I met Dave at a miniature golf park in June. He shook my hand, allowed me to be a total douche, and is the best ever. The Foos aren't Nirvana, but Dave is a legend in my mind. Love him.
I think my favorite thing about Nirvana was how they took the drums, bass and guitar and ran right against the melodies of the vocals. I'd never heard anything like that before. Dave would play the drums right on time with Kurt's vocals.
still blows my mind how one song changed the whole mainstream and popular culture forever. i wasn’t alive in the 90s but i’m sure it must’ve been incredible. this is the music that will continue to live on.
@@Steger13 no he did not. He did not write songs by himself nor compose music. He didn't stand up for any values. Elvis was as pop and consumerism as today's singing-celebrities
I went to visit a friend at the University of Pittsburgh in the fall of 1991. I cannot begin to explain how many times I heard this song in 3 days on campus. It was blaring from every other dorm room, out house windows, at every bar, 6am, 2am, 1pm, in the dorm showers, everywhere.
I was there, and it was beautiful. Back when MTV and radio was all we had to discover new music. When this song came out, something in the air changed overnight. A whole generation found their voice. It was like a tidal wave that changed pop music in one fell swoop.
me still me Hey man were they really that big?? Like has there been any comparison to the success/fame of Nirvana since their untimely end? I don't know, I was like 2 years old at the time.
We should all get together and send Butch Vig a thankyou card, he helped bring out the tremendous talent of these three men in the same way George Martin did with the Beatles.
For some reason, in my head when he just plays the "A denial" part of the track, just his vocals, while showing him in the music video...I dunno it seems really sad...
Yeah Butch is a musical genius I also have a feeling he had his hand in writing teen Spirit or wrote the whole thing himself and just gave the credit to the band.
@@slowjamcdubnope. The Boombox rehersals are formatted exactly like the finished Devonshire mixes save for Vig's suggestion to chop the chorus and postchorus in half
It's true, Kurt and Nirvana got people through their teenage years and then Eddie and Pearl Jam took over to get them through their twenties and thirties. Long live Nirvana and Pearl Jam!!!!!
I never felt that way. Nirvana has gotten me through my entire life. I like them more now than I did as a teen. There is something about Cobains rage that just defies time. We all have that moments when we are pissed off and we want to hear from someone who is just as frustrated as me. Regardless of age.
Nah, been listening to Nirvana since I was 14 or so and I’m 38 now. Pearl Jam have never been on my wavelength - I enjoy one or two of their songs and that’s about it. Pearl Jam just don’t have quite the edge or urgency that Nirvana has. Not saying they suck or whatever, just not my kinda thing.
I love how Kurt looks like he is out of control at the end of "the denial the denial the denial....." and then he just snaps out of it. He does this also in "Heart Shaped Box" and some live performances. It looks like he is out of control, and when he snaps out of it he shows you he is in complete control and that makes it look even scarier.
Im a black guy who grew up in the 90's , i am a huge hip hop fan , i would never listen to music like this ...But there was something about this song that stood out , at first it was the guitar solo i liked , then later the whole song became more appealing to me as i heard it more and more , and even til this day it's my favorite Nirvana song it turned me on to other Nirvana songs and other bands., so yeah' this song is special there's just something about it.
Kurt was without a doubt the greatest singer ever in rock'n'roll.Kurt was in a class of his own,his lyrics were also amazing.I dont know how he came up with these fantastic songs.Some major stars could not write their way out of a wet paper bag,but for Kurt it just came naturally.God bless you Kurt.
I remember when this son was new. It shaped my entire generation. It was all about generation x. it captivated the entire youth . Only other artist ive seen do it was Eminems second album. sometimes an artist comes along an captures the world youths anger and frustration. and its amazing
I agree with ya buddy... Nirvana was more then just the music, just like eminem's the eminem show, it was exactly like nirvana's nevermind. It marks the time it is in and captures the youth's anger and frustration of that generation! So therefore if anyone says nirvana was overrated... well maybe the music is, but nirvana itself represents a certain time in history! and i think that's why alot of people are still into nirvana... i myself is a huge nirvana fan, but that's because of nirvana's actual music... i kind of missed the whole early 90's alternative rock boom because i was very young and my parents made me basicly live under a rock!
Nobody had a voice like Kurt. It's funny because I was in the group of friends that was into Dr. Dre and Snoop, and my other group of friends was into Nirvana, and as different as the music was. We all could appreciate each other's music. I love this record, and this wasn't their only great song. Just listened to it on streaming now, still holds up. It'll hold up forever. Gone too soon
I was 11 in '92 (holy shit I'm 31..huh..is that old? Still feel young..fuck it) anyway, it was just like all the media says (which is weird, they KINDA told the truth back then, about some things, at least). Nirvana was THE band that brought back real music, period. Kids my age went from there and would get into old punk, etc because we'd weird interviews and Kurt was saying, "Mainstream music sucks, I wouldn't listen to us if I were you." It was just so..NEW. music sucks now..I miss the 90's..
I really cannot stand this biographer. Ever since 1994 he has been the 'expert' on Kurt even though he never met the dude and yeah he has interviewed his family and friends extensively but he also bends their accounts in his books to make it more of a legendary story. What a way of life!
I had bleach on tape a year before Nevermind came out it was my favourite album. I had heard that the new album was comming out soon and pre-ordered it. When I got it i I was a little disapointed that is wasnt as good as bleach or rather unbleach like but liked it anyway. Two weeks later I realised that Nirvana would chang the world and my Nirvana had been taken away from me. RIP Kurt you were special.
Maybe also because it tool a lot out of him and his voice. He screams a lot in the song and it takes a toll on you and hurts. Maybe, but that's just me.
Thing about Kurt was, he just wanted to be himself - but never really knew who he was - that's something he was targeting, for all of us. Some feel the same way.
It's because a friend of his, who was a girl, incidentally told him that "he smelt like Teen Spirit"... and for some reason he thought of making a title out of that...
This songs meaning has only become more relevant over the years. With social media, people are more disconnected than ever, even though it supposedly "connects you."
the nice thing about this doc is you get to meet amy finnerty, the single most important influence on the success of teen spirit getting air time on mtv. and if there are still nirvana fans out there seeking closure, all the people who were closest to kurt are in this doc.
@AbgJubox sure! gonna add you as a friend (and anyone else interested) and let you know about any update. still, as i said, we filled our line up recently and with college and stuff it may take a while till we have something recorded but even me, i cant wait! ;)
You knock off Michael jackson from number 1, kill hair metal and sexism rock n roll, carry MTV to a new platform of youth viewers. Kurt is such a business man. He knew what his music could do with just one big shot. Teen spirit was his big shot and the rest is history.
@salomepereiras x) thks dude. im startin a band we just completed our line up a week ago weve this new great vocalist n lately ive been working hard on this project n i listen to a considerable variety of music but in matters of rock nirvana r defenitely my top! they influence me a lot, my band isnt that much grungy tho but we all come from different musical environments n the combinations pretty interestin. didnt want to sound concieved its just what came up to my mind when i read your comment
@salomepereiras x) thks dude. im startin a band we just completed our line up a week ago weve this new great vocalist n lately ive been working hard on this project n i listen to a considerable variety of music but in matters of rock nirvana r defenitely my top! they influence me a lot, my band isnt that much grungy tho but we all come from different musical environments n the combinations pretty interestin. didnt want to sound concieved its just what came up to my mind when i read your comment!
You got no idea! When this album first showed up I was 11 years old, it was one of those 'HOLY SHIT PLAY THAT AGAIN!' tapes. Except you couldn't, cause you had to wait for the fucker to rewind. BUT WORTH IT. lol! But no really, first time I heard the song it kind of nailed me to the back of the room. Nothing like it before.
@Awesomeman37 but he's changed in every way , i thought nirvana was for screw society and dont be a bore because life is short then cut forward 20 years and he's sat in a suit looking waaay older then he is .how can u go from a grunge band to a politcian ...its such a big leap .why dident he join foo fighters with dave ?!!
@BrookeGwynette I feel you & I completely agree. But I also understand why they upset. Kids today are being cheated with garbage like Bieber, Taylor Swift, Ke$ha & crap that's out there. What they really saying is "what the hell happened to great music like Nirvana & other amazing artists that came out of the nineties. I blame it on corporate record labels, terrible music producers, songwriters & MTV for killing great music like this. So they're asking what happened to great music like this.
@judyleasugar97 twenty years? Man, I disagree. Those people never make it through five years. Look at Backstreet Boys, which used to figure along Nirvana at the 90's MTV. The only thing one can remember from them are a stupid chorus line - that isn't attached to your brain 'coz it's actually good, by the way. Those guys got repackaged a number of times so the face of at least one of them could still make some money to some old geezer behind a desk somewhere in the US. That's not how music works.
I met Dave at a miniature golf park in June. He shook my hand, allowed me to be a total douche, and is the best ever. The Foos aren't Nirvana, but Dave is a legend in my mind. Love him.
sure
yeah dave was good in nirvana but even better and became himself in foo fighters. love both
The "Smells Like Teen Spirit" video played on Mtv Every 20 Minutes, does anyone remember that?
and i watched it everytime they played it. TV volume = MAX
There still hasn't been a song to match this one in 20 years
Alan Lloyd
escept lose yourself
COC R Anwzonkey
Smell like teens sprit was legendary
but lose yourself was big hit
Both are legendary
Alan Lloyd Basket case
to me this song too repetitive, almost boring...but it is a kind of manifesto of a generation
Alan Lloyd chop suey or toxicity man!!!
I think my favorite thing about Nirvana was how they took the drums, bass and guitar and ran right against the melodies of the vocals. I'd never heard anything like that before. Dave would play the drums right on time with Kurt's vocals.
still blows my mind how one song changed the whole mainstream and popular culture forever. i wasn’t alive in the 90s but i’m sure it must’ve been incredible. this is the music that will continue to live on.
Well Elvis did the same thing 10 time bigger.
@@Steger13 no he did not. He did not write songs by himself nor compose music. He didn't stand up for any values. Elvis was as pop and consumerism as today's singing-celebrities
I went to visit a friend at the University of Pittsburgh in the fall of 1991. I cannot begin to explain how many times I heard this song in 3 days on campus. It was blaring from every other dorm room, out house windows, at every bar, 6am, 2am, 1pm, in the dorm showers, everywhere.
I was there, and it was beautiful. Back when MTV and radio was all we had to discover new music. When this song came out, something in the air changed overnight. A whole generation found their voice. It was like a tidal wave that changed pop music in one fell swoop.
Interesting Ouroboros symbol there. With the eye to top it all off
The part with Butch singling out the mixes here is really fucking cool
vocals track alone is amazing and touching
Simone BlackCandy The guitar solo was amazing too
thumbs up if you were alive when this album came out!
Only 2 people were alive when this came out
hijacking smurf ?
hijacking smurf
yet, some how it sold so well ;)
me still me Hey man were they really that big?? Like has there been any comparison to the success/fame of Nirvana since their untimely end? I don't know, I was like 2 years old at the time.
me still me I was 12, voice of my generation
krist novoselic looks like he works for microsoft at 4:55
hahahah
LOL !!!
Wow.. He probably found himself in all that office scene.. He must show how serious and all grown up is now.. And that blouse.. He evolved man
Thomas Cordell lol
Or a High school math teacher
We should all get together and send Butch Vig a thankyou card, he helped bring out the tremendous talent of these three men in the same way George Martin did with the Beatles.
The Beatles suck.
One does not simply..say the beatles suck. Jk I respect your thoughts my favorite band is beatles.
legoyeah01 lol sorry. I just cannot stand them, or the hype related to them. Nor do I understand it. The music is much too happy and simple to me.
Horror Scourge Helter Skelter?
***** What the fuck does Charles Manson have to do with anything I stated? lol
I love how it sounds with and without music
Fucking genius
I second that statement
I third that statement .
I fourth!
I fifth... Albeit a little tardy #nirvanaforever
For some reason, in my head when he just plays the "A denial" part of the track, just his vocals, while showing him in the music video...I dunno it seems really sad...
i like rap and shit but i love listen to nirvana i wish more ppl from the rap game try get samples from nirvana songs liike jay z did in holy grail
stfu
jay z nearly fucked that song up for me by using part of it in holy grail so stfu
LMAO i love getting ya niggas mad bout rock LMAOOOOOOO
nirvana reminds me of the modern day young money cash money crew
ceesKe12 what
Don't compare eminem with kurt! Kurt is far better! Rock songs are better than rap songs!
I love how it starts with Butch Vig behind the console. People forget that he was the force that made Nevermind sound like a ton of fucking bricks.
Yeah Butch is a musical genius I also have a feeling he had his hand in writing teen Spirit or wrote the whole thing himself and just gave the credit to the band.
Also produced Foo Fighters’ Wasting Light
@@slowjamcdubnope. The Boombox rehersals are formatted exactly like the finished Devonshire mixes save for Vig's suggestion to chop the chorus and postchorus in half
It's true, Kurt and Nirvana got people through their teenage years and then Eddie and Pearl Jam took over to get them through their twenties and thirties. Long live Nirvana and Pearl Jam!!!!!
I never felt that way. Nirvana has gotten me through my entire life. I like them more now than I did as a teen. There is something about Cobains rage that just defies time. We all have that moments when we are pissed off and we want to hear from someone who is just as frustrated as me. Regardless of age.
Not accurate.
Nah, been listening to Nirvana since I was 14 or so and I’m 38 now. Pearl Jam have never been on my wavelength - I enjoy one or two of their songs and that’s about it. Pearl Jam just don’t have quite the edge or urgency that Nirvana has. Not saying they suck or whatever, just not my kinda thing.
that's a weird take. I listened to Pearl Jam for like 1 year after Nirvana
I love how Kurt looks like he is out of control at the end of "the denial the denial the denial....." and then he just snaps out of it. He does this also in "Heart Shaped Box" and some live performances. It looks like he is out of control, and when he snaps out of it he shows you he is in complete control and that makes it look even scarier.
Timothy Meiser I know exactly what you mean !! Those emotion filled crazy faces and just bam blank shits like woah
What about Lithium at the VMAs?
Noticed the similarities too.
Im a black guy who grew up in the 90's , i am a huge hip hop fan , i would never listen to music like this ...But there was something about this song that stood out , at first it was the guitar solo i liked , then later the whole song became more appealing to me as i heard it more and more , and even til this day it's my favorite Nirvana song it turned me on to other Nirvana songs and other bands., so yeah' this song is special there's just something about it.
Hey Kurt!
Dave Grohl hey dave
Dave Grohl asuh dave?
Hey Dave, marry me
Hey dave!
@@shanecrossley9079 lol
There's Charles cross talking about people he never knew again
elgin prewitt he chats more shit, than a farmer can spread
"A whole new generation to sell to..."
Kurt was without a doubt the greatest singer ever in rock'n'roll.Kurt was in a class of his own,his lyrics were also amazing.I dont know how he came up with these fantastic songs.Some major stars could not write their way out of a wet paper bag,but for Kurt it just came naturally.God bless you Kurt.
well smells like teen spirit is really a master piece and timeless and the most awesome thing is that they made such a simple song sound so awesome
kurt cobain is the real genius
I have a feeling Butch had his hand in writing this song.
kurt cobain changed my life and my whole vision not only of music but art in general.... He´ll always be missed.
Dave Grohls drums though
Best band since their time!!! Kurt, and Nirvana saved my life man..
just imagine all songs he could of made
Miss you Kurt
when he says this song is called smells like teen spirit someone shouts green day
Haha I thought for a second he yelled freebird haha
I remember when this son was new. It shaped my entire generation. It was all about generation x. it captivated the entire youth . Only other artist ive seen do it was Eminems second album.
sometimes an artist comes along an captures the world youths anger and frustration. and its amazing
I agree with ya buddy... Nirvana was more then just the music, just like eminem's the eminem show, it was exactly like nirvana's nevermind. It marks the time it is in and captures the youth's anger and frustration of that generation! So therefore if anyone says nirvana was overrated... well maybe the music is, but nirvana itself represents a certain time in history! and i think that's why alot of people are still into nirvana... i myself is a huge nirvana fan, but that's because of nirvana's actual music... i kind of missed the whole early 90's alternative rock boom because i was very young and my parents made me basicly live under a rock!
Kenneth Moreira
90s and 20s was all about eminem and nirvanna
Eminem has always reminded me of Kurt Cobain and I could never figure out why I was connecting the two. This just made me realize I think this is why.
Imagine listening to Teen Spirit for the first time live. I would've went ape shit.
he has devil horns over his head at 3:16
Nobody had a voice like Kurt. It's funny because I was in the group of friends that was into Dr. Dre and Snoop, and my other group of friends was into Nirvana, and as different as the music was. We all could appreciate each other's music. I love this record, and this wasn't their only great song. Just listened to it on streaming now, still holds up. It'll hold up forever. Gone too soon
I was 11 in '92 (holy shit I'm 31..huh..is that old? Still feel young..fuck it) anyway, it was just like all the media says (which is weird, they KINDA told the truth back then, about some things, at least). Nirvana was THE band that brought back real music, period. Kids my age went from there and would get into old punk, etc because we'd weird interviews and Kurt was saying, "Mainstream music sucks, I wouldn't listen to us if I were you." It was just so..NEW. music sucks now..I miss the 90's..
Happy 42nd!
Kurt had the best voice ever and could make any song sound like the best song you ever heard.
I like your name 😂
@@supernatural5354why
I really cannot stand this biographer. Ever since 1994 he has been the 'expert' on Kurt even though he never met the dude and yeah he has interviewed his family and friends extensively but he also bends their accounts in his books to make it more of a legendary story. What a way of life!
5 people heard this song in a mall, started moshing and fell off the balcony.
The band was in BEAST MODE 😱
I’m inspired by Nirvana in the future I’m gonna start a band and be just like them but I’m not gonna copy them I’m gonna do my original thing.
And what do you want us to do about it?
I would love to join
I had bleach on tape a year before Nevermind came out it was my favourite album. I had heard that the new album was comming out soon and pre-ordered it. When I got it i I was a little disapointed that is wasnt as good as bleach or rather unbleach like but liked it anyway. Two weeks later I realised that Nirvana would chang the world and my Nirvana had been taken away from me. RIP Kurt you were special.
One of the best songs ever. It's all there. Everything what music is about.
Who else thinks the Soundman looks like Jonathan Davis from Korn???
Adam Mayhew lol
That sound man is Butch vig my friend.
If you don't know who Butch is you don't deserve to listen to anything from the 90's
He does huh
I read on rolling stone that Kurt hated playing this song
He hated that a lot of people seen it as the only nirvana song that's why he didn't like to play it
A lot of musicians hate their most successful songs. Robert Plant hates Stairway to Heaven, for example
Richard Shepherd Warrant's lead singer basically killed himself for writing "Cherry Pie". He never let it go.
Maybe also because it tool a lot out of him and his voice. He screams a lot in the song and it takes a toll on you and hurts. Maybe, but that's just me.
Andy Gonzalez well a lot of songs took a lot out of him! I would say most of their songs he would have to scream in them.
That guitar solo.😍😍😍😍😍😍😍😍😍😍😍😍😍😍
+Arcangel De Metal jajaja. :3
I remember seeing this video comin out and thinking it looked like a bad dream out of nightmare on elm street. I fuckin love Nirvana
It's so beautiful it's disturbing. It freaking disturbs me.
That 'one person' is Butch Vig, he produced the whole record Nevermind :)
And Andy Wallace, who produced the final mix
nevermind
Dammit Kurt WHY? Why.......... :(
the greatest part of this is that you still can't tell exactly what kurt is singing even when he solos the vocals
I wish I could go back in time and chill with Kurt
He seems like such an amazing individual and it depresses me that I was born so late
I just wanna watch butch sit there showing all the songs like he did with teen spirit!
Thing about Kurt was, he just wanted to be himself - but never really knew who he was - that's something he was targeting, for all of us. Some feel the same way.
02:38 pure bliss...
Kurt was not losing his voice. He would have gotten vocal nodules on the first tour. He knew what he was doing, and felt guilty for "faking" it.
null null you don’t even know him
It's because a friend of his, who was a girl, incidentally told him that "he smelt like Teen Spirit"... and for some reason he thought of making a title out of that...
It was originally called "Anthem", but he had to change it cuz his gf at the time had a band that was writing a song with that title
@randomguy1774 The movie was called "Over the Edge" (1979).
First song that got me into Nirvana. Kurt is a genius.
This songs meaning has only become more relevant over the years. With social media, people are more disconnected than ever, even though it supposedly "connects you."
rock rock rock rock n roll high school
omg the first time they played teen spirit was the day i was born. How awesome :)
interesting how butch shows how it's broken down. awesome!
4:23 for some reason his voice nearly made me cry
to all of you who say that kurt was a bad guitar played, just listen to what Steve Diggle said....drop da mike
the nice thing about this doc is you get to meet amy finnerty, the single most important
influence on the success of teen spirit getting air time on mtv. and if there are still
nirvana fans out there seeking closure, all the people who were closest to kurt
are in this doc.
2:14-3:35 is why Butch Vig is a genius producer.
I feel every band is a planet, but nirvana is a universe
Yes, boy who is the moon?🤔
0:11 This guy has spent a lifetime talking out of his arse.
I love Nirvana
i wish i was there the day this song was first palyed live
20 plus years later and my heart still stops at the break 👌🏽 hangs there until the bass guitar and drums cut back in for the bridge
“A denial”
Sounds so awesome with no music.
Heavy words, Kurt. Thanks for actually being thought provoking with this novelty account.
i listen to this just to hear kurt screamin by himself...so powerful
That guy at 9:00 running away with the hi hat makes me laugh my ass off every time
Sorry its at 7:38
With that power voice,he probably will end up in few years and he did.
Smell like teen spirit ..
it gives me chills everytm i hear that fucking solo
The momentum of Dave’s drums.
SoundCity :D
i wish MTV would go back to music like this instead of pregnant teens and all that mess
Thank you!!!!!!
does anyone know that film Krist mentioned?
In essence you don't know what Nirvana was about...
1:10 FREEBIRD!!!!!
Kurt died the exact same day as my birthday April 5
We should trade you for him.
Yeah man, in the time when MTV was alive...
@AbgJubox sure! gonna add you as a friend (and anyone else interested) and let you know about any update. still, as i said, we filled our line up recently and with college and stuff it may take a while till we have something recorded but even me, i cant wait! ;)
You knock off Michael jackson from number 1, kill hair metal and sexism rock n roll, carry MTV to a new platform of youth viewers. Kurt is such a business man. He knew what his music could do with just one big shot. Teen spirit was his big shot and the rest is history.
Live nirvana sounds so awesome
@salomepereiras x) thks dude. im startin a band we just completed our line up a week ago weve this new great vocalist n lately ive been working hard on this project n i listen to a considerable variety of music but in matters of rock nirvana r defenitely my top! they influence me a lot, my band isnt that much grungy tho but we all come from different musical environments n the combinations pretty interestin. didnt want to sound concieved its just what came up to my mind when i read your comment
@salomepereiras x) thks dude. im startin a band we just completed our line up a week ago weve this new great vocalist n lately ive been working hard on this project n i listen to a considerable variety of music but in matters of rock nirvana r defenitely my top! they influence me a lot, my band isnt that much grungy tho but we all come from different musical environments n the combinations pretty interestin. didnt want to sound concieved its just what came up to my mind when i read your comment!
Krist "wow did we do that? How did we do that?" That's him just being honest and its hilarious. That would be such a cool feeling
I really can't believe that fresh shaved guy in the blue ironed shirt is the same guy from the biography i just read :p
15 minute ad? seriously..
Hole were better....
You got no idea! When this album first showed up I was 11 years old, it was one of those 'HOLY SHIT PLAY THAT AGAIN!' tapes. Except you couldn't, cause you had to wait for the fucker to rewind. BUT WORTH IT. lol! But no really, first time I heard the song it kind of nailed me to the back of the room. Nothing like it before.
@Awesomeman37 but he's changed in every way , i thought nirvana was for screw society and dont be a bore because life is short then cut forward 20 years and he's sat in a suit looking waaay older then he is .how can u go from a grunge band to a politcian ...its such a big leap .why dident he join foo fighters with dave ?!!
@BrookeGwynette I feel you & I completely agree. But I also understand why they upset. Kids today are being cheated with garbage like Bieber, Taylor Swift, Ke$ha & crap that's out there. What they really saying is "what the hell happened to great music like Nirvana & other amazing artists that came out of the nineties. I blame it on corporate record labels, terrible music producers, songwriters & MTV for killing great music like this. So they're asking what happened to great music like this.
@judyleasugar97 twenty years? Man, I disagree. Those people never make it through five years. Look at Backstreet Boys, which used to figure along Nirvana at the 90's MTV. The only thing one can remember from them are a stupid chorus line - that isn't attached to your brain 'coz it's actually good, by the way. Those guys got repackaged a number of times so the face of at least one of them could still make some money to some old geezer behind a desk somewhere in the US. That's not how music works.