As a stem cell biologist, I think it's beautiful how cells regulate their genes. Nearly all cells in the human body have the same DNA but are so different. The reason why brain cells look and behave so differently from skin or muscle cells is that they regulate their genes differently. While cephalopods are great in modifying RNAs, our cells primarily modify their DNA making it more compact in order to silence genes (I made a video about this). Studying how that works can help us to develop treatments against numerous diseases where gene regulation has gone wrong!
I love seeing your passion for science and learning in general! Ever since I was a child I made a conscious decision to try to learn as many things as I possibly could, about EVERYTHING, in a search to figure out the meaning of life and connect all the dots that I could. (It has a side effect of making me at least mildly interesting at parties as I can converse on pretty much every topic to at least a limited degree) Anyway, is there a link that you can post here to see your video?
I don't think humans have even began scratching the surface. I'd imagine down the road we will be designing future generations from the lab to be perfect for certain tasks. There are some movies and tv series that deal with topics like this and they're mostly very grim. I do however believe that it's the future of mankind especially if we are to travel through space. By manipulating you could change everything from your hair color to giving people the perfect bodies, with no diseases and so on. I think in the end we will all look the same lol.
How does a man go from professionally educating a whole generation about interesting biology science, to drunkenly talking about pelicans, socks and what inanimate objects we probably shouldn’t eat? I love Hank Green
Part of growing up is realising that people can be more than "one thing" and that most people are. And that the few people who's essence can be captured and described with one unambiguous descriptor are the exceptions rather than the norm. And we should all work at in cultivating this realisation, and refrain from our urges to reflexively "box people in" to fit into our own narrow and prejudicial views of "who and what they are and should be". Best regards.
Yeah. I am pretty sure that if we had not found them in nature and someone just came up with them, then people would feel that rather unbelievable creatures.
"You can edit DNA on-the-fly? With that kind of technology you could cure cancer!" "But I don't want to cure cancer - I want to squeeze into small spaces and choose winning soccer teams"
@@WanderTheNomad actually, all cephalopods including octopus are experiencing significant population growth as the changing ocean benefits them. Cephalopods are taking over the oceans, drain ye woes and take shelter
Every octopus science video reminds me of how badly I want an aquarium to build a roomba fish tank with a joystick inside for an octopus to go-kart its way around the aquarium. Imagine looking at fish at the aquarium, and an octopus just drives up next to you.
Splatoon is scientifically accurate... The Inklings/Octolings are psychic-cephalopods, telekinetically manipulating their ink to form what is essentially a mech of ink, to cosplay as humans, because they are revered as gods in their timeline and wish to emulate their likeness (gods, or at least "Ancient Ones", can't remember)... And how did they evolved this way? because they wanted to... and they had 10,000 years to perfect it...
I mean, it's kind of a good thing their overall evolution happens so slowly. We're not ready to deal with the Illithid Master Race yet. Just this morning I saw a guy sawing a branch while sitting on it - on the farther from the trunk side. #NOTREADY
One of the ideas for why they are so different compared to other Earth creatures is that they may be one of the surviving members of a branch of creatures that developed from a completely separate evolutionary radiation than the Cambrian Explosion.
@@sdfkjgh Ackchyually, of the three versions seen around the internet, that's the one with perhaps the weakest claim to the term. www.merriam-webster.com/words-at-play/the-many-plurals-of-octopus-octopi-octopuses-octopodes The other two are still the preferred modern terms.
Cephalopods sure do provide easy material for hard sci-fi like I'm out here tryna use real-world science as a jumping-off point for my aliens but octopi are seriously like "wait actually I just adapted a stepladder for u out of mRNA"
Maybe this helps explain not only how their whole innards change color, but also allows them to make their ink toxic only to their current rivals and then change the toxin cocktail between matches so that it's safe for their new team members (esp. if the different players keep changing sides as it happens)
@@GandalfTheTsaagan It could be a case of them dying their ink. Assuming its not the same type of ink in actual cephalopods (because really its just poop), but rather just some specialized liquid specifically for attacking, it could just be dyed and bleached regularly. Or it could be dependent on diet, like how certain foods discolor pee. Or how too much shrimp can turn your skin pink, or too much nickel can turn it blue.
I just wrapped up a unit on evolution with my Biology students. I'm now starting a unit on protein synthesis. This video is a perfect way to tie the two together!
Octopus RNA editing is more like Cookbook -> Chef -> Food -> Consumer, but then the Consumer asks for the recipe to be modified, such as no lettuce on their burger.
Well if you watch teirzoo. He seems to think that they could not be able to make it there. Because their lifespans are so short. If they lived longer they would probably be the dominant species already.
Yeah like if a couple of the medium size, more generalist species of octopus can evolve longer lifespans, social groups, and manage to survive the ocean acidification and whatnot were causing, they will definitely follow us in being the dominant intelligent species on this planet. Hands down. Give em a 40-60 year average lifespan and they'll build an underwater civilization.
Two fun books to expand in your cephalopod knowledge: Other minds- Peter Godfrey Smith The soul of an octopus Thy are fairly different but both very entertaining
I think adaptability of mind is far more useful to spread your genes then adaptability of genes. The octopuses might have survived better because they can engineer more solutions to more problems rather then breed to solve problems.
When I was a 6th grader, I once caught a small octopus using a white stone. I don't know why but they cling on the white stone and I use net to catch them. After observing it for a while in a jar, I returned it to the sea. The end.
I was literally telling my twin about this very topic because of studying i did on octopus years ago and for some reason you coincidentally post a video on it a few hours later. My brain is shook
'mRNA' is usually the same in the singular and plural, as the word 'mRNAs' sounds like 'mRNA-ase', which is a different concept. But I loved the video.
But if they can adapt "instantly", it make sense biologically to keep it and adapt when problem comes, instead of doing it permanently and not being able to change in te future. What do you guys think?
depends on the situation. They're most likelly to survive to fast shift in the meta (a new OP/broken player), but only if devs patch it rapidly. Or hard located event (like no sun during 1month etc)... But they're definitely not well suited to global events/permanant changes to the meta, because of this slow rate of DNA adaptations they have.
@@kennarajora6532 Well, I learned it on TierZoo channel obvsly. I just love how this makes so much sense and is easier to understand for us whos brains have been conditioned to gaming mechanics and vocabulary :) + Im a fervent defensor of the fact that everything can be crossed, like finding maths in paintings/music or poetry/philosophy in nature etc
"It is much harder for them to come up with a new thing"... They change their color, texture, are smart, can shoot ink , have 8 tentacles, are flexible, etc. What else do you what the to do¿?
The problem arises in the small things, like their food sources become much tougher, so a good adaptation might be a slightly differently shaped beak to better puncher the new, tougher surfaces. But with their wacky approach to DNA, they could take way longer to evolve that adaptation than they should.
Living long enough to be actual parents would be a good start. Octopuses can’t pass on what they’ve learned like crows, dolphins, or apes can, because they die before their offspring hatch, and they’re relatively nonsocial. This means every octopus starts from scratch, when a crow can learn from other crows which person gives good snacks
Culture? They don't raise their children, they just hand around until they hatch but by then their bodies are too damaged to do anything and soon afterwards die or even sooner.
Another interesting fact is that post-transcriptional modification in humans is primarily focused in CNS neurons. Octopuses have a high level of PTM in their whole nervous system. Decentralized brain perhaps?
Is it possible that the reason cephalopods can do this is due to their short lifespans? This would make sense for an octopus that only lives a year - as some do.
@@GandalfTheTsaagan breeding once, then dying, would limit the amount of mutations that could be passed on, as any epigenetic changes would have a limited time to build up...
So, I've been aware of this since this discovery became mainstream, but I guess I'm still confused on how this is different from mRNA processing (splicing) because that's a thing we knew that most eukaryotes do, right? Someone correct me if I'm wrong. So mRNA editing is different from mRNA splicing. With splicing, whole chunks are removed (introns) are removed and the remaining pieces (exons) snap together to make a specific code for one protein. So with splicing different exon combinations lead to completely different proteins. But mRNA editing is when small tweeks in the mRNA lead to a slightly different version of the 'same' protein. (Or is mRNA processing the same as editing and it's just that this cephalopod taxon does it way more than others...?)
![[ENGSUB] UNPRODUCTIVE DAY ใช้ชีวิต (เปื่อยๆ) ด้วยกัน 1 วัน! | OUROAD CLOSEFRiEND SS2 EP.9](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/pyYKZ3kra9w/mqdefault.jpg)
As a stem cell biologist, I think it's beautiful how cells regulate their genes. Nearly all cells in the human body have the same DNA but are so different. The reason why brain cells look and behave so differently from skin or muscle cells is that they regulate their genes differently. While cephalopods are great in modifying RNAs, our cells primarily modify their DNA making it more compact in order to silence genes (I made a video about this). Studying how that works can help us to develop treatments against numerous diseases where gene regulation has gone wrong!
You got a new subscriber...me...
I love seeing your passion for science and learning in general! Ever since I was a child I made a conscious decision to try to learn as many things as I possibly could, about EVERYTHING, in a search to figure out the meaning of life and connect all the dots that I could. (It has a side effect of making me at least mildly interesting at parties as I can converse on pretty much every topic to at least a limited degree) Anyway, is there a link that you can post here to see your video?
Subscribed Sir.
Doesn't that happen in every other organism though.
I don't think humans have even began scratching the surface. I'd imagine down the road we will be designing future generations from the lab to be perfect for certain tasks. There are some movies and tv series that deal with topics like this and they're mostly very grim. I do however believe that it's the future of mankind especially if we are to travel through space. By manipulating you could change everything from your hair color to giving people the perfect bodies, with no diseases and so on. I think in the end we will all look the same lol.
How does a man go from professionally educating a whole generation about interesting biology science, to drunkenly talking about pelicans, socks and what inanimate objects we probably shouldn’t eat? I love Hank Green
Part of growing up is realising that people can be more than "one thing" and that most people are. And that the few people who's essence can be captured and described with one unambiguous descriptor are the exceptions rather than the norm.
And we should all work at in cultivating this realisation, and refrain from our urges to reflexively "box people in" to fit into our own narrow and prejudicial views of "who and what they are and should be".
Best regards.
Hank green talking drunkenly about pelicans?! This i got to see!!
Octopuses are the stuff of sci-fi in real life.
Yeah. I am pretty sure that if we had not found them in nature and someone just came up with them, then people would feel that rather unbelievable creatures.
Exactly, they do exist and look what H.P. Lovecraft was able to do with them!
Maybe they'd say the same thing about us.
@@housephone9090 I'm afraid you are incorrect. It is indeed octopuses.
@@housephone9090 bruh. Imagine correcting someone’s usage of a word without looking up the origin of that word and it’s suffix.
"You can edit DNA on-the-fly? With that kind of technology you could cure cancer!"
"But I don't want to cure cancer - I want to squeeze into small spaces and choose winning soccer teams"
Hank: Are they from Earth? Are they DEFINITELY from Earth??
Me: *narrows eyes*
Sounds like Dark One propaganda to me.
Non-Euclidean geometry... So "from" and/or "Earth" might not mean what you puny mortals think it means ;)
Cephalopods are just too damn awesome for their own good.
Our own*
"they may not be able to adapt new solutions ... that could limit them"
Nearly 300 million years of octopus success says they're good.
Humans say otherwise. We change things up pretty quickly in terms of the evolutionary time scale.
@@WanderTheNomad actually, all cephalopods including octopus are experiencing significant population growth as the changing ocean benefits them. Cephalopods are taking over the oceans, drain ye woes and take shelter
@@evanbecraft8201 why does the changing ocean benefit them?
Every octopus science video reminds me of how badly I want an aquarium to build a roomba fish tank with a joystick inside for an octopus to go-kart its way around the aquarium. Imagine looking at fish at the aquarium, and an octopus just drives up next to you.
Cephalopods once again prove why they're my favorite sea creatures
*Favorite creatures
ftfy
Then
Don't eat themm😂
Please
Don't get offended if you are vegan like me 😉
Splatoon is scientifically accurate...
The Inklings/Octolings are psychic-cephalopods, telekinetically manipulating their ink to form what is essentially a mech of ink, to cosplay as humans, because they are revered as gods in their timeline and wish to emulate their likeness (gods, or at least "Ancient Ones", can't remember)...
And how did they evolved this way? because they wanted to... and they had 10,000 years to perfect it...
So their mRNA is like a genetic swiss army knife
Thats my understanding
In theory yes but actually no
Or like the family junk drawer.
Something in there should get the job done...
Ü~~üü~~~~ü~üü~~~~ü~ü
Even though I’m not in school anymore , I still love watching these as if I was in my science classes
Better than my science class in the 70's
Same
I wish my science class was half as entertaining
Lifelong learning crew
@@brynadoodle same here
I mean, it's kind of a good thing their overall evolution happens so slowly. We're not ready to deal with the Illithid Master Race yet. Just this morning I saw a guy sawing a branch while sitting on it - on the farther from the trunk side. #NOTREADY
Hank: "Are they from earth?! Are they DEFINITELY from earth"
Me, instantly, aloud: "OCTOPUSES ARE ALIENS, IT'S SCIENCE"
Technically, all life is extraterrestial, it just evolved on earth ;)
"From stardust we came, to stardust we go"
No.
One of the ideas for why they are so different compared to other Earth creatures is that they may be one of the surviving members of a branch of creatures that developed from a completely separate evolutionary radiation than the Cambrian Explosion.
@Robin Hahn: *OCTOPODES
Iftfy.
@@sdfkjgh Ackchyually, of the three versions seen around the internet, that's the one with perhaps the weakest claim to the term. www.merriam-webster.com/words-at-play/the-many-plurals-of-octopus-octopi-octopuses-octopodes The other two are still the preferred modern terms.
That has to be one of the best video thumbnails I've ever seen
Cephalopods sure do provide easy material for hard sci-fi
like I'm out here tryna use real-world science as a jumping-off point for my aliens but octopi are seriously like "wait actually I just adapted a stepladder for u out of mRNA"
So the squids of Splatoon can take over the world!
Maybe this helps explain not only how their whole innards change color, but also allows them to make their ink toxic only to their current rivals and then change the toxin cocktail between matches so that it's safe for their new team members (esp. if the different players keep changing sides as it happens)
@@GandalfTheTsaagan It could be a case of them dying their ink. Assuming its not the same type of ink in actual cephalopods (because really its just poop), but rather just some specialized liquid specifically for attacking, it could just be dyed and bleached regularly. Or it could be dependent on diet, like how certain foods discolor pee. Or how too much shrimp can turn your skin pink, or too much nickel can turn it blue.
Become woomy
Octopuses are my favourite animal.
Then honey badgers
you clearly have a liking for the stuff in my nightmares.
My favorite animal is girls.
@@myradselfdotwebsdotc Self esteem is important but we're talking about *other* animals.
@Junior Mynos: *Octopodes
Iftfy.
@@myradselfdotwebsdotc that just sounds creepy
Octopuses are the real apex species.
I, for one, welcome our cephalopod overlords.
Thank you scishow for being awesome and thank you Matthew Brant
I just wrapped up a unit on evolution with my Biology students. I'm now starting a unit on protein synthesis. This video is a perfect way to tie the two together!
Getting us hyped for Splatoon 3 I see? ewe
That some next level version control
Octopus RNA editing is more like Cookbook -> Chef -> Food -> Consumer, but then the Consumer asks for the recipe to be modified, such as no lettuce on their burger.
This is so well researched, written, designed, animated, presented... THANK YOU to all who work on Sci Show
Cephalopods: *edits genome on the fly*
Lamarck in his grave: AT LASSSTTTTT!
This is just another reason why cephalopods will become the next superior animal on the planet
Hey for all we know they already are. Hail Cthulhu.
Well if you watch teirzoo. He seems to think that they could not be able to make it there. Because their lifespans are so short. If they lived longer they would probably be the dominant species already.
@@aaronburkeen6409 wait until they figure out how to fire guns. America will start propping up a octopus regime to take over the sea.
@@aaronburkeen6409 wait until they figure out how to fire guns. America will start propping up a octopus regime to take over the sea.
Yeah like if a couple of the medium size, more generalist species of octopus can evolve longer lifespans, social groups, and manage to survive the ocean acidification and whatnot were causing, they will definitely follow us in being the dominant intelligent species on this planet. Hands down. Give em a 40-60 year average lifespan and they'll build an underwater civilization.
I’m expecting this one be about butts
I thought so too read my comment above
Yeah seem like the content started hitting Rock *bottom*
It still fundamental science.
Yeah, their topics typically include genetics, space, biology chemistry and butts.
Octopuses are freaking cool creatures.
Two fun books to expand in your cephalopod knowledge:
Other minds- Peter Godfrey Smith
The soul of an octopus
Thy are fairly different but both very entertaining
They have been around for 550 million years so they must be doing something right
I, for one, welcome our cephalopod overlords.
That's a master level of optimization.
But this still doesn’t answer the question: are they kids or squids?
I guess it depends on the current edit of the mRNA, so they are both and none and the same time.
Basically Schrödinger's Squid!
They're skuids
Game theory talked about how octopuses and squids can change their DNA quite easily so it's more probable that Inklings are squids
Argh, forgot to check volume. Intro music nearly killed me, followed by OCTOPUS! 😂
Play Splatoon music
"I turned on the internet and it yelled at me"
I think adaptability of mind is far more useful to spread your genes then adaptability of genes. The octopuses might have survived better because they can engineer more solutions to more problems rather then breed to solve problems.
Its late and I have work tomorrow, but octopuses are important.
Matthew Brant, thank you!!!!
It makes me smile and laugh with happiness when I hear smart people say octopuses instead of octopi 😋☺️😃😂🐙
I for one preemptively welcome our new cephalopod overlords.
Cephalopods are the real master race. Also they are adorable!!
Using the recipe/chef/meal analogy, are they doing this multiple times a day? If they're heading to a potluck, can they prepare a dish in advance?
I find amazing that I always watch these videos while procrastinating. So I learn something, just not what I was supposed to
Could it be that when that branch lost their shells it put a lot of pressure on their genomes to come up with all these crazy adaptations?
They're super smart slugs.
Nautiloids: "Who did you call stupid?!"
Just, wow
When I was a 6th grader, I once caught a small octopus using a white stone. I don't know why but they cling on the white stone and I use net to catch them. After observing it for a while in a jar, I returned it to the sea. The end.
So they have root access to the source code
Octopuses are just amazing (and a little scary, like I wouldn't want to happen upon one unexpectedly)
Well Hank, there's your Superior Fish Beings right there!
Wait so are you telling me cephalopods can RESPEC? IN REAL LIFE?
Warm water: dps life pew pew
Cold water: I'm a TANK NOW
1:48 When Hank said "think of it like cooking" I heard " think of it like cocaine" and let me tell you I was VERY confused for a good minute 😂
Lol. Just watched a six-yea-old SciShow. My, my! Hank was soooo young.
2:18 there's often more potential ways to break things than to make them better. Wonder why? What a wonderful world
interesting how some of the coleoids, with such a scant fossil record, are practically built-in with their own genetic museums
Cephalopods are the children of the Great Ones, so...
I was literally telling my twin about this very topic because of studying i did on octopus years ago and for some reason you coincidentally post a video on it a few hours later. My brain is shook
That's really neat
'mRNA' is usually the same in the singular and plural, as the word 'mRNAs' sounds like 'mRNA-ase', which is a different concept. But I loved the video.
Cephalopods are the best! 💜
MY. FAVORITE. ANIMAL. BRANCH. EVER!
Bio 101 makes a LOT of things make sense suddenly
HANK. THE SHIRT. NO.
i couldn't concentrate on the video at all. had to turn away and just listen. terrifying. can't believe i was the only one!!
thank goodness I thought this was going to be another one about the human cushion like yesterday
But if they can adapt "instantly", it make sense biologically to keep it and adapt when problem comes, instead of doing it permanently and not being able to change in te future. What do you guys think?
depends on the situation.
They're most likelly to survive to fast shift in the meta (a new OP/broken player), but only if devs patch it rapidly. Or hard located event (like no sun during 1month etc)...
But they're definitely not well suited to global events/permanant changes to the meta, because of this slow rate of DNA adaptations they have.
@@bruhman5385 everyone started talking like that after 2018.
@@kennarajora6532 Well, I learned it on TierZoo channel obvsly.
I just love how this makes so much sense and is easier to understand for us whos brains have been conditioned to gaming mechanics and vocabulary :)
+ Im a fervent defensor of the fact that everything can be crossed, like finding maths in paintings/music or poetry/philosophy in nature etc
My favorite sea animal.
How do you know when a cephalopod has been using your toilet?
.
.
.
Squid marks.
Love the socks!
Octo-Dad seems a lot more plausible all of a sudden.
And this Humans, is how Octopi took over the universe.
And thats how we get splatoon?
I, for one, welcome our cephalopod overlords.
Edited. Edited! EDITED! Or even. EDITED IT!
We need to engineer longer living cephalopods.
Why aren't we funding this?
Cephalopods will rule the earth given enough time and pressure
I highly recommend the documentary,
_My Octopus Teacher._
why on earth would someone dislike this video!?
They had big fingers or had water on the screen.
Some anime girl probably.
@@baronvonbeandip why?
"It is much harder for them to come up with a new thing"... They change their color, texture, are smart, can shoot ink , have 8 tentacles, are flexible, etc. What else do you what the to do¿?
The problem arises in the small things, like their food sources become much tougher, so a good adaptation might be a slightly differently shaped beak to better puncher the new, tougher surfaces. But with their wacky approach to DNA, they could take way longer to evolve that adaptation than they should.
Living long enough to be actual parents would be a good start. Octopuses can’t pass on what they’ve learned like crows, dolphins, or apes can, because they die before their offspring hatch, and they’re relatively nonsocial. This means every octopus starts from scratch, when a crow can learn from other crows which person gives good snacks
Culture? They don't raise their children, they just hand around until they hatch but by then their bodies are too damaged to do anything and soon afterwards die or even sooner.
*someone mentionsmRNA*
2019: Oh what's that?
2021: Leo di Caprio pointing at screen meme
octopuses are the jack of all trades
Nice shirt hank
Another interesting fact is that post-transcriptional modification in humans is primarily focused in CNS neurons. Octopuses have a high level of PTM in their whole nervous system. Decentralized brain perhaps?
All cephalopods get an upvote! Amazing critters. If you eat one, it was smarter than you. 🤣
4:15 "... predicting the future."
It's cool that they can edit genetic instructions on the fly, but where do they get the fly from?
putting salt instead of sugar - that is usually a mistake rather than on purpose lol
Guess he's not a cook.
"...like the chef deciding to put salt in place of sugar..." So... an evil chef.
We for one welcome our new cephalopod overlords
Stranger than fiction!
so great
awesome
Octopuses, the original spaghetti god
thanks for fueling my ability to spam my friends with more reasons why cuttlefish are the coolest
reminds me of this sci-fi novel called Sphere, its just radical how it uses squids. You should check it out, its by the same author as Jurassic Park
Is it possible that the reason cephalopods can do this is due to their short lifespans? This would make sense for an octopus that only lives a year - as some do.
True
If they made those changes to their DNA the genetic diversity would get really wild, which doesn't sound ideal for animals that only breed once
@@GandalfTheTsaagan breeding once, then dying, would limit the amount of mutations that could be passed on, as any epigenetic changes would have a limited time to build up...
Octopus are amazing and taste amazing
🐙🐙 🍴😋
doesn't this sound like a super promising avenue of research?
I love octopuses
Skroob is already president of space.
So, I've been aware of this since this discovery became mainstream, but I guess I'm still confused on how this is different from mRNA processing (splicing) because that's a thing we knew that most eukaryotes do, right? Someone correct me if I'm wrong. So mRNA editing is different from mRNA splicing. With splicing, whole chunks are removed (introns) are removed and the remaining pieces (exons) snap together to make a specific code for one protein. So with splicing different exon combinations lead to completely different proteins. But mRNA editing is when small tweeks in the mRNA lead to a slightly different version of the 'same' protein. (Or is mRNA processing the same as editing and it's just that this cephalopod taxon does it way more than others...?)
I've seen enough octopus to know where this is going to.
They aren't from earth, they are from ocean. And they've been around much much much longer than any of us upstart mammals.