I'm still asking myself that question... It's really because of the people around me. The best decision I made was to surround myself with people more talented than myself. I am so thankful for them! -Chad
You are The Best! I typed "RC micro planes angle of motor shaft" and your video was the first one and the best to address this issue! I crash head on floor my biplan, UMX PT-17 and the motor went out tearing the foam. I glued it very well! Was so proud... And I tried it: flew right up and left! I remember that I noticed the shaft was originally low and right... And looking at my repairs I found it to be quite straight... Thanks to your video you explain well the reason behind it. Now I know what to change. I like very much your tutorial videos! Thank you.
Finally, a good video on thrust angles! If you use mixing instead, you introduce trim drag. Not that it's noticeable on most planes, but if you're going for speed or efficiency, every little bit helps.
Excellent description and understanding of thrust angle. I built a Pup, a small scale, piper cub, and found when I first flew it that I had to hold the stick back with a lot of pressure. I increased the vertical thrust angle by adding 3/16” washers to the lower engine supports. That was all it took to be able to fly hands off at normal power. Thrust angle is very important and it is very sensitive. Thanks again for your explanation.
Thanks that helps a lot. Perhaps in another video you explained it but it is important to explain that slow speed aerodynamics can be quite different than high speed flight dynamics, in particular the effects of prop wash.
I always thought right thrust angle was to compensate for Differential Thrust, where the down moving prop caught more air than the up moving prop due to the angle of attack. I fail to imagine an experiment to tease this apart from torque, though. Differential Thrust would cause yaw where torque would cause roll - that's one angle to exploit, potentially.
you are correct. The engine torque (roll axis) is netted out usually by the strong wing lift forces, but the air hitting the tail is amplified by the long moment distance from the tail to the center of gravity of the plane.
I only noticed a right thrust angle after I crashed my plane 3 times, the latest needing a motor, prop and motor mount replacement, as well as glueing the front end foam back together. I glued the foam back and installed new front end, and then noticed the thrust angle. Happy to know that it was probably always that way, and I can just add washers under the mounting screws if I want to change it.
i like to use ~1/8" of fuel line or soft silicon washers as a compressible washers/vibration dampers between the motor and firewall. to adjust the thrust angle, you just selectively tighten or loosen the motor mount screws.
Very good video. But I need to know is there any book on design rc airplanes or aircraft show some calculation on this angle. Design my own models and is already tiring always having to adjust the angle to hit the right angle of the engine.
The explanation that the prop rotation creates a torque which is counteracted by angling the motor to the right. I notice that the effect is demonstrated with turning the prop counterclockwise and the motor having a clockwise thread. I have a motor which has a counterclockwise thread so I need to use a clockwise propellor. Am I correct that my motor should be angled left?
Great summery of thrust angle. Seems a bit of a black art at first but once you get your head round it, it's fairly simple. But if in doubt, and your tx supports it, use mix!
Old video I know, but they don't explain thrust angle for a low wing plane? Would you need the motor angled upwards? The reason I ask is my Edge 540 needs quite a bit of elevator to climb with power on but wants to rise with power off (landing).
@@davidalejandrocardonaalbar3676 no problem, they are easy to build as a matter of fact I just finished one an hour ago so there u go they easy to build
Before read this, my personnel concept is same as you about thrust angles but it is more technically explained in following link. Please explain. Thank you.
I have a question. Just getting started in RC I put a plane together w and electric motor, have not flown it yet, when i do a test taxi the plane pulls to the left. How many degrees do I have to tilt the motor to the right to fix this problem. Thx
Adjust your nosewheel linkage. If it's a tail dragger and you can adjust the tailwheel, do that, but don't adjust the rudder linkage for ground handling.
Great video. I'm not holding out much hope for a reply from Bix, but here goes. My question is, what if the motor pod (pusher) has the prop one inch rearward of the leading edge and the thrust line 6" above the bottom of the airfoil? My Walmart glider has this pusher configuration. The GC is about 1.5" forward of the trailing edge at the fuse and the motor thrust line is maybe 2º down (just a fraction of the Bixler planes). Under power the plane flies just great. When the throttle is chopped it noses up slightly, then it pitches straight down and can only be pitched back up with full up elevator and power. In other words, violent porpoising. Please.............tell me what I need to know. THANKS!
I always thought the thrust angle worked in concert with the wings angle of attack. For example, on the Bixler the down ward thrust packs pressure under the wing. and the same with the motor pulling down on a front downward mounted motor. either way if you notice, the line of thrust is the same for both plane, just the trimming is different.
For me, im not use side thrust on all my plane, but i mix the throttle and a little aileron to the right. So it can fly well even i do inverted flight.
Im currently trying to 3d print an aircraft. Due to the design, its gonna weigh alot. Im thinking ill counter this by using a large motor and a big prop. Im afraid the torque might be so much at low speeds, that the plane wont be capable of even getting up to speeds without violently spinning. Is there any real way to combat this? I was thinking of adding an adjustable (via servo) thrust angle. Is that even practical?
basically, the main thing is the vertical thrust angle due to the offsetting of the motor or prop to the centerline of thrust ... and this would cause the prop to work at an angle compared to the incident airflow, and its rotation would develop an asymmetrical thrust to the left or right, this is what the left or right thrust angle will compensate for
Hey Josh I'm having a really hard time with my aeroscout s2 it keeps rolling to the right I've tried a new receiver tried changing the angle of my ailerons can you please help 🙏
Great show! I am however unclear on thrust angle. There are many RC Posts on groups saying that the motor torque has little to do with thrust angle, but rather how the spinning air off the propeller hits the body of the plane. They call this P-Factor. This is why the thrust angle is different for different models. If it were torque alone, then surely each motors thrust angle would be the same for a given power ratio. Could you guys elaborate?
Not that I knew this before reading your comment, but you are talking about prop wash rather than P-factor. Thanks to your comment, I did a little more research and found a webpage that gives a basic explanation of these along with propeller torque effect. It was enlightening. Check it out. wiki.flightgear.org/Understanding_Propeller_Torque_and_P-Factor
You can also compensate for a roll axis by causing roll through yaw. If one wing is leading the other, you'll end up with roll in planes with sweep or dihedral. I can demonstrate torque being compensated by right thrust with one of my small high power EDFs. it has very pronounced torque roll, which was cured with right thrust. Zero of the thrust hits the tail.
Hey Josh I just picked up a multiplex mentor I'm putting it together what do you think my thrust angle should be I have a Apprentice should I start with that thrust angle cuz that seems to work fine with that
I am currently building a twin boom pusher rc airplane but I don't know what to do with the thrust angle, the motor is mounted below the wing unlike the ones you showed in the video. So should I give down thrust or upthrust or just neutral?
Leaving it at neutral would be just fine since assuming your motor setup is at the approximate "middle" of the fuselage, any forces acting on it won't be significant in any direction. However if you do wish to put some angle on it should be up and left (inverse of tractor) and reverse prop is spinning CCW viewed from front.
I rebuilt the engine mount on a turbo Timber. Now, I gave some down thrust, but still the plane wants to climb no matter what the throttle is. Do I need even more angle down? The CG hasn't changed, Anyone has any suggestions?>
Hi josh. Hope you doing well. Tht video is very useful for trainer. If you share the detail of thrust angle formula. According to plan size or weight. Then will be very good for us.
Sir i used 10 inch prop with 1000kv motor and a little down thrust,that was okk..but now i want to use a 6 inch prop with 1400kv motor...will it be necessary to give down thrust to the motor or small prop dont require down thrust...here is my flight vidio with 1045 prop and down thrust
Hey I've not seen a video of chad's twin boom gws slow flyer pusher prop. I know a lot of guys have one collecting dust. and we would welcome the chance to see a pusher with alerons.
it could be that you're adjusting it too much. in some planes, you need very little. In my 33% yak54, 2 degrees of right thrust made the tail kick out violently when you'd slam the throttle forward. 2.5 degrees of right thrust was totally perfect, and 3 was too much. Those will likely be different for your plane, but that's just an example of how sensitive it can be on some planes. Also check that your rudder is dead on straight, don't want to try to compensate yaw trim with thrust line.
a funjet will work fine with no angle. The forces that are in play requiring thrust angle changes do not apply to planes like the funjet because a) thrust angle is almost the same as the main drag thrust line. b) there is no plane surface behind the propeller for the prop wash to be affecting. It is possible that an extremely slight up angle is helpful for funjets, but probably not really necessary.
Thank you for the informative video. A lot of poeple don't know this! I remember I gave basically the same info on RCGroups (the guy was building a plane similar to the Bixler) and I was basically told to stuff it by the next guy who said to angle the motor down on to the H. fin to push the tail down. The problem is that the OP believed him. I feel sorry for the OP who came out with a ruined plane from that experience.
suggestion. your epp fpv is a single boom plane. could it be that you have extra equpment up front, or just a large side area in front of the wing. this configuration should not be very sensitive to thrust angle, due to the motor being close to the center of drag. perhaps the vertical stabilizer area is marginal. try enlarging it a bit, maybe 20 percent, and see if it help. wish you the best. bear.
what is armature wire? can you please link me to an example online, please. I cannot seem to find it. I would like to check it out. thanks!! also what gauge do you use for those planes?
You are totally right, on real planes we have to compensate giving foot to the right to have a nice right flight, but it is easier because we let our foot a the determined position, it is not like with the stick of a radio.
Thank for the tip But I believe I have some problem on my 1.2 wingspan T-28 with this thrust angle after I hit the trees by accident Now everything is in place but because of the impact i believe the angle slightly change Can anybody send some picture from top and side of T-28 or send me some reference angle for that plane I really appreciate if somebody help me to fix this problem
not necesarily. The closer the motor is to the CG the more if an effect it will have on the yaw/pitch of the plane. if your motor is above the cg, the plane will probably want to pitch down when you give throtle. and same on the bottom of the plane.
The thrust angle is the same as the tractor had the motor in front and below the CG and the Bixler had it aft and above, basically an exact mirror. If a tractor had the motor above the CG, which almost never happens, the angle would be upwards.
Incorrect statement at the beginning. Motor torque does not cause the plane to pull left. P. factor causes an unbalanced flow of air past the stab and rudder, causing the plane to yaw left. Right thrust corrects this.
dont forget p-factor. especially important for taildraggers during take off and landing i.e. when inexperienced pilots experience the so called "tip stall"
Why not put the motor straight and adjust those tendencies mixing throttle with rudder, elevator... The advantages of this is to fine tune it until you get it almost perfect!
they do have thrust angle but it isnt as pronounced. a properly designed 3d plane has everything inline along a central axis. i.e. a center mounted motor, symmetrical wings and tail, reducing any off axis torque effects.
I'm still asking myself that question... It's really because of the people around me. The best decision I made was to surround myself with people more talented than myself. I am so thankful for them! -Chad
Well that was the best explanation of thrust angle I've seen so far. Thank you.
You are The Best! I typed "RC micro planes angle of motor shaft" and your video was the first one and the best to address this issue! I crash head on floor my biplan, UMX PT-17 and the motor went out tearing the foam. I glued it very well! Was so proud... And I tried it: flew right up and left! I remember that I noticed the shaft was originally low and right... And looking at my repairs I found it to be quite straight... Thanks to your video you explain well the reason behind it. Now I know what to change. I like very much your tutorial videos! Thank you.
Finally, a good video on thrust angles! If you use mixing instead, you introduce trim drag. Not that it's noticeable on most planes, but if you're going for speed or efficiency, every little bit helps.
Excellent description and understanding of thrust angle. I built a Pup, a small scale, piper cub, and found when I first flew it that I had to hold the stick back with a lot of pressure. I increased the vertical thrust angle by adding 3/16” washers to the lower engine supports. That was all it took to be able to fly hands off at normal power. Thrust angle is very important and it is very sensitive. Thanks again for your explanation.
Excellent, I wish you still did content like this.
Thanks that helps a lot. Perhaps in another video you explained it but it is important to explain that slow speed aerodynamics can be quite different than high speed flight dynamics, in particular the effects of prop wash.
I always thought right thrust angle was to compensate for Differential Thrust, where the down moving prop caught more air than the up moving prop due to the angle of attack. I fail to imagine an experiment to tease this apart from torque, though. Differential Thrust would cause yaw where torque would cause roll - that's one angle to exploit, potentially.
you are correct. The engine torque (roll axis) is netted out usually by the strong wing lift forces, but the air hitting the tail is amplified by the long moment distance from the tail to the center of gravity of the plane.
You're right guys, the girlfriend agrees wholeheartedly the thrust angle is all important.
LOL.
I only noticed a right thrust angle after I crashed my plane 3 times, the latest needing a motor, prop and motor mount replacement, as well as glueing the front end foam back together. I glued the foam back and installed new front end, and then noticed the thrust angle. Happy to know that it was probably always that way, and I can just add washers under the mounting screws if I want to change it.
It is nice of you to show us and give us the information about the thrust but what about if you have a twin motor plane?
Great info. I like these types of specific build tips.
i like to use ~1/8" of fuel line or soft silicon washers as a compressible washers/vibration dampers between the motor and firewall.
to adjust the thrust angle, you just selectively tighten or loosen the motor mount screws.
Very good video. But I need to know is there any book on design rc airplanes or aircraft show some calculation on this angle. Design my own models and is already tiring always having to adjust the angle to hit the right angle of the engine.
Are you saying then, that on the Bixler, the thrust angle should run through the CG of the plane?
haha, i like the carbon arrow shafts used on the slow stick. always good, when you know where to get your carbon fix
The explanation that the prop rotation creates a torque which is counteracted by angling the motor to the right. I notice that the effect is demonstrated with turning the prop counterclockwise and the motor having a clockwise thread. I have a motor which has a counterclockwise thread so I need to use a clockwise propellor. Am I correct that my motor should be angled left?
Great summery of thrust angle. Seems a bit of a black art at first but once you get your head round it, it's fairly simple. But if in doubt, and your tx supports it, use mix!
Thanks for the tip about armature wire! Good video!
Old video I know, but they don't explain thrust angle for a low wing plane? Would you need the motor angled upwards? The reason I ask is my Edge 540 needs quite a bit of elevator to climb with power on but wants to rise with power off (landing).
1:55 Can someone please give me specs, name, etc. from this plane thank you 1:55
It’s like a twin boon rc plane
@@MatthewNovoselskiy I'm going to build a similar one, thanks for the information
@@davidalejandrocardonaalbar3676 no problem, they are easy to build as a matter of fact I just finished one an hour ago so there u go they easy to build
Before read this, my personnel concept is same as you about thrust angles but it is more technically explained in following link. Please explain. Thank you.
I have a question. Just getting started in RC I put a plane together w and electric motor, have not flown it yet, when i do a test taxi the plane pulls to the left. How many degrees do I have to tilt the motor to the right to fix this problem. Thx
Agree!
Adjust your nosewheel linkage. If it's a tail dragger and you can adjust the tailwheel, do that, but don't adjust the rudder linkage for ground handling.
Great video. I'm not holding out much hope for a reply from Bix, but here goes. My question is, what if the motor pod (pusher) has the prop one inch rearward of the leading edge and the thrust line 6" above the bottom of the airfoil? My Walmart glider has this pusher configuration. The GC is about 1.5" forward of the trailing edge at the fuse and the motor thrust line is maybe 2º down (just a fraction of the Bixler planes). Under power the plane flies just great. When the throttle is chopped it noses up slightly, then it pitches straight down and can only be pitched back up with full up elevator and power. In other words, violent porpoising. Please.............tell me what I need to know. THANKS!
archiguitarchi tail heavy. Move your CG forward.
Thanks guy's now I have a plane that flys.
I always thought the thrust angle worked in concert with the wings angle of attack. For example, on the Bixler the down ward thrust packs pressure under the wing. and the same with the motor pulling down on a front downward mounted motor. either way if you notice, the line of thrust is the same for both plane, just the trimming is different.
Thank You Guys for helping to clear this up. But where can I get the heavy duty armature wire that you talked about.
I found some at Michael's today, I don't know whether it is good enough though. Did you manage to find any?
For me, im not use side thrust on all my plane, but i mix the throttle and a little aileron to the right. So it can fly well even i do inverted flight.
Im currently trying to 3d print an aircraft. Due to the design, its gonna weigh alot. Im thinking ill counter this by using a large motor and a big prop. Im afraid the torque might be so much at low speeds, that the plane wont be capable of even getting up to speeds without violently spinning. Is there any real way to combat this? I was thinking of adding an adjustable (via servo) thrust angle. Is that even practical?
basically, the main thing is the vertical thrust angle due to the offsetting of the motor or prop to the centerline of thrust ... and this would cause the prop to work at an angle compared to the incident airflow, and its rotation would develop an asymmetrical thrust to the left or right, this is what the left or right thrust angle will compensate for
Hey Josh I'm having a really hard time with my aeroscout s2 it keeps rolling to the right I've tried a new receiver tried changing the angle of my ailerons can you please help 🙏
yes :) so the motor when you look from the font should have the tip where the prop is higher than where the motor mount is.
Great show! I am however unclear on thrust angle. There are many RC Posts on groups saying that the motor torque has little to do with thrust angle, but rather how the spinning air off the propeller hits the body of the plane. They call this P-Factor. This is why the thrust angle is different for different models. If it were torque alone, then surely each motors thrust angle would be the same for a given power ratio. Could you guys elaborate?
Not that I knew this before reading your comment, but you are talking about prop wash rather than P-factor. Thanks to your comment, I did a little more research and found a webpage that gives a basic explanation of these along with propeller torque effect. It was enlightening. Check it out.
wiki.flightgear.org/Understanding_Propeller_Torque_and_P-Factor
Yeah @RC King is kind of right motor torque would produce roll in the opposite direction so P-Factor is the one here to blame for the yaw.
You can also compensate for a roll axis by causing roll through yaw. If one wing is leading the other, you'll end up with roll in planes with sweep or dihedral.
I can demonstrate torque being compensated by right thrust with one of my small high power EDFs. it has very pronounced torque roll, which was cured with right thrust. Zero of the thrust hits the tail.
HOW WE calculate thrust ?
is it equal thrust as weight at 100% throttle
or equal thrust as weight at 50%. ? Help please
Hey Josh I just picked up a multiplex mentor I'm putting it together what do you think my thrust angle should be I have a Apprentice should I start with that thrust angle cuz that seems to work fine with that
I am currently building a twin boom pusher rc airplane but I don't know what to do with the thrust angle, the motor is mounted below the wing unlike the ones you showed in the video. So should I give down thrust or upthrust or just neutral?
Leaving it at neutral would be just fine since assuming your motor setup is at the approximate "middle" of the fuselage, any forces acting on it won't be significant in any direction. However if you do wish to put some angle on it should be up and left (inverse of tractor) and reverse prop is spinning CCW viewed from front.
I have to ask, what software do you use for video editing? I love it!
should a delta like the funjet have just up or some left or right also?
Plz answer of this question.
Plz answer of this question.
I rebuilt the engine mount on a turbo Timber. Now, I gave some down thrust, but still the plane wants to climb no matter what the throttle is. Do I need even more angle down? The CG hasn't changed, Anyone has any suggestions?>
Hi josh. Hope you doing well. Tht video is very useful for trainer. If you share the detail of thrust angle formula. According to plan size or weight. Then will be very good for us.
really nice!! i liked a lot!! i already know about the angle, but have a lot of information that i dont know yet
Sir i used 10 inch prop with 1000kv motor and a little down thrust,that was okk..but now i want to use a 6 inch prop with 1400kv motor...will it be necessary to give down thrust to the motor or small prop dont require down thrust...here is my flight vidio with 1045 prop and down thrust
ALso What size and kind of wire are you talking about.?
Hey I've not seen a video of chad's twin boom gws slow flyer pusher prop. I know a lot of guys have one collecting dust. and we would welcome the chance to see a pusher with alerons.
it could be that you're adjusting it too much. in some planes, you need very little. In my 33% yak54, 2 degrees of right thrust made the tail kick out violently when you'd slam the throttle forward. 2.5 degrees of right thrust was totally perfect, and 3 was too much. Those will likely be different for your plane, but that's just an example of how sensitive it can be on some planes. Also check that your rudder is dead on straight, don't want to try to compensate yaw trim with thrust line.
Hiii I'm confused to find cg point in rc plane can you solve
Hl guys,how would I check to see what angle is needed.
Great information guys, truly educational!
a funjet will work fine with no angle. The forces that are in play requiring thrust angle changes do not apply to planes like the funjet because a) thrust angle is almost the same as the main drag thrust line. b) there is no plane surface behind the propeller for the prop wash to be affecting. It is possible that an extremely slight up angle is helpful for funjets, but probably not really necessary.
Thanks, as im building my own REAL aircraft this explained the basics for me.
Dennis Häggqvist they're all real, you're just going to be in a full size one
Thank you for the informative video. A lot of poeple don't know this!
I remember I gave basically the same info on RCGroups (the guy was building a plane similar to the Bixler) and I was basically told to stuff it by the next guy who said to angle the motor down on to the H. fin to push the tail down. The problem is that the OP believed him.
I feel sorry for the OP who came out with a ruined plane from that experience.
Cool video! Greetings from Argentina
suggestion. your epp fpv is a single boom plane. could it be that you have extra equpment up front, or just a large side area in front of the wing. this configuration should not be very sensitive to thrust angle, due to the motor being close to the center of drag. perhaps the vertical stabilizer area is marginal. try enlarging it a bit, maybe 20 percent, and see if it help. wish you the best. bear.
Chad how do you find the time to run an agency, produce these videos and work on planes????
What is that Cessna looking airplane that chad picked up at the beginning?
A Talyorcraft, there was a vid early on in FT
so do i need to add a little upward thrust angle to my epp fpv plane???
Great tip! I've been wondering a long time why my pusher (like the Bixler) never could keep a straight line with different throttle :-)
What gauge armature wire?
what is armature wire? can you please link me to an example online, please. I cannot seem to find it. I would like to check it out. thanks!! also what gauge do you use for those planes?
I found it at Michael's today! I am now trying to figure out how to put it together.
I am still very proud of the fact that I own the same xacto knife as the flitetest crew :) :) :)
How to make turbo engine for rc plane ..please make the vidio about it
You are totally right, on real planes we have to compensate giving foot to the right to have a nice right flight, but it is easier because we let our foot a the determined position, it is not like with the stick of a radio.
What agency do you own?
please do a episode on making a scratch build rc ultralight as the hobbyking
quicksilver
motor tilted right slitly it did so when motor was strait also help
Ah man, what about when its mounted on the front of a wing?
hey guys what i have noticed with the pusher types your thrust is useually aimed at the leading edge of the plane
unrelated question: if i have a set up that produces 500 grams of thrust, will i be able to fly a 500 gram plane?
Depends on the type of plane, and propellor/edf
hi chad! what agency do you run?
Very informative video thank you
From where to get these motors
hobbyking.com/en_us/?gclid=EAIaIQobChMI_dDs0pO83AIVz7WWCh2xeAFcEAAYASAAEgLDVvD_BwE&gclsrc=aw.ds
Thanks guys! Im building a .25 size trainer with a Turnigy 35-36 engine. This is gunna help!
Thank for the tip
But I believe I have some problem on my 1.2 wingspan T-28 with this thrust angle after I hit the trees by accident
Now everything is in place but because of the impact i believe the angle slightly change
Can anybody send some picture from top and side of T-28 or send me some reference angle for that plane
I really appreciate if somebody help me to fix this problem
when is David coming..... i miss him in the Quick tip episodes.....
not necesarily. The closer the motor is to the CG the more if an effect it will have on the yaw/pitch of the plane. if your motor is above the cg, the plane will probably want to pitch down when you give throtle. and same on the bottom of the plane.
The thrust angle is the same as the tractor had the motor in front and below the CG and the Bixler had it aft and above, basically an exact mirror.
If a tractor had the motor above the CG, which almost never happens, the angle would be upwards.
miss ya chad
Ok i get the plane needs some downward and right thrust angle. But is this for a CW or CCW prop?
NOT torque reaction, but P-factor. Torque reaction is minimal, although it exists.
You didn’t touch on forward facing power pods like you see on gliders.
Big help thanks
Very informative!
Thanks Guys
Incorrect statement at the beginning. Motor torque does not cause the plane to pull left. P. factor causes an unbalanced flow of air past the stab and rudder, causing the plane to yaw left. Right thrust corrects this.
Good thing to know, I first thought that these airplane were broken. I would have tried to fix them!
Was there any turkey's hurt in that episode? LOL!! :-)
thrust angle it very very important for good flying
good tip!
I have a twin boom pusher plane with a gws slow flyer prop with ailerons that I built. I just posted a video of it....
Why don't 3D planes have a severe thrust angle?
Still trying to navigate the red tape :[
dont forget p-factor. especially important for taildraggers during take off and landing i.e. when inexperienced pilots experience the so called "tip stall"
Chad should make plans for the experimental airplane that he's making :)
'P' effect makes the model turn left, not torque.
Why not put the motor straight and adjust those tendencies mixing throttle with rudder, elevator... The advantages of this is to fine tune it until you get it almost perfect!
they do have thrust angle but it isnt as pronounced. a properly designed 3d plane has everything inline along a central axis. i.e. a center mounted motor, symmetrical wings and tail, reducing any off axis torque effects.
I can only imagine the comments that the other Josh would make about 'thrust angle', if he was there.
yahooo!!! Nice explanation.