I thought levels of death were a zombie thing only. You could ask yourself in what state of decomposition you will be, assuming that you didn't get yourself grilled and put in a jar after having gone through a sieve.
Sometimes I get out of the habit of watching the show, and then when I come back I realize how much I missed it. You truly do a great job covering interesting, meaningful topics on a very regular basis in a field that is thought to move relatively slowly.
Around 1966 a friend called in early predawn and said to look outside. We went out, and looking up was like driving into falling snow at night with the high beams on. Bright white meteors radiating from a point, and I knew that the dots that got brighter before vanishing were heading right for me. There was a heavier meteor storm around 1970. The bright ones were green, and the faint ones that covered the sky probably were, but not bright enough to show color. This storm lasted from around midnight until washed out by dawn, but I've never seen any reference to it.
They are not the only ozone depleting chemicals, there is also SF6.Electrical substations and the like are used in high voltage switch gear which is surrounded by SF6 to stop fires and it leaks ALOT. It also has a ridiculous life span = "the atmospheric lifetime of SF6, when estimated on the basis of the negative ion model, is found to range between 800 and 3200 years"
Do you know how Ozone is created Was it created out of nothing when God formed planet Earth 8,850 years ago? How do humans transform Oxygen into Ozone on top of Earths crust ? Thank Oh mighty Sol for the gifts of high energy particles. God bless the CME Auroras is God telling us to worship Sol.
At 2:51 It will survey " Everything out, to the beginning of Time". Wow, Holy Smokes!! Oh wait... you mean this guy is a bit over-the-top? This is the definition of content "creator".
5:03 The Leonids of 1999 was the best meteor shower I have ever seen. Like you, I saw one every few seconds. I saw more meteors in one minute than I had seen in my entire life. I had a goal to count every meteor I saw in one night but I gave up when I hit 400 meteors. 😂
The Kaplan Thruster seems like a better idea than the Shkadov Thruster, because not only would the Kaplan Thruster provide more thrust, but because it's actually feeding off of the Sun's mass, it will extend the life of the Sun. Kurzgesagt did a really neat video about this.
The rings of light around a black hole always made me thin kit would be a way to view the past. If it's 100 lightyears away then any light visible in the rings starts at 200 years old, then look for the parts that have been orbiting for various periods of time to look deeper into the past. Resolving that light into an image, or a video, would be hard or might not be possible, but for sci fi at least it would work for sure :)
I was in the Canary Islands for the 1999 Leonid meteor storm, and it was a bust. Up all night, and nothing happened. But a couple of years later - I forget if it was 2001 or 2002 - the storm came. As dawn approached the meteors were dropping at about 2 per second, and we were seeing bright meteors and bolides even after sunrise. This was from New Hampshire.
I can't but help feel that small scale recycling in space is going to be tremendously important, eventually. The trash on the ISS is surely good material to do small scale recycling research on. It's also one of those things, where if they can make it work in space, then maybe it could work here on earth in households as well. Also, Mars is not super active volcanically anymore, not on the surface. However I feel there should be quite large water formed caves lower down where it's still warm enough for water to flow. And maybe, just maybe a smoker vent or two.
@@StephenLawrence01 Yeah, but this is not about money, at least not primarily. It's about completely overhauling the source of our technological advanced society. The fact that this overhaul will be tremendously expensive is a factor, yes, but it would be hard even if it _saved_ money.
Technically easier to do, , maybe; but selling western cultures on a 'better way' to refrigerate their homes, offices, cars, and food was a major effort. Plus, establishing and maintaining an effective recycling and disposing network was expensive. Governments set the priorities, but then someone in business needs to find the initial means to make the remedy profitable.
This was another informative and very interesting video, Frasier. You and your team are tge best. And kudos to whoever said 'we should slide our logo in and out to cut between segments.' EVERY time i saw that logo swipe, my brain inserted the musical rif from the original Batman TV show!! 😂
11:19 if numbers of orbits around the black hole polarizes light differently then there must be one or more cases where x amount of orbits polarizes the light same or hardly if ever distinguishable way as it would be if it did not orbit or did orbit just once?
Euclid was meant to map the spaces around the Milky Way in 3d. It managed to map 1% of it's planned area within it's first 2 weeks when it was expected to take 6 years. I had not heard anyone talk about how quickly it managed to reach that 1%. At this rate it will be done in less than 4 years. So now will it's area be expanded? Or will this still remain the planned date and whenever it finishes it will merely continue expanding beyond this intended area until it truly reaches it's EoL? From what we have seen. NASA has managed to over engineer everything and run them so efficiently (I think they extended JWST by 3 years) from being so competent and brilliant in building and running these projects. So Euclid could reasonably be mapping for 8 years.
7:15 and they made this precisely in the time when whole space station will be wasted no matter how many compactors you put there you will waste it all and more.
There are other good environmental news, Fraser! The EU reduced its total CO² emissions by EIGHT percent in the last year! It still missed the target of, I think, 10% - but that's still really fast progress!
@bobmalooga7249 Well, #1; the UK isn't part of the EU anymore, so not included here. #2; Wiithout sacrifices, life in the future is going to be far more expensive and far more painful than life today. We're at 1.4⁰C warming since the Industrial Revolution (and it's still going to take decades for those effects to actually materialize), and we're currently looking at about 3⁰C in the next 80 years. Imagine not just your power bill, but all your bills 10, 20, 30 years from now. Imagine growing food to feed billions of people without the stable climate we've been living with for 10.000 years. What will that do to the global economy, not to mention your salary? And it won't get better, not for another 10.000 years (unless we geoengineer for all it's worth). All we can do is prevent, prevent, prevent - even if our power bill gets expensive.
In the words of Yoda...."There is another....." There is the backup mirror for Hubble (that was ground properly) in the Smithsonian, that could be used to build a second Roman telescope for use with interferiometry...
I also recall there is a KH-11 chassis/mirror that the DOD has made available for space observatory use too. It was a backup satellite that was never needed and has had all the top secret tech stripped off the chassis. The Hubble was built around the KH-11 design chassis.
6:28 I never noticed before how much UT looks like hackaday. Anyway, speaking of Hubble-class mirrors, why couldn't they have tested Hubble on the ground?
In 2020 the atmospheric levels of CFCs, all five of them, were highest than ever (since record keeping of the atmosphere began), yet the hole is almost closed? We have been studying the Ozone for a few decades, and we immediately think that the hole in the Ozone is from us. Wonder why ppl like me aren't ready to pay double for an electric vehicle, drink from paper straws, or eat bugs?
The moon will be nearly full during the peak of this year's Leonid shower. This will wash out all but the brightest meteors. Not the best year for this shower.
I’m kind of surprised that there was no mention in the video of the full moon. Also, I checked online last night about the expectations for the Leonids this year and was surprised to read that it was not expected to be a good year, contrary to what I perceived from the video. Perhaps I was just hoping. At that point (midnight), I went back to sleep.
Question for the question show: We’re always hearing things described as being “big enough to be seen from space” but what does that actually mean at this point? How big does something have to be to be “seen from space” and what is seeing it? Does it mean astronauts on the ISS can see it with the naked eye?
In 2024, the Antarctic ozone hole reached its seventh-smallest size since monitoring began, covering nearly 8 million square miles-about three times the size of the contiguous United States. This reduction is attributed to the decline in ozone-depleting substances, thanks to international agreements like the Montreal Protocol. Scientists project that, if current trends continue, the ozone layer could fully recover by 2066.
The zone of avoidance is the 10º radius around the Orion Nebula because scope owners are embarrassed to be seen pointing at such an easy object. This makes a lot of really interesting targets off-limits!
Hi Fraser, if a theoretical wormhole fell into Ton 618, what would happen? At what point would travelling between distant points stop? Would it be one way journeys only or would it simply collapse and that's that? Some suggest falling into massive black holes is actually quite genital.
Or CNN or NBC or any of the other drive-by media that has long forgotten how to report the news. It's not that a particular ideology is doing it wrong. It's that EVERYBODY is doing it wrong and that's scary.
7:00 I wonder how long before scientists will observe that "burning on reentry", compacted or not, isn't actually that good for the planet's magnetosphere or any other layer. Of course if the Kessler Syndrome kicks thety will have other worries.
there is a much larger supercluster hidden by the Zone of Avoidance, that makes the Lankyia supercluster look small, and everything is close enough to it is moving in that direction including "The Great Attractor" There is a few supeclusters all heading the same way. This kind of pattern maybe repeated elsewhere.
Something I have never seen pointed out, but I am fairly certain is the case. The Antarctic ozone hole per se is not of particular concern, except perhaps for penguins. There aren’t a lot of sunbathers in the area. It is simply a handy, representative proxy for the layer’s health elsewhere across the globe, but in an easy to measure and visualize form. Am I correct? Also, the estimated 3 billion tons of ozone in the layer would make a concentrated layer of the opure ozone only 3 mm thick at the earth’s surface pressure, the thickness of a couple sunglasses’ lenses but far lighter (and highly poisonous to breathe).
11:07 are there black holes that are known really for sure, we know them and there is nothing new we can discover about them, or we just think we know them?
That's why it's called a light echo, you're watching the light bounce off something and reflect toward you. You see the initial light, and then you see light bouncing off stuff around it.
? Any news on theories of structure: length of central bar vs spiral arm, vs the stars around the black hole having random orbits vs the those orbits forming the inner edge of those forming the bar disk plain and the distribution of such ratios? please
We did not know about the “hole in the ozone” until about 1970. The hole is a cyclical thing. It is created from sunlight striking oxygen in the upper atmosphere. This only occurs in the summer months. In the winter months, when that hemisphere is pointed away from the sun, the ozone begins breaking down. Ozone has a short half life. And if you watch the hole, you can see it oscillate seasonally. Watch it over several decades. We dont have too many. Seeing as we have only known about since the 1970’s. Thats all the data we have. Question: why doesn’t this happen at the north pole? Where CFC’s from mankind should be much more concentrated? Why do they end up at the opposite side of the world? Answer: they dont, its not mankind’s doing. CFC’s are a natural occurrence. Take the eruption of Mt Pinatubo in the 1990’s. It belched forth hundreds of times more CFC’s, and threw them into the upper atmosphere. And it barely had an effect. Question: How does a heavy gas, like CFC, get to the upper atmosphere? CFC’s, are much heavier than ambient air. You can take a 10 gallon fish tank. Fill it with CFC’s. Make a paper boat. And it will float on top of that gas because it is so dense. In the U.S., we have had people asphyxiated by using tanks of CFC’s, to fill things like inflatable mattresses. Two particular instances comes to mind. Both occured in the early 1980’s. The first one, not a mattress filling event, but a basement filling event. Had a large bottle of CFC refrigerant is his basement leak. Killing everyone that ventured into the basement. The entire family succumbed to it. Rescue workers too. Until someone was smart enough to don O2 mask. And vent the basement. The other, used a bottle of refrigerant to inflate his inner tubes at the lake while camping. It worked so well he also used it to inflate his inflatable mattress in his tent. He and his family died in their sleep. The mattress had leaked. The one good thing that CFC destroying ozone was destroying ground level ozone. A pollution. When CFC were outlawed, ground level ozones were on an incline, that paralleled the compliance. The less CFC were used, the more ground level ozone increased. This was corrected by stricter pollution regulation. And the ground level ozone very quickly corrected itself. Because it has a short half life. Measured in hours. Ozone, naturally breaks down on its own. Very quickly. The ozone hole will always come back, and oscillating is what it does.
Some of these science denialists in the comments section could benefit from some HVAC schooling! It's not up for debate. Just like the spherical shape of the planet, it's a fact not subject to debate.
@@williampotter3369 _"radio signals. it has the side effect of punching a hole in the ozone if done too frequently. "_ Yikes! Everybody put on their tinfoil hats to protect from the radiation these science denialists spew. Science isn't dependent on your flawed logic. It's dependent on observations and experimental results. There is NO data that suggests radio waves from communication with Antarctic bases has a fart's chance in a typhoon of causing the hole in the ozone.... On second thought we'd better double up on those tinfoil hats. It's a wonder these science denialists can feed themselves.
4:15 his pondering is pretty funny. Maybe it wasn't even a quality issue. Maybe they needed a JWST-sized visible light telescope to spy on Earth instead.
James Webb mirror is narrow field of view vs Roman wide angle. Its not that one is better than the other, just different uses. James Webb is an F/20 131400mm or 131.4m. Its very slow, but can see very far away small areas. Roman is an F/7.9 2400mm or 2.4m. Compared to JW, its very fast and can see alot more area.
Hey Fraser, unrelated question here, but hope you'll address it. I recently saw a video on Dr. Richard Lieu's theory suggesting you can have gravity without mass. I'm completely baffled. Can you explain and opine?
I got angry at danish radio and the people who advocate for removal of the holes in the atmosphere. Danish radio said that it was a bad thing we reduced the holes, because it made globalwarming skyrocketed acording to ecological researchers. This comment made me furious because of the way they had strangelholded the eco narrative of ozoneholes bad and now this year ozone holes can be a saving grace against global warming...
Seems funny that they would wait until the service life of the ISS is nearly over before equipping it with something as simple as a trash compactor. How many billions will that cost which could be better spent?
It seems weird to me that the space engineers wear white overalls but they do not cover their eyebrows. Eyebrows drop debris a lot, including hairs and dandruff like skin.
RE: CFCs, Your information isn't 100% accurate. Under extremely cold (almost liquid O2 temperatures) conditions CFCs (Chloro Fluoro Carbons) can break up ozone in a process that requires UV light to keep going (much like ozone formation itself, and CFC's are not as good as ozone at catching UVs, that much is true. Another factor is that oxygen gas and ozone are weakly repelled by magnetic fields, and NASA was aware of polar ozone holes long before CFCs were invented. They've always been there. Another factor is chlorine, fluorine, and carbon compounds emitted from natural sources (i.e. volcanoes).
7:54 in that image there is darker area which is not in the center. 9:50 is it, can we now list all research papers and scientist words about it that are now wrong please. Can it be you just did not map it well enough, even now, so there is no "attractor" instead they are just moving as our own galaxy is moving but we just can not see them or all of them instead we just see "outside" ones, does our own galaxy look like it is attracted to something when or if you would look at us from the other side or some other angle or position? What happened to statement that all galaxies move toward that "attractor" which is great for some reason?
12:40 here you need thin enough not connected to a number, and there you have couple of meters needed to protect you from the radiation so is there a sweet spot, how thin are we talking about? It must be more than couple of meters thick, but that would be called thin enough if it is? What type of ice are there any impurities in it, bubbles, is there anything over the ice.... in couple of meters of ice with some bubbles and impurities you could have just few percents of light left under that on the Earth or even 0% if we are talking about the Mars. So no, sorry there is exact amount of life there as it is on the Venus. And if you think there is slightest possibility, did we already contaminated and potentially killed it, should we do that or stop any further landing on the Mars, and remove everything we did throw there?
They originate from a specific spot in the sky and radiate outward from there. The showers are named after the constellation of origin. So, the Leonids appear to be coming from the constellation Leo.
And even during a meteor shower, sporadic meteors are still present and their frequency can be as great as the meteor shower. A part of every meteor shower observation is the count of shower meteors as opposed to sporadics.
Huh. Well, in retrospect, a trash compactor for the ISS is obvious. Now how will they leverage that really improve human presence in space? Water and atmosphere, sure. You already said that. Maybe also somehow using fewer service missions, which is also millions of dollars? I struggle to see that, though, since cargo missions both go up and go down. So the "down" mission holding compacting material, I guess, is using much less space. That's not a savings (monetarily). Whatever, improving space efficiency is good.
Any time I see a video or read an article about the ozone hole over the Antarctic, I watch/read to see if it includes information on the effect of the sun (which does not hit most of Antarctica for _long_ stretches of time) upon the ozone over the pole. Because the ozone "hole" is actually a natural, seasonal effect in that part of the world. If you doubt it, ask yourself why ozone over the more populated parts of the world, you know, the parts of the world that emit these gases, does not also experience a "hole" or perhaps a band of ozone depletion. The answer lies in the way the sun reacts with O2 to create O3 (ozone) and so if you don't have sun, you don't have ozone. It's that simple, and videos like this are either deliberately deceptive or more likely, ignorant of the chemistry.
One of the reasons CFCs (Chlorofluorocarbon) were beaten..., as in people stopped importing them. Was TARIFFS! Yes, what Trump wants to do with all your stuff. Let me just repeat myself, we STOPPED important stuff that had high tariffs, while also needing other documents of course, but the financial incentive to use something else was high. Fortunately for Nasa, there is not tariffs or taxes on exports...
Your argument RE the O3 layer is so disconnected from reality. Just because they said so? Southern hole? Sorry, you lost me. Other than an anti-CFC talking point, why is this relevant?
This is based on 50 years of scientific observations. All the records are public. Why don't you do your own analysis and show us defensible information based on the data collected that shows the ozone layer has nothing to do with shielding Earth from ultraviolet solar radiation. The water's warm. Do your research and collect your Nobel Prize.
"2066 isnt far away..."
me doing the math on just how dead i will be by then...
Ill be 92...but after the stress of the past 4 years, I doubt I will still be around either...stress is a killer.
I thought levels of death were a zombie thing only.
You could ask yourself in what state of decomposition you will be, assuming that you didn't get yourself grilled and put in a jar after having gone through a sieve.
I'll be 120 by then. No worries. We don't live here anyway....
The Zone of Avoidance sounds like the areas of old maps that said, "Thar be dragons here."
Did I tell you about the monster black hole ....
"thar" means there as in "over there" so the "here" in your quote is superfluous.
Hic sunt dracones
Appropriately, 'here be dragons' was also just a way mapmakers indicated that they did not know what was there.
Parents' bedroom.
Sometimes I get out of the habit of watching the show, and then when I come back I realize how much I missed it. You truly do a great job covering interesting, meaningful topics on a very regular basis in a field that is thought to move relatively slowly.
They still use chlorofluorocarbon in medicine to distract the brain from painful injections or physical therapy painful manipulations.
Around 1966 a friend called in early predawn and said to look outside. We went out, and looking up was like driving into falling snow at night with the high beams on. Bright white meteors radiating from a point, and I knew that the dots that got brighter before vanishing were heading right for me. There was a heavier meteor storm around 1970. The bright ones were green, and the faint ones that covered the sky probably were, but not bright enough to show color. This storm lasted from around midnight until washed out by dawn, but I've never seen any reference to it.
Might have been a good LSD-trip?
I think showers can be rather regional. The 1866(?) was a primarily eastern U.S. phenomenon, iirc. Maybe yours was isolated?
They are not the only ozone depleting chemicals, there is also SF6.Electrical substations and the like are used in high voltage switch gear which is surrounded by SF6 to stop fires and it leaks ALOT. It also has a ridiculous life span = "the atmospheric lifetime of SF6, when estimated on the basis of the negative ion model, is found to range between 800 and 3200 years"
Do you know how Ozone is created Was it created out of nothing when God formed planet Earth 8,850 years ago?
How do humans transform Oxygen into Ozone on top of Earths crust ?
Thank Oh mighty Sol for the gifts of high energy particles. God bless the CME
Auroras is God telling us to worship Sol.
Always enlightening. Thank you. I can't wait for these new telescopes to come online.
A space station with a trash compactor? One thing's for sure, we're all gonna be a lot thinner.
Into the garbage chute, flyboy!
Thanks for all the news, Fraser! 😊
Stay safe there with with family! 🖖😊
You know what I've had it with the atmosphere getting in the way of all our plans for space hotrods and most all the fun stuff, lol 😆
Good news, everyone!
It’s a shame America throws its money away on warfare in Ukraine and Israel, rather than science and progress. As an American, it makes me sick.
At 2:51 It will survey " Everything out, to the beginning of Time". Wow, Holy Smokes!! Oh wait... you mean this guy is a bit over-the-top? This is the definition of content "creator".
5:23 the best Leonoids shower I saw was in 1978 while I was in the PNW for the summer.
in the summer? you sure it wasn't the Perseids?
@Splitbrains dammit, yeah, Perseids not Leonoids
8:06 Missed opportunity to tell the public that peering into Zone of Avoidance breaks laws, but science is gangsta. 😁
5:03 The Leonids of 1999 was the best meteor shower I have ever seen. Like you, I saw one every few seconds. I saw more meteors in one minute than I had seen in my entire life. I had a goal to count every meteor I saw in one night but I gave up when I hit 400 meteors. 😂
The Kaplan Thruster seems like a better idea than the Shkadov Thruster, because not only would the Kaplan Thruster provide more thrust, but because it's actually feeding off of the Sun's mass, it will extend the life of the Sun. Kurzgesagt did a really neat video about this.
The rings of light around a black hole always made me thin kit would be a way to view the past. If it's 100 lightyears away then any light visible in the rings starts at 200 years old, then look for the parts that have been orbiting for various periods of time to look deeper into the past. Resolving that light into an image, or a video, would be hard or might not be possible, but for sci fi at least it would work for sure :)
I was in the Canary Islands for the 1999 Leonid meteor storm, and it was a bust. Up all night, and nothing happened. But a couple of years later - I forget if it was 2001 or 2002 - the storm came. As dawn approached the meteors were dropping at about 2 per second, and we were seeing bright meteors and bolides even after sunrise. This was from New Hampshire.
Hmm, maybe it was 2001.
Just the opposite for me in 1999. I was at Balmorhea State Park in Texas. It was like the best fireworks display I ever saw but multiplied by 10.
@@dyna66 Same. The Leonids of 1999 was the best meteor shower I have ever seen. I had just moved to my home in Ventura County, California.
I can't but help feel that small scale recycling in space is going to be tremendously important, eventually. The trash on the ISS is surely good material to do small scale recycling research on. It's also one of those things, where if they can make it work in space, then maybe it could work here on earth in households as well.
Also, Mars is not super active volcanically anymore, not on the surface. However I feel there should be quite large water formed caves lower down where it's still warm enough for water to flow. And maybe, just maybe a smoker vent or two.
Reducing the use of CFCs is a hell of a lot easier than reducing the production of CO2.
🎯💯
Easier .. no! but then when there's a lot of money involved the will goes away.
@@StephenLawrence01 Yeah, but this is not about money, at least not primarily. It's about completely overhauling the source of our technological advanced society. The fact that this overhaul will be tremendously expensive is a factor, yes, but it would be hard even if it _saved_ money.
Technically easier to do, , maybe; but selling western cultures on a 'better way' to refrigerate their homes, offices, cars, and food was a major effort. Plus, establishing and maintaining an effective recycling and disposing network was expensive.
Governments set the priorities, but then someone in business needs to find the initial means to make the remedy profitable.
Agreed. Though global warming is a hell of a lot worse than an ozone hole and we won't get anywhere on hard problems if we don't try.
If an ant can move a mountain than definitely human can move the sun too. 😅😂😅. Astronomers and their stellar jokes 🤣
"light moves at the speed of light"
It does WHAT now!?
@@ItsDrMcQuack
Moves?
Yeah. I was just saying there’s an echo chamber. But it doesn’t go quasar
This was another informative and very interesting video, Frasier. You and your team are tge best. And kudos to whoever said 'we should slide our logo in and out to cut between segments.' EVERY time i saw that logo swipe, my brain inserted the musical rif from the original Batman TV show!! 😂
11:19 if numbers of orbits around the black hole polarizes light differently then there must be one or more cases where x amount of orbits polarizes the light same or hardly if ever distinguishable way as it would be if it did not orbit or did orbit just once?
Euclid was meant to map the spaces around the Milky Way in 3d. It managed to map 1% of it's planned area within it's first 2 weeks when it was expected to take 6 years. I had not heard anyone talk about how quickly it managed to reach that 1%. At this rate it will be done in less than 4 years. So now will it's area be expanded? Or will this still remain the planned date and whenever it finishes it will merely continue expanding beyond this intended area until it truly reaches it's EoL? From what we have seen. NASA has managed to over engineer everything and run them so efficiently (I think they extended JWST by 3 years) from being so competent and brilliant in building and running these projects. So Euclid could reasonably be mapping for 8 years.
7:15 and they made this precisely in the time when whole space station will be wasted no matter how many compactors you put there you will waste it all and more.
Prepare for all EPA regulations on CFCs to be eliminated.
Another sucker
But women losing all their rights will greatly reduce our carbon footprint.
Redditor net neutrality apocalypse any day now
@williampotter3369 the old cfc's release deadly phosgene gas when burned. Not much better
A Gopro in Night Lapse photo mode is a great way to catch shots of meteor trails.
There are other good environmental news, Fraser! The EU reduced its total CO² emissions by EIGHT percent in the last year! It still missed the target of, I think, 10% - but that's still really fast progress!
Have you seen what that did to our economy? UK now has the most expencive electric prices in the world.
@bobmalooga7249
Well, #1; the UK isn't part of the EU anymore, so not included here.
#2; Wiithout sacrifices, life in the future is going to be far more expensive and far more painful than life today. We're at 1.4⁰C warming since the Industrial Revolution (and it's still going to take decades for those effects to actually materialize), and we're currently looking at about 3⁰C in the next 80 years. Imagine not just your power bill, but all your bills 10, 20, 30 years from now. Imagine growing food to feed billions of people without the stable climate we've been living with for 10.000 years. What will that do to the global economy, not to mention your salary? And it won't get better, not for another 10.000 years (unless we geoengineer for all it's worth). All we can do is prevent, prevent, prevent - even if our power bill gets expensive.
In the words of Yoda...."There is another....."
There is the backup mirror for Hubble (that was ground properly) in the Smithsonian, that could be used to build a second Roman telescope for use with interferiometry...
I also recall there is a KH-11 chassis/mirror that the DOD has made available for space observatory use too. It was a backup satellite that was never needed and has had all the top secret tech stripped off the chassis. The Hubble was built around the KH-11 design chassis.
Is that the one Kodak ground for Hubble?
6:28 I never noticed before how much UT looks like hackaday. Anyway, speaking of Hubble-class mirrors,
why couldn't they have tested Hubble on the ground?
Good to hear it’s getting better, we’ve been getting microwaved by the ozone hole down here in NZ for a while now.
Finally, let's party like it's 1999!
In 2020 the atmospheric levels of CFCs, all five of them, were highest than ever (since record keeping of the atmosphere began), yet the hole is almost closed? We have been studying the Ozone for a few decades, and we immediately think that the hole in the Ozone is from us. Wonder why ppl like me aren't ready to pay double for an electric vehicle, drink from paper straws, or eat bugs?
Those in favor of renaming the Zone of Avoidance to the Zone of Don't Bother, say Aye! 😅
Aye!
I knew my captain planet ring would work eventually...
The moon will be nearly full during the peak of this year's Leonid shower. This will wash out all but the brightest meteors. Not the best year for this shower.
I’m kind of surprised that there was no mention in the video of the full moon. Also, I checked online last night about the expectations for the Leonids this year and was surprised to read that it was not expected to be a good year, contrary to what I perceived from the video. Perhaps I was just hoping.
At that point (midnight), I went back to sleep.
Question for the question show: We’re always hearing things described as being “big enough to be seen from space” but what does that actually mean at this point? How big does something have to be to be “seen from space” and what is seeing it? Does it mean astronauts on the ISS can see it with the naked eye?
In 2024, the Antarctic ozone hole reached its seventh-smallest size since monitoring began, covering nearly 8 million square miles-about three times the size of the contiguous United States. This reduction is attributed to the decline in ozone-depleting substances, thanks to international agreements like the Montreal Protocol. Scientists project that, if current trends continue, the ozone layer could fully recover by 2066.
Is there zoomable images from euclid
Is there really a hole or just a thinning of the ozone layer?
National reconnaissance office needs the resolution to count the grains of rice in Kim jong un’s lunch
The zone of avoidance is the 10º radius around the Orion Nebula because scope owners are embarrassed to be seen pointing at such an easy object. This makes a lot of really interesting targets off-limits!
Hi Fraser, if a theoretical wormhole fell into Ton 618, what would happen? At what point would travelling between distant points stop? Would it be one way journeys only or would it simply collapse and that's that? Some suggest falling into massive black holes is actually quite genital.
10:20 Wouldn't it be an ellipseoid with the supernova at one foci and us at the other?
why is there no ozone hole over the north pole too.
This good news reminds me of when people believed in science and not fox news
Or CNN or NBC or any of the other drive-by media that has long forgotten how to report the news. It's not that a particular ideology is doing it wrong. It's that EVERYBODY is doing it wrong and that's scary.
4:17 I had the same thought
7:00 I wonder how long before scientists will observe that "burning on reentry", compacted or not, isn't actually that good for the planet's magnetosphere or any other layer. Of course if the Kessler Syndrome kicks thety will have other worries.
there is a much larger supercluster hidden by the Zone of Avoidance, that makes the Lankyia supercluster look small, and everything is close enough to it is moving in that direction including "The Great Attractor" There is a few supeclusters all heading the same way. This kind of pattern maybe repeated elsewhere.
I want to says it's from the Euclid telescope, but I'd have to dig round to double check...
Something I have never seen pointed out, but I am fairly certain is the case.
The Antarctic ozone hole per se is not of particular concern, except perhaps for penguins. There aren’t a lot of sunbathers in the area. It is simply a handy, representative proxy for the layer’s health elsewhere across the globe, but in an easy to measure and visualize form.
Am I correct?
Also, the estimated 3 billion tons of ozone in the layer would make a concentrated layer of the opure ozone only 3 mm thick at the earth’s surface pressure, the thickness of a couple sunglasses’ lenses but far lighter (and highly poisonous to breathe).
11:07 are there black holes that are known really for sure, we know them and there is nothing new we can discover about them, or we just think we know them?
4:26 Just like Hubble, running off of KH-11 hardware
Could the light going around a black hole be used to see the past of the earth?
10:26 this is impossible. You cannot remotely observe a ring of light expanding from a distant event before the ring reaches you.
That's why it's called a light echo, you're watching the light bounce off something and reflect toward you. You see the initial light, and then you see light bouncing off stuff around it.
Totally off topic i see you have a meta quest behind you. Do you recommend it. Wanna get for my son for christmas
Yeah, it's pretty amazing.
All those arms on Nancy Grace, three sets of two? What is the starburst going to look like?
? Any news on theories of structure: length of central bar vs spiral arm, vs the stars around the black hole having random orbits vs the those orbits forming the inner edge of those forming the bar disk plain and the distribution of such ratios? please
1960s had the last great storm from the Leonids.
Every 33 years it has a greater chance of being a storm. 1966 was good. I didn't see it but sure enough 33 years later in 1999 it was great.
We did not know about the “hole in the ozone” until about 1970.
The hole is a cyclical thing. It is created from sunlight striking oxygen in the upper atmosphere. This only occurs in the summer months. In the winter months, when that hemisphere is pointed away from the sun, the ozone begins breaking down. Ozone has a short half life. And if you watch the hole, you can see it oscillate seasonally. Watch it over several decades. We dont have too many. Seeing as we have only known about since the 1970’s. Thats all the data we have.
Question: why doesn’t this happen at the north pole? Where CFC’s from mankind should be much more concentrated? Why do they end up at the opposite side of the world?
Answer: they dont, its not mankind’s doing. CFC’s are a natural occurrence. Take the eruption of Mt Pinatubo in the 1990’s. It belched forth hundreds of times more CFC’s, and threw them into the upper atmosphere. And it barely had an effect.
Question: How does a heavy gas, like CFC, get to the upper atmosphere? CFC’s, are much heavier than ambient air. You can take a 10 gallon fish tank. Fill it with CFC’s. Make a paper boat. And it will float on top of that gas because it is so dense.
In the U.S., we have had people asphyxiated by using tanks of CFC’s, to fill things like inflatable mattresses. Two particular instances comes to mind. Both occured in the early 1980’s. The first one, not a mattress filling event, but a basement filling event. Had a large bottle of CFC refrigerant is his basement leak. Killing everyone that ventured into the basement. The entire family succumbed to it. Rescue workers too. Until someone was smart enough to don O2 mask. And vent the basement.
The other, used a bottle of refrigerant to inflate his inner tubes at the lake while camping. It worked so well he also used it to inflate his inflatable mattress in his tent. He and his family died in their sleep. The mattress had leaked.
The one good thing that CFC destroying ozone was destroying ground level ozone. A pollution. When CFC were outlawed, ground level ozones were on an incline, that paralleled the compliance. The less CFC were used, the more ground level ozone increased. This was corrected by stricter pollution regulation. And the ground level ozone very quickly corrected itself. Because it has a short half life. Measured in hours. Ozone, naturally breaks down on its own. Very quickly. The ozone hole will always come back, and oscillating is what it does.
Light moves at the speed of light..... Duh!! 😂❤
I know it's a silly question but ... When we map the sky are we seeing a map of where things are or where they were ?
Yes.
You see the light as it arrives. The stuff in the sky is all far away. The travel time depends on distance.
Not a silly question
I went to school for HVAC and the cfc destroying the ozone and how it does it was taught in the first lesson
Some of these science denialists in the comments section could benefit from some HVAC schooling! It's not up for debate. Just like the spherical shape of the planet, it's a fact not subject to debate.
@@williampotter3369 _"radio signals. it has the side effect of punching a hole in the ozone if done too frequently. "_ Yikes! Everybody put on their tinfoil hats to protect from the radiation these science denialists spew.
Science isn't dependent on your flawed logic. It's dependent on observations and experimental results. There is NO data that suggests radio waves from communication with Antarctic bases has a fart's chance in a typhoon of causing the hole in the ozone....
On second thought we'd better double up on those tinfoil hats. It's a wonder these science denialists can feed themselves.
Sierra are making a trash compactor ?....I wonder if it can compact Wookies ? as well as the other, far smaller brown objects...
Life exists in pitch black mines and deep caves !
Imagine us moving our star and getting near another solar system with life. They would be like wtf😮🤯
MFATW said this would happen months ago. 🙏
4:15 his pondering is pretty funny. Maybe it wasn't even a quality issue. Maybe they needed a JWST-sized visible light telescope to spy on Earth instead.
Thanks.
Remember when the hole in the ozone was going to kill us all?
And the acid rain that would burn your skin
Did he say it was a layer?
What improvement will the Roman telescope have over the James Webb?
James Webb mirror is narrow field of view vs Roman wide angle.
Its not that one is better than the other, just different uses.
James Webb is an F/20 131400mm or 131.4m. Its very slow, but can see very far away small areas.
Roman is an F/7.9 2400mm or 2.4m. Compared to JW, its very fast and can see alot more area.
7:28 - Very Dune
9:55 ❤❤❤
11:19 ❤❤❤
i come here faster than light just to watch this video.
Hey Fraser, unrelated question here, but hope you'll address it. I recently saw a video on Dr. Richard Lieu's theory suggesting you can have gravity without mass. I'm completely baffled. Can you explain and opine?
PBS Spacetime was the best I saw
I got angry at danish radio and the people who advocate for removal of the holes in the atmosphere.
Danish radio said that it was a bad thing we reduced the holes, because it made globalwarming skyrocketed acording to ecological researchers.
This comment made me furious because of the way they had strangelholded the eco narrative of ozoneholes bad and now this year ozone holes can be a saving grace against global warming...
Seems funny that they would wait until the service life of the ISS is nearly over before equipping it with something as simple as a trash compactor. How many billions will that cost which could be better spent?
It seems weird to me that the space engineers wear white overalls but they do not cover their eyebrows. Eyebrows drop debris a lot, including hairs and dandruff like skin.
The mirror is similar to hubble's....umm, I hope not!🤭
RE: CFCs, Your information isn't 100% accurate. Under extremely cold (almost liquid O2 temperatures) conditions CFCs (Chloro Fluoro Carbons) can break up ozone in a process that requires UV light to keep going (much like ozone formation itself, and CFC's are not as good as ozone at catching UVs, that much is true. Another factor is that oxygen gas and ozone are weakly repelled by magnetic fields, and NASA was aware of polar ozone holes long before CFCs were invented. They've always been there. Another factor is chlorine, fluorine, and carbon compounds emitted from natural sources (i.e. volcanoes).
14:12 If we could ever build such a thing, wouldn't it just be a solar sail, and blown apart? What could possibly anchor the Sun to it?
A silly SciFi answer: planetoids on strings on the same side of the Sun as solar sail.
Cool, shame we now ignore the problem cos there isn’t a visible hole, or sign, or tomorrows world (what a great program).
7:54 in that image there is darker area which is not in the center.
9:50 is it, can we now list all research papers and scientist words about it that are now wrong please. Can it be you just did not map it well enough, even now, so there is no "attractor" instead they are just moving as our own galaxy is moving but we just can not see them or all of them instead we just see "outside" ones, does our own galaxy look like it is attracted to something when or if you would look at us from the other side or some other angle or position? What happened to statement that all galaxies move toward that "attractor" which is great for some reason?
And you forgot the Hyper sooper Moon...lol
well, there goes my vacation spot.
12:40 here you need thin enough not connected to a number, and there you have couple of meters needed to protect you from the radiation so is there a sweet spot, how thin are we talking about? It must be more than couple of meters thick, but that would be called thin enough if it is? What type of ice are there any impurities in it, bubbles, is there anything over the ice.... in couple of meters of ice with some bubbles and impurities you could have just few percents of light left under that on the Earth or even 0% if we are talking about the Mars. So no, sorry there is exact amount of life there as it is on the Venus.
And if you think there is slightest possibility, did we already contaminated and potentially killed it, should we do that or stop any further landing on the Mars, and remove everything we did throw there?
why are the meteors not all going in the same direction?
They originate from a specific spot in the sky and radiate outward from there. The showers are named after the constellation of origin. So, the Leonids appear to be coming from the constellation Leo.
And even during a meteor shower, sporadic meteors are still present and their frequency can be as great as the meteor shower. A part of every meteor shower observation is the count of shower meteors as opposed to sporadics.
Floating in ISS, sipping on garbage juice..
If the green guys had their way they would outlaw CH4 😂
Are we going to find out what the Great Attractor is?
I answer that question in this very video.
He answers that question every video.
Does it matter?
Been answered a million times. It's an overdensity of galaxies. An area of massive galaxy supercluster.
Huh. Well, in retrospect, a trash compactor for the ISS is obvious. Now how will they leverage that really improve human presence in space? Water and atmosphere, sure. You already said that. Maybe also somehow using fewer service missions, which is also millions of dollars? I struggle to see that, though, since cargo missions both go up and go down. So the "down" mission holding compacting material, I guess, is using much less space. That's not a savings (monetarily). Whatever, improving space efficiency is good.
how many times have Dupont nearly killed us all eh
So we cannot even send people to the Moon and back but now we wanna use the Sun to go around the Galaxy ?!????
We can think about how to do it, not actually do it. You see the difference?
@@frasercain It's amazing how sober scientific discussions get invaded by these Internet anarchists.
Any time I see a video or read an article about the ozone hole over the Antarctic, I watch/read to see if it includes information on the effect of the sun (which does not hit most of Antarctica for _long_ stretches of time) upon the ozone over the pole. Because the ozone "hole" is actually a natural, seasonal effect in that part of the world. If you doubt it, ask yourself why ozone over the more populated parts of the world, you know, the parts of the world that emit these gases, does not also experience a "hole" or perhaps a band of ozone depletion. The answer lies in the way the sun reacts with O2 to create O3 (ozone) and so if you don't have sun, you don't have ozone. It's that simple, and videos like this are either deliberately deceptive or more likely, ignorant of the chemistry.
I Wonder if there has ALWAYS been a Hole there....Does anyone actually know?
One of the reasons CFCs (Chlorofluorocarbon) were beaten..., as in people stopped importing them. Was TARIFFS! Yes, what Trump wants to do with all your stuff. Let me just repeat myself, we STOPPED important stuff that had high tariffs, while also needing other documents of course, but the financial incentive to use something else was high. Fortunately for Nasa, there is not tariffs or taxes on exports...
The hole gets larger and smaller it has nothing to do with fluorocarbons.
Isn't it true that we don't have billions of years left. I thought it was 1 billion years before the sun gets too hot to support life as we know it.
It's true, you have about 70 years on average. Enjoy..
Your argument RE the O3 layer is so disconnected from reality. Just because they said so? Southern hole? Sorry, you lost me. Other than an anti-CFC talking point, why is this relevant?
This is based on 50 years of scientific observations. All the records are public. Why don't you do your own analysis and show us defensible information based on the data collected that shows the ozone layer has nothing to do with shielding Earth from ultraviolet solar radiation. The water's warm. Do your research and collect your Nobel Prize.