Makes sense, the mongols did not actively support or oppose one religion. They just showed favour to those that proved useful and largely ignored smaller sects.
@@jesseberg3271 You don't call a fish that lived in the narrow water a land-occupying fish when animals had not come to shore, just because by the time's standard it is the one made it closest to land, do you? Neither did the Mongols, they made it close to religious tolerance, but didn't make it.
@@jesseberg3271 My friend, I have a homework. The Turkish empires that left deep traces in the history of the world and the states that are the descendants of those empires today are being asked. can you count a few
@@nguyennguyenhuy7730 My friend, I have a homework. The Turkish empires that left deep traces in the history of the world and the states that are the descendants of those empires today are being asked. can you count a few
I think calling the Mongols globalizers or modernizers is like shooting an arrow and drawing a bulls eye where it lands. Imo the interconnecting of the far east and west was a by product of the Mongols beating ass, and less of a high minded aspiration of theirs.
@Θ.Σ.Κ.30 ΙΙ My friend, I have a homework. The Turkish empires that left deep traces in the history of the world and the states that are the descendants of those empires today are being asked. can you count a few
@@Dreagostini My friend, I have a homework. The Turkish empires that left deep traces in the history of the world and the states that are the descendants of those empires today are being asked. can you count a few
@@Wolfeson28 My friend, I have a homework. The Turkish empires that left deep traces in the history of the world and the states that are the descendants of those empires today are being asked. can you count a few
Thomas Jefferson said something like that, “Matters not how many gods my neighbor prays to or none at all. So long as he does not break my bones or picks my wallet.”
@@JaketheJust My friend, I have a homework. The Turkic empires that left deep traces in world history and the states that are the descendants of these empires today are asked. can you count a few
@@edoedo8686 My friend, I have a homework. The Turkic empires that left deep traces in world history and the states that are the descendants of these empires today are asked. can you count a few
naar they were super tolerent compared to any other society at the time.. even mroe so than the romans or greeks . they simply didnt care about other groups religions as they believe their sky god had decided they could conquer these other people.. many senior mongols were Christians.. muslims.. buddhists ect..
@@manchagojohnsonmanchago6367 LOL why are u saying more so as if classical Greco-Roman civilisation is known for being tolerant. They enforced their ideals on the people they conquered. Just like the Spanish and Persian empires.
So Mongol tolerance of other religions varied from ruler to ruler. I see. This video was very informative. My compliments to all those that made this video a reality.
I mean the Muslim kingdoms taxed all non-Muslims and the Christian kingdoms repressed all non-Christian religious worship in the 13th century, so the fact that the worship of other religions was allowed without taxation makes them tolerant for their time.
@@Swift-mr5zi I understand that philosophy is not exempt from logic, but how can you make a philosophical mistake? Especially if the field barely started existing at that point. I thought you make your own philosophy after all and it's others' choice to follow it, that's how I understand it; there is no right or wrong philosophy in this mindset.
The art in this episode is so well done, it makes me want to treat all my contemporaries' beliefs with respect. Möngke Khaan in particular is so lifelike, it is as if you plucked him out of the 1250s! Just as God has given us five fingers on the hand, so too has he given us Kings and Generals
Regarding Islam - the Qur’an says in Surah Nisa, Chapter 4, Verse No.82 - ‘Do they not consider the Qur’an with care? - Had it been from anyone besides Allah, there would have been many contradictions.’ There is not a single. Regarding more contradictions in the Bible - five minutes will be insufficient - Even if they give me 5 days, its difficult. Any way I will just mention a few. It is mentioned in the 2nd Kings, Chapter No.8, Verse No.26, it says that ‘Ahezia, he was 22 years old, when he began to reign.’ 2nd Chronicles, Chapter No. 22, Verse No. 2, says that… ‘He was 42 years old, when he began to reign.’ Was he 22 years old, or was he 42 years old? - Mathematical contradiction. Further more, in 2nd Chronicles, Chapter No. 21, Verse No. 20, it says that… ‘Joaram, the father of Ahezia, he reigned at the age of 32 - and he reigned for 8 years, and he died at the age of 40. Immediately… Ahezia became the next ruler at the age of 42. Father died at the age of 40 - Immediately son takes over, who is at the age of 42. How can a son, be two years older than the father?’ Believe me even… even in Hollywood film, you will not be able to produce it. In Hollywood film, you can produce a ‘unicorn’ which I mentioned in my talk. Unicorn… you can have Coccrodyasis, which the Bible speaks about, Concrodyasis and dragons and serpents. But in Hollywood you cannot even show a son, being two years older than the father. It cannot even be a miracle - Even in miracles; it is not possible - Impossible. In miracle, you can have a person being born of a virgin birth - but in miracle you cannot have a son being older than the father, by 2 years. Further if you read - it is mentioned in the Bible, in 2nd Samuel Chapter No 24, Verse No 9, that… ‘The people that were involved in the battlefield. It gives a list of these people, in 2nd Samuel, Chapter 24, Verse No. 9, and it says that… ‘People that took part 800 thousand of the men of Israel, took part - and 500 thousand of the men of Judah same.’ If you see other places, 1st Chronicle, Chapter 21, Verse No. 5, it says that… ‘1 million - Hundred thousand people took part in the battle field, from the men of Israel - and ten thousand four hundred and sixty men took part of Judah.’ Was it 800 thousand people who took part from the men of Israel, or was it 1 million - 100 thousand? Was it 5 lakh people of Judah that took part or 10,460? A clear-cut contradiction. Further more, it is mentioned in the Bible in 2nd Samuel, Chapter No. 6, Verse No 23, that… ‘Michael the daughter of Saul - she had no sons’ - 2nd Samuel’, Chapter 21, Verse No. 8… ‘Michael the daughter of Saul had 5 sons.’ One place it says… ‘No children, no son, no daughter’ - Other place… ‘5 sons.’ Further more if you read, it is mentioned in Gospel of Mathew, Chapter No. 1, Verse No. 16 - it says about the genealogy of Jesus Christ peace be upon him - as well as Luke Chapter No. 3, Verse No. 23, and it says that… Jesus’ father, that is Joseph - his father was Jacob’ - Mathew, Chapter 1, Verse 16. And Luke, Chapter No 3, Verse No 23… Jesus’ father… Joseph - his father was Hailey. Did Jesus’ father… Joseph, had two fathers ? What do you call a person who has got two fathers ? Or was it Hailey - or was it Jacob ? Clear-cut contradiction. In a holy book where there are so many mathematical errors that can never be a book from God...!
Ogodei and the two pretty unimpressive short-reigned Guyuk and Monke were perhaps the three most powerful individuals ever, becuse they were Khans over such a vast empire. of course none of it would be possible without Chinghis or Subutai tho.
@@fredbarker9201 My friend, I have a homework. The Turkic empires that left deep traces in world history and the states that are the descendants of these empires today are asked. can you count a few
When Hulegu sacked Baghdad and executed the last Abassid Caliph in the 14th century, he had a particularly creative punishment for him. The poor caliph was stuffed into a sack and then trampled to death with horses. A horrible way to die but ironically one that the Mongols considered a dignified death. Also in Mongolian culture it was considered taboo to spill the blood of a holy man. Not sure if any worshipers of Islam would have seen it that way, but from their own point of view the Mongols were honoring their holy leader with such a brutal form of execution.
You guys have no idea, it's not actually like that in most of the country. Only in 2 cities, everywhere else that complied with lockdowns came out of them fast and went back to normal life. It's not some tyrannical government overreach that's trying to lock up everyone. Of you think about it for more than 2 seconds, who would that benefit anyway?
@Killin Sparker My friend, I have a homework. The Turkic empires that left deep traces in world history and the states that are the descendants of these empires today are asked. can you count a few
@@SmashBrosBrawl My friend, I have a homework. The Turkic empires that left deep traces in world history and the states that are the descendants of these empires today are asked. can you count a few
@@perseuswong6864 My friend, I have a homework. The Turkic empires that left deep traces in world history and the states that are the descendants of these empires today are asked. can you count a few
@@ceoofconfusion100 i dont know what you mean but the whole “you see this in all empires” is just inherently a false statement you dont see this in european empires and most moslim empires
Genghis Khan destroyed the buddhist/nestorian Qara Khitai state after one of its religiously oppressed populations, the muslim Karluks and Uyghurs asked him for help but that was most likely the final straw for the eventual conquest since Genghis already despised the Khitan ruler Kuchlug and was bound to expand his realm westwards
Great video, presenting a nuanced look at a complex subject. It would be awesome to see you make a similar video about the religious tolerance and diversity in Poland-Lithuania; from the Statute of Kalisz, through the ideas of Stanisław of Skarbimierz and Paweł Włodkowic (Paulus Vladimiri) presented at the Council of Constance, the Warsaw Confederation of 1573, to the relative decline of this tolerance during the Counter-Reformation, and the devastating wars and general crisis of the XVII century. Even after this it reminded above the European norm of the times.
I haven't looked into the PLCs tolerance, but wasn't it essentially exclusive to Jews and, to an extent, orthodox Christians? As in, a Muslim isn't gonna have that much of a different experience there than in, say, Austria?
@@Oujouj426 Unless there was a relatively small but well-established Muslim community in Austria, then yes, it was different. Because there absolutely was such community in the PLC - the Lipka Tatars. Many of them were actually nobles (although if I remember correctly, they couldn't fully enjoy their political rights, like holding offices, without converting first). The oldest Mosque in Poland is a small wooden one in the village of Kruszyniany (one of two of its kind within modern Polish borders, more can be found in Lithuania and Belarus), which was granted in 1679 to Samuel Mirza Krzeczowski by none other than Jan III Sobieski. Fun fact: the oldest Mosque in New York City, the Powers Street Mosque, was also founded by Lipka Tatar immigrants.
@@Artur_M. As a Jew (albeit with roots in Hungary-Romania and not Poland), I've always wondered what the deal was with Poland and Jews. Although there's the stereotypical image of Poland having been a bastion of antisemitism, it doesn't escape me that prior to WW2, Poland had the most Jews in the world -- at its height 3 million, or 10% (!) of the Polish population. I believe the Polish monarch also invited Jews to resettle there from further west where they were experidncing harsh perseciftion. And I recall reading Poland had enshrined religious protections and such for much of its history. Would love to learn more, not really an area I've looked much into.
@@danieledelstein9129 Are you familiar with youtuber Sam Aronow, who covers Jewish history? I think he covered this particular topic quite well, thus far until the middle of the 19th century. It's worth to watch all his videos chronologically but for this specific topic you can instead watch the 'Eastern Europe' Playlist, starting with the second video 'Casimir's Gift' (so 6 videos as for now). I also recommend checking the website of the Polin Museum in Warsaw, with links to their TH-cam channel and many other projects.
This is the best channel on all of youtube, I love you guys. Wish more people heard about the other side of Mongolian Empire. Thanks King and Generals for always always delivering the best content.
Historians “the mongols were religiously tolerant” Me “their tolerance was making skull mountains out of religious worshipers so in the end it didn’t fkin matter lol” The mongols may have been more open about religion but that don’t really matter when they have almost wiped out all that religions believers in the city they just conquered
We Mongols were/ are very practial with religions. Even today when people face some diffuculties in their lives they would go to christian church in the morning and pray to Jesus, and go to buddhist temple in the afternoon and would do anything the lamas would suggest. And in the evening, we would visit shaman’s ger and ask solitions for their problems. This is how we see religions, if we believe your religion could help us we would embrace it. But if not, it’s useless.
@@theprinceoftides6836 don’t act like you know shit. Chinggis was strong, strict, and brutal but at the same time he had respect and felt for his people. A Western mind can’t cope with that. He killed all those men not because he hated them, but because it was necessary for his purpose.
@@subutaibaatur7669 I'm not acting anything my main man, I'm from that neck of the wood , and I'm pretty sure it's more than likely he's DNA runs thru my vains as it is to 1/3 of the whole human population, but U R right Temugin is a very complex and pragmatic man, arguably the greatest conqueror the world has ever known.
I swear, every single one of these videos when it gets about halfway through you get a "shit's going down" type of feeling like you're watching history in person and having a bunch of crazy revelations. I love it! Thank you for the awesome content you guys make 🙏
From what I heard, the main reason for Mongolian religious tolerance was simply because they had their own religion, which they believe only they were worthy of. So they let everyone else do their own thing religiously, and they didn’t try to endow their own beliefs on everyone else.
Just wanted to say your videos have inspired a new found love of history have always had a passive interest but your content has took it to a new level. The quality is fantastic after a hard days work genuinely help me unwind just wanted to say thanks. On another level to any other channel I have seen on TH-cam and anywhere for that Matter.
@@Neverdyingpride I am Native American (Athabaskan). Yes, I understand, but I was talking to people who do not know and most do not understand. Олон хүмүүс бидний итгэл үнэмшлийн тогтолцооны талаар үл хүндэтгэсэн үг хэлдэг. Би монгол хэл сурч байна. Миний өгүүлбэр зөв байна гэж найдаж байна.
I like how Whig historians in the mold of Gibbon are seemingly ok with the oppression of religious minorities as long as its done for political reasons.
@Lucas De Araújo Marques My friend, I have a homework. The Turkic empires that left deep traces in world history and the states that are the descendants of these empires today are asked. can you count a few
So basically, the Mongols followed the Realpolitik school in terms of most things, religion included. Interestingly, a descendant (arguably) of the Mongols who was born a Muslim caused more damage to the Islamic world than any Mongol since Hulegu, not a century from the end of Mongol rule. Who by the way I’d like to see a few more videos on ;)
Can you guys at some point do videos on topics like Ancient Egypt, Ottoman Janissairies, Persian Immortals, Phoenicia and Carthage? Just throwing ideas outthere.
@@josephmak7473 Are you sure? Because I looked and I can only find the one from the Invicta channel, which I've already seen. If you can send a link, that would be awesome.
I really wish the Netflix series Marco Polo got more seasons...such a good show. The animation for Ghengis in this video looks just like the actor that played Kublai on the show.
Eh, given how even Muslims would order an extra tax on Jews (I'm assuming that this 'tax exempt' status means exemption from the taxes levied on civilian institutions), being completely ignored is the best deal Jews could get in the medival era. It probably also made it so more often than not they didn't even get punished for practicing kosher slaughter (very similar to halal slaughter) and circumcision when Muslims were. Being ignored completely is sometimes the best you can get.
@@mohandave5825 religion and spirituality are not the same... “Live a good life. If there are gods and they are just, then they will not care how devout you have been, but will welcome you based on the virtues you have lived by. If there are gods, but unjust, then you should not want to worship them. If there are no gods, then you will be gone, but will have lived a noble life that will live on in the memories of your loved ones.” ― Marcus Aurelius
Islam complimented the Mongols' culture in the same way it complimented Turkic, Berber, and Arab culture. Tribalism and a history of nomadic raids made it appealing to loot and plunder the "infidel" if one converted to Islam. Christianity and Buddhism would have only challenged such preexisting notions of war, whereas Islam complimented it by adding an appealing afterlife if one should die in such a raid for Islam.
Interestingly enough, the Mongol empire had more diversity than any other group at the time. Both the Ket people, who are descendants of the Diné from the American Southwest, and Italian explorers from Venice, were present among the ranks of the Mongols. There's nothing else like it.
I used to always find it strange that historical sources would often state that both the Jews and Christians often aligned their support for the pagan Mongols, during the reign of Genghis and Kublai Kahn. After all, the Mongols killed scores of devout religious groups like the Buddhists, Daoist, Muslims, and Zorastorianism as well as destroyed their holy sites. I expected that Christians would suffer like the other religious groups only to find out further in my research that the Mongols granted religious freedom to Christians and Jews who often lived horribly under the other mentioned groups and actually protected and enforced Christian and Jewish rights.
Even though Islam eventually won Mongols conquerors of the Muslim world, Mongol devastation and destruction of Baghdad is etched in Muslim conscious like Holocaust for the Jews. I don't think we will ever forget it.
There were so many female warriors in Mongolia, who were taking care of the homeland while the Khans were away fighting. Please tell their stories in your next videos. Thanks.
This is so fascinating. Mongols were shamanistic nomads who became mostly Buddhist after ruling China, mostly Muslim after ruling Central Asia and yeah, they viewed Christianity and Daoism as aite too. Wild.
As the Mongolian empire became more fragmented and ultimate disintegrated, the overwhelming majority of Mongolians in the diaspora converted to Islam. With the exception of the capitol Uulan Bator and the surrounding Steppe's which to this day remains animist and predominantly Buddhist (the modern day country of Mongolia). Interestingly, to this day Mongolian faces can be seen in countries of Central Asia including Iran and Afghanistan. They are the descendants of the Mongolian diaspora who have converted to Islam. There is also an ethnic group within Russia who are descended from the Mongols known as the Kalmyk's. They too are Buddhist.
You seem pretty knowledgeable about this, maybe you'll know this answer. Who were the Kushons? I think they were either descendants or ancestors of what would be Mongols, but I don't know
@@matthiasthulman4058 The Kushans were most probably one of five branches of the Yuezhi confederation Indo-European nomadic people of possible Tocharian origin, from Northern China ( Possibly Mongolian but impossible to know for sure) but like with most ethnic groups they were not homogenous and were a mix of Indian, Persian, and Greeks ethnically. If you remember the Buddha's of Bamiyan which were tragically destroyed by the Taliban. These were of Kushan origin. Truly a fascinating and inventive empire they were an amalgamation of Greco-Indo and Persian cultures. I would encourage you to do more research on the Kushan Empire. It's very interesting. Cheers!!
If you want your empire to last, a certain amount of tolerance is required. As long as the people following the different faiths obey the laws & pay taxes & as long as the ruler doesn't over do it .. and yeah you probably sadly need to play the faiths off against each other as religious leaders are just another type of ambitious politicians.
Very well documented video with a lot of new information. However, I think to look at Mongolian tolerance based on 21st century globalization is very harsh to say the least. Take a look at other empires in relation to the time frame of the Mongolian Empire and you will be surprised to find that at the time, they were more tolerant than any European Kingdoms, where worshipping other gods was punishable by death. Let alone the amount of deaths that were faced by Christians who said anything other than what the Pope said. The contrast is night and day. As the video claims, Priest used their religions to give validation to the Mongolian Government, which made it easier for them to control other nations, meanwhile Christian and Islamic nations used their religions to convert and conquer leaving no tolerance for other religions. It's two completely different ideologies.
The Islamic empires were not like the most of christians kingdoms who kill any one don’t agree with theme like the crusaders .... , take for example Spain, Portugal and the Inquisition,, the golden era of the Jews in Andalusia was under Islamic rule, Christians in Jerusalem and the Orthodox in the Balkans preferred Islamic rule over Catholic rule ,,, !
@@E001-f8g Islamic states were very intolerant of other religions, not just did their holy books place Arabs over other races, but death was the punishment if their citizens left their faith. In comparison to Christianity they weren't as intolerant as Christian nations, but certainly nothing close to the tolerance of the Mongolians.
In the 12th century there was a great ruler before Genghis, and it is believed the legend of an isolated Christian ruler, Prester John, comes from him.
Despite a tad-too-much Islamophilia, the Great Courses lecture on "Turning Points in Middle Eastern History" is quite good. Professor Eamonn Gearon has a great comment on Hulagu Khan's sparing of the Nestorian Christians during the massacre at Baghdad. Both Hulagu's mother, Khatun Sorghaghtani Beki, and his favourite wife were Nestorian Christians, and Gearon wryly remarks, "At the end of the day, we all have to go home."
To be fair, that was wasn’t anti-Islam bias and more Standard Operating Procedure for the Mongols against any why resisted. Basically, if you didn’t surrender immediately to the Mongols, they burnt all your stuff down. Awful, to be sure, but it’s not really a product of bias.
If they had reached the heart of Europe, they would've burned down whatever cathedral stood in their way. They were equal opportunity genociders. They won't kill you for your identity, but they'll kill you for being a resident of a hostile realm.
@@aventidblechchlatechipfrap7465 I can’t argue with that statement lol. Ancient Nestorians, eastern missionaries and eastern Christians used to be based af.
i would suggest we start using "Dyophysite" when referring to Nestorians. I know it's a bit of technical term but i still think it's more appropriate since "Nestorians" started its life as a sneer label, as is often the case with labels of religious denominations in history. Moreover, Nestorius, however important did not really figure as a founding father for the Nestorian Church of the East but rather Theodore of Mopsuestia.
Yeah sure but its very common among western media, academia,etc to use slurs, insults and degrading names as names of muslim schools of thought and tradition... For example "Wahhabis" -
@@blkgardnerNo because the Dyophysites are non-Chalcedonians, but i think i know what you're getting at because the Chalcedonian definition of 451 largely catered to Nestorius's viewpoints rather than Monophysite/Miaphysite christology. But it wouldn't work calling the Chalcedonian churches dyophysites, at all. Why? Well, the Dyophysites are adhering to a more *robust* distinction of the divine and human natures of Christ than what sits innocently balanced within the Chaldeconian Creed. Moreover, they felt that Nestorius had been treated with outrageous injustice, so Chalcedon was a bitter disappointment for them and they went their own way after that as the Church of the East, just like the Miaphysite's created their own churches which you correctly pointed out are known as "Oriental Orthodox". So both are non-Chalcedonians and therefore it would be wrong to lump dyophysites together with the heirs of Chalcedon. Nor would they want to, except for a branch called the Chaldean Catholic Church which decided on communion with the Western Latin Church in the 16th century, but employs Syriac liturgy. There's another term which should be used also; "Miaphysites" instead of "Monophysites". The Oriental Orthodox churches reject the monophysite label anyway but they seem to accept Miaphysite. "Miaphysite" is an indication that Cyril of Alexandria wasn't crudely talking about "one nature" in Christ; he would have said that Christ's nature might be single but that it was also composite. To sum it up, "Dyophysite" or Dyophysitism is a specific technical jargon term used exclusively for the Nestorian *Churches of the East* such as the *Apostolic Assyrian Church of the East* . Not to be mixed with Chalcedonian churches and obviosuly not with their theological opposites, the Miaphysite Oriental Orthodox. These distinctions are important because we're getting a more accurate, neutral historical picture this way.
@@maxion5109 I have seen the term "Dyophysitism" be used in contradistinction to Monophysitism, to be used in reference to Chalcedonian Christology. Using the term exclusively to refer to Nestorians is implying Chaldedonian Christians are actually some variant of monophysites, and the Nestorians are the only Christians who believe in the "real" two natures.
They weren't tolerant, they were apathetic. Your religion doesn't matter until it becomes relevant to the Khan or other rulers, at which point the religion may gain favour or suffer.
Mongols were mighty in warfare, but not so in administration! So, they needed scholars and professionals coming from other established empires of different religious backgrounds!
There is a certain administrative might in selecting the right candidate for the job. Many absolutist rulers have done a much worse job trying to handle it themselves.
Does anyone have legitimate examples of empires or cultures from the era that were any more "tolerant" than the Mongols? Seems any sense of religious tolerance from that era was more of a 'guise' for politically motivated purposes than anything else.
China was usually a religiously tolerant country when it was unified, there were persecutions on occasion of course but not nearly to the degree seen in Europe or west Asia
@@anaskpalmalaki8804 are you kidding me. The Ottoman Empire is notorious for considering its non-Muslim subjects as part of a lesser class. P.S.: Until the late 19th century that is.
When the conquerors conquered the land, its culture will conquer them back. And the Mongols conquest of Iran and their conversion to Islam some generations later is one of the best examples of such a thing.
its Persia, 3000 years Barberian from north invade, get "civiilised", and their grandkid get conquired by another Barberian from north and cycle continue.
@@ericbatkhuu8696 well first wave are the people who created the culture although inspired very much by elamite and Semitic people but otherwise pretty much correct.
@@heliosdromus7231 (It's only mandatory if the person is financially able to afford it) In exchange of the small money called jizya, non Muslim get to live as part of the Muslim society and they will have the same rights as Muslims and also be protected by the empire... Muslims also have to pay zakat... those who don't are called rebels or traitors. for any Muslim or non Muslim who doesn't pay what they owe, its as if they declared war on the Muslims, and thus must be fought against or punished. Similar to how taxes are today, if you fail to pay taxes in the untied stated for example, you'll be ripped out from your property and end up serving time in jail (depending on the amount you owe)
@@ayhemshaban9745 In many instances in history, the Jizya tax was NOT a small amount--the amount depended on the ruler's whim. There were many mentions of non-muslims being forced to convert just so they would be able to have enough money to live comfortably by not paying the tax. If the Jizya amount was small, they would not have converted.
The Mongol barbarian hordes still slaughtered tens of millions of people, with some historians estimating that more people died during the Mongol invasions than in WWII. Moreover, the people that they killed, enslaved, and displaced were all of different religions, cultures, and backgrounds. So to say that they were “religiously tolerant”, is ironic, hypocritical, and down right ridiculous.
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Next you should look at how the iberian peninsula was tolerant or southern Italy.
make a video on imperial chola and their navy
Here is an idea - a video on an obscure religion from Iberia (Spain) known as pricillianism. Or how divided Spain was.
Makes sense, the mongols did not actively support or oppose one religion. They just showed favour to those that proved useful and largely ignored smaller sects.
Which, by the standards of the time, counted as being tolerant.
@@jesseberg3271 You don't call a fish that lived in the narrow water a land-occupying fish when animals had not come to shore, just because by the time's standard it is the one made it closest to land, do you? Neither did the Mongols, they made it close to religious tolerance, but didn't make it.
@@jesseberg3271 My friend, I have a homework. The Turkish empires that left deep traces in the history of the world and the states that are the descendants of those empires today are being asked. can you count a few
@@nguyennguyenhuy7730 My friend, I have a homework. The Turkish empires that left deep traces in the history of the world and the states that are the descendants of those empires today are being asked. can you count a few
@@nguyennguyenhuy7730 chill
The Mongol Empire were, in my mind, less an example of proto-Enlightenment ideals and more an example of a proto-Globalization society.
I agree 100%!
I think calling the Mongols globalizers or modernizers is like shooting an arrow and drawing a bulls eye where it lands.
Imo the interconnecting of the far east and west was a by product of the Mongols beating ass, and less of a high minded aspiration of theirs.
@@0sm1um76
I never said it was intentional….
Both were oppressors
And both are just as extractive and brutal as each other.
People:"Are you religious tolerant?"
Mongol Empire:"Yesn't"
Yesn't lol this should be an official word
Better than a straight up ban or persecution which is likely the best you can get in the medieval age...
@Θ.Σ.Κ.30 ΙΙ My friend, I have a homework. The Turkish empires that left deep traces in the history of the world and the states that are the descendants of those empires today are being asked. can you count a few
@@Dreagostini My friend, I have a homework. The Turkish empires that left deep traces in the history of the world and the states that are the descendants of those empires today are being asked. can you count a few
Yeah, nah.
Basically, they tolerate religion, but not in the way we expected
Lol, thanks for the summary Anakin
For their time yes, we can’t really compare the modern definition of religious tolerance for the time of the Mongols.
@@jacobxiongnu2931 Then it wasn't so special to be praised, as the Roman Empire, the Archemenid empire and Macedonian empire all practiced that.
So...you're saying they didn't deal in absolutes?
@@Wolfeson28 My friend, I have a homework. The Turkish empires that left deep traces in the history of the world and the states that are the descendants of those empires today are being asked. can you count a few
"I care not what gods they worship so long has they obey my commands."
Thomas Jefferson said something like that, “Matters not how many gods my neighbor prays to or none at all. So long as he does not break my bones or picks my wallet.”
@@JaketheJust Jefferson was a slave owner. Although, he had doubts. About it.
that is based
@@JaketheJust My friend, I have a homework. The Turkic empires that left deep traces in world history and the states that are the descendants of these empires today are asked. can you count a few
@@edoedo8686 My friend, I have a homework. The Turkic empires that left deep traces in world history and the states that are the descendants of these empires today are asked. can you count a few
I always pictured Mongol Religious Tolerance as “you better pray your God is right.Otherwise..”
naar they were super tolerent compared to any other society at the time.. even mroe so than the romans or greeks . they simply didnt care about other groups religions as they believe their sky god had decided they could conquer these other people.. many senior mongols were Christians.. muslims.. buddhists ect..
@@manchagojohnsonmanchago6367 true
@@manchagojohnsonmanchago6367 LOL why are u saying more so as if classical Greco-Roman civilisation is known for being tolerant. They enforced their ideals on the people they conquered. Just like the Spanish and Persian empires.
@@himum3429 most empires did this, tolerance is not the same as acceptance, it just means you probably won't be brutalised.
@@Hideyoshi1991 That's a fair point.
So Mongol tolerance of other religions varied from ruler to ruler. I see. This video was very informative. My compliments to all those that made this video a reality.
Well said best comment ive seen so far well said
@@chepito2443---thank you
So the answer is... Relatively, yes. Because in history, everything is relative to the norms of that time :)
@@newonevery740: Actually, they were early on. Successor Khanates, however, were more pro-Islam in outlook...
I mean the Muslim kingdoms taxed all non-Muslims and the Christian kingdoms repressed all non-Christian religious worship in the 13th century, so the fact that the worship of other religions was allowed without taxation makes them tolerant for their time.
So you should write a book on that. Such a clever man.
@@SetTrippin82 Thank you! :D
@@newonevery740 Compared to what was going on in the Christian world? Mongols were definitely more tolerant.
I love how all history myth debunking videos seem to begin with “It all started when Edward Gibbon said…”
He is almost like the father of modern history.
@@Prodigi50 True.
Plato made a great many philosophical mistakes, yet he is still regarded as one of the great philosophers.
@@Swift-mr5zi I understand that philosophy is not exempt from logic, but how can you make a philosophical mistake? Especially if the field barely started existing at that point. I thought you make your own philosophy after all and it's others' choice to follow it, that's how I understand it; there is no right or wrong philosophy in this mindset.
@@janobara6337 You answered your own question in the first half of your first sentence.
The art in this episode is so well done, it makes me want to treat all my contemporaries' beliefs with respect. Möngke Khaan in particular is so lifelike, it is as if you plucked him out of the 1250s! Just as God has given us five fingers on the hand, so too has he given us Kings and Generals
Regarding Islam - the Qur’an says in Surah Nisa, Chapter 4, Verse No.82 - ‘Do they not consider the Qur’an with care? - Had it been from anyone besides Allah, there would have been many contradictions.’ There is not a single.
Regarding more contradictions in the Bible - five minutes will be insufficient - Even if they give me 5 days, its difficult. Any way I will just mention a few. It is mentioned in the 2nd Kings, Chapter No.8, Verse No.26, it says that ‘Ahezia, he was 22 years old, when he began to reign.’ 2nd Chronicles, Chapter No. 22, Verse No. 2, says that… ‘He was 42 years old, when he began to reign.’ Was he 22 years old, or was he 42 years old? - Mathematical contradiction. Further more, in 2nd Chronicles, Chapter No. 21, Verse No. 20, it says that… ‘Joaram, the father of Ahezia, he reigned at the age of 32 - and he reigned for 8 years, and he died at the age of 40. Immediately… Ahezia became the next ruler at the age of 42. Father died at the age of 40 - Immediately son takes over, who is at the age of 42. How can a son, be two years older than the father?’ Believe me even… even in Hollywood film, you will not be able to produce it. In Hollywood film, you can produce a ‘unicorn’ which I mentioned in my talk. Unicorn… you can have Coccrodyasis, which the Bible speaks about, Concrodyasis and dragons and serpents. But in Hollywood you cannot even show a son, being two years older than the father. It cannot even be a miracle - Even in miracles; it is not possible - Impossible. In miracle, you can have a person being born of a virgin birth - but in miracle you cannot have a son being older than the father, by 2 years. Further if you read - it is mentioned in the Bible, in 2nd Samuel Chapter No 24, Verse No 9, that… ‘The people that were involved in the battlefield. It gives a list of these people, in 2nd Samuel, Chapter 24, Verse No. 9, and it says that… ‘People that took part 800 thousand of the men of Israel, took part - and 500 thousand of the men of Judah same.’ If you see other places, 1st Chronicle, Chapter 21, Verse No. 5, it says that… ‘1 million - Hundred thousand people took part in the battle field, from the men of Israel - and ten thousand four hundred and sixty men took part of Judah.’ Was it 800 thousand people who took part from the men of Israel, or was it 1 million - 100 thousand? Was it 5 lakh people of Judah that took part or 10,460? A clear-cut contradiction. Further more, it is mentioned in the Bible in 2nd Samuel, Chapter No. 6, Verse No 23, that… ‘Michael the daughter of Saul - she had no sons’ - 2nd Samuel’, Chapter 21, Verse No. 8… ‘Michael the daughter of Saul had 5 sons.’ One place it says… ‘No children, no son, no daughter’ - Other place… ‘5 sons.’ Further more if you read, it is mentioned in Gospel of Mathew, Chapter No. 1, Verse No. 16 - it says about the genealogy of Jesus Christ peace be upon him - as well as Luke Chapter No. 3, Verse No. 23, and it says that… Jesus’ father, that is Joseph - his father was Jacob’ - Mathew, Chapter 1, Verse 16. And Luke, Chapter No 3, Verse No 23… Jesus’ father… Joseph - his father was Hailey. Did Jesus’ father… Joseph, had two fathers ? What do you call a person who has got two fathers ? Or was it Hailey - or was it Jacob ? Clear-cut contradiction. In a holy book where there are so many mathematical errors that can never be a book from God...!
@Heberth R. Hmm. Yes, a valid argument.
Agree mate, it's done very well
Ogodei and the two pretty unimpressive short-reigned Guyuk and Monke were perhaps the three most powerful individuals ever, becuse they were Khans over such a vast empire. of course none of it would be possible without Chinghis or Subutai tho.
@@fredbarker9201 My friend, I have a homework. The Turkic empires that left deep traces in world history and the states that are the descendants of these empires today are asked. can you count a few
When Hulegu sacked Baghdad and executed the last Abassid Caliph in the 14th century, he had a particularly creative punishment for him. The poor caliph was stuffed into a sack and then trampled to death with horses. A horrible way to die but ironically one that the Mongols considered a dignified death. Also in Mongolian culture it was considered taboo to spill the blood of a holy man. Not sure if any worshipers of Islam would have seen it that way, but from their own point of view the Mongols were honoring their holy leader with such a brutal form of execution.
me: about to drop some blood
*mongols staring me intensely*
*me dropping some blood*
mongols: all right boyz, ready the horse and bag, its time.
Well-well, I remember when Suleiman The Magnificent kill his own son by strangle him because pretty much the same reason.
@@ExcelonTheFourthAvalonHeirs The Turco-Mongolic ethnocultural synthesis shines through right there ;)
Qitbuqa head was chopped by baibars in ain jalut .
When you said hulegu i remembered what happened to library of baghdad. May God burn and damn his rotten soul in deepest hole in hell eternal
You're continually brightening the days of THIS Australian stuck in lockdown, who's using the lockdown to sharpen his Mongol knowledge. Thank you!!
You guys have no idea, it's not actually like that in most of the country. Only in 2 cities, everywhere else that complied with lockdowns came out of them fast and went back to normal life. It's not some tyrannical government overreach that's trying to lock up everyone. Of you think about it for more than 2 seconds, who would that benefit anyway?
Wow you Aussies are still in COVID lockdown?
@Killin Sparker My friend, I have a homework. The Turkic empires that left deep traces in world history and the states that are the descendants of these empires today are asked. can you count a few
@@SmashBrosBrawl My friend, I have a homework. The Turkic empires that left deep traces in world history and the states that are the descendants of these empires today are asked. can you count a few
@@perseuswong6864 My friend, I have a homework. The Turkic empires that left deep traces in world history and the states that are the descendants of these empires today are asked. can you count a few
You see this in all empires. It’s easier to collect the taxes from the pockets of the emperors land if he allows the locals to keep their tradition.
No you don’t
@@balyeetbhagaloe6416 but what if we did
@@ceoofconfusion100 i dont know what you mean but the whole “you see this in all empires” is just inherently a false statement you dont see this in european empires and most moslim empires
@@balyeetbhagaloe6416 Roman, Macedonian empires and French, British, Italian, Netherland colonies are not european, right?
@@nguyennguyenhuy7730 romans and religious tolerance in the same sentence?🥴
The mongols allowed Scientology as long as you prayed to Xenu for the Khans good fortune.
The Mongols are a intresting empire to learn about
Genghis Khan destroyed the buddhist/nestorian Qara Khitai state after one of its religiously oppressed populations, the muslim Karluks and Uyghurs asked him for help but that was most likely the final straw for the eventual conquest since Genghis already despised the Khitan ruler Kuchlug and was bound to expand his realm westwards
The talibans destroyed a Buddhist monument in the landscape of Afghanistan 🇦🇫
@@mariyabiswas3391 Some portion of them are by that point
That was politics not tolerance
@@Manuel-gu9ls they have mongol in their dna
He was a conqueror and the most famous one
The answer is, “It’s politics”.
Not really, did you watch the video?
Trying to wake up earlier for my new job and this definitely helped me stay awake this morning, thanks for the interesting video!
Great video, presenting a nuanced look at a complex subject.
It would be awesome to see you make a similar video about the religious tolerance and diversity in Poland-Lithuania; from the Statute of Kalisz, through the ideas of Stanisław of Skarbimierz and Paweł Włodkowic (Paulus Vladimiri) presented at the Council of Constance, the Warsaw Confederation of 1573, to the relative decline of this tolerance during the Counter-Reformation, and the devastating wars and general crisis of the XVII century. Even after this it reminded above the European norm of the times.
I haven't looked into the PLCs tolerance, but wasn't it essentially exclusive to Jews and, to an extent, orthodox Christians? As in, a Muslim isn't gonna have that much of a different experience there than in, say, Austria?
@@Oujouj426 Unless there was a relatively small but well-established Muslim community in Austria, then yes, it was different. Because there absolutely was such community in the PLC - the Lipka Tatars. Many of them were actually nobles (although if I remember correctly, they couldn't fully enjoy their political rights, like holding offices, without converting first). The oldest Mosque in Poland is a small wooden one in the village of Kruszyniany (one of two of its kind within modern Polish borders, more can be found in Lithuania and Belarus), which was granted in 1679 to Samuel Mirza Krzeczowski by none other than Jan III Sobieski.
Fun fact: the oldest Mosque in New York City, the Powers Street Mosque, was also founded by Lipka Tatar immigrants.
@@Artur_M. As a Jew (albeit with roots in Hungary-Romania and not Poland), I've always wondered what the deal was with Poland and Jews. Although there's the stereotypical image of Poland having been a bastion of antisemitism, it doesn't escape me that prior to WW2, Poland had the most Jews in the world -- at its height 3 million, or 10% (!) of the Polish population. I believe the Polish monarch also invited Jews to resettle there from further west where they were experidncing harsh perseciftion. And I recall reading Poland had enshrined religious protections and such for much of its history. Would love to learn more, not really an area I've looked much into.
@@danieledelstein9129 Are you familiar with youtuber Sam Aronow, who covers Jewish history? I think he covered this particular topic quite well, thus far until the middle of the 19th century.
It's worth to watch all his videos chronologically but for this specific topic you can instead watch the 'Eastern Europe' Playlist, starting with the second video 'Casimir's Gift' (so 6 videos as for now).
I also recommend checking the website of the Polin Museum in Warsaw, with links to their TH-cam channel and many other projects.
This is the best channel on all of youtube, I love you guys. Wish more people heard about the other side of Mongolian Empire. Thanks King and Generals for always always delivering the best content.
Me: *Having a bad day
Kings and generals: *posts mongol video
Me: *having a good day
I love the Kings and Generals series of videos on the Mongols, this video rocks!
Historians “the mongols were religiously tolerant”
Me “their tolerance was making skull mountains out of religious worshipers so in the end it didn’t fkin matter lol”
The mongols may have been more open about religion but that don’t really matter when they have almost wiped out all that religions believers in the city they just conquered
only if they refuse ti surrender
Thats irrelevant for this specific question
@@philipampofo6435 the point to the specific question is, they can be as tolerant as they want if there’s no one left to tolerate
It did matter because that allowed those populations to rebound.
When the mongols destroyed a few key Manichean towns in Central Asia it pretty much sealed it’s fate as an ancient formerly global religion.
We Mongols were/ are very practial with religions. Even today when people face some diffuculties in their lives they would go to christian church in the morning and pray to Jesus, and go to buddhist temple in the afternoon and would do anything the lamas would suggest. And in the evening, we would visit shaman’s ger and ask solitions for their problems. This is how we see religions, if we believe your religion could help us we would embrace it. But if not, it’s useless.
The mongols weren’t practicing tolerance. They were just being pragmatic
Up to a point, and in point I mean having a dagger in your throat . It's like it's Ghengis way or the , well U know lol.
@@theprinceoftides6836 don’t act like you know shit. Chinggis was strong, strict, and brutal but at the same time he had respect and felt for his people. A Western mind can’t cope with that. He killed all those men not because he hated them, but because it was necessary for his purpose.
@@subutaibaatur7669 I'm not acting anything my main man, I'm from that neck of the wood , and I'm pretty sure it's more than likely he's DNA runs thru my vains as it is to 1/3 of the whole human population, but U R right Temugin is a very complex and pragmatic man, arguably the greatest conqueror the world has ever known.
All religious tolerance is pragmatism
@@subutaibaatur7669 well said. bro
I swear, every single one of these videos when it gets about halfway through you get a "shit's going down" type of feeling like you're watching history in person and having a bunch of crazy revelations. I love it! Thank you for the awesome content you guys make 🙏
From what I heard, the main reason for Mongolian religious tolerance was simply because they had their own religion, which they believe only they were worthy of. So they let everyone else do their own thing religiously, and they didn’t try to endow their own beliefs on everyone else.
Just wanted to say your videos have inspired a new found love of history have always had a passive interest but your content has took it to a new level. The quality is fantastic after a hard days work genuinely help me unwind just wanted to say thanks. On another level to any other channel I have seen on TH-cam and anywhere for that Matter.
It is called Tengri and is practiced in some places in Mongolia currently.
some paces? no no you just don't know how deep is the shaman roots for mongols
@@Neverdyingpride I am Native American (Athabaskan). Yes, I understand, but I was talking to people who do not know and most do not understand. Олон хүмүүс бидний итгэл үнэмшлийн тогтолцооны талаар үл хүндэтгэсэн үг хэлдэг. Би монгол хэл сурч байна. Миний өгүүлбэр зөв байна гэж найдаж байна.
@@kathywolf4558 mongol heliig mash sain sursan baina, jinhene mongol hun shig bichij baina
I like how Whig historians in the mold of Gibbon are seemingly ok with the oppression of religious minorities as long as its done for political reasons.
It is enlightenment hypocrisy
@Lucas De Araújo Marques My friend, I have a homework. The Turkic empires that left deep traces in world history and the states that are the descendants of these empires today are asked. can you count a few
To be honest, I love learning about the Mongols, and also Norse Mythology and history.
The Achaemenid Persian Empire is famous for their religious and cultural tolerance, much early than the mongols.
Incredible videos as always.Kings and generals is my favourite you tube channel.
Mongols are
Tengerists
Muslims
Christians
Jews
Atheists
Hindus
Parsis
Buddhists
And mongols are
Mongols
"Some go so far as to present the Mongols as the inspiration for modern, liberal, religious toleration"
*Laughs in Cyrus the Great*
Me who knows that Cyrus actually favored the monotheists over the polytheists
@@shreyanodoyto5975because he is a monotheist himself
As that famous quote said ‘I am the most pious of all, when men hear the neighing and hooves of my horses, they pray’
Thats deep
Imran Ali actually took it from a song of ice and fire quote from Euron Greyjoy (not the TV comedy Euron) it’s a good quote.
Kings and Generals please post more videos about
-Aristotle teaching Alexander The Great
-Tengrism
-Golden age of Jewish culture in Spain
Also, the relations between the three Abrahamic religions in Islamic Hispania
@@shafqatishan437 Actually, Tengism is important part of steppe nomadic history, so I think it's slightly relevant
Zoroastrianism
So basically, the Mongols followed the Realpolitik school in terms of most things, religion included.
Interestingly, a descendant (arguably) of the Mongols who was born a Muslim caused more damage to the Islamic world than any Mongol since Hulegu, not a century from the end of Mongol rule. Who by the way I’d like to see a few more videos on ;)
To be precise, the term in this case is presaged, not followed.
We’re the Mongols religiously tolerant? =
Yes but actually no
For their time yes.
i think during their period they were most tolerated.
Can you guys at some point do videos on topics like Ancient Egypt, Ottoman Janissairies, Persian Immortals, Phoenicia and Carthage? Just throwing ideas outthere.
They have already made video about the persian immortals.
@@josephmak7473 Are you sure? Because I looked and I can only find the one from the Invicta channel, which I've already seen. If you can send a link, that would be awesome.
I really wish the Netflix series Marco Polo got more seasons...such a good show. The animation for Ghengis in this video looks just like the actor that played Kublai on the show.
Agreed
Every minute of that was perfect.
Does look a lot like Benedict Wong (aka Wong in the MCU films). I did find the second season pretty slow, which is likely why it was dropped.
every minute of it is just nudes. the first time i watched it with my family and all of a sudden theres people having sex. bro that show sucks
Benedict Wong. Who played Wong in Dr. Strange
Amazing information and art! Would love to see a video on Chinggis Qan's sons, their relationships, rivalries et al.
Could u please do a video on the Tibetan empire they are rarely talked about
Your videos are awsummm and very knowledgeable Thank you Kings and Generals . My favourite youtube channel
The Pastoral Mentality of Nomads of the great steppes was a glue : absorbing and connecting a huge diversity of cultures and religions.
Can you make a video about Manchurian and Nurhachi too? The story of how the Qing Dynasty was created
Good idea
As well as their Jurchen ancestors and the Khitan
K and G further answering questions I had no idea existed.
The mongol empire was super interesting with its cultural mix being not impeding its continuation
Please never stop making these videos :)
Eh, given how even Muslims would order an extra tax on Jews (I'm assuming that this 'tax exempt' status means exemption from the taxes levied on civilian institutions), being completely ignored is the best deal Jews could get in the medival era. It probably also made it so more often than not they didn't even get punished for practicing kosher slaughter (very similar to halal slaughter) and circumcision when Muslims were. Being ignored completely is sometimes the best you can get.
Actually, it is not additional tax, muslims had zakat and non Muslims had jizya.
@@Omer1996E.C i dont know how this is not comprehended by all and they say that we hit non muslim by jizya while we ourselves pay zakat
YYYEEESSS just in time to show in class!
Not really connected to the Mongol Empire, but what's the awesome soundtrack playing in the mech arena ad 0:42 - 1:57 ? Anyone know?
"Religion is regarded by the common people as true, by the wise as false, and by the rulers as useful."
- Lucius Annaeus Seneca
Not a very wise quote honestly
@@themercifulguard3971 wisdom is in the eye of the beholder...
Edgy athiest spotted.
@@mohandave5825 religion and spirituality are not the same...
“Live a good life. If there are gods and they are just, then they will not care how devout you have been, but will welcome you based on the virtues you have lived by. If there are gods, but unjust, then you should not want to worship them. If there are no gods, then you will be gone, but will have lived a noble life that will live on in the memories of your loved ones.”
― Marcus Aurelius
Atheists like you are so arrogant
Islam complimented the Mongols' culture in the same way it complimented Turkic, Berber, and Arab culture. Tribalism and a history of nomadic raids made it appealing to loot and plunder the "infidel" if one converted to Islam. Christianity and Buddhism would have only challenged such preexisting notions of war, whereas Islam complimented it by adding an appealing afterlife if one should die in such a raid for Islam.
What about the conquest of the Canaanites? Torah-sanctioned war.
@@goodday2760 Judaism was too weak to convert and that was specifically one region sanctioned to be conquered not the world of infidels
Lol killing a innocent human being is forbidden in Islam You are an islamophobe
Another great video Kings 👍
Interestingly enough, the Mongol empire had more diversity than any other group at the time. Both the Ket people, who are descendants of the Diné from the American Southwest, and Italian explorers from Venice, were present among the ranks of the Mongols. There's nothing else like it.
I used to always find it strange that historical sources would often state that both the Jews and Christians often aligned their support for the pagan Mongols, during the reign of Genghis and Kublai Kahn. After all, the Mongols killed scores of devout religious groups like the Buddhists, Daoist, Muslims, and Zorastorianism as well as destroyed their holy sites. I expected that Christians would suffer like the other religious groups only to find out further in my research that the Mongols granted religious freedom to Christians and Jews who often lived horribly under the other mentioned groups and actually protected and enforced Christian and Jewish rights.
Even though Islam eventually won Mongols conquerors of the Muslim world, Mongol devastation and destruction of Baghdad is etched in Muslim conscious like Holocaust for the Jews. I don't think we will ever forget it.
@@f1aziz sorry to hear that
@@theawesomeman9821 thank you.
@@f1aziz welcome
Modern day Mongolia is Buddhist? How did they end up like that?
I have not watched this episode yet. I have, however, already liked it, and know for a fact this like is earned.
There were so many female warriors in Mongolia, who were taking care of the homeland while the Khans were away fighting. Please tell their stories in your next videos. Thanks.
This is so fascinating. Mongols were shamanistic nomads who became mostly Buddhist after ruling China, mostly Muslim after ruling Central Asia and yeah, they viewed Christianity and Daoism as aite too. Wild.
Great video!
Thank you , K&G .
As the Mongolian empire became more fragmented and ultimate disintegrated, the overwhelming majority of Mongolians in the diaspora converted to Islam. With the exception of the capitol Uulan Bator and the surrounding Steppe's which to this day remains animist and predominantly Buddhist (the modern day country of Mongolia). Interestingly, to this day Mongolian faces can be seen in countries of Central Asia including Iran and Afghanistan. They are the descendants of the Mongolian diaspora who have converted to Islam. There is also an ethnic group within Russia who are descended from the Mongols known as the Kalmyk's. They too are Buddhist.
You seem pretty knowledgeable about this, maybe you'll know this answer.
Who were the Kushons?
I think they were either descendants or ancestors of what would be Mongols, but I don't know
@@matthiasthulman4058
The Kushans were most probably one of five branches of the Yuezhi confederation Indo-European nomadic people of possible Tocharian origin, from Northern China ( Possibly Mongolian but impossible to know for sure) but like with most ethnic groups they were not homogenous and were a mix of Indian, Persian, and Greeks ethnically. If you remember the Buddha's of Bamiyan which were tragically destroyed by the Taliban. These were of Kushan origin. Truly a fascinating and inventive empire they were an amalgamation of Greco-Indo and Persian cultures. I would encourage you to do more research on the Kushan Empire. It's very interesting.
Cheers!!
@@danield831 Thank you very much for the reply. I will definitely do more research
average k&g fan : watches the video
OG k&g fan : listens to the podcasts
Modern World: Wow, the Mongolians were so tolerant of Religion!
Cyrus the Great: Am I joke to you?
Not to mention King Ashoka and Sultan Saladin.
@@chengkuoklee5734 Ashoka and Saladin don't really fit 100%
Shia's and Copts don't really see Saladin as a great symbol of toleration.
I skipped school to watch this.. I'm actually learning something now.
Are you ever going to make a video on how the Mongols became Buddhist in the Tibetan fashion, or how the Kalmyks got to Europe.
If you want your empire to last, a certain amount of tolerance is required. As long as the people following the different faiths obey the laws & pay taxes & as long as the ruler doesn't over do it .. and yeah you probably sadly need to play the faiths off against each other as religious leaders are just another type of ambitious politicians.
The Mongols Religion was called Tengrism. Just as it was with the Huns and Turks.
Awesome episode
*Stares in Achaemenid Persia
Very well documented video with a lot of new information. However, I think to look at Mongolian tolerance based on 21st century globalization is very harsh to say the least. Take a look at other empires in relation to the time frame of the Mongolian Empire and you will be surprised to find that at the time, they were more tolerant than any European Kingdoms, where worshipping other gods was punishable by death. Let alone the amount of deaths that were faced by Christians who said anything other than what the Pope said. The contrast is night and day. As the video claims, Priest used their religions to give validation to the Mongolian Government, which made it easier for them to control other nations, meanwhile Christian and Islamic nations used their religions to convert and conquer leaving no tolerance for other religions. It's two completely different ideologies.
The Islamic empires were not like the most of christians kingdoms who kill any one don’t agree with theme like the crusaders .... , take for example Spain, Portugal and the Inquisition,, the golden era of the Jews in Andalusia was under Islamic rule, Christians in Jerusalem and the Orthodox in the Balkans preferred Islamic rule over Catholic rule ,,, !
@@E001-f8g Islamic states were very intolerant of other religions, not just did their holy books place Arabs over other races, but death was the punishment if their citizens left their faith. In comparison to Christianity they weren't as intolerant as Christian nations, but certainly nothing close to the tolerance of the Mongolians.
Thank you for mentioning Manich(a)eism in your video, but it would be interesting if you made a video dedicated to this neglected faith.
2:23 Most promanent tribe in Mongolia 12 th century, where nestorian cristians wow, how thay become nestorians?
In the 12th century there was a great ruler before Genghis, and it is believed the legend of an isolated Christian ruler, Prester John, comes from him.
This should be the model for multi cultural societies worldwide.
Great stuff
Despite a tad-too-much Islamophilia, the Great Courses lecture on "Turning Points in Middle Eastern History" is quite good. Professor Eamonn Gearon has a great comment on Hulagu Khan's sparing of the Nestorian Christians during the massacre at Baghdad. Both Hulagu's mother, Khatun Sorghaghtani Beki, and his favourite wife were Nestorian Christians, and Gearon wryly remarks, "At the end of the day, we all have to go home."
So tolerant that they ransacked the most renown library in Baghdad
War does that sometimes
To be fair, that was wasn’t anti-Islam bias and more Standard Operating Procedure for the Mongols against any why resisted. Basically, if you didn’t surrender immediately to the Mongols, they burnt all your stuff down. Awful, to be sure, but it’s not really a product of bias.
@@stevenchoza6391 very true. It was done to make a point I think to the local citys
If they had reached the heart of Europe, they would've burned down whatever cathedral stood in their way. They were equal opportunity genociders. They won't kill you for your identity, but they'll kill you for being a resident of a hostile realm.
@@Oujouj426
Pretty much.
17:40 Genghis Khan : imma destroy the Muslim world
Islam : reverse UNO card
😁😂
Kerey and Naiman tribes of Kazakhs, descendants of those mentioned here, are furious if you tell them their ancestors were Christian lol
@@aventidblechchlatechipfrap7465
I can’t argue with that statement lol.
Ancient Nestorians, eastern missionaries and eastern Christians used to be based af.
i would suggest we start using "Dyophysite" when referring to Nestorians. I know it's a bit of technical term but i still think it's more appropriate since "Nestorians" started its life as a sneer label, as is often the case with labels of religious denominations in history. Moreover, Nestorius, however important did not really figure as a founding father for the Nestorian Church of the East but rather Theodore of Mopsuestia.
Yeah sure but its very common among western media, academia,etc to use slurs, insults and degrading names as names of muslim schools of thought and tradition... For example "Wahhabis" -
@@muslimamerican4129 what's the proper name for that sect of Muslim teachings?
"Dyophsite" would also include Catholics, Eastern Orthodox, and Protestants, basically anyone except the Oriental Orthodox and non-Trinitarians.
@@blkgardnerNo because the Dyophysites are non-Chalcedonians, but i think i know what you're getting at because the Chalcedonian definition of 451 largely catered to Nestorius's viewpoints rather than Monophysite/Miaphysite christology. But it wouldn't work calling the Chalcedonian churches dyophysites, at all. Why? Well, the Dyophysites are adhering to a more *robust* distinction of the divine and human natures of Christ than what sits innocently balanced within the Chaldeconian Creed. Moreover, they felt that Nestorius had been treated with outrageous injustice, so Chalcedon was a bitter disappointment for them and they went their own way after that as the Church of the East, just like the Miaphysite's created their own churches which you correctly pointed out are known as "Oriental Orthodox".
So both are non-Chalcedonians and therefore it would be wrong to lump dyophysites together with the heirs of Chalcedon. Nor would they want to, except for a branch called the Chaldean Catholic Church which decided on communion with the Western Latin Church in the 16th century, but employs Syriac liturgy.
There's another term which should be used also; "Miaphysites" instead of "Monophysites". The Oriental Orthodox churches reject the monophysite label anyway but they seem to accept Miaphysite. "Miaphysite" is an indication that Cyril of Alexandria wasn't crudely talking about "one nature" in Christ; he would have said that Christ's nature might be single but that it was also composite.
To sum it up, "Dyophysite" or Dyophysitism is a specific technical jargon term used exclusively for the Nestorian *Churches of the East* such as the *Apostolic Assyrian Church of the East* . Not to be mixed with Chalcedonian churches and obviosuly not with their theological opposites, the Miaphysite Oriental Orthodox.
These distinctions are important because we're getting a more accurate, neutral historical picture this way.
@@maxion5109 I have seen the term "Dyophysitism" be used in contradistinction to Monophysitism, to be used in reference to Chalcedonian Christology. Using the term exclusively to refer to Nestorians is implying Chaldedonian Christians are actually some variant of monophysites, and the Nestorians are the only Christians who believe in the "real" two natures.
They weren't tolerant, they were apathetic. Your religion doesn't matter until it becomes relevant to the Khan or other rulers, at which point the religion may gain favour or suffer.
Can you make a video that talks about the worst defeats of the mongols?
Tengri Biz Menen 🐺
What
me as mongolian: ah shit, here we go again
@@Orgil. real Mongolian?
@@Orgil. here we go again?
@@cengizsogutluturks are not mongol
can you do a video about the christianity of the asian steppes? I read they had some unique religious beliefs and practices.
Mongols were mighty in warfare, but not so in administration! So, they needed scholars and professionals coming from other established empires of different religious backgrounds!
There is a certain administrative might in selecting the right candidate for the job. Many absolutist rulers have done a much worse job trying to handle it themselves.
@@Makofueled Agree....
Talk about the Vikings and the Muslims encounter.
Does anyone have legitimate examples of empires or cultures from the era that were any more "tolerant" than the Mongols? Seems any sense of religious tolerance from that era was more of a 'guise' for politically motivated purposes than anything else.
China was usually a religiously tolerant country when it was unified, there were persecutions on occasion of course but not nearly to the degree seen in Europe or west Asia
Muslim Spain and the Ottoman empire.
@@anaskpalmalaki8804 are you kidding me. The Ottoman Empire is notorious for considering its non-Muslim subjects as part of a lesser class.
P.S.: Until the late 19th century that is.
I like watching your videos very much, please have Turkish subtitle option
Awesome!
When the conquerors conquered the land, its culture will conquer them back. And the Mongols conquest of Iran and their conversion to Islam some generations later is one of the best examples of such a thing.
its Persia, 3000 years Barberian from north invade, get "civiilised", and their grandkid get conquired by another Barberian from north and cycle continue.
@@ericbatkhuu8696 well first wave are the people who created the culture although inspired very much by elamite and Semitic people but otherwise pretty much correct.
Were Mongols religiously tolerant ?
Yes , but as long as you followed them .
Very similar to the Muslims as long as you payed Jizya.
@@heliosdromus7231
(It's only mandatory if the person is financially able to afford it)
In exchange of the small money called jizya, non Muslim get to live as part of the Muslim society and they will have the same rights as Muslims and also be protected by the empire...
Muslims also have to pay zakat... those who don't are called rebels or traitors.
for any Muslim or non Muslim who doesn't pay what they owe, its as if they declared war on the Muslims, and thus must be fought against or punished.
Similar to how taxes are today, if you fail to pay taxes in the untied stated for example, you'll be ripped out from your property and end up serving time in jail (depending on the amount you owe)
@@ayhemshaban9745 In many instances in history, the Jizya tax was NOT a small amount--the amount depended on the ruler's whim. There were many mentions of non-muslims being forced to convert just so they would be able to have enough money to live comfortably by not paying the tax. If the Jizya amount was small, they would not have converted.
@@ElBandito
It’s religious extortion.
Is this video a re upload?
Thank you world history teacher I already know the answer to a video I'm going to watch anyways
can you do the next video about what happen to inca after the spanish colonized
It's not really tolerance, rather irrelevance and if anything is done to ensure no revolts
Crazy you had mongol generals fighting in China and on the border of Germany in one lifetime on horseback in the 13th century.
"Kings and General and Oversimplified History try his best to tell us history in an entertaining way"
Sun Tzu, Art of War
The Mongol barbarian hordes still slaughtered tens of millions of people, with some historians estimating that more people died during the Mongol invasions than in WWII. Moreover, the people that they killed, enslaved, and displaced were all of different religions, cultures, and backgrounds. So to say that they were “religiously tolerant”, is ironic, hypocritical, and down right ridiculous.
They where religiously tolerant in the sense that they killed *everyone* they came across,
not just the people they didn’t like
Mongols had a “submit or die” policy. You’d be tolerated if you submitted but killed if you resisted.