Imagine riding an elevator from the ring to the axle. You gradually go from 1g to 0g. It would initially feel like you are moving up but as "gravity" decreased, you would quickly begin to feel like you are accelerating downward until you feel you are in complete freefall. One hell of a carnival ride.
@@peeperleviathan2839 True I had considered that. I imagine that for maximum comfort the cabin would rotate to give some semblance of normalcy. Otherwise. perhaps a sloped floor of some sort. So that for a period at partial g you are sort of standing on the wall. Like in teh Gravitron carnival ride but with far less g-force.
5:51 since i've just did my laundry, i used the oportunity to ask it about centrifugal force. Unfortunately it excercised its right to remain silent, instead of giving me the entire laundry list of complaints i expected.
nowdays: "Dad, I want to go to Stanford" "are you insane? that'll cost a million bucks!, go to the community college!" immagine this conversation in a hundred years: "Dad, I want to go to a Stanford" "just take the rocket kid, you are old enough to fly, just call when you dock" now that's progress!
I find it funny showing a picture of an O'Neill cylinder with forests and overhead telegraph poles (made from wood, why not?) when you've got all that underground where you could route conduits.
Well we've a lot of ground under us here and still do it, but agree, if you're literally building your ground it make sense to include that infrastructure while you're doing that.
Always nice to see that you still like my 3d models and use them for your backgrounds. (2:47 and 3:43 for example). If you ever need a model like these 2 for a upcoming video but don't have something that fits, let me know. If it is for one of your video's i dont mind making one for you free of charge.
I wish more scifi movies were a about realistic space habitats. I think living in space is almost interesting enough that you dont need aliens or war to make it a cool movie
I expect the 'centrifugal force doesn't exist' folks number will start to decline when we have large rotating space habitats with elevated platforms and balconies that we could push them of so they can figure how real is centrifugal force is..
I actually thought the title was "*standard* torus space habitat" and didn't even batt an eye because on this channel space habitats are so common place at this point that the idea of a default standard type ready for mass production (that we could do now but aren't because the private profit capitalist economy is incompatible with true outerspace infrastructure because of the upfront costs of r&d and original infrastructure is way too high for profit driven entities to do on their own) is just an everyday thing for here lol
that whole "centrifugal force isnt real" thing just reinforces that we humans are reactionary far more often than our cognitive dissonance will allow us to recognize, and our positions are far less often rationally derived than they are simply repeated from the ether.
A Torus would also make a good starting point for more expansive space settlement. They are relatively easy to set up and "cheap", great for when it is the very first space habitation in that area/star system. Set one up near/at an asteroid belt to harvest and process raw materials into construction materials to build more/bigger space habitats, ships, supplies etc. You could even have one ring for habitation/farming, another one for processing raw materials (for those that need/are easier to work with in gravity) and another to turn the processed materials into needed end products.
Here's an idea. A flat disk with several independently rotating sections. The attachments to the hub would be a "cage" on the bottom side of the disk (or right or left side in the veiw from the habitat space) with independent spokes attaching each part of the disk to the central axis. That would allow each disk portion to spin at any desired rotation to allow 1G or any variant (exception likely being the innermost ring because of the tight radius and coriolis effect). The central hubs "upwards" section (opposite the attachment cage) would have the sun like illumination source or reflective array as depicted in this video and the individual disk sections would have a clear, 90° ceiling, from azimuth to 0° horizontal facing out towards the illumination source. It would have the benefit of decreased atmosphere requirements versus O'Neil designs while adding multiple layers for habitation or industry with varied, and/or variable rotation speeds.
40 acres and a mule was said for a reason. That was the required area required to support a family back in the days of old. I suspect that would be a very good rule. Tech of course would make that smaller but if your a dirt farmer...
Max tech has this down to less than half an acre per person. maybe .25 acre. Global average for farming is jsut over an acre of arable farmland being farmed per capita i think.
One thought ~ When we started thinking about this, the signs were that wild population growth would continue, and we'd have to build huge numbers of space habitats to house the 555 trillion human wave. What we're starting to see now, is a 'J' curve. If you take people out of subsistence farming for a couple of generations ~ they stop having 15 kids and may have one, or none. I think the need to build high capacity space habitats, was a whole lot more pressing 20 years ago. The way it looks today, much of the reason we'd want them, has not happened. It is still an intersting engineering question, but it's no longer a question of having enough lifeboats on the Titanic. It's looking like we are not going to insanely over-populate the Earth after all. [sigh] Sea levels are going to rise ... If Peter F Hamilton is right, then I want a berth on Tranquility Habitat. Tranquility is very cool, and she's nice, and she can FTL jump way further than any other ship or jumper. Which means, she could not just look at the distant parts of this Milky Way galaxy, she could take a year or two and make it to the Magellanic Clouds ... For those who have not read The Night's Dawn trilogy ~ imagine a renegade Brit Royal Family member, like say Harry & Megan, and he built a new space habitat, with all the very best of Western and Eastern technology. No prejudice here, we simply use the best answer available, including a mix of both. Imagine a space-faring version of the Principality of Monaco... complete with casinos and playboys and stuff, yachts, and the habitat is sentient, and bonded to the Princess, the Lord of Ruin. (Daughter of the renegade Prince.) She is the owner and supreme monarch of the most desirable piece of space real-estate in the universe. Then we learn the Lord of Ruin has a daughter, and she is the new Lord, and she is 19 years old and hot. And only then do we learn Tranquility can make FTL jumps ~ huge jumps. Tranquility can go anywhere, and get there faster than any other human artifact. Tranquility is, by a huge margin, the most desirable piece of real-estate in the universe.
Some improvements: the radiation shielding doesn't have to be spun up, it can be a stationary shell; there have to be at least two counter-rotating rotors, to preserve the angular momentum while accelerating/decelerating electrically; these lead to having a non-rotating axis, to which there will also have to be some rotating guide wires, to control axial stability; the rotors themselves and the guide wires will have to be connected to the non-rotating axis via some serious bearings, maybe magnetic; all of these parts have to at least be duplicated for redundancy, meaning at least 4 rotors, multiple sets of bearings and guide wires per rotor, and possibly multiple non-rotating axis. Knowing the maximum tolerable Coriolis effect is really crucial here, since it influences all of the above. By my rough napkin calculations, the rotor can be no smaller than 1km in radius, but it could need to be bigger.
The spear could be pretty useful for two reasons that can be carried out simultaneously. If you wanted to have your spear be semi-independent, or at least you know be independent for a good amount of time. You can do production far from the equator where you have a little bit of gravity so you're steal i-beams don't float but you can also use minimal effort to lift to them. And it would also be good for off-earth reacclimation where you can start at the polls and then move towards the equator as you re adjust.
I would love to see a series of more near-term topics and concepts, perhaps even Isaac’s vision of the next several decades. Could make for a good narrative as well?
An advantage of the donut over a cylinder is it is much stronger for a given outer rotational speed (ie gravity), so less wall thickness for the pressure vessel. For a working example say you have a strong transparent material of with allowable design stress of 1 GPa. A cylinder with radius of 1 km would need 100 mm of wall thickness. A donut with a say 100 m wall to wall space with the same outer radius obtains the same spin speed (gravity) but only needs 5 mm of wall thickness. Cylinders can support many more people, but need far more advances in materials and engineering. The cylinder would benefit a lot from a lower pressure atmosphere, like pure oxygen, and lower gravity, likely with some genetic modification to allow people to live off a lower pressure pure oxygen & lower gravity.
I'm not sure if you already have a video on this but I've been wondering recently about how would we get all the dirt to put in these habitats? Or even water for that matter? Could we try to create water through chemical reactions and only use hydroponics? Then is there a way to create water using chemical reactions without taking any of those elements from earth? It seems impossible to me not to at least take nutrients from the earth which would then negatively affect the earth's biome eventually. Maybe I'm wrong but it has always seemed to me that nutrients on a planet are a finite resource. Anyway thanks for the videos, they are very informative and interesting!
It’s a good question. I think you’d go through the process of converting the rock to soil in a manner analogous to the way volcanic rock is converted on earth
True I have a small hydroponics setup. it does have huge advantages in leafy vegetables production. But nobody has yet to crack the root crop conundrum.
Isaac has spoken about terraforming Mars and in there he said that algae could be grown with martian soil to process the barren crappy rock I to smooth and nutrient rich earth. Maybe we could take lunar soil and process it like that. Lifting dirt from earth in rockets seems like a lot of effort, literally for dirt. Water too....we will have plenty of sources of water because water forms by burning hydrogen aka rocket fuel.
The same elements that are present on earth are also present out there in space. For biology the big 4 elements are hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen. Oxygen's might seem scarce out in space but actually most of what we would call rock and sand are metal oxides and if those are harvested for their metal oxygen will be produced as a byproduct. Hydrogen exists as a gas in the atmosphere of the gas giants. You can also find water in the form of ice (comets etc). Carbon dioxide is present in the atmosphere of most of the planets and frozen carbon dioxide is present in most of the same places you would find Water ice. Many of the moons of the gas giants also have methane which is CH⁴. Nitrogen is present in the atmospheres of many planets and also in the form of ammonia NH³.
I am near positive that human beings will be very comfortable in lower than 1g gravity. Maybe not for developing children, but for adults at least. And that will make the structural engineering of these things much much easier.
I think a large chunk of the centrifugal and centripetal forces not being real was largely due to people in graduating classes of 2010-2013 were being taught in school one or both werent real. Woulda been class of '12 if i hadnt dropped out, and until i dropped out and started watching more science shows that was all i heard.
Happy Thanksgiving everyone. Isaac among my long list of things in grateful for today, just know you're on that list buddy! Thanks for talking about such an interesting things and really expanding my mind of what is possible abd whats not possible! Impossible is a made up word by lazy people!!! I like to think with what age I am by the time im 60 they will likely have discovered ways to extend ones life and I may get to see a few of the things you've discussed on this channel.
The other day, my 5 year old read the word "Licorice" as "Lico o rice," not the correct pronunciation, "lico o rish." Language also has problems with naming.
The illustration starting at 25:21 is inappropriate - The sets of toruses should be stationary. Gyroscopic precession will rip each torus off its support if each set of four were rotating as a set.
Happy Thanksgiving Everybody! Gravity health is important. 0-g isnt healthy. We need more data. Doing spin gravity experiments with the grandkids after dinner.... Thanks Isaac
Isaac, what would the Earth's human population have to be in order to warrant living off-world in one of these space habitats? Thanks for the cool video!
I don't think that we would be putting people into space habitats to solve overcrowding. We would have to be in the trillions for that to be a concern, anyway. I think the warranting will be done by economic incentives...."How much money can be made by doing science and space tourism?"
Am I the only one that consideres 67 sm per capita super luxurious? That's way bigger than anything I've ever lived in and i don't think it is needed at all. Whole families live in under 40 sm. 20 nm flats are abundant in every town b let alone cities. Not to mention Hong Kong. Ok, I do agree that a section of Hong Kong in space aren't what we should aim for but still. And it doesn't need houses IMO. Just put the soil atop of the flats or even better, put them in smaller but otgerwise similar rings and or the axle between two or more Stanfords. (As Isaac mentions in this video.) And future farming will definitely take less space and shielding than now would be considering the timeline. Also future food engeeniering and bioengineering would make more with less. That's how i always imagined it at least.
7:19 “Folks have mostly stopped repeating the ‘centrifugal force doesn’t exist’ truism.” Now if only we can get them to stop repeating the “purple doesn’t exist.” truism. Wavelength and color aren’t the same thing all colors only exist is our minds not just purple. What makes purple different is that it is a non-spectral color. But that doesn’t make it any less real than all the others.
@@isaacarthurSFIAThe truism is often quoted as purple OR magenta. Either way both statements are false. Non-spectral colors are just as real a spectral colors. _Color_ isn’t a property of light _wavelength_ is, and they aren’t the same. Otherwise metamers wouldn’t exist. And two organisms can look at the _same wavelength_ of light and see _different colors_ . Color cannot be sensed, it can only be perceived. Wavelength can be sensed.
We are the International one too, the name is a leftover from the mid-80s merger but we had international chapters even then and leadership has always included them too. The Chair of the Borad of Directors, Kirby, is Australian, so is the incoming VP of Chapters, Greg, who is also currently the VP (head) of the Australian chapters. There's always talk of switching the name around but ISS might get confusing, for instance.
every spinning habitat must keep the centre of mass at the centre of rotation. If you unbalance the mass, you cause the Dzhanibekov effect, putting so much stress on the components as the habitat flips around between axes, that it rips apart. While the habitat is spinning, you cannot remove mass or add mass to the outer ring. We will need systems to balance the mass, or the habitat will destroy itself. And we still have zero idea how close the centres must be or how much time we have to correct the problem.
@@tomarmadiyer2698 it's really clear that you have zero to contribute to a rational discussion. Thanks for playing! Happy Thanksgiving - you should be thankful for your sense of humor!
Objects that are sufficiently large will generally stabilise around their axis of most inertia due to the effects of internal energy dissipation. In the case of a Stanford Torus, this is the axis we want it to rotate around. The Dzhanibekov effect scales with angular momentum, which in the case of a Stanford Torus is a puny 0.21rad/s. This stable rotation about the axis of most inertia happened to Explorer 1, which was the first satellite launched by the US... despite the fact it was supposed to rotate around a different axis! This could be trouble for long O'Niell cylinders, but donuts are safe because the instability caused by the Dzhanibekov effect is negligible compared to stabilising internal effects.
@@BlackEpyon ballasts that move... we should move water around for balance... it's the easiest & quickest way, but we'll have to know where the mass is and how much mass it has.
President Trump and Elon Musk are going to breathe new life into American space exploration. The final frontier will be a source of hope and inspiration again.
Not really in their published plans. But I do agree with the second statement. Blount raised concerns about this approach. "NASA is already relatively cash-strapped for its various missions. While Musk may provide insights on management and efficiency, his claims of drastic budget reductions do not bode well for an agency that balances human spaceflight, science, and public benefits," he said.
![SAFEPLANET - ดาวเคราะห์ [ THE PLANET ]](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/4X1XL3I_k3c/mqdefault.jpg)
It's refreshing to see some smaller-scale projects that could be built within a more feasible timeline after many gigastructure videos.
Agreed
Agreed also, but of course by the second half of the video he's talking about tearing down moons to build billions of these things lol. Gotta love it.
Bernal sphere or ellipsoid is also a cool project to build.
Eh i wish to live long enough to visit such station myself
Yes, I much prefer this over all the far fetched, pie-in-the-sky-may-as-well-be-magic stuff! 👍
We'll be doing the Bernal Sphere, Hammer Habs, and O'Neill cylinders next, about one every other month
Imagine riding an elevator from the ring to the axle. You gradually go from 1g to 0g. It would initially feel like you are moving up but as "gravity" decreased, you would quickly begin to feel like you are accelerating downward until you feel you are in complete freefall. One hell of a carnival ride.
Also you would be pushed into the side of the elevator as you rise
@@peeperleviathan2839 True I had considered that. I imagine that for maximum comfort the cabin would rotate to give some semblance of normalcy. Otherwise. perhaps a sloped floor of some sort. So that for a period at partial g you are sort of standing on the wall. Like in teh Gravitron carnival ride but with far less g-force.
I love seeing videos about smaller-scale habitats alongside the same channel as Dyson Spheres and Matrioshka Brains!
Happy thanksgiving! Also great that you are bringing up some smaller scale projects! :D
Today, I'm thankful for Isaac Arthur dropping a new episode!
Happy Thanksgiving everyone.
5:51 since i've just did my laundry, i used the oportunity to ask it about centrifugal force. Unfortunately it excercised its right to remain silent, instead of giving me the entire laundry list of complaints i expected.
:)
nowdays:
"Dad, I want to go to Stanford"
"are you insane? that'll cost a million bucks!, go to the community college!"
immagine this conversation in a hundred years:
"Dad, I want to go to a Stanford"
"just take the rocket kid, you are old enough to fly, just call when you dock"
now that's progress!
Elroy Jetson style
I find it funny showing a picture of an O'Neill cylinder with forests and overhead telegraph poles (made from wood, why not?) when you've got all that underground where you could route conduits.
Well we've a lot of ground under us here and still do it, but agree, if you're literally building your ground it make sense to include that infrastructure while you're doing that.
Always nice to see that you still like my 3d models and use them for your backgrounds. (2:47 and 3:43 for example).
If you ever need a model like these 2 for a upcoming video but don't have something that fits, let me know.
If it is for one of your video's i dont mind making one for you free of charge.
@nickv8334 Thank you for your contribution to the channel!
I really like your habitation designs!
I like the second one, good sense of size and it is the closest to what i see when I imagine a rotary habitat ❤
I wish more scifi movies were a about realistic space habitats. I think living in space is almost interesting enough that you dont need aliens or war to make it a cool movie
Topics like this make my head spin!
I'm going to have to steal that line the Next time I talking spin-grav :)
I expect the 'centrifugal force doesn't exist' folks number will start to decline when we have large rotating space habitats with elevated platforms and balconies that we could push them of so they can figure how real is centrifugal force is..
I actually thought the title was "*standard* torus space habitat" and didn't even batt an eye because on this channel space habitats are so common place at this point that the idea of a default standard type ready for mass production (that we could do now but aren't because the private profit capitalist economy is incompatible with true outerspace infrastructure because of the upfront costs of r&d and original infrastructure is way too high for profit driven entities to do on their own) is just an everyday thing for here lol
that whole "centrifugal force isnt real" thing just reinforces that we humans are reactionary far more often than our cognitive dissonance will allow us to recognize, and our positions are far less often rationally derived than they are simply repeated from the ether.
A Torus would also make a good starting point for more expansive space settlement. They are relatively easy to set up and "cheap", great for when it is the very first space habitation in that area/star system. Set one up near/at an asteroid belt to harvest and process raw materials into construction materials to build more/bigger space habitats, ships, supplies etc.
You could even have one ring for habitation/farming, another one for processing raw materials (for those that need/are easier to work with in gravity) and another to turn the processed materials into needed end products.
And can easily be scaled up by attaching more toruses.
Coffee and space donuts!
I prefer inertial force to pseudo or fake force. It more clearly describes the origin while not suggesting there isn’t a force that can be felt
Screw Mars, give me Lagrangian space colonies!
I can see a market for a space hotel using this technology. It's actually weird no one's built one yet. Something for Elon Musk to look into.
Finally non ai thumbnail
Why are they bad tho?
@likemau5552 they look terrible, disproportional, messy. And i dont want machines to replace real artists anywhere.
Here's an idea.
A flat disk with several independently rotating sections. The attachments to the hub would be a "cage" on the bottom side of the disk (or right or left side in the veiw from the habitat space) with independent spokes attaching each part of the disk to the central axis. That would allow each disk portion to spin at any desired rotation to allow 1G or any variant (exception likely being the innermost ring because of the tight radius and coriolis effect).
The central hubs "upwards" section (opposite the attachment cage) would have the sun like illumination source or reflective array as depicted in this video and the individual disk sections would have a clear, 90° ceiling, from azimuth to 0° horizontal facing out towards the illumination source.
It would have the benefit of decreased atmosphere requirements versus O'Neil designs while adding multiple layers for habitation or industry with varied, and/or variable rotation speeds.
Once we begin space mining it’s not outlandish to assume we could build such a structure in the next 100-200 years
You mean 100-200 yrs post commercially successful space mining?
@@4124V4TA-SNPCA-xyes 👍
I still remember saving up my money and buying myself a membership in the L5 Society when I was in highschool. Good memories.
40 acres and a mule was said for a reason. That was the required area required to support a family back in the days of old. I suspect that would be a very good rule. Tech of course would make that smaller but if your a dirt farmer...
Max tech has this down to less than half an acre per person. maybe .25 acre. Global average for farming is jsut over an acre of arable farmland being farmed per capita i think.
Happy Arthursday
Long live the indomitable human spirit!
One thought ~ When we started thinking about this, the signs were that wild population growth would continue, and we'd have to build huge numbers of space habitats to house the 555 trillion human wave. What we're starting to see now, is a 'J' curve. If you take people out of subsistence farming for a couple of generations ~ they stop having 15 kids and may have one, or none.
I think the need to build high capacity space habitats, was a whole lot more pressing 20 years ago. The way it looks today, much of the reason we'd want them, has not happened. It is still an intersting engineering question, but it's no longer a question of having enough lifeboats on the Titanic. It's looking like we are not going to insanely over-populate the Earth after all.
[sigh] Sea levels are going to rise ...
If Peter F Hamilton is right, then I want a berth on Tranquility Habitat. Tranquility is very cool, and she's nice, and she can FTL jump way further than any other ship or jumper. Which means, she could not just look at the distant parts of this Milky Way galaxy, she could take a year or two and make it to the Magellanic Clouds ...
For those who have not read The Night's Dawn trilogy ~ imagine a renegade Brit Royal Family member, like say Harry & Megan, and he built a new space habitat, with all the very best of Western and Eastern technology. No prejudice here, we simply use the best answer available, including a mix of both. Imagine a space-faring version of the Principality of Monaco... complete with casinos and playboys and stuff, yachts, and the habitat is sentient, and bonded to the Princess, the Lord of Ruin. (Daughter of the renegade Prince.) She is the owner and supreme monarch of the most desirable piece of space real-estate in the universe. Then we learn the Lord of Ruin has a daughter, and she is the new Lord, and she is 19 years old and hot. And only then do we learn Tranquility can make FTL jumps ~ huge jumps. Tranquility can go anywhere, and get there faster than any other human artifact.
Tranquility is, by a huge margin, the most desirable piece of real-estate in the universe.
Is there any chance, we'll get a live stream Q&A anytime soon? I have so many questions!
13:32 - When unit conversion went wrong.
Some improvements: the radiation shielding doesn't have to be spun up, it can be a stationary shell; there have to be at least two counter-rotating rotors, to preserve the angular momentum while accelerating/decelerating electrically; these lead to having a non-rotating axis, to which there will also have to be some rotating guide wires, to control axial stability; the rotors themselves and the guide wires will have to be connected to the non-rotating axis via some serious bearings, maybe magnetic; all of these parts have to at least be duplicated for redundancy, meaning at least 4 rotors, multiple sets of bearings and guide wires per rotor, and possibly multiple non-rotating axis. Knowing the maximum tolerable Coriolis effect is really crucial here, since it influences all of the above. By my rough napkin calculations, the rotor can be no smaller than 1km in radius, but it could need to be bigger.
Aaaand happy Arthursday!
The spear could be pretty useful for two reasons that can be carried out simultaneously. If you wanted to have your spear be semi-independent, or at least you know be independent for a good amount of time. You can do production far from the equator where you have a little bit of gravity so you're steal i-beams don't float but you can also use minimal effort to lift to them. And it would also be good for off-earth reacclimation where you can start at the polls and then move towards the equator as you re adjust.
I would love to see a series of more near-term topics and concepts, perhaps even Isaac’s vision of the next several decades. Could make for a good narrative as well?
Happy Thanksgiving and another wonderful video, Isaac!
Thanks! You too!
Hexagons mean plenty of walking up or down a slight slope or like a side-hill gouger would have to walk.
Sudden changes in the spin axis will have to be accounted for.
An advantage of the donut over a cylinder is it is much stronger for a given outer rotational speed (ie gravity), so less wall thickness for the pressure vessel. For a working example say you have a strong transparent material of with allowable design stress of 1 GPa. A cylinder with radius of 1 km would need 100 mm of wall thickness. A donut with a say 100 m wall to wall space with the same outer radius obtains the same spin speed (gravity) but only needs 5 mm of wall thickness. Cylinders can support many more people, but need far more advances in materials and engineering. The cylinder would benefit a lot from a lower pressure atmosphere, like pure oxygen, and lower gravity, likely with some genetic modification to allow people to live off a lower pressure pure oxygen & lower gravity.
I always preferred the Stanford torus and thought the O'Neil design was unrealistic.
I'm not sure if you already have a video on this but I've been wondering recently about how would we get all the dirt to put in these habitats? Or even water for that matter? Could we try to create water through chemical reactions and only use hydroponics? Then is there a way to create water using chemical reactions without taking any of those elements from earth? It seems impossible to me not to at least take nutrients from the earth which would then negatively affect the earth's biome eventually. Maybe I'm wrong but it has always seemed to me that nutrients on a planet are a finite resource. Anyway thanks for the videos, they are very informative and interesting!
It’s a good question. I think you’d go through the process of converting the rock to soil in a manner analogous to the way volcanic rock is converted on earth
True I have a small hydroponics setup. it does have huge advantages in leafy vegetables production. But nobody has yet to crack the root crop conundrum.
Isaac has spoken about terraforming Mars and in there he said that algae could be grown with martian soil to process the barren crappy rock I to smooth and nutrient rich earth. Maybe we could take lunar soil and process it like that.
Lifting dirt from earth in rockets seems like a lot of effort, literally for dirt. Water too....we will have plenty of sources of water because water forms by burning hydrogen aka rocket fuel.
The same elements that are present on earth are also present out there in space. For biology the big 4 elements are hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen. Oxygen's might seem scarce out in space but actually most of what we would call rock and sand are metal oxides and if those are harvested for their metal oxygen will be produced as a byproduct. Hydrogen exists as a gas in the atmosphere of the gas giants. You can also find water in the form of ice (comets etc). Carbon dioxide is present in the atmosphere of most of the planets and frozen carbon dioxide is present in most of the same places you would find Water ice. Many of the moons of the gas giants also have methane which is CH⁴. Nitrogen is present in the atmospheres of many planets and also in the form of ammonia NH³.
I am near positive that human beings will be very comfortable in lower than 1g gravity. Maybe not for developing children, but for adults at least. And that will make the structural engineering of these things much much easier.
maybe its finally time for me to make a video about my Atlantis Station
I think a large chunk of the centrifugal and centripetal forces not being real was largely due to people in graduating classes of 2010-2013 were being taught in school one or both werent real. Woulda been class of '12 if i hadnt dropped out, and until i dropped out and started watching more science shows that was all i heard.
13:05 Why are there Boeing 707 jetliners parked inside the O'Neill cylinder?
Happy Thanksgiving everyone. Isaac among my long list of things in grateful for today, just know you're on that list buddy! Thanks for talking about such an interesting things and really expanding my mind of what is possible abd whats not possible! Impossible is a made up word by lazy people!!! I like to think with what age I am by the time im 60 they will likely have discovered ways to extend ones life and I may get to see a few of the things you've discussed on this channel.
The other day, my 5 year old read the word "Licorice" as "Lico o rice," not the correct pronunciation, "lico o rish."
Language also has problems with naming.
How would you rebalance the ring as people move inside? I imagine if you didn't rebalance the whole ring immediately, it would start to wobble.
The illustration starting at 25:21 is inappropriate - The sets of toruses should be stationary.
Gyroscopic precession will rip each torus off its support if each set of four were rotating as a set.
Happy Thanksgiving Everybody!
Gravity health is important. 0-g isnt healthy. We need more data. Doing spin gravity experiments with the grandkids after dinner....
Thanks Isaac
Isaac, what would the Earth's human population have to be in order to warrant living off-world in one of these space habitats?
Thanks for the cool video!
I don't think that we would be putting people into space habitats to solve overcrowding. We would have to be in the trillions for that to be a concern, anyway.
I think the warranting will be done by economic incentives...."How much money can be made by doing science and space tourism?"
Am I the only one that consideres 67 sm per capita super luxurious?
That's way bigger than anything I've ever lived in and i don't think it is needed at all. Whole families live in under 40 sm. 20 nm flats are abundant in every town b let alone cities. Not to mention Hong Kong. Ok, I do agree that a section of Hong Kong in space aren't what we should aim for but still.
And it doesn't need houses IMO. Just put the soil atop of the flats or even better, put them in smaller but otgerwise similar rings and or the axle between two or more Stanfords. (As Isaac mentions in this video.)
And future farming will definitely take less space and shielding than now would be considering the timeline. Also future food engeeniering and bioengineering would make more with less. That's how i always imagined it at least.
10:45 Does the difference in "gravity" between the feet and brain have a bad effect?
excellent, a good way to avoid work I need to do.
7:19 “Folks have mostly stopped repeating the ‘centrifugal force doesn’t exist’ truism.”
Now if only we can get them to stop repeating the “purple doesn’t exist.” truism. Wavelength and color aren’t the same thing all colors only exist is our minds not just purple. What makes purple different is that it is a non-spectral color. But that doesn’t make it any less real than all the others.
I think that's magenta, isn't it?
@@isaacarthurSFIAThe truism is often quoted as purple OR magenta. Either way both statements are false. Non-spectral colors are just as real a spectral colors.
_Color_ isn’t a property of light _wavelength_ is, and they aren’t the same. Otherwise metamers wouldn’t exist. And two organisms can look at the _same wavelength_ of light and see _different colors_ .
Color cannot be sensed, it can only be perceived. Wavelength can be sensed.
Why does it have to be at 1g wouldn't there be advantages to it spinning at .75g?
if a rock collides with the tube, then what?
is there a ISS (international space society)?, its kinda weird to join a national society if you are from another nation
We are the International one too, the name is a leftover from the mid-80s merger but we had international chapters even then and leadership has always included them too. The Chair of the Borad of Directors, Kirby, is Australian, so is the incoming VP of Chapters, Greg, who is also currently the VP (head) of the Australian chapters. There's always talk of switching the name around but ISS might get confusing, for instance.
Note that it isn't the 'American Space Society', so the nation can literally refer to any. :)
I have never liked any habitat with a population below 1 billion
I always prefer the ones that feel like you could put an entire modern civilization in them too :)
every spinning habitat must keep the centre of mass at the centre of rotation. If you unbalance the mass, you cause the Dzhanibekov effect, putting so much stress on the components as the habitat flips around between axes, that it rips apart. While the habitat is spinning, you cannot remove mass or add mass to the outer ring. We will need systems to balance the mass, or the habitat will destroy itself. And we still have zero idea how close the centres must be or how much time we have to correct the problem.
I want to hammerthrow an asteroid at an appreciable percentage of c with this idea
Let's collapse a star and see how fast we can meet a rock
@@tomarmadiyer2698 it's really clear that you have zero to contribute to a rational discussion. Thanks for playing! Happy Thanksgiving - you should be thankful for your sense of humor!
Objects that are sufficiently large will generally stabilise around their axis of most inertia due to the effects of internal energy dissipation. In the case of a Stanford Torus, this is the axis we want it to rotate around. The Dzhanibekov effect scales with angular momentum, which in the case of a Stanford Torus is a puny 0.21rad/s.
This stable rotation about the axis of most inertia happened to Explorer 1, which was the first satellite launched by the US... despite the fact it was supposed to rotate around a different axis!
This could be trouble for long O'Niell cylinders, but donuts are safe because the instability caused by the Dzhanibekov effect is negligible compared to stabilising internal effects.
Do it the same way boats do, with ballasts!
@@BlackEpyon ballasts that move... we should move water around for balance... it's the easiest & quickest way, but we'll have to know where the mass is and how much mass it has.
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31st to comment.
Firstn't
First!!
President Trump and Elon Musk are going to breathe new life into American space exploration. The final frontier will be a source of hope and inspiration again.
💯💯💯💯Trvthnvke
Eh 🤷♂️
We'll see what happens
Hopefully true but also we probably shouldn’t do politics on a non political channel
Not really in their published plans. But I do agree with the second statement. Blount raised concerns about this approach. "NASA is already relatively cash-strapped for its various missions. While Musk may provide insights on management and efficiency, his claims of drastic budget reductions do not bode well for an agency that balances human spaceflight, science, and public benefits," he said.
@@paperburn Who's talking about NASA?
Do u speak english😂😅