“The Complete Roman Legions” by Nigel Pollard & Joanne Berry
“Blood of the Provinces: The Roman Auxilia and the Making of Provincial Society from Augustus to the Severans” by Ian Haynes
“The Complete Roman Army” by Adrian Goldsworthy
“In The Name Of Rome: The Men Who Won The Roman Empire” by Adrian Goldsworthy
--Credits--
Research = Eric TenWolde
Script = Eric TenWolde
Narration = Invicta
Art = Penta Limited
#history
#documentary
#military
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What forgotten wars should we cover? Use code INVICTA50 to get 50% off your first Factor box at bit.ly/3rv3gtC!
Bar Kochba revolt, in 132
The Missouri Honey War
bro didn't actually suggest Boudicca ran a full revolt?
bro, she lost like one battle and killed herself lol might as well just call it a wee storm in a teacup
also, Celtic culture didn't start in Germany or Eastern France
try again
Julian's invasion of Persia?
It might be nice to have a playlist of all the failed attempts by Rome to defeat Persia.
Though it maybe possible to say Trajan beat the Persian, only for Hadrian (much overrated) to give territory up. Again, another war I know little about.
@@memofromessex sir.... I'm not sure you know how many times Persia also invaded and failed.
And I'm also not sure you know how many times Rome defeated Persia.
Just because we conquer it, doesn't exactly mean we want it in the end.
As an invader of Scotland myself, this was very insightful.
😂😂😂😂
So are you a Sasenach?
Uh oh 😎
A low land dog 😂
@@bombergun it begins 😆
The thing to understand about Agricola (whose name actually means "farmer"), is how his reforms and governmental decisions, designed expressly to prevent the kind of revolt that Boudicca had led, were considered very moderate compared to his predecessors, and a rare example of Rome softening its stance. Boudicca's savage rebellion had actually frightened Nero so badly that he had considered abandoning Britain altogether, and only an investigation by his most trusted servant revealed that Suetonius's tactics were likely to make the situation worse. Agricola's administration was considered downright conciliatory, by comparison.
The chills when it's said that the IXth stubbornly held out through the night...
Mona is now called Ynys Mon. So, the name, whoever named it, has pretty much stuck for at least 2000 years. There are still the remains of a Roman fort on Holy Island, which is where the Druids lived, which now form part of the town of Holyhead.
In Welsh Holyhead is Caergybi( Fort of Gybi) on Ynys ( Isle of) Gybi. The Caer here refers to the Roman Fort.
Greetings from ireland .. altough the romans never invaded ireland .. we have a spot close to Dublin along the coast called Donabate its never been excavated but it
Looks like a a roman fort with ramparts, also a roman hord was found very close by .. which may point to a roman trading port in ireland
We should appreciate his hard work to give us exact detail and exactly where these battles are and also for teaching a lot about the ancient roman Rome
Nice catch!
I would love a video about Suetonius Paulinus' invasion of Mona and the defeat of the druids right before he fought Boudicca
Unwillingly I have to point out one mistake in this video - Legio Valeria Victrix had number XX, not X. Otherwise great work, can't wait for part 2!
There is some very well preserved roman forts near where I live in scotland
What's great for people living in the UK, you can easily visit Hadrians Wall and Antonines Wall today.
Anyone notice it says "Pacific ocean" where it should say "Atlantic"?
Was it renamed?
I totally can’t wait for the second part.
Brilliant!! Am just reading Anthony Riches 'Empire' series. Really brings it home just how horrific the invasion was. Can't wait for part 2
The scots were quite the warriors, but they scary thing about the roman conquest of Scotland was the intetention of the emperor servus who was done pissed off having to come there considering he just beat the powerful eastern empire the Parthians in Asia. "The Caledonians sued for peace, which Severus granted on condition they relinquish control of the Central Lowlands.[72][79] This is evidenced by extensive Severan-era fortifications in the Central Lowlands.[80] The Caledonians, short on supplies and feeling that their position was desperate, revolted later that year with the Maeatae.[81] Severus prepared for another protracted campaign within Caledonia. He was now intent on exterminating the Caledonians, telling his soldiers: "Let no-one escape sheer destruction, no-one our hands, not even the babe in the womb of the mother, if it be male; let it nevertheless not escape sheer destruction "
Whoaaaa
Alas, he was killed there, so not successful in his case.
@@NathanDudani He was quite successful if he managed to bring the tough brutish warriors to peace talks and later desperation. He was a ruthless guy, a stroke of luck he fell ill and his son the infamous madmen carcalla decided to withdraw as he found no intresest in his fathers battles.
Rome never conqured Caledonia/Scotland and the Picts never sued for peace its like saying the Ukraine army sued for peace from Russia.
@@Valhalla88888 They didn't conquer it in the sense that they made it into a province, but they defeated the tribes pushing them to the far end of Scotland, where many tribes resorted to seeking refuge towards the mountains. The tribes revolted when given the chance and always relied on guerilla tactics which made it hard for the roman governor or general trying to bring stability at borders where high trade and commerce took place.
Wow, didn't know the romans reached that far north, and successfully so. Another awesome video, thank you for making it.
They did even more, if I remember right what I read. At one point later in these campaign they even showed their banners on the orkneys, but I think that was just very shortlived
They weren't successful
They literally failed.
I cant wait for the WWII infantry company video y'all are making. This video is great too! You did a great job Invicta!
Excellent work as always !
Seems the Celts could never figure out how to beat the disciplined Roman legions. The Romans on the other hand learned how to fight them after Rome was sacked early on.
Because the Celts never transmitted info among the many different tribes. Since Celts was a culture group and not any sort of nation/confederation, knowledge about how to combat the Romans would be hard for non subjects Celts to learn.
Never? Say that to the 9th legion. We still don't know where they met their end
@@kylewilliams8114 And "don't know" means "literally, the unit could have just been deleted during an administrative reshuffling." There's no strong evidence they got Teutenberg'd.
@@kylewilliams8114 Or if they were destroyed at all
Ehhh. Scots are not celtic, never were.
Id love a deep dive on life for the troops stationed on hadrians wall!
So very good my friends!
All of your presentations are very well done. And I am always eager for more.
Thanks for the hard work.
conquering new territories and expanding their empire was a key goal for ancient Rome. Scotland was seen as a potential threat and a region to be brought under Roman control.
And they Never Got scotland
@@knight0fren551 👍.
@@knight0fren551 For what, its too fucking cold up there
The advertisement was hilarious! The person trying the product did not look satisfied 😂
Terrific episode! ⚔🔥🙌
Will you cover Septimius Severus's campaigns as well?
I recently finished Septimius Severus In Scotland by Simon Elliott, it's excellent and I highly recommend it.
Great episode!
Awesome video guys
Love the artwork and maps.
I will support you by watching all of the videos for the algorithm. I cant wait for the part 2
Looking forward to part two...
Excellent work here
Great video!
Thanks for the video 👍🏻
Another great video
There was NO Ireland until the 5th century todays Ireland was called Scotia (Scotland) by the Romans and Greek traders, and the people called the Scotii (Scots) who it appears landed in the 1st century or before in todays Ireland and named it Alba or Greater Albian, later yes Ireland in the 5th century after the Romans left Britannia (below the Wall) it changed to Hibernia and then Ireland. Also there were no Scotland or Scots it was called Caledonia and the people the Romans fought were called the Picts, who are likely descendants from either Norway or Denmark/Sweden when a land bridge existed between Europe and Scotland.
they got pretty damn far but turned around eventually due to the midges
And the food crazed rapist sheep... And the horizontal rain...
Good watch keep it up
Great work!! Look forward to part 2. Are you gonna reference The Eagle at all? How accurate was that movie?
Great vid
Informative
You guys have really been having trouble with the algorithm lately. I watch every video and look forward to each and every one!
Yes it is quite hit and miss. I'll be trying to adjust our thumbnails and titles a bit to break the mold of our old style and try to stand out more. We are also looking to expand the topics we cover so things stay fresh.
@@InvictaHistory Good luck!
@InvictaHistory its no the 10th legion its Legio XX Valeria Victrix, in English Twentieth Victorious Valeria Legion
ah yes, thanks for catching that error
Oooh this is a lovely suprise
Nice video
3:10 *Must Remember This for future Crossword Puzzles !*
Woah rare Invicta face reveal during ad
Great videos as always but be careful with this 4:25 :D, you wrote pacific ocean Idk if you noticed.
great
Seeing the Roman’s face off Vs the ancient tribes in the Nordic countries (Denmark / Sweden/ Norway) would be been cool
Shadows in dust maximus jk.✌️
The "Frozen north"? He didn't campaign there midwinter I assume. Even then it's often milder & very wet compared with further south & east.
If I recall correctly, that would be Hadrian’s Wall
At 8:10 that was the Roman way, throw together whatever scratch force you can and strike straight at the enemy regardless of the odds. It often didn't end well, look what happened to Cerialis and IX Hispana (which was probably severely understrength) when they recklessly rushed to meet Boudicca's horde. At 9:00 dear me even in a video about the Roman military to misuse that word!
Man, right when it was finally getting to the point.
If you go to about 4:30, then it shows the Atlantic Ocean as the Pacific. Was this the way that the maps of the world were at that time or was this just a mistake?
Bro, you don't need to apologize for having a sponsor
Some things Never change even in the Roman Legions, The ARMY and MARINES' rivalry
It would be interesting if the Romans were able to conquer Scotland because of a later Anglo-Saxons invading and a conquering Britannia perhaps England and Scotland would have been under one banner and kingship a lot sooner
They would never have conquered Scotland mainly because such a remote area did not generate enough money for the empire
@@jamesschaller753 Britannia was also a remote area which did not generate enough money for the empire.
@@jamesschaller753gold Scotland has a lot....
@@KaiHung-wv3ulreally I think you need to do some research...Britain was rich in a lot of minerals.....
@@KaiHung-wv3ulnah we had metal and they knew it
May thou part 2 comthe early
Rome only conquered territory that would pay for itself as a minimum. Even Britannia itself was barely worth the silver- it simply did not generate enough money to cover Imperial expenses. Scotland was way beyond the financial minimum worth the conquest and administration of such a remote province.
Whisky had yet to be invented...
It would have been worth it if it hadn't taken a 6th of rimes military to hold it. Theu came because of the wealth but didn't recon on the people
True Story
The winners got the fertile plains the losers got the hills. Now look at the map of Britain.
Yeah well you don’t try to conquer a country for 400 years if it’s worth nothing what a lot of excuses
Why no mention of the Brigantes, the clash between Catimandua of the Brigantes and her falling-out with her husband Venutius? Similarly, what about Petilius Cerealis and his crushing of the collapse of the Brigantes, bringing it into the Imperium Romanum...??
Because their entire economic model was built upon conquering new territories.
Nope
@@gaffgarion7049 yes, without slave influx and loot economy would collapse.
@@gaffgarion7049 “nuh uh”
false lol. their existing economic and political model enabled their military conquests.
@@ozgurpeynirci
Sounds like the modern West: economies based on the exploitation of others due to a relative lack of resources at home.
Let's do this, bloody Lads
The Ninth Hispania really has terrible luck in Britannia, decimated by Boudica's Rebellion and then ambushed in Scotland just two decades later.
Yeah but it wouldn’t be the same generation of troops
I'm really more interested in how the hell they colonized these remote territories. What's the percentage of Roman immigrants vs locals in these cities? How did they incentivise Roman citizens to live in remote, hostile lands?
Being a Briton myself it sounds strange to hear about Romans invading England, Scotland and Wales hundreds of years before these countries existed.
A mistake here shows the Silures (and partially the Ordovices) having been conquered by the time of the Boudican Revolt. This was not the case the Silures were only finally subdued around 78CE, almost 20 years after the revolt.
Ave Roma! Excelsior!
They didn't go further enough.
Edgy french boy
So many freedom fighters died 😢
4:24 it should be Atlantic Ocean
Does the meal prep have goat curry and rice?
Whos behind this channel, a team?
Who does the art?
Man, they should put the credits at the end of every video or something.
Rome could easily put another 7 legions in Brittania and complete the conquest if they wanted to. Starting from Titus all the way to the end of the Empire, Gaul and northern Italia had more legions than they strictly needed for defense. Or rather, things would get hot in the 300s, but Rome was putting more legions there than they needed to. Why was this the case? It was actually to ward off extra competitors to the throne. Long before the barbarian invasions started getting serious, Rome had a considerable amount of force deployed against itself instead of foreign invaders. If province needs 10 legions for local defense but has 13, those extra 3 might make solving local problems easier when they come, but those extra 3 are really in case they need to move elsewhere and making local problems go away ever so slightly faster solves is a side effect. In an alternate world where Rome put another 7 legions into Brittania and expanded into Scotland, it probably meant a lot of the internal infighting was solved since that's the only reason they would dedicate so much manpower away from the imperial core.
Their 28 Legions were already insanely overstretched throughout the empire, and with most of them tied down on the Rhine, Danube, or eastern frontier, which was constantly raided, or garrisoning important provinces like Egypt. Many of the provinces didn't have any Legions. After the reign of Augustus and the early reign of Tiberius, campaigns with more than four Legions became increasingly rare, with the Judaean Wars and Trajan's campaigns being the exceptions, not the rule.
Yes but Britannia was already taking a disproportionately large amount of Legions for its size. And Rome didn't just go around grabbing territory willy-nilly, they did sober cost/benefit analyses. Though the economic benefit of invading Britain was debated, when they did conquer the south they quickly started farming and mining on a massive scale. Britain became one of the major breadbaskets of the Empire. What would be the economic benefit of occupying the Highlands of Scotland? It's little use for farming and the sparse poor population couldn't produce much in the way of taxes. There's no way the Highlands could even offset the cost of occupying them, much less have anything left over for the rest of the Empire.
Imagine if those 4 Legion's in Britain were used in Germania instead..
Why? Here's the reason:
TO FIND OUT IF THERE WAS NO BAD DEMOMEN!
Really it was an informative and enjoyable episode about Romans invading Britain 🇬🇧 and campaigning against Scotland rebellious....thank you, Invicta channel, for sharing
Romans needed farmland for expansion. Scotland is hardly "prime farmland" in Roman eyes.
Sorry to be pedantic, but Agricola was made the legate of the 20th legion Valeria Victrix, not the 10th
Because the Roman's agree with Longshanks. The trouble with Scotland was all the quarrelsome Scots
And like Longshanks they failed to take all of Scotland and what they took, they couldn't hold.
And the Scots failed every invasion of England even with superior numbers
They'll be fine, and home by Sigillaria.
And EYGPT
Think u could had just skipped the conquest of England 🏴 and jump straight to d scots 😮but overall a decent production.😅
Why
Why is there a "Pacific Ocean" on the map?
Ask the 21st Legion how far they got into Alba.
The Romans got as far as they cared to, anytime they wanted. The Empire was all about profit, and there was no profit to be made having Roman troops occupy the Highlands. Anyhow, Roman forts are found as far north as Elgin.
They discovered a Roman wall in the North Pole. It is believed it was constrcted to keep the Eskimos out.
Romans were literally worst nightmare of the Celtic peoples.
They started it.
they bullied almost all from Europe ,not just Celtic peoples...in high percentage...
the romans had to learn how to fight celts since the beggining because they ruled most of europe back then
The germanic peoples were the real horror
@@pipebomber04 Yes indeed. Even worse than Hannibal.
Can you guys return the old narattor? I think he is better
eh disagree I like both
I wonder if roman culture had permeated deeper intro Britain's people would the following invading peoples have then learned the romance language already developed instead of bringing their own
Isn’t this a modern map? - huge areas around Oxford were swamp/water/lowland
this channel rocks! It is nice to see history channels and the like take off over the years.. Seeking truth leads to God so, idk. Thank God for people uploading educational things to TH-cam! Without things such as this.. it would be some sorta bottomless pit? idk. that's a rather dark thing to consider :S the internet, a black hole. :D
The map at 4:30 mislabels the Atlantic Ocean as the Pacific Ocean.
Missed it by THAT much.
🇮🇹🤔When the Roman Empire came to Tanzania th-cam.com/video/-aomf7tL9Ro/w-d-xo.html
Do how far south in Africa the romans got
He new not to mess with the Irish ! 😅
Eh?
After watching this video, I really want to conquer Scotland in the upcoming Rise of Caesar dlc for Imperium: Greek wars!
Imperator map in thumbnail made me click
The Romans were beaten in Scotland.
Braveheart
at the time of the Romans invasion of what was termed Britain, England, Scotland, and Wales didn't exist as such. the northern tribes lived in what the Romans referred to as calodonia and calodonians and not scots who didn't arrive until the 5th century. this seems to be a common error when referring to the Romans combating Scots when in fact it was the calodonians.
Can you slow down the voice over a little bit? Good history channel but the slurring is a little distracting.