The keys to panoramic photographs and HDR panoramas

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  • เผยแพร่เมื่อ 8 ม.ค. 2025

ความคิดเห็น • 260

  • @TenPester
    @TenPester 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    I've learned more from your videos in the last week than I have in the last year. Thank you.

  • @blindbegger44
    @blindbegger44 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    about a week ago i started trying pano. also i love HDR, had a go at it, results not the best, i came across your tutorial by accident , and has answered the few problems i had, but also just made me realize i.m more or less doing it right ,and my confidence is well up..so thanks for this very good tutorial ...please keep them coming ..

  • @1942wec
    @1942wec 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thanks Forrest. I learn something with each of your tutorials.

  • @ForrestTanaka
    @ForrestTanaka  12 ปีที่แล้ว

    Yup; that’s a 460MG head. I don’t normally buy anything as specific as a nodal head, though I sometimes rent things like that. That clamp doesn’t fit the Manfrotto QR plate, but that’s what the reducer bushing is for. It’s threaded both inside and outside. The outside thread fits the center hole of the RRS clamp, and the inner hole thread fits the bolt of the Manfrotto QR plate, so they attach right to each other.

  • @ForrestTanaka
    @ForrestTanaka  12 ปีที่แล้ว

    That works with distant subjects and stable ground. But at least with my tripod head, it puts the camera off to one side which makes the setup a bit unstable, and it also puts the camera off to one side of the rotation axis, which for distant subjects isn't so bad, but could cause stitching problems if parts of the scene are close to you.

  • @GertJanMes
    @GertJanMes 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thanks Forrest for the great tutorial. Awesome portfolio at the end.

  • @sarahparsons2181
    @sarahparsons2181 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    Hello Mr. Tanaka. Thank you for the wonderful and informative video. I'm just learning about HDR. Your video is the best I have seen, please keep it up!

  • @ForrestTanaka
    @ForrestTanaka  12 ปีที่แล้ว

    I always use manual white balance because AWB can shift between shots - usually not by a lot for one scene, but it can cause some color shifts between the photos that make up the pano. If you shoot RAW, AWB is really never necessary anyway.

  • @ForrestTanaka
    @ForrestTanaka  11 ปีที่แล้ว

    By far the most comment question on this video. It depends on your tripod, but it can do two things: 1) throws off the balance of the tripod which can be dangerous depending on its footing; and 2) moves the axis of rotation far off the nodal point of the lens. If your setup is stable and you're only shooting distant things, that's fine. Another alternative is to use a lens with a tripod collar, and you can just rotate it in place.

  • @ForrestTanaka
    @ForrestTanaka  12 ปีที่แล้ว

    It’s called a “nodal slider,” and if you go to the Really Right Stuff website and search for that, you’ll find a whole treatise on the subject; really worth a read.

  • @AndyRosebrook
    @AndyRosebrook 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    Really appreciate all of your videos, Forrest, we share a lot of the same hobbies. Nice to see someone share all of this knowledge, thanks a lot! -Andy

  • @ForrestTanaka
    @ForrestTanaka  12 ปีที่แล้ว

    BGE6-L: L-plate for Canon BG-E6 grip; B2-Pro: 60mm clamp with dual mounting; reducer bushing, MPR-CL: MPR with integral clamp. On that last one, it’s a little too short for my lens, so you may want to try for a longer one.

  • @falsafayg
    @falsafayg 9 ปีที่แล้ว

    Great learning video. Very comprehensive and professional presentation. Thanks Mr. Tanaka.

  • @josefprekop1215
    @josefprekop1215 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    Perfectly explained! Great job Forrest! Thank you!

  • @FrankSD76
    @FrankSD76 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    Great video, Forrest! Thanks for spending the time to do it. And thanks for costing me 500 bucks or more in new equipment from RRS. Sheesh. Seriously, I knew I should buy more equipment but you've convinced me and probably saved me a lot of frustration. BTW, I thought I was pretty competent in Lightroom but I like your methods and will be switching a few of my own. So, thanks for that, too.

  • @FrCharlie1
    @FrCharlie1 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    You are a very good teacher. Thanks for taking the time to explain.

  • @RajendraKumar-ge9cv
    @RajendraKumar-ge9cv 9 ปีที่แล้ว +5

    Thank you for a very detailed, informative and nice tutorial for making Panorama images. What i liked most is, you might not need expensive gear / equipment to do panorama images. Also the post processing part is of very helpful thing and will help very much.

    • @kasonmarcelo1529
      @kasonmarcelo1529 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      Pro tip: you can watch movies on kaldroStream. I've been using them for watching loads of movies these days.

    • @eliseoemery3767
      @eliseoemery3767 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      @Kason Marcelo yea, I have been using Kaldrostream for since december myself :D

  • @ChumyMototo
    @ChumyMototo 8 ปีที่แล้ว

    It's called the "Nodal Rail" (track 9:37), today, it has a 20mm length which is good for a much longer zoom lenses . The one you're holding I think is a 130 or 150mm.

  • @wahabdilawar
    @wahabdilawar 8 ปีที่แล้ว

    This is the best panorama tutorial online. Thank you so much.

  • @ForrestTanaka
    @ForrestTanaka  11 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    I usually use Lightroom to clean up noise. Nik software has a noise-reduction plugin as well.

  • @HemantSanghvi
    @HemantSanghvi 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank you for the wonderful and informative video. I'm just learning about Panorama on DSLR. I have done on P&S Canon Camera but for DSLR Your video is the best I have seen, ever .Thank you so much for sharing...once again GR8 Video..

  • @peteranderson3644
    @peteranderson3644 10 ปีที่แล้ว

    Excellent presentation and understandable to we non technical types; except for the racy PS descriptions, which I don't possess. Learnt heaps from this presentation Have put the site on my favourites as I have also learned from the comments
    Thanks Forrest

  • @cjlovenstad
    @cjlovenstad 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank you for making this great video. It gave me loads of inspiration and I now look forward to try pano and HDR pano shots again. Keep posting, loads to learn from you,

  • @rrrteng
    @rrrteng 10 ปีที่แล้ว

    Well done.I was been there a few years ago,and the weather is calm.The picture you had done need to go to photoshop to enhance the HDR technique.

  • @ForrestTanaka
    @ForrestTanaka  12 ปีที่แล้ว

    I wasn't planning any more iPhone photography videos. The view count on that video seems to say it wasn’t that popular, and anyway I’m not sure what else to talk about WRT iPhone photography.

  • @JohnSolitude
    @JohnSolitude 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    Very educative. First time I see a clear description on combining HDR with panorama. Info about parallax is new to me. I wonder if you could also combine HDR with focus stacking (exposing the landscape in focus from front to back).. Might be a challenge, would love to see your take on it.

  • @EricksonSoundLabs
    @EricksonSoundLabs 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank you for the passionate and clear video! GREAT WORK!

  • @psillyme1
    @psillyme1 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    You just motivated me to get on some of my panoramas. LoL. Thanks! Messing around with photo enhancing is great.

  • @ForrestTanaka
    @ForrestTanaka  12 ปีที่แล้ว

    Yes, and in a pinch I do just that. But typically that puts the camera off to the side of the axis of rotation, which isn’t bad if your subject is reasonably far. But worse it just makes the whole camera / tripod assembly a little off balance.

  • @lundyhill3012
    @lundyhill3012 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    AWESOME!! thanks - you taught me alot. I wanna try it now. Do you have show notes which list the items you used?

  • @ForrestTanaka
    @ForrestTanaka  12 ปีที่แล้ว

    I’m not familiar with Hugin. But I figure it’s easy enough to simply use M mode and keep the exposure the same throughout the entire pano, unless you’re using a camera without an M mode, like a cell phone or something. Also, the brightness of a scene could change as you point the camera in different directions. Something that corrects exposure could remove that effect, either to good or bad effect.

  • @ForrestTanaka
    @ForrestTanaka  12 ปีที่แล้ว

    The nodal slider and L-bracket are from Really Right Stuff. Googling that will take you right there.

  • @MrVoayer
    @MrVoayer 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    Mr. Tanaka
    Your videos are of great educational value. Thank you for sharing your knowledge and your experiance.
    Kind regards and sincerely best wishes.

  • @brucefairman517
    @brucefairman517 11 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Great idea about shooting in portrait position. I have a Manfrotto tripod with 498RC2 ball head that allows me to tip the camera to portrait position. I can then unlock the head and rotate for doing the pano shots. Will this be satisfactory or is it important to have the camera centered over the tripod centre? I have been using AF metering mode rather than Manual. Do you see problems in this with the lighting? Thanks for your advice. You have produced an incredible video there.

  • @kimayers2092
    @kimayers2092 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank you so much... appreciate your patience in explaining the details instead of assuming your audience knows. Great tutorial... keep up the good work! I like others am very interested in your auto-follow device on your neck... Care to share?

  • @ForrestTanaka
    @ForrestTanaka  12 ปีที่แล้ว

    Ah, excellent question. With the HDR software I used to use (Photoshop), it was very picky about what you fed it, and since each of the panoramas would end up slightly different - as you said - Photoshop’s HDR wouldn’t accept them as the same scene. I got so used to that workflow that I never tried doing the panoramas first with Photomatix, so I’m not sure if it can or not. I asked a photographer who specialized in HDR a while back, and he does the HDR step first too, but we didn’t discuss why.

  • @ForrestTanaka
    @ForrestTanaka  12 ปีที่แล้ว

    It depends on the design of your tripod head, but often rotating the head puts the camera pretty far off the rotation axis of the head, which could be a problem if components of your scene are close to you. It can also put your tripod / camera assembly off balance; could be a problem in some cases. Another alternative is to use a lens with a collar that mounts to a tripod head bracket. You can just rotate the lens in the collar and not need an L bracket.

  • @wlh227
    @wlh227 10 ปีที่แล้ว

    FYI - Years ago I had a Canonflex R-2000 film camera and Canon at that time made what they called Canonflex Holder-R which in effect allowed the camera and the holder to be mounted to the tripod either way. The holder was required for use with a tripod since the film advance was on the bottom of the camera. Helpful video. Thanks.

  • @TheKagaya1981
    @TheKagaya1981 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    Tanaka-san, your tutorial is wonderful. Just to share with you that the "nodal slider" featured in the video can be substituted with a macro slider and it's adjustable with ruler scales on the side to mark different lens nodal point. IMHO, rotating the ball head might render the shots not shot at the horizontal axis; I got a circular ballhead adaptor that can detach and rotates freely once I have leveled the spirit level.

  • @ForrestTanaka
    @ForrestTanaka  11 ปีที่แล้ว

    Just like shooting anything else, it depends what I’m shooting. I used a 70-200 to shoot the landscape of this video, but I’ll use a 24-70 to shoot interior panoramas.

  • @minkorrh
    @minkorrh 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    I discovered today on the D7000 that yes it will take 3 consecutive shots on the self-timer when bracketing. I normally use my remote but forgot it. Some Nikons bracket 3 shots, some 5. My buddy's D300 does 5 while my D7000 only does 3.

  • @jacobmolho4499
    @jacobmolho4499 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    THANK YOU FORREST! You are so generous and kind to do this tutorial, it was amazing in your care to provide info to newbies like us! We are beginning our photography business in Phoenix AZ and appreciate your style. If you are EVER coming to Phoenix area, please drop us a line, we'd love to meet with you in person and take you to lunch! Well send our info on your website and watch your other videos when we can have a bit of time. We wish you well in all you do. Yakov and Pinina

  • @kaichinn
    @kaichinn 10 ปีที่แล้ว

    Great job Forrest, i enjoyed your tutorial!

  • @ForrestTanaka
    @ForrestTanaka  11 ปีที่แล้ว

    The conditions at this time weren’t what I would normally tolerate, but since I had all my video recording material, and it’s not close to home, I went ahead with it. The wind was so strong, I had to keep the ISO high. WIthout this wind, I would have kept it low.

  • @jetsonjoe
    @jetsonjoe 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    Hey Forrest..This is an excellent tutorial on your methodology...Really really great.
    I will have to look into what others you have done..so really enjoyed this.
    You have explained things very well and clearly..Excellent.
    Do you have a blog?

  • @ErikNainggolan
    @ErikNainggolan 9 ปีที่แล้ว

    Very simple, clear, and just super!

  • @southelgindad
    @southelgindad 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    At 8:20, do you have a motorized camera mount following you, using the lanyard you've got on? If so, that is really cool.

  • @ForrestTanaka
    @ForrestTanaka  12 ปีที่แล้ว

    At least with the two tripod heads I have (I only show one here), that makes the tripod off balance and less stable, and it puts the rotation axis off to one side. For distant subjects like the skyline, that's not much of a problem, but it could be if some parts of the scene are close in. If you use a lens with a collar, that's another way it could be in portrait orientation without an L-bracket.

  • @morgantey
    @morgantey 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    finally a full video. thank you sir. amazing results.

  • @danTES8011
    @danTES8011 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    Good job. Your HDR photos are tasteful.

  • @ForrestTanaka
    @ForrestTanaka  12 ปีที่แล้ว

    Yes; put the camera on a two-second timer, hit the shutter release once, and two seconds later it takes the three shots in a row.

  • @ForrestTanaka
    @ForrestTanaka  12 ปีที่แล้ว

    Lowering the ISO and increasing the shutter speed would have made very dark photos, and increasing the brightness in post may have made those even *more* noisy. Conditions were just really bad there that day.

  • @ForrestTanaka
    @ForrestTanaka  12 ปีที่แล้ว

    Yup, that's from swivl.com. I was still experimenting with it in this video. It also picks up audio, but for some reason that didn’t work when I was showing the table setup. It’s very cool though.

  • @lNTOTHEGRAVE
    @lNTOTHEGRAVE 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    Great video. I saw your iPhone HDR tutorial on Pleasanton. It's crazy how you can do pretty much all of these things on an iPhone. Have you thought of doing more iPhone tutorials?!

  • @DYDXjnovshoe
    @DYDXjnovshoe 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    very nice instructional video! helped me out alot with a project i will be working on soon!

  • @HawaiianSunshine1
    @HawaiianSunshine1 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    Terrific job Forrest. I really enjoyed this video. I might try some panoramas now. You did not mention anything about white balance. Did you set it to a specific WB setting or did you use AWB when you took the photos?

  • @ForrestTanaka
    @ForrestTanaka  12 ปีที่แล้ว

    For some reason, Photomerge just can’t see any commonality between the images. Sometimes that happens even if it’s obvious to you that each image shares a lot in common with others. You can try shooting the same scene with more overlap between images, or at a different focal length or distance. It can be pretty tough to predict when Photomerge will have difficulty or not. Over time, failures become more rare as you get a feel for what works and what doesn’t.

  • @mandurahchess
    @mandurahchess 10 ปีที่แล้ว

    I have a 6D, it can take up to 7 shots for HDR.
    Set to continuous shooting, hold shutter button down, the camera stops when the shots are done.

  • @mdk69mam
    @mdk69mam 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thanks a lot sharing! It was very useful to me. Thanks again Forrest!

  • @torrents1974
    @torrents1974 10 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank you for the informative tutorial video. I am using a Manfrotto (MH054M0-Q2 054) Ball Head which has a 90-105 deg. portrait angle selector. Just wonder if the Really Right Stuff L Plate serves the same purpose or has more to offer. Thank you.

  • @ForrestTanaka
    @ForrestTanaka  12 ปีที่แล้ว

    I used a Canon 24-70mm f/2.8 USM for this demo.

  • @gosman949
    @gosman949 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    If you are still out there, I love the Manfrotto conversion to the RRS plate. Can you tell me which Arca Swiss plate this is from RRS?

  • @Hoyman28
    @Hoyman28 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    Great Video...usually don't have the patience to sit through these, but you kept my interest. Have you done virtual 360 panos to tour with HTML or FLASH? If so, is your prep the same or would you be using other tools with your tripod?

  • @76mikerod
    @76mikerod 8 ปีที่แล้ว

    Hi Forest. Can you provide the model of RRS Manfrotto to Arca adapter and the RRS rail? Thank you great video!

  • @Josh-qo1dl
    @Josh-qo1dl 10 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Great video super clear and calm just the way i like it.

  • @bmecalgary
    @bmecalgary 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    How do you keep your nodal point? Ever use a nodal rail. It helps parralax in check!

  • @ForrestTanaka
    @ForrestTanaka  12 ปีที่แล้ว

    Because it was dark and extremely windy, so I had to keep my shutter speed up. Far from ideal conditions for this, and really I should have waited for a better day. But hopefully I got the technique expressed.

  • @BAstudios5
    @BAstudios5 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    Is keeping the exposure exactly the same sill that important when you have a program like Hugin that can correct the exposure in one click? I suppose it would still help if you are doing HDR.

  • @sjbishopjones
    @sjbishopjones 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    thanks for the time and effort on doing the video...keep it up...more power...

  • @RuiSilvaPT
    @RuiSilvaPT 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    My biggest panorama was a composition of 42 shoots on my Nikon DSLR. Shooting in Raw is demanded and in situations like that one near Alcatraz where you are in a sunset/sunrise situation you have to tweak your setting after the shoot, when using the same settings in all of your photos this color miss-configuration happen. From my experience, the bigger the shoots the smaller the issues on the composition, but you need to have a good PC or time to do it. (cont.)

  • @Wastelander13
    @Wastelander13 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    Hello Mr Tanaka,
    I discovered your site today and want to thank You for your videos and for explaining so well.
    I was about to buy a Fuji X-E1 because of the details this camera is able to reproduce but now I hesitate, an EOS 5 Mark 3 would be a better choice. I want high detailed photos able to be printed very large and the 5Ds low-light abilities seems to be the best awallable actually.
    Thank you for Your work and help Mr Tanaka.

  • @wrassell1
    @wrassell1 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thanks for taking the time to share with us. If you are a good do it your self person, you can buy a "L" bracket, some 1/4" winged bolts and nuts from any home store and fashion a bracket for almost nothing if you wanted. The bracket you use however would be my preferred way. Any how thanks again you do explain things in an easy to understand way....

  • @lumi2702
    @lumi2702 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    Really great explanation! Can I ask what type of tripod you use?

  • @inquisitvem6723
    @inquisitvem6723 9 ปีที่แล้ว

    this awesome! i am interested in this . a newbie...i want to take interior shots of houses...360 degrees

  • @driftangel98
    @driftangel98 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank you for the great tips.
    How did you get Export - full size PSD in you user preset? where can I find that?

  • @Retro_Fidelity
    @Retro_Fidelity 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    Have you tried making three separate panoramas first and then merging those to hdr? I would prefer to have more control over the HDR look of the entire photo, I'm just dont know if photoshop wouldn't create 3 panoramas that would line up correctly.

  • @ashok7067
    @ashok7067 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    At 9:36, can u tell me the name of the equipment that you used to reduce parallax?
    That would be a good thing to have it in my bag.

  • @yaschan99
    @yaschan99 10 ปีที่แล้ว

    Very wonderful synopsis on how to take panoramic photos. I have trouble finding the plate that allows me to offset the camera as I'm here in Japan. Would you know any brand that is sold in Japan? Yodobashi camera will be happy to sell me panoramic head but that's way too expensive for me. All I would need is just the plate.
    I really enjoyed your video. Best regards.

  • @ngunbileg
    @ngunbileg 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank you for the great video once again. I have one question Forrest.
    When I do Photomerge my images on Photoshop CS5 they do not merge together as a one continuous image. They become 3 separate images. No matter how I try it won't change. Have any idea where and what did I go wrong?

  • @UdaiveerSinghRathore
    @UdaiveerSinghRathore 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    when u convert 32 to 16bit, PS will open the HDR toning window n APPLY THE DEFAULT SETTING, so a bypass is to select the exposure mode, in the HDR Toning dialogue, and DONT CHANGE ANYTHING

  • @volimzbjeg
    @volimzbjeg 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    Very good video.This is kind of photography that I like to do but it is very hard without dedicated panorma head."Really right stuff" makes one of the best,"Manfroto" is good too.

  • @ForrestTanaka
    @ForrestTanaka  12 ปีที่แล้ว

    I did have some, which I fixed in Lightroom 4 to some extent. But bottom line, these were far from ideal conditions.

  • @admiral353
    @admiral353 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    super nice I really like the way you explaining it. thank you

  • @MitchellTuckness
    @MitchellTuckness 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    very nice! Where did you get the accessories?

  • @ForrestTanaka
    @ForrestTanaka  12 ปีที่แล้ว

    Yup; I convert RAW to PSD and use Photomatix on those. I hadn’t heard anything about JPEG being best; I’d only heard RAW wasn’t the way to go, though I haven’t yet found a technical reason why beyond some guesses. It might just be Photomatix isn’t as expert at decoding RAW properly as well as Adobe.

  • @chhansen
    @chhansen 9 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    Thanks for all of your effort in putting that together. It was helpful and appreciated!

  • @danTES8011
    @danTES8011 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    Oh, and you don't necessarily need to shoot manual. Aperture priority use Exposure Lock.

  • @KevinAClassA
    @KevinAClassA 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    Your work is amazing.. Layman's terms, BRAVO !!

  • @ForrestTanaka
    @ForrestTanaka  12 ปีที่แล้ว

    That’s really frustrating, and I’ve had that happen at wide angles and lots of barrel distortion. It’s just not finding enough features the same shape to match between photos. You could try reducing distortion in the photos before stitching them, but I wouldn’t hold out much hope. Your best bet might be to try other pano software.

  • @pnbhosale
    @pnbhosale 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    Wow that was a beautiful tutorial !! Thanks a ton !!!

  • @AndrewYianne
    @AndrewYianne 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    I would suggest purchasing a sturdier tripod and tripod head for your 5D MK II

  • @AnAzianProduction
    @AnAzianProduction 10 ปีที่แล้ว

    Is the thing you have around your neck like a sensor that your camera follows? Can you please tell me what this product is called?

  • @vevolander
    @vevolander 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    Hi Mr. Tanaka, can you give exact model of the flat plate from rrs, also type of quick release clamp you put on top of 460mg quick release plate. i have the same tripod head. i wonder if i can imitate your setup. thank you so much.

  • @frankyvee4076
    @frankyvee4076 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    Paul I said the same when I heard f2.8 apeture.. f2.8 would make for some very short DOF..blurred background.. I would imaging for landscapes you would need to be at above f14 and higher. I think it was a blooper cause he has some nice panos at the end of the video.

  • @truedesireelements2040
    @truedesireelements2040 8 ปีที่แล้ว

    Such an amazing VIDEO, thanks for sharing. I just have one other question. What was you using to make the camera follow you like that?

  • @8mc2gr6c
    @8mc2gr6c 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thankyou very much! best explanation and tips i've seen, great video!

  • @Wintterson
    @Wintterson 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    Great Stuff, Forrest! Very educating, thanks for sharing with the world.
    :)

  • @collaredkeeper
    @collaredkeeper 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    may i suggest using nodal ninja or other nodal panoramic heads for avoiding parralax during panorama shooting.

  • @MaximilianImaging
    @MaximilianImaging 9 ปีที่แล้ว

    Many thanks for the great tut! Very good info!

  • @ModernSaxDotCom
    @ModernSaxDotCom 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank you for all the great information in this video, I really appreciate it.