England: The Broad Street Pump - The Sanitary Movement - Extra History - Part 4
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 15 ก.ย. 2024
- 📜 England's Broad Street Pump - Part 4 - Extra History
John Snow's report on the causes of cholera provided yet more evidence of the dangers of filthy cities. Cities had always been unhealthy places to live, generally with a higher death rate than the birth rate, but fixing them just wasn't the focus of an agricultural world economy. The Industrial Revolution in the 1700s brought more people to the cities, and suddenly, cities had to grow in order to maintain the vastly expanded manufacturing and shipping operations of the new era. Edwin Chadwick published a report about the sewage in city streets and clearly explained the need to remove it. His report led to legislation that created local health boards and drove the construction of complex sewer systems. These sewers were massive, expensive undertakings that, even today, remain the foundation of many large modern cities. They reduced diseases across the board and saved countless human lives, part of a legacy that John Snow would be proud of.
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Part 1 - • England: The Broad Str...
Part 2 - • England: The Broad Str...
Part 3 - • England: The Broad Str...
Part 4 - • England: The Broad Str...
Series Wrap-up & Lies Episode - • England: The Broad Str...
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As a mechanical engineer that designs plumbing systems, this makes me feel all warm and squishy inside. Either that or I sat in something.
+weesh ful Could be both
+weesh ful Hopefully it wasn't street poop. If it was, you should probably do something about that.
Aragorn195 i had not considered that possibility.
+weesh ful Either that or you have to wear diapers.
+Alien1375 for when you want to feel warm and squishy ALL the time.
Completely missed out a vital historical character in that very time period in that very location; a man named Joseph Bazalgette, he was the civil engineer who proposed the sewer construction. But when he proposed his idea to Parliament, it was rejected due to its high cost. After so many deaths and with thanks to John Snow's findings, the sewer was constructed.
+Mustafa Kulle He didn't invent the sewer.
+Joe Kennedy Thanks, I stand corrected.
+Jety Wawoo Carthage did as well in fact they were first.
Indus Valley cities had them before that.
+Joe Kennedy But did they have AQUEDUCTS?
Thank you John Snow, for letting me walk the streets without wading through waste. And thank you EC, for bringing to light another hero of History.
Thank you indeed
This needs a heart
And thank YOU Nancy Pelosi for doing your part to wipe all that progress out!
@@ladymacbethofmtensk896 Why? What did she do?
@@lifeisnotokiedokie7243 Have you looked at Frisco recently?
It'd a little depressing that he helped bring jn so much and changed the world so greatly and now yoy can't even find him in a top Google search without it directing to the GoT character first.
+tenlosol You know nothing, Google.
+Bluecho4 you are not helping
+Bluecho4 More like: You know too much, Google.
+Bluecho4 More like: You know too much, Google.
Well, that's just how Google works. It prioritizes current things. A few months ago, Google would redirect "genocide" searches to the Undertale genocide run, and today Google is redirecting "Pokemon" searches to Pokemon Go.
"Look, guys, there's poop in the street. We gotta do something about the poop in the street." #ExtraHistory
better late than never
+Extra Credits I just about died at that line, brilliant work as always! Keep it up, and I'll keep watching and urging my friends to do the same.
+Extra Credits "Look, guys, there's poop in the street. We gotta do something about the poop in the street." This quote -for myself at least- quite possibly will be more the defining quote from this series more so than "You Know nothing, John Snow" I quite literally roared out laughing at that line,
+Extra Credits wasten sewer system fund in agent citys ?
I want that shirt.
*You do know something John Snow,you truly do know something...*
*You know one thing John Snow*
+Xqwzts drinking poopy water is bad for you?
+Fezdalek Abraian He knew a LOT.
+Jonathan Ellis One could say he knew a crapload of thins ;D.
+Starship Pwnzers I mostly didn't do research myself, but it's probably people doubting him and his ego, and in other's perspectives, they probably had more "evidence" that was currently there, but mostly unproved/false, or seemed to work, but actually not.
Everyone: "Viruses? In *MY* poop?"
John Snow: "It's more likely than you think."
Learn this one weird trick to avoid catching cholera!
+The SilentCaay Channel Miasmists HATE him!
+katthedemon awwwwww party pooper
party street pooper xD
Sythe Reviews and Commentary The scientist HATE me. ( No, they really do.)
Thousands of years of cvilisation, but we finally understood that shit in the street isn't a good thing
+Redem10 "Finally" is not quite right. The Romans had sewers in their ancient cities, for instance. For whatever reason more modern European cities didn't have them until the industrial revolution.
+Redem10
Actually, Western Europe were still shaking off the Dark Ages.
+Redem10 Actually, we had to relearn it. The Romans made a sewer system aswell.
+Alex Four It seems common sense now but it wasn't as much then because it wasn't "public knowledge" that they learned about through a public school.
It's the same as saying, "Wow, I can't believe how slow it took for humans to build a computer". Throw yourself in a position without one of those ever existing, the idea of it unfathomable and you'll see how tough it is to grasp the idea of "building one".
Well, at least it's taken care of, right? Thanks to John Snow and these other guys. :)
Dear modern sewers
Cheers for being there.
Sincerely
Random citizen
P.S: Sorry about all the shit we give you.
Sorry, this Christian server so no swearing
Samuel Woo XD
P.P.S: Sorry about the pun there.
"Look guys, there's poop in the street. We gotta do something about the poop in the street. Street poop is NOT OKAY, GUYS!"
2018 Los Angeles CA USA
Covered in shit and needles.
@@randybowen4675 pretty sure that's Houston.
We need to take the poop out of the streets and until the schools!
Never been more grateful to have good toilets, clean tap water, and clean showers.
Thank you John Snow, you can RIP knowing your work changed the world
"Excuse me, I'm going to celebrate sanitation right now. I'll be right back"
"Pardon me, I need to go make a sanitary movement."
This is one of my all time favourite success stories. Everyone simply decided that we shouldn't be drinking shit and it happened.
This really inspires me, that people can band together and do something so utterly enormous and literally groundbreaking.
This story gives me faith in humanity.
We still have poop on the streets today. They're just mostly dog poop now instead of human poop. San Francisco also recently tried a public restroom system because homeless people were pooping on the streets--they could now enter one of these restrooms whenever they want and poop in there.
Hat Man Dude we do have toilets 😒
This joke's getting irksome
I have heard about that! Apparently its common practice for those in trouble, to simply poo in public! and let that stool sit on a path! Man its hard to think of, full well knowing every house these days has a toilet!
well that hasn't worked san Francisco has a lot of shit in the streets
Overhazard what did San Francisco ever have payed for toilets I guess this was also three years ago
Other cities are dealing with that issue too, mostly in the underdeveloped world but there are occasions (like San Francisco) where feces, human and animal, are in the streets in developed cities.
Now if we could only clean up the poop in most youtube comment sections....
+InMaTeofDeath Thumbs up for you, Sir.
+InMaTeofDeath "Guys, there's poop on the net. We gotta do something about the poop on the net!" *cue a million shitty replies*
+Aegix Drakan That was a crappy pun and you know it.
How would animals handle the street poop? Why, they'd *scat* -ter it of course!
+MidgardEagle You have my vote for it!
I saw walpole in the health board... WALPINATI CONFIRMED
Why let poop in the streets get in a way of a good crusade.
whooooooooosssssssshhhhhhhh
@@therealchen r/woooooooooooooooooosh
CheChenBoyYT pretty sure the crusade was in the 19th century
Walpole's fault.
@@azelfdaboi5265 you mean r/atomicwooooooosh
Look, guys, there's poop in the street. We gotta do something about the poop in the street.
best line ever
besides "it was walpole."
You know what else we can blame street poop for? High heels. They were invented in ancient Rome to keep noble's feet out of the filth. So every time I have to wear those things and shout 'shit', it's accurate!~
I'm pretty sure our modern high heeled shoes come from medieval equestrian footwear, the longer heel making it easier to keep your foot in the stirrup.
No, high heels were used by horseback riders to get their horses going or have a firm grip.
*****
To be fair, my idea and Fenikkusu's are basically the same...
+Rainbow Hyphen The real answer is that all of them are correct. High heels, as with most inventions, have been independently invented dozens of times, and re-created with new purposes throughout history.
Fun fact: modern stiletto heels appear to have originated in the Pin-Up industry, which actually took them from contemporary bondage gear. And then someone had the insane idea of putting them on a person's feet for a fancy occasion.
High heels been invented independently numerous of times for various reasons.
There were sewer systems before, in ancient cities like Rome and Mohinju Daru. They were built for largely the same reasons (less poop in the streets = fewer epidemics). Did everyone just forget about them or something?
+Bart Stikkers Its an interesting fact that a lot of basic knowledge can be lost during centuries just to be reinvented later again. In some ways the early civilisations or the ancient world had a standard of technologie that got lost at least during the collaps of the roman empire and was reached again in the late 19.century.
+TOFKAS01 I believe the craft of making cement was discovered in antiquity and only rediscovered in the renaissance.
Bedinsis Cement and asphalt.
Kevin O'Neal
And after this, the dark ages began.
+TOFKAS01 And the fire nation attacked!
Why are so many important and relevant parts of history so often ignored?
+Jay Because people today sadly don't read history... or read anything... and sometimes don't even think for that matter.
+Jay Because we *need* to talk about the Civil War and George Washington at least 47 times in the American education system.
+Jay because there is to much history to read and educate to people
+Jay Humans have short memories. In a metaphorical sense, of course. It's hard to remember something that happened before you were born. More to the point, History is long and complicated. There's a lot to pass on, and only so much time in the day to do so. This means that when we teach others history, we have to pick and choose what parts of the human experience thus far are worth preserving. That we have books and historians that preserve the bulk of the details means the common man or woman doesn't need to worry themselves over everything.
So often, when it comes to teaching history, we prioritize things we think are important and relevant to our students. Recent history is a big one, as is the history of a given nation, region of the world, or specific institution. Modern history classes - the ones I sat through in school - often focused on social issues throughout history, as these teachers wanted to push specific details about history as a means of influencing behavior.
And of course, there's the fact that students have other interests. They think in the now, and often resent so much time being taken up by often dry, rote lectures about wars and figures they couldn't possibly care about. It's an uphill battle, teaching people things about the past.
Money... Imagine if everyone was aware of the necessity of good infrastructure.
No, far easier to keep people ignorant.
That, and it just doesn't make for an interesting story or headline. Far easier to glorify other aspects of history.
Being the son of a plumber and growing up learning about all of this at home gives me great joy seeing it now getting some coverage from one o my absolute favorite subscriptions, keep up the fantastic work you awesome people!
Here's to every plumber post sanitation movement that has gotten covered in poo just to make a living and did a good job of it. You sir's and ma'ams have saved our world as much as Snow. My butt salutes you!
+Saphiro001 Ew XD
So dear smokers, remember how hard the fight for cleaner cities was and walk the few meters to the bin with your cigarrete butts instead of dropping them on the floor. Thank you.
or just stop fucking smoking, you asshats.
And wear your mask, if men in ww1 could wear them you can too *cough* Karen *cough*
I showed my parents, (who are nearing retirement) these videos and they absolutely love them. They were most fascinated by the South Sea Bubble and my mom often LOL's at the animation. Thanks EC and keep more coming. :)
This is why I love the Extra History segments. You guys draw attention to some really interesting and historically significant things. And it's not just wars and such (though those are great), but much less "sexy" bits of history like this.
Keep up the great work!
"and just like so many great men in History, Jo(h)n Snow was terrible at avoiding assassination !"
+scarfacemperor For the Watch?
+TheRexDark For the Miasma?
What can I say? Intrigue focus does alot of things and I'm sure the plot power was high
+Aerunn Allado My Liege,
Peace be with you. I have discovered a plot where a stroke seeks to Kill John Snow.
Your humble spymaster,
Misfortune.
+Darth Revan Stroke is now safely locked in my dungeons, awaiting it's fate.
"Look, guys, there is poop in the street, and we got to do something about the poop in the street"
Best f*cking quote of 2015
This channel is one of the best things youtube has ever brought to us.
You guys are an inspiration, I have started designing board and card games thanks to your videos, and my love for history grows every day.
I want to sincerely thank you for the amazing work you do for the betterment of the internet.
Bravo /Tips my hat
John Snow:
*turns around in his grave, smiling*
5:48
John Snow: "What can I say, except 'You're welcome'?
For cleaning your streets through and through?
Hey, it's okay, it's okay, you're welcome!
It's just the thing I felt the need to doo.
You're welcome!
You're welcome."
William Farr is an inspiring individual. Only barely tangentially related to Snow's work, and yet just from casually talking with the man, Farr learnt enough, understood enough, and respected that knowledge enough to take up the banner and charge when the moment required it. A true story of one who existed at the periphery of a champion rising to finish the fight when the champion could not do so himself.
"Look guys there's poop in the street. We've gotta do something about the poop in the street."
Why can't San Francisco solve this problem?
Apparently, the science is racist now.
The entire Sanitation Movement is probably one of the best examples of just how far the Crusades and the Dark Ages they brought about really set back humanity as a whole. The Roman empire had already made strides in understanding sanitation before its fall, and the Middle East had similar advances. Then a bunch of easily-swayed people went and perpetuated a chain of pointless wars that basically destroyed those advances (and many others as well). If not for those needless conflicts, mankind might well have reached our current level of technological sophistication over a century ago.
+Sky Render The Crusades helped kill off the Eastern Roman Empire, but the Ottomans that replaced them were just as technologically savvy. Western Europe was pretty backwards before, during and after the Crusades. It's not as if pillaging and warring in the Levant makes all the books in Western Europe explode.
The destruction of the united Roman Empire really put a damper on centralized planning and infrastructure for many centuries though.
+Sky Render Uh, not really. The social and political instability of the so called dark ages were unavoidable, too many people moving inside the Roman Empire just when the food supplies from Africa were cut short by the Arabs, it was none of that religion is EVUL nonsense. The crusades were just another series of political movements, nations and lords needing more land and promise of redemption and loot were just as good as any other to push people into taking arms. If anything, the collective amount of conflicts in the world escalating into violence is what has set humanity behind.
+Canthary Um, the arabs had taken Egypt by the 7 AD century, the Western Roman Empire had fallen centuries before. It was of course a mighty blow for the East Empire, but not because people moved in it, but because they were greatly dependent on the supplies from Egypt.
+Sky Render Not really. Eastern Roman Empire certainly wasn't a secular place and it's cities boasted sewers and they had knowledgeable people. Muslim renaissance happened basically happened shortly after they surged from the Arabia, and their contribution to the science, engineering and medicine was invaluable and often forgotten, and was achieved at the time faith REALLY mattered to them. So no religion did not have an intentional adverse effect on the scientific development.
The fall and the "dark" ages were caused by much more complex set of circumstances involving plagues which MASSIVELY reduced the population of the world thus lowering the size of cities, the fall of Western Rome due partly to it's inability to control their barbarian mercenaries (Eastern Rome managed to chuck them out and thus lived on for another 1000 years) and relative poverty of Europe in general when compared to the situation in the East.
So of course starting from such a position with small poor cities there was no living experience that poo in the street is bad and that it can be fixed. And it truly only started boiling over in 19th century with the industrial revolution in full swing making the cities explode and the ideas of enlightenment making the plight of all men not just wealthy more important.
crusaders brought back the technology, it was the fall of Rome that caused everything
When "Sanitation" became a specific Scientific discovery in the Civilization games (and the in-game benefits it brings with it) it's clear that it's a bedrock of modern society/cities. Your cities cant get huge without it. And anyone who has screwed up their water/sewage placement in Sim City/Cities: Skyline, has incurred a Cholera epidemic upon their populace.
Sanitation, important yo.
Funny, becaue it was one of the early technologies in the very first Civilization. You could not get a city above size 9 without Aqueducts.
Thank you world, thank you John Snow. Thank you Sqnitary Movement. I thank you all for letting me have clean, safe water to drink, and proper plumbing to separate the stuff I want to drink, and the stuff I want to see disappear forever.
Ooh, I think I need to go to the toilet and make a "sanitary movement" of my own.
Damn last night's kabab and chips!
That moment when EC puts 13,000 miles (non International Measure System) then puts 2.7 million m³ (dot, the correct SI). I hope you guys tackle that someday. The fight for measure is one of the fights of the modern world.
+Anderson Andrighi #onlyinamerica
+Anderson Andrighi i don't even realize its in miles most of the time, i always just infer its meters.
+Anderson Andrighi Have you even seen the state of discussion and functionality in US news & politics lately? Seriously, measurement doesn't even make the list of problems we have.
Keith Gallistel I was not in that intention. More towards the historical construction of measures. People tend to associate SI and non SI (imperial) as the only system there was. It was not. Sure some north americans, Dan is Canadian ( I think) can navigate through them with easy. it was not always like that. In fact the SI is a construction that was only possible with the French Revolution.
+Vojtěch Pikal #onlyinamericaliberiaandmyanmar :P
The one sentence that changed the world...
Look, guys, there's poop in the street. We gotta do something about the poop in the street."
How the fuck do u lift an entire city by 4 feet.
very carefully
with your pinkies
With the thighs AND the back.
A complicated system of pulleys and duct tape.
People really lifted back then.
2:55 holy cesspit it's walpole
The Art beginning at 0:30 is really great. The books building into city buildings is so symbolic of this and many other scientific discoveries.
2:50 IT WAS WALPOLE
You’d think we learned poop in the streets is a bad thing, but wait until you see LA
That's because sanitation is racist now.
There are still relatively modernized countries adopting the old "throw your poo in the street or river." tactic.
I think the best part about Extra History is how they tackle lesser known but every bit as important stories and people. I've learned a hell of a lot about things and people I never knew existed. Keep up the good work!
This series on John Snow and sanitation makes me proud to be a plumber’s assistant. Maybe one day I’ll be licensed and working full force to make people’s lives and living conditions healthier 😁
"Guys, there is poop in the street. We gotta do something about the poop in the street."
What a lovely quote.
"street poop was a thing"
"was"
D E S I G N A T E D
+Christmaster Wigglytuff There's something about naan country and those sidewalks that just go together so well.
Guildmaster Wigglytuff S H I T T I N G
S T R E E T S !
no poop in the street! bad human!
*bad indian
@@Pingu-eo1vx LOOOOL. I am Indian but agree 100%
Hey, John Snow! What are you like at fighting Corona virus? Fancy coming back and sorting this out too?
Much Appreciated
-2020
It's really unfortunate that people who caused death of many (Hitler or Napoleon) are remembered, but people who saved literally millions of lives are forgotten. Thank you, EC.
But how do we get Pajeet to poo in the loo
+Plebeian+ D E S I G N A T E
+Guam .Guy S H I T T I N G
+Plebeian+ I was a bit hesitant to make that joke.
Just want to say that this series was awesome and I'd love to see more in the same vein. Great job!
99% Invisible, CGP Grey, Extra History, and many others made these interconnected topics in a short time. Weird.
Cross-fertilization
3:56 They recommend boiling water in 1866! Big improvements from just a few years earlier.
Not all heroes wear capes, some just ask you about your water source.
R.I.P. John Snow I thank you for all of your contributions to the world and epidemiology
i salute you sanitary movement!
Great Job Extra Credits! Keep it up! This is among the best series in TH-cam!
And this, kids, is why taxes and social infrastructure spending are important. Without them, you don't HAVE a competitive economy in the modern world - you have squalid slums and spend all your time swimming in crap rather than competing for export contracts.
Chicago was lifted about 20 ft. And, it was done to get it out of the mud...to improve drainage. It also improved access. Goods were delivered to stores underground. Wacker Drive is underground, but above the river (think of that).
Remember kids, remove your dog's poop from the streat, please
Uses miles to talk of the pipes, but uses cubic meters to talk of the quantity of dirt moved, thanks for the consistency !
Now, if we could just get every dog owner to be on board with this no poop left on the city philosophy! In some cities it's still bad enough to effect our health - nothing so bad as Cholera though.
+Magus Marquillin Do you know any case in which the dog poop has started up an epidemic episode?
+AdrianRP1995 Actually, it has happened before.
I've once seen a documentary (National Geographic, probably) about a beach where almost any dog going there behaves weirdly an eventually dies after some time because of some source of disease present there because of dog waste of an infected dog.
AdrianRP1995 I don't know about any epidemics, but E.coli, giardia, salmonella, hookworm eggs and round worm will settle into the near soil and can be picked up topically - by children especially. They can drain into waterways and beaches enough for the EPA to close them down. There's a lot that dusts up into the air too, but I'm not sure if any of that is dangerous or just gross to think about. Seems like it's only been studied seriously for 10-20 years
www.livescience.com/44732-eliminating-pet-poop-pollution.html
Yes, and I didn't want to start an argument at all, I just wanted to say that, still being gross, I don't think that we can even compare the sanitary problems that there were in the mid 1800's with the people who leave their dogs' sispose in the street. Of course, I bet there are problems thousands of times bigger in the Third World with sewers and sanitary issues.
+Magus Marquillin We should make it mandatory to have every dog owner train their dogs on how to use the bathroom. And they must learn how to flush on their own.
Here in Seattle, we scoff at your public works! We had a single wooden pipe for a septic line (for hundreds of hearty lumberjacks and pioneers), and that worked just fine (so long as the tide was out). And when it came back in, why then we had poop geysers rising to heights of 8+ feet and that was just fine. Well, it was until we decided it wasn't, and burned the city down.
Hey! For a topic, is there any chance you might cover the Great Seattle Fire?
So, what comes after this? I want to learn more history. FEED ME KNOWLEDGE!!!
+FlyingWalrus 1+1=2. theres your knowledge
+The Eden Games That's like a stale breadstick, where's my 5 course meal of knowledge!?
Apparently the next series is Justinian and Theodora pt.2, then the Ottoman empire under Suleiman, and then Early Christian heresies. This is from their patreon page.
Sewers... Something people take as granted and do not want to have anything to do about it and yet, here we are finding amazing people in every place. This series amaze me. Good job people, give yourself an awesome pat on your left shoulder to match the pat I just gave you on your right shoulder. I feel wiser now, valuing stuff and shit (literally).
That all important infrastructure we use almost without thought these days. He's topped my list of favorite John Snows
In the one GIS course I took at my university, John Snow (and the Broad Street outbreak) was discussed in the introductory lecture as an example of the importance of accurate maps, and tying different types of information/data to maps. I'm glad that this series went into much more detail about the story, because it is very interesting and important.
(Yes, the "You know nothing John Snow" was used as a joke in the lecture too. But I guess the joke's memorable enough that people do remember the actual content discussed to some degree.)
Cholera: We cool...?
Jon Snow: Hell no, we're not cool!
Cholera: Aww... :(
I learnt about cholera a couple years ago in high school. It wasn't as in-detailed as this video and was more focused on Joseph Bazalgette who built the sewer system, but we did learn a little bit about John Snow. I wish my teacher had shown this video in class, though.
0:56 San Francisco would like to have a word with you sir.
Extra history is (or was) really good at condensing the lesson of each story in history to a simple catchphrase:
- It was Walpole
-;Bismarck *always* had a plan
- "You know something, John Snow"
Why let poop in the street get in the way of a good crusade?
Woop woop! You guys at Extra History do an excellent job. Keep being awesome! :D
This was a very necessary epilogue to the pump story. It's important to realize that the sanitary movement pre-dates John Snow's investigation of the broad street pump, and miasma was just a way for them to contextualize this vague idea of filth. Most of the people involved probably only kept there homes clean because it's unseemly to not do so, there was no science of cleanliness before, it was moral.
Most of the more stubborn miasmatists had a bias against poor people, and/or did not see the water borne theory as debunking miasma in and of itself even if the water borne theory was true. They did need some way to contextualize why the flu happened. John Snow's upbringing as being from a poor family is probably one of the very few things that kept him from adopting the miasmatist theory himself.
6 Feet; Chicago was raised 6 feet, not 4 and it was because of flooding from lake Michigan. However, following London's example, they used it as an opportunity to also redo their entire sewer system while they were at it.
Next week: John Snow Lies + Walpole?
+zelda64rules "and who's family made the largest donation to financing this massive infrastructure addition? Do we even have to say? It was Warpole."
+Vyndican *walpole.
+zelda64rules This should be an easy one! They're both from England, and they're only separated by about one generation.
+zelda64rules Can't wait!
+Robert Walpole YOU!
Every passing Extra History episode only reaffirms how awesome Humanity is.
Wait, how did Chicago lift the city up by four feet?
+Naomi Nekomimi en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raising_of_Chicago
very carefully. very very carefully
This made me remember, how the sewer system only reached my neighborhood barely 5-6 years ago, and before that, we had a cesspit in the backyard for most of my life. Man, I so hated when I had to let the sucker truck come in and suck this stuff out, it was the smelliest thing ever.
Pooping in the street is bad and now I know. Thanks John Snow!
Thanks so much for making this series. Ever since I was a kid John Snow has been my favorite historical figure and aside from covering some stuff I didn't know about (his role in anesthesiology for example) I'm really glad I have something to share with my friends aside from whatever incoherent autistic ramblings I come up with whenever I try to talk about it.
Also I really want to use the phrase "street poop" in some context now.
+Medical Meccanica Also did any other kids read that Klutz science book with the Broad Street Pump story in it because that book was awesome. Wish they still made it (or something like it.) (And does anybody remember the french toilet paper or was that another book? that stuff was awful)
Wasn't expecting this, thanks
3:46 a living example of "standing on the shoulders of giants."
2:18 i fell off my bed laughing XD
I cried when you mention William Farr learn from John Snow how to attack the Cholera, even though Snow has died... but he still live in another way to fight Cholera.... I guess William Farr goes melancholy when remembering his friend...
So, this was a four-episode one. Are we going to get two short one-shots like the Odenathus one?
Very good! If you're looking for more historical figures for this series you should consider Baruch Spinoza, he fits the character type perfectly. Driven, moral, brilliant, and fighting against all odds.
Meanwhile, in India...
I'm And Indian I offensive find that
You would be ashamed to know that Indians had invented the sewage systems hundreds of years before Jesus Christ was born, in Mohenjodaro and Harappa. You people didn't even have homes back then. Lol.
Tanayjyoti Das
Sewers today > sewers in the past
most third world countries are like that.
i live in one *crippling depression intensifies
its mostly street dog poop that youll see around here maybe even street cat poop
dong saya dae
However, they've been polio-free for almost 6 years now due to vaccines.
Wow, that was really fascinating! I love how you guys focus on history that isn't normally talked about
Yay no poop in the street!
+Boltizar49 Well, no more human poop anyway.
I've got to say you guys really are great at this stuff. The content is amazing and if I had disposable income I'd donate. But since I can't I'll just share this with as many people as possible.
Keep up the great work Extra Credits. You guys are some of the best youtube has to offer.
5:01 how do you lift a city?
+samramdebest Using the "magnetick virtue” of rocks found only on the island of Balnibarbi
+samramdebest by lowering the sea level
+samramdebest Pray that it gets closer to God.
+samramdebest Actual answer: industrial size jackscrews and a LOT of patience. It was deemed less costly than digging, since at the time Chicago was basically at water level with lake Michigan, and digging at water level requires so much pumping. Here is a quote on how the engineer George Pullman pulled it off:
"He had 6,000 jackscrews put under the buildings, and hired 600 men to take charge of ten jacks each. On the signal, each man turned the screws on his ten jacks one notch. The buildings went up a fraction of an inch.
This process was repeated again and again over four days. Meanwhile, temporary timbers were placed under the buildings and new foundations constructed. Then the buildings were lowered into place. All this was smoothly done, while business inside the buildings went on as usual."
rickpgriffin a waste. if they had waited something like 20 years, the Great Fire of Chicago would have made them rebuild the city anyway. Which would have been a convenient way of making the job easier
I'm surprised this is the first I've ever heard of the sanitary movement. I think we need to be taught this is schools, and have it looked at the same way we look at clean energy today. I imagine in the future we'll look at the way we burn through our resources the same way we think of our sewage today, an afterthought. Something that shifted in an incredibly short amount of time, that we won't be able to imagine living without in the future. Good job on the video guys! I always learn something new =)
I think ideas for your next series could be:
1. The Life of the Buddha
2. WW1: August 1914/The Battle of Mons
3. Captain Scott and the Terra Nova Expedition
4. The Space Race
The race for the south pole would make an excellent Extra History episode, or perhaps even series.
I read a book about how the movement took hold in Sweden after this, during a university course in history. A few realy passionate people changed the life expectancy in a way that was beyond revolutionary.
The large labor costs of today would probably make suck a project impossible nowadays.
+Marquis Forneus not necessarily. If you would be spending hundreds of billions of dollars on similar projects in scope then I don't see how paying higher wages would make it that orders of magnitude more expensive. Cost of Labor is important but if you are a economically powerful enough of a country like the U.S., Britain, France that can
a.) run debts
b.) gather up a lot of resources cheaply
If a government had the political will it would be economically feasible to cough up a few billion dollars more in labor cost compared to the 19th century. Also I would like to point out that just as labor costs have risen in developed countries globalization has made buying resources like steel in bulk more cheaper.
TL;DR: Labor costs would only be a fraction of the overall cost and also we would have better access to cheap resources through global markets then compared to the 19th century.
+Bandrew A good example of this is point to President Roosevelt's and Congress's actions during America's Great Depression. Despite being stuck in the United States's worst recorded economic slump, they still funded large public projects, welfare for the unemployed, subsidies for farmers, and more.
+Marquis Forneus We are laying fibre. Severs wouldn't cost much more.
+Marquis Forneus, Also remember that we now have machines. A team with a bulldozer, steamshovel, and a few dumptrucks will out perform hundreds of peoples with shovels and pickaxes and a cart.
Labourcost? Nah, its the administrative fees and all the paperwork that would hold it off.
Getting permission, getting funding - that whole ordeal.
Actually doing it would be far cheaper and faster than back then - and they could in many cases go straight under existing structures without much risk of collapse or damage aswell since far better support systems exist.
In the end, ancient river valley civilizations like in Mohenjo Daro in Indus Valley, while existed nearly 5000 years ago, still had better sewage system than London in mid-19 century.
no they actually had comparable systems, just pump it into the river, which is what londons original sewer system was it was just a incomplete patch work that killed people.