Medicine's preferred test animal: Mice Biology's preferred test animal: Frogs Mathematics' preferred test animal: Rabbits Physics' preferred test animal: Cats I wonder what chemistry's preferred test animal is.
schrodingers cat was an idea used to disprove superposition. its not actual science. What he was saying was that a cat cannot be both alive and dead at the same time, so neither can a particle. He was wrong
schrodingers cat and the double slit experiment are like the most famous experiments in physics, they are like the first thing you hear when you start learning about quantum
@@zachatyshafer9836 yes dirac i know u calculate while einstein hunch got him the place quit yapping ur sea wiltcha?-gloomy kyouma at the sim attractor fieldian of kotoamatsukami worldline when all the dud is still at the urheimat literally alone in a not long ago broken apart island cipangu
If you can't write Schrödinger, because you have no ö-key and are not willing to copy-paste it from somewhere, which is completely understandable, then write Schroedinger, with an oe instead of an ö. It's still correct and easy to write.
Tragik Wouldn't you be here for the attention too then? Just wondering, is a person automatically seeking attention when they post a comment from a verified channel?
If I fall into a black hole, will my family receive money from the insurance company? Because the lawyers and everyone in the company will observe from the outside of the black hole, meaning they can always see my red shifted shape on the event horizon. Which means to them, the accident hasn’t happened and never will, because they will never see me fall into the black hole, but only me falling but slowing down and becoming redder constantly. But from my perspective I did, soooooo....
That is one quite interesting question actually, I've asked that myself a few times already, so I think, if you fall into a black hole (from your perspective), your family (or whoever else) could be thinking, that you are already dead, since now a days people know, that falling into a black hole isn't falling into a black hole from every perspective🤔
Supreme but you will not die untill te black hole dies, you will dall slower and slower but never actualy die because time runs so much faster for you than the outside world
Strap a slice of bread, preferably toast-shaped, with butter on the side facing up, on the cat's back and throw it somewhere. I'll let you figure out the rest.
You do the first one if you are that super weird episode of Garfield that has him growing into a fat devouring giant. You do the second if you are katamari
I would suggest to do the second. If you try the first, most of the new mass will be fat, which has a much lower density than other types of tissue such as muscle. In the first case, you will need more mass until your cat finally becomes a black hole.
TIL cats aren't as dense as rocks. I don't know if my observational data corroborates that though, at least not when they jump on my chest at 3 in the morning.
Winkberry 🤦🏽♂️ that is exactly the point of the assignment.they already gave you the answer for rock density. Now they challenge you to find out the answer but swapping (rock density >cat density). But since cats are composed of more than 1 element you’d have to separate every single element of a cat and then look up their density, then add that together and multiple🤷🏽♂️
@@nickchester8194 yeah its technically not true since the volume shrinks as the mass increases. the problem assuming a spherical object occupied the volume of the black hole with the density of a cat.
I live with two black cats. To one of them, I explained what a yoctometer is. To the other, I described the difference in density between cats and rock. Despite the small sample size, I'm confident that I measured a nearly identical effect for each. Both cats ignored me, one slightly more emphatically than the other but within the range of error. Cats don't care about black holes, Henry. Even black cats.
1:57 It's actually the other way around. In a supernova the mass of the star is so large that, lacking more radiation pressure of new fusion, it collapses into a black hole anyway. The supernova is a result of the rebound of neutrinos generated in the process racing through the material of the star still outside the Schwarzschild-radius.
This is one of the best simple physics videos I've seen in a while that actually shows some of the mathematics, and recognizes the man that gave it to us!!! Thanks so much for producing it!!!
Correction over why giant/massive stars make black holes, the super nova is not compressing the core, the gravity of the star and the fact it's no longer making energy to balance out that gravity squeezes the core to become a black hole. Plus there's more than enough mass in the cores of these very massive stars (>25Ms) that they can overcome both electron and neutron degeneracy, so in the end gravity just wins. Even if the star did not explode in a super nova the core would become a black hole.
Although, in the end only super big stars and very large combining stars supernova. And also the supernova does help creating the black hole, but you are right the star doesn't have to go supernova to create a black hole, if sufficiently massive
So what causes the explosion? I thought the supernova was the result of the non-core mass rebounding off of an ultra-dense core. It follows that the core cannot be a black hole until after the supernova, otherwise the surrounding mass would just fall into the black hole resulting in no supernova. Isn't that right?
Remember the black hole within the core is incredibly, incredibly small compared to the size of the rest of the star. Some of the matter will fall into the hole but a huge amount of matter will miss the hole and ricochet and rebound off everything else near it. Think of it like having a bathtub with a tiny, straw-sized drain and shooting a firehose at the drain. Yes, all the water that directly hits the drain will be gone forever down the drain, but a huge amount of water will miss the drain and bounce back off the tub and water near the drain.
Yes, you are right, super massive stars become black hole because all the fusion reactions in the star have stop and can't no longer push against the star massive gravity so it can't prevent the star from collapse on it self and become a black hole.
@QED not sure what the latest research says, but I seem to recall it was not well understood. What I got from it "back in the day" was the collapsing layers initiated a massive fusion event since the compression causes temperatures to spike to hotter than the core originally was, this creates all sort of weird things (particle pair creation, rapid fusion, etc) and this sudden burst of energy is what "rebounds" the layers outward. Very similar to white dwarf SN1a creation, where carbon fusion just runs wild once they pass the Chandrasekhar limit and kaboom.
“I challenge you to figure it out using the equations and leave it in the comments” Considering that I understood about 1/10 of the video, I would say my answer would be 5
According to my calculations, assuming an average cat density of around 850 kg*m^-3, I obtained a radius close to 4,34*10^8 km, which is almost 2.9 AU. I'm pretty sure of my result but I think that some peer review would be very helpful. If you are interested, I did it by finding the radius from the sphere formula and putting it into the Schwartzchild radius formula. I than isolated the mass and guessed the cat's density in order to calculate it. In the end, I put the newly found mass in the sphere formula in order to get the final radius.
Schwarzschild* It's literally spelled out in the video as well as its description. Just replicate letter by letter. How fucking dense must one be to still get it wrong??
I obtained a significantly lesser answer (1.36au) since I used 380 kg/m^3 as a cat’s density (8.9 pounds as the mass and 648 in^3 as the volume). I’m not completely sure of my answer though.
"Today we have little Timmy who force-fed his cat until it reached 300lbs. Now little Timmy, why did you feed him this much?" "We ran out of food" "Okay, but why were you feeding him?" "I was told if I gave my cat enough mass, it can become a black hole"
approximately 1 kg/liter, like water Main variability: the amount of air in the lungs, which adds to the volume but almost nothing to the mass. Are you squeezing all the air out of your cats? Other important factor: fat percentage. Is your cat fat? Then it is more buoyant :-)
Submerging your cat in water is an - admittedly dangerous - way to measure the volume of your cat, which you can combine with its weight to obtain its density :-)
Fk Kwan weight your cat , submerge it in a tub full of water, measure the volume water displaced, calculate density by formula mass/volume .Thats it. And also hope that the cat survives
Ahmed Rayyan That is the mass and density needed to create the collapsing forces to create a black hole. Use constants like the speed of light and gravity to calculate....its complicated.
But according to the only video on your channel, 2 years before you posted this you were in a science class playing with water and dye, in the case that you were at the end of your college semester i dont think that is something college students would do, plus you didnt sound that old at all
Yes, albeit technically crunching in the numbers, they are off by a factor of about 10, which isn't really that much to be honest... It has to be that way, considering the universe is bigger than the observable universe, and it continues to be more or less the same as what we can observe (which all evidence seems to support). There must be some point, at which any given density is considered to a black hole from an outside observer...
Mind blown... didn't know that. It would be interesting if our observable universe acting as a black hole could attract other galaxies or stuffs towards us ... aliens maybe (LOL) ?
@@adrianflemmen7305 Btw I wonder if the expanding (observable) universe could be explained by gravitational force of things outside the range we can observe :/ (though I don't think it would hold true, since the gravitational force might be too weak to attract our universe away from us)
No. The cat is both dead and alive in the famous thought experiment because there's a 50% success rate killing machine in there. If you make a 50% success rate black hole machine, why the box?
Some time ago I've realized that densiti can be directly related to a specific Schwarschild Radius and calculated for some materials. Interesting or not, a black hole can have a gravitational surface acceleration enven smaller than the Earth, too
That video was toxic as hell. heres a copy of my comment from it. "after careful analysis the statistics tell us we're biased and even hint at where those biases are or aren't coming into play know the paradox is that we've remained so reluctant to fight our biases even when they're put in plain sight." So after explaining how there can seem to be bias but in fact be down to personal choice of the individual (what college course they chose) your conclusion is "we've remained so reluctant to fight our biases even when they're put in plain sight."
Autism Is Unstoppable yea, I too was confused by his conclusion considering what the Simpson paradox is. He was all like statistics don't mean shit. bois just didn't want to do the same types of jobs as girls, and then instead of saying that because of this we should be careful of bias, he says collages CAN exploit this paradox so we are now ignoring bias and this is bad news for equal rights.
This video misses the third way a black hole can be made not only by mass density but out of pure energy. Its called a kugalblitz and it happens when you pack enough energy into a space that it the energy mass equivalence passes the Swartzschild radius. It takes a lot of energy though.
Also there's another way. Primordial black holes are natural deformations created during the birth of the universe, and they began with no associated mass.
Kudos to you for being the first English speaker I have heard to pronounce 'Schwarzschild' almost correctly. Virtually everyone pronounces it as Schwarzs-child and not Schwarz-schild. The difference in English is enormous
hey, i got a question : what would happen if you were to put a planet on another (like litteraly the planet's ground touching the earth's)? But not by dropping it, just by putting it gently so there's no collision damage.
i guess, but i'd be interested in having a precise explanation, of how the first seconds / minutes / days would go... can the two planets can stay on top of another for a given period, etc...
If you put another planet "gently" onto earth with no velocity with respect to earth alot will happen. Most notably since the earth has an equatorial speed of 465.1 m/s you would expect a massive collision as soon as the planets touch, followed by 1000+ meteroids being swung onto the surfaces of the planets, followed by massive destruction within the first few days. Extinction for sure
yep i guess x) but i mean if you find a way to put it gently like litteraly 0 issues until the other planet has "landed" Exctinction is for sure, but i'm still curious about the details :P If we were to not go extinct at the few first seconds, how would we feel gravity? if you were at the place where the other planet has landed, could you climb on the other one? How would the oceans, the clouds and all that stuff behave? Please upvote if you're also curious :D
well it depends on the mass of the second planet in relation to earth (obviously). if they were the same mass the new center of gravity would at the touching point of the planets which means that at that exact point you would not feel any gravity at all (expect the sun and so on but not from the two planets) meanwhile on the other side of the earth the gravitational pull would all of a sudden double making everything twice "as heavy". Of course such a situation would not be stable at all since the matter of the planets would now be pulled towards the new center of gravity and not to the center of the planets anymore probably breaking the earths crust and resulting in huge waves towards that point. after long enough the planets would merge to one big one id image
This video is gonna cause a huge spike in Google searches for “density of a cat” BTW, the answer is √(3c²/8πGρ), or ~389 million km (2.6x the distance from the Earth to the Sun)
I know I'm a nerd, but you'll thank me later. To find the radius of material where it correlates to the event horizon, I derived this cute little equation. z = ~6.2087*10^-27 p = density R = Square root of (1/pz) Derivation if anyone's interested: Swarschild radius = 2GM/c^2 R = radius M = p×4/3×r^3×pi New Swarschild equation = (8Gp×pi×r^3)/3c^2 C, G and pi are constants, so the equation simplifies to (6.2087×10^-27)pr^3 If Swarschild radius and radius is the same, then Z = 6.2087×10^-27 R = Zpr^3 1 = Zpr^2 1/Zp = r^2 R = Square root of 1/Zp Thanks for reading this
WarioGiant But there’s no t in it and do you hear others pronounce the ch or not. Coming from someone with the last name Schwartz. (Pronounced: sh-warts)
It's pronounced ʃvaʁʦʃɪlt or Shhh-Farts-Shield. Picture farts that are made at the Schwarzschild radius, being inaudible on the account of being sucked right into the black hole immediately.
@@gunyukwunny The so called _"smart"_ discord people kept on insisting "nah, you just need one because any amount of mass can become a black hole", like oy! Smartass! I meant by itself, just left to its own devices, how many fokn fesh would it take to make a black hole! Then I was mocked :3
Density of organic body (used human, for simplicity): 1062 kg/m3 Setting r = rs, we get a required mass of 260683794751969427943582913324619137024 kg for that density Plugging back into the cubic root radius equation, we'd need to stack cats to a radius of 3.8841885 × 10^11 meters Which is more than twice an astronomical radius (distance from earth to the sun), 1.496e+11 meters (calculation can be improved by measuring cat density by dunking cats in water and measuring volume displacement)
Hey minutephysics! After 1 hour of calculations I have got to the value of r= 2.74 x 10^15 m. I'm pretty sure my answer is completely wrong but because I've spent too much time on this one I just want to check. If that's not the answer please someone tell me what I am doing wrong. Have a nice day guys! Love your channel :D
Parpaing I first got the mass equation and substituted the r^3 to rs^3 (because in the video there was a hint saying that r=rs) and then after a lot of huge numbers I found this mass that I said. Then I used the rs equation with the mass I've found and got that radius. But you're probably right since another guy got that radius too. Can you tell me what you did? Thanks!
"Cats aren't as dense as rocks" If I am ever, ever, asked for a quote, a comment, my thoughts on absolutely anything ever.... I have found my response.
Lets just colide a lot of cats with anti-matter cats The energy(radiation or light) can form Kugelblitz That's a way more easy way to make a black hole.
I really like the little challenge at the end of the video involving doing the math. It's a great little bonus with the video, and I'd honestly be totally ok with seeing more of that.
Around is the best you can do, because black holes themselves have no hair, according to a very famous statement by Wheeler: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No-hair_theorem
When I plug in 6 * the mass of the sun (6 * 1.989e30 kg) and density of a neutron star (1e17 kg/m^3), I get 30.542 km for the radius not 20. Using 3M I get 24.241 km... Am I not doing the formula with density right?
Thank you. I have been looking for a tutorial to hide my cat from my boyfriend for so long. Now I can finally compress it to microscopic size. That hydrolic press will finally become handy after all!
I think this would have been a good video to mention the fact that black holes under a certain mass cannot sustain the density required to “stay” a black hole for a significant amount of time. Basically, compressing any old mass down to a tiny volume won’t actually work, because the forces inside the tiny black hole pushing out will exceed the force pushing the matter together.
Thanks for your Input !!! This guy Karl Swartzschild had it all figured out LONG before all this stuff Today about 'Event Horizen' Give the guy his Credid Due and sfarf calling it 'SWARTZSCHILD PERIMITER '
So, in the video, you mentioned that the supernova compresses the core of the star to create a black hole, when in reality it's the other way around. In your video on how black holes are incredibly efficient generators, you had it correct. When a star goes supernova, the force of gravity compresses the core beyond the strength of nuclear forces causing all the fermions to stop pushing outwards and collapse into a superdense object. This collapse releases so much gravitational potential energy that it heats up this material, and releases an insane amount of energy literally blowing the everything outside the collapsing region into space. The correct statement would be that the gravitational forces and pressure inside a star cause a black hole to form releasing enough energy to make the star go supernova. That said, I loved this video, and I appreciate what you do. I dream of someday making video games with accurate physics to help teach kids about physics. Most video games have physics that's grossly inaccurate causing many in the rising generation to believe physics works differently than it does, and what you're doing is helping correct some of these misunderstandings and falsehoods, so I really appreciate the videos on your youtube channel.
They are part of a strictly static solution of the Einstein equation. Usually we consider only black holes that have come into being, by means of the processes discussed in the video. Then there is no white hole involved. However, it is conceivable that there are 'primordial' or 'eternal' black holes, which originate with the universe itself at the Big Bang. Then a white hole is conceivable. No such hole has been confirmed. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_hole
Yamnasm - that is a bs reason. All comment sections on youtube are "toxic". Just look at a simple top 10 lost. He obviously just did not like disagreement with hiseminist ideas that will always say women are put down even when favored. You say it does not matter who is right or wrong but of everyone agreed with him they would not be disabled.
0:39 hello from 31st May 2019. It appears that it actually have happened in recent hundreds millions years.I mean we have recently learned it probably happened thanks to gravitational waves. That slow data transfer...speed of light is not fast enough. Though in the universe where lightspeed would be higher the black holes would be much smaller so probably more dangerous.
If cats are stacked over each other, they reach a radius of 4.03 x 10^11 m... About 2.7 times the distance btwn earth and sun assuming cats density same as water (cat like a bag of water) If a single cat of 3 kilos was compressed to a blackhole, its radius should be 4.4 x 10^-27 m Superb video by minute physics!
To be fair, you mispronounce most English names as well. But is it really important how someone pronounces something, as long as you understood what they meant? Just let it go, don't be triggered, being triggered ain't relaxed.
I bet I do many pronunciation mistakes in English as well. I think it is important to pronounce things right or at least try to ( what MinutePhysics did hopefully). You can not expect from someone to speak perfectly your mother tongue if he is no native speaker as well. But in this case, I know what he meant, because it said so in the title. If I was not familiar with the topic MinutePhysics talks about, I would not be able to identify the name Schwarzschild as Schwarzschild due to remarkably huge pronunciation errors.
![ค้าง (STILL) - GEMINI [ OFFICIAL MV ]](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/Ftxx3hk5vkU/mqdefault.jpg)
A cat has a density of just less than 1g/cm^2 no math needed I just put a cat in a tub of water. I am regretting that decision though.
Hahaha
Oh hey youre here
@@x_x5009 nooooo :(
the cat will literally kill you
hmm
I like how cats are an official unit of measurement on the internet.
Cats are the official unit of all Internet measurements. It is known.
Nigel Thornberry it is known.
Nigel Thornberry haha yeah
Toyota corollas are too
I thought is was bananas
Medicine's preferred test animal: Mice
Biology's preferred test animal: Frogs
Mathematics' preferred test animal: Rabbits
Physics' preferred test animal: Cats
I wonder what chemistry's preferred test animal is.
Undergrads.
Spherical cows.
Moles
Humans
Definitely moles
In reading the comments I'm so happy to see how many know about Schrodinger's Cat, the double-slit experiment, and String Theory!!
schrodingers cat was an idea used to disprove superposition. its not actual science. What he was saying was that a cat cannot be both alive and dead at the same time, so neither can a particle. He was wrong
Hi grandma Shirley!!!
schrodingers cat and the double slit experiment are like the most famous experiments in physics, they are like the first thing you hear when you start learning about quantum
@@zachatyshafer9836 yes dirac i know u calculate while einstein hunch got him the place quit yapping ur sea wiltcha?-gloomy kyouma at the sim attractor fieldian of kotoamatsukami worldline when all the dud is still at the urheimat literally alone in a not long ago broken apart island cipangu
If you can't write Schrödinger, because you have no ö-key and are not willing to copy-paste it from somewhere, which is completely understandable, then write Schroedinger, with an oe instead of an ö. It's still correct and easy to write.
I'm just here for the confusion.
PictureFit love your videos man
You're just here for attention.*
Tragik, It depends.
it depends
Tragik Wouldn't you be here for the attention too then? Just wondering, is a person automatically seeking attention when they post a comment from a verified channel?
If I fall into a black hole, will my family receive money from the insurance company?
Because the lawyers and everyone in the company will observe from the outside of the black hole, meaning they can always see my red shifted shape on the event horizon. Which means to them, the accident hasn’t happened and never will, because they will never see me fall into the black hole, but only me falling but slowing down and becoming redder constantly. But from my perspective I did, soooooo....
theoretically they'd know you're beyond any saving and most likely dead. your family will receive the cash dont worry ;)
stop.
That is one quite interesting question actually, I've asked that myself a few times already, so I think, if you fall into a black hole (from your perspective), your family (or whoever else) could be thinking, that you are already dead, since now a days people know, that falling into a black hole isn't falling into a black hole from every perspective🤔
Supreme but you will not die untill te black hole dies, you will dall slower and slower but never actualy die because time runs so much faster for you than the outside world
Dorssen Derhaeg You might starve after some time
Internet police will scratch their heads when they see the thousands of searches on cat density and nuclear physics...
what is the density pls???
@M.A. R he asked what's the density of the cat.
@@ronraisch510 Well, a cat floats in water, but only just barely. So its density is roughly that of water, 1 metric ton per cubic meter.
I like how you called them "Internet police".
welcome to nerds organization
... "How to turn your cat into a black hole." ... Awesome, man.
Strap a slice of bread, preferably toast-shaped, with butter on the side facing up, on the cat's back and throw it somewhere. I'll let you figure out the rest.
Space Racer you monster
Simple. Just squeeze real hard
Schrödinger's Cat: "Not me again!"
"Ferb, I know what we are gonna do today!"
*deletes the universe*
"Hey, where's Perry?"
That made my day! xD
Giovanni Morsa Dooby dooby doo BAH dooby dooby doo, BAH
Let's make a black hole
4:10
Google is going to wonder why so many people are looking the the density of a cat
I saw the two "the" yes it takes about a year for someone to notice
@@soratachibana3572 lol
So do I feed the cat until it becomes big enough to collapse into a black hole or do I start rolling up enough cats in a ball? Please clarify!
Why would you do that?? Post a fake link
You do the first one if you are that super weird episode of Garfield that has him growing into a fat devouring giant.
You do the second if you are katamari
Why use cat why not do you
I would suggest to do the second. If you try the first, most of the new mass will be fat, which has a much lower density than other types of tissue such as muscle. In the first case, you will need more mass until your cat finally becomes a black hole.
Depends on the density of the food your feeding to him I guess
TIL cats aren't as dense as rocks. I don't know if my observational data corroborates that though, at least not when they jump on my chest at 3 in the morning.
Winkberry 🤦🏽♂️ that is exactly the point of the assignment.they already gave you the answer for rock density. Now they challenge you to find out the answer but swapping
(rock density >cat density). But since cats are composed of more than 1 element you’d have to separate every single element of a cat and then look up their density, then add that together and multiple🤷🏽♂️
Ray Dominguez I don't see how that will stop them from waking me up. In fact, taking them apart would probably make me unable to sleep for a month!
🤦🏽♂️
🤦🏽♂️
🤦🏽♂️
Lots of theoretical cats are getting theoretically harmed in theoretical physics.
Let's assume that cats' density is exactly 1 g/cm3, the mass of the black hole will be 136,000,000 sun masses with a radius of 401,200,000 km.
Nearly same result
Same
i got 490 000 000
would there not also be a proportional increase in density as you add cats?
@@nickchester8194 yeah its technically not true since the volume shrinks as the mass increases.
the problem assuming a spherical object occupied the volume of the black hole with the density of a cat.
"Cats, The Sun and Earth aren't black joles... *yet* "
Ok, Henry, calm down
2020, please DO NOT DO THIS
@@gabrielboffdeon1694 2020 didn't...
But 2021 will!
@Himanshu Raj, 2022 didn’t but 2023 will!
@@keithtorgersen96642023 didn’t but 2024 will!
Tough luck if your name is the Schwarzschild Cat.
Assume a spherical cat of uniform density...
Sounds like a problem from my EMAG class...
...while ignoring the effects of gravity...
Lol
...and ignore effects of friction
that's my cat,spherical in shape with the density of a neutron star
ha...ha...ha virgin jokes
I live with two black cats. To one of them, I explained what a yoctometer is. To the other, I described the difference in density between cats and rock. Despite the small sample size, I'm confident that I measured a nearly identical effect for each. Both cats ignored me, one slightly more emphatically than the other but within the range of error. Cats don't care about black holes, Henry. Even black cats.
Schwarzschild is now my favorite word. I will try to sneak it into sentences.
SchwarzSchild*
This pizza is Schwarzschild
Dr.StickFigure you just sad black child lol
Dr.StickFigure by sneezing I suppose
Jan Edzard now I like it even more
1:57 It's actually the other way around. In a supernova the mass of the star is so large that, lacking more radiation pressure of new fusion, it collapses into a black hole anyway. The supernova is a result of the rebound of neutrinos generated in the process racing through the material of the star still outside the Schwarzschild-radius.
4:10 - I challenge you....
Me - challenge declined
This is one of the best simple physics videos I've seen in a while that actually shows some of the mathematics, and recognizes the man that gave it to us!!! Thanks so much for producing it!!!
First, assume a spherical cat.
My cat is pretty much spherical.
flammablewater I'm so glad this comment exists.
cylindrical would be a way better approximation tho.
First, let cat be in a spherical bowl. It's possible, because cat is liquid.
Rather than assuming lets feed the cats too much that they come close to a sphere 😂
Correction over why giant/massive stars make black holes, the super nova is not compressing the core, the gravity of the star and the fact it's no longer making energy to balance out that gravity squeezes the core to become a black hole. Plus there's more than enough mass in the cores of these very massive stars (>25Ms) that they can overcome both electron and neutron degeneracy, so in the end gravity just wins. Even if the star did not explode in a super nova the core would become a black hole.
Although, in the end only super big stars and very large combining stars supernova.
And also the supernova does help creating the black hole, but you are right the star doesn't have to go supernova to create a black hole, if sufficiently massive
So what causes the explosion? I thought the supernova was the result of the non-core mass rebounding off of an ultra-dense core. It follows that the core cannot be a black hole until after the supernova, otherwise the surrounding mass would just fall into the black hole resulting in no supernova. Isn't that right?
Remember the black hole within the core is incredibly, incredibly small compared to the size of the rest of the star. Some of the matter will fall into the hole but a huge amount of matter will miss the hole and ricochet and rebound off everything else near it. Think of it like having a bathtub with a tiny, straw-sized drain and shooting a firehose at the drain. Yes, all the water that directly hits the drain will be gone forever down the drain, but a huge amount of water will miss the drain and bounce back off the tub and water near the drain.
Yes, you are right, super massive stars become black hole because all the fusion reactions in the star have stop and can't no longer push against the star massive gravity so it can't prevent the star from collapse on it self and become a black hole.
@QED not sure what the latest research says, but I seem to recall it was not well understood. What I got from it "back in the day" was the collapsing layers initiated a massive fusion event since the compression causes temperatures to spike to hotter than the core originally was, this creates all sort of weird things (particle pair creation, rapid fusion, etc) and this sudden burst of energy is what "rebounds" the layers outward. Very similar to white dwarf SN1a creation, where carbon fusion just runs wild once they pass the Chandrasekhar limit and kaboom.
“I challenge you to figure it out using the equations and leave it in the comments”
Considering that I understood about 1/10 of the video, I would say my answer would be 5
"Cats aren't as dense as rocks." Worth the whole video for that line.
When my cat is asleep on my lap, he becomes much more dense than rock.
try throwing a rock with an equal volume to your cat and compare the results
It’s a joke mate
According to my calculations, assuming an average cat density of around 850 kg*m^-3, I obtained a radius close to 4,34*10^8 km, which is almost 2.9 AU.
I'm pretty sure of my result but I think that some peer review would be very helpful.
If you are interested, I did it by finding the radius from the sphere formula and putting it into the Schwartzchild radius formula.
I than isolated the mass and guessed the cat's density in order to calculate it.
In the end, I put the newly found mass in the sphere formula in order to get the final radius.
Mr.Carlozan can you help me find it please, firstly you used the M=density x 4/3π x r³ to get the radius of what? And which Mass you put in the M?
Schwarzschild* It's literally spelled out in the video as well as its description. Just replicate letter by letter. How fucking dense must one be to still get it wrong??
I think you estimated a cat´s densitiy a little to high
Nice!
I obtained a significantly lesser answer (1.36au) since I used 380 kg/m^3 as a cat’s density (8.9 pounds as the mass and 648 in^3 as the volume). I’m not completely sure of my answer though.
I am from Germany and it is funny how you say "Schwarzschild" 😁
XD Shworzschild
Es hört sich an wie "Shortschild"
Hey, at least they didn't pronounce it as "Shwarts-child", like most do.
AbXorb ahahahaha
black shield, he said that at 1:18
"Today we have little Timmy who force-fed his cat until it reached 300lbs. Now little Timmy, why did you feed him this much?"
"We ran out of food"
"Okay, but why were you feeding him?"
"I was told if I gave my cat enough mass, it can become a black hole"
Unclear instruction, my cat turned into a neutron star
Please see "A Mole of Moles" article by Randall Munroe for help getting started on your own cat black hole!
That's a meat moon of moles. Gross.
I was thinking about that!
Here's the link, for anyone looking for it:
what-if.xkcd.com/4/
What is the average density of a cat?
approximately 1 kg/liter, like water
Main variability: the amount of air in the lungs, which adds to the volume but almost nothing to the mass. Are you squeezing all the air out of your cats? Other important factor: fat percentage. Is your cat fat? Then it is more buoyant :-)
Buoyancy isn't of much significance here methinks 😐
Submerging your cat in water is an - admittedly dangerous - way to measure the volume of your cat, which you can combine with its weight to obtain its density :-)
materiasacra water displacement eh?
Fk Kwan weight your cat , submerge it in a tub full of water, measure the volume water displaced, calculate density by formula mass/volume .Thats it.
And also hope that the cat survives
Ok I actually have a degree in astronomy and I calculated the answer: a lot.
That's within factor of 2 or 3 from the right answer. Accepted!
Jazzy Jay Please tell me how they got the 140 million km radius for the Earth’s swarchzchild radius
Ahmed Rayyan That is the mass and density needed to create the collapsing forces to create a black hole. Use constants like the speed of light and gravity to calculate....its complicated.
But according to the only video on your channel, 2 years before you posted this you were in a science class playing with water and dye, in the case that you were at the end of your college semester i dont think that is something college students would do, plus you didnt sound that old at all
Thanks, I really needed that
You didn't mention the fact that the observable universe seems to be inside it's own Schwarzchild radius.
Btw, black holes don't need to be dense, a lot of massive black holes are not so dense.
Yes, albeit technically crunching in the numbers, they are off by a factor of about 10, which isn't really that much to be honest... It has to be that way, considering the universe is bigger than the observable universe, and it continues to be more or less the same as what we can observe (which all evidence seems to support). There must be some point, at which any given density is considered to a black hole from an outside observer...
If IT wasnt for the universe expanding the universe would have been a black hole
Mind blown... didn't know that. It would be interesting if our observable universe acting as a black hole could attract other galaxies or stuffs towards us ... aliens maybe (LOL) ?
@@adrianflemmen7305 Btw I wonder if the expanding (observable) universe could be explained by gravitational force of things outside the range we can observe :/ (though I don't think it would hold true, since the gravitational force might be too weak to attract our universe away from us)
I don’t know why I’m so addicted to this channel when I have no clue what any of this means
Schwarzschild has to be the most "OC" name ever
*schild
Original Character?
Of Course?
It's a scam, It doesn't work
OC? Original Character? Orange County? What do you mean by "OC"?
Why make blacks holes out of cats when u can just put a cat in a box and predict it is alive and a blackhole at the same time
No. The cat is both dead and alive in the famous thought experiment because there's a 50% success rate killing machine in there. If you make a 50% success rate black hole machine, why the box?
Schwarzchild's Cat
I like the way you think.
no
more accurately, there is actually a 50% chance the cat did/didn't compress down to the size to become a black hole..
4:11 Its okay, I take your word for it lol
Some time ago I've realized that densiti can be directly related to a specific Schwarschild Radius and calculated for some materials.
Interesting or not, a black hole can have a gravitational surface acceleration enven smaller than the Earth, too
Finally a video where I can comment on
I missed minute physics comment section
The last one was toxic as hell, wasn't really worth looking at.
That video was toxic as hell. heres a copy of my comment from it. "after careful analysis the statistics tell us we're biased and even hint at where those biases are or aren't coming into play know the paradox is that we've remained so reluctant to fight our biases even when they're put in plain sight." So after explaining how there can seem to be bias but in fact be down to personal choice of the individual (what college course they chose) your conclusion is "we've remained so reluctant to fight our biases even when they're put in plain sight."
Autism Is Unstoppable yea, I too was confused by his conclusion considering what the Simpson paradox is. He was all like statistics don't mean shit. bois just didn't want to do the same types of jobs as girls, and then instead of saying that because of this we should be careful of bias, he says collages CAN exploit this paradox so we are now ignoring bias and this is bad news for equal rights.
that is a lot of cats
A cat lovers dream and nightmare. Trillions of cats to cuddle but trillions also burnt by the heat of the sun or killed by the vaccum of space...
Oooooooorrrrrrrr just one genetically modifide large big cat
Don’t care much. I like mice and gerbils.
Kitties are TENDERS!
Have to agree😂
This video misses the third way a black hole can be made not only by mass density but out of pure energy. Its called a kugalblitz and it happens when you pack enough energy into a space that it the energy mass equivalence passes the Swartzschild radius. It takes a lot of energy though.
mass and energy are equivalent in general relativity - they are pretty much the same thing, just expressed using different units...
Also there's another way. Primordial black holes are natural deformations created during the birth of the universe, and they began with no associated mass.
yeah, not in our lifetimes..or probably even the next 30 generations lifetimes
Dude, that is still density.
+1 sin for being stupid *ding!*
Kugelblitz*
Schwarzschild*
Instructions unclear, my cat has collapsed in to a black hole!
My cat coughed up one!
Kudos to you for being the first English speaker I have heard to pronounce 'Schwarzschild' almost correctly. Virtually everyone pronounces it as Schwarzs-child and not Schwarz-schild. The difference in English is enormous
3:51 Pretty cruel way to compress your cat
Squish that cat!
Just make a cardboard box one trillionth the size of a nucleus and the cat will compress itself.
hey, i got a question : what would happen if you were to put a planet on another (like litteraly the planet's ground touching the earth's)? But not by dropping it, just by putting it gently so there's no collision damage.
Grimner after millions of years they would become one giant melted planet with more vulcanic activity than hell
i guess, but i'd be interested in having a precise explanation, of how the first seconds / minutes / days would go... can the two planets can stay on top of another for a given period, etc...
If you put another planet "gently" onto earth with no velocity with respect to earth alot will happen. Most notably since the earth has an equatorial speed of 465.1 m/s you would expect a massive collision as soon as the planets touch, followed by 1000+ meteroids being swung onto the surfaces of the planets, followed by massive destruction within the first few days. Extinction for sure
yep i guess x) but i mean if you find a way to put it gently like litteraly 0 issues until the other planet has "landed"
Exctinction is for sure, but i'm still curious about the details :P If we were to not go extinct at the few first seconds, how would we feel gravity? if you were at the place where the other planet has landed, could you climb on the other one?
How would the oceans, the clouds and all that stuff behave?
Please upvote if you're also curious :D
well it depends on the mass of the second planet in relation to earth (obviously).
if they were the same mass the new center of gravity would at the touching point of the planets which means that at that exact point you would not feel any gravity at all (expect the sun and so on but not from the two planets) meanwhile on the other side of the earth the gravitational pull would all of a sudden double making everything twice "as heavy".
Of course such a situation would not be stable at all since the matter of the planets would now be pulled towards the new center of gravity and not to the center of the planets anymore probably breaking the earths crust and resulting in huge waves towards that point.
after long enough the planets would merge to one big one id image
"Cats aren't as dense as rock. "
Idk my cat gets stuck in a tree pretty regularly.
He meant dense as in DENSity not IQ
This video is gonna cause a huge spike in Google searches for “density of a cat”
BTW, the answer is √(3c²/8πGρ), or ~389 million km (2.6x the distance from the Earth to the Sun)
I know I'm a nerd, but you'll thank me later.
To find the radius of material where it correlates to the event horizon, I derived this cute little equation.
z = ~6.2087*10^-27
p = density
R = Square root of (1/pz)
Derivation if anyone's interested:
Swarschild radius = 2GM/c^2
R = radius
M = p×4/3×r^3×pi
New Swarschild equation
= (8Gp×pi×r^3)/3c^2
C, G and pi are constants, so the equation simplifies to (6.2087×10^-27)pr^3
If Swarschild radius and radius is the same, then
Z = 6.2087×10^-27
R = Zpr^3
1 = Zpr^2
1/Zp = r^2
R = Square root of 1/Zp
Thanks for reading this
Thanks
*" Hey how's your shield and wife doing? Yeah they're nice "*
What I learned today:
Cats aren't as dense as rocks
So that's what happened to my cat.
Swallowed by a young demogorgon obviously.
I love the way you say schwarzschild
DerGuteKönigDesAssozialenNetzwerks Sektion c1-37 yeah I’ve always heard it pronounced Schwartz Child
WarioGiant But there’s no t in it and do you hear others pronounce the ch or not. Coming from someone with the last name Schwartz. (Pronounced: sh-warts)
It's pronounced ʃvaʁʦʃɪlt or Shhh-Farts-Shield. Picture farts that are made at the Schwarzschild radius, being inaudible on the account of being sucked right into the black hole immediately.
You just got the award for only english educational channel which pronounces Schwarzschild's name somewhat correctly.
I just realized I love the music because it's low mellow, and not shrill and distracting- but it still adds a lot to the quality of the video.
If cat become blackhole, does it mean it same as disapear. Since cat almost have zero gravity?
Very small black holes will just detonate because of Hawking radiation
@@AntSwift1 Did you mean disappear?
I might be wrong though
@@Hello-bs8dn no they will denote because e=mc2 so the black hole's mass is converted to energy and that cannot disappear and so it will detonate
@@scienceium5233 Ohh okay!
@@scienceium5233 self conservation of fmb until big crunchy meal shivers
I'm not sure about that, my cat's pretty dense...
This video would've been so blood helpful when I was trying to figure out how many salmon you'd need for it to compress into a black hole
Currently doing that with bees. This is very hard.
@@gunyukwunny
I would tend to agree..
what is the gravitational force of a bee?
@@gunyukwunny The so called _"smart"_ discord people kept on insisting "nah, you just need one because any amount of mass can become a black hole", like oy! Smartass! I meant by itself, just left to its own devices, how many fokn fesh would it take to make a black hole!
Then I was mocked :3
Density of organic body (used human, for simplicity): 1062 kg/m3
Setting r = rs, we get a required mass of
260683794751969427943582913324619137024 kg
for that density
Plugging back into the cubic root radius equation, we'd need to stack cats to a radius of
3.8841885 × 10^11 meters
Which is more than twice an astronomical radius (distance from earth to the sun), 1.496e+11 meters
(calculation can be improved by measuring cat density by dunking cats in water and measuring volume displacement)
Omg I started watching this years ago. Now reading a book on mass so came back to the video. It still had my watch point lol
0:06 it's "spaghetti", only 1 "g" and 2 "t"s, so it is "spa *ghetti* fication"
Hey minutephysics! After 1 hour of calculations I have got to the value of r= 2.74 x 10^15 m. I'm pretty sure my answer is completely wrong but because I've spent too much time on this one I just want to check. If that's not the answer please someone tell me what I am doing wrong. Have a nice day guys! Love your channel :D
I personally had a radius of 4.033x10^11 and some other guy in the comments had the same, post the mass you found.
Parpaing Well...I found a mass of 1.84 x 10^42
Parpaing I first got the mass equation and substituted the r^3 to rs^3 (because in the video there was a hint saying that r=rs) and then after a lot of huge numbers I found this mass that I said. Then I used the rs equation with the mass I've found and got that radius. But you're probably right since another guy got that radius too. Can you tell me what you did? Thanks!
What density did you use ?
Parpaing I used a density of 1.062 kg/m^3 that I found on a random cat website
Wow, we're allowed to post comments in this video. Gee, thanks guy!
microbuilder ikr?
ikr
ikr
ikr
microbuilder ikr
"Cats aren't as dense as rocks"
If I am ever, ever, asked for a quote, a comment, my thoughts on absolutely anything ever.... I have found my response.
I think this is the best video you have made yet!Please don't stop posting!!!
Lets just colide a lot of cats with anti-matter cats
The energy(radiation or light) can form Kugelblitz
That's a way more easy way to make a black hole.
I watch these videos to make myself seem smart...
Emphasis on seem :-/. You don't get really smart through a few minutes. It takes a little more investment.
George Lionon dont get all but hurt, it was a joke
Thats why I also had upvoted your comment, due to all the but hurt :-/
George Lionon haha...fair
I really like the little challenge at the end of the video involving doing the math. It's a great little bonus with the video, and I'd honestly be totally ok with seeing more of that.
This is a perfect example of a physicist stating that an animal (cat or cow) is approximately a sphere.
What about the density of very small rocks or witches?
1 witch = an equal mass of wood, or your average duck but taller.
Just send you cat to your parents, while you on vacation. Cat mass will double at the end of it.
Then repeat few times. :)
I was expecting you to talk about the kugelblitz
Nelson Perez I think I will be the only one to get that lol
I get it
It’s a black hole made out of light
It's the theoretical black hole that forms from an immense concentration of light. Den smack, not the only one to get it.
Love how you pronounce schwarzschild
@@keysmash_roa no
This is the one of the very very few minutephysics videos that I actually understood completely.
I am disappointed that each slide with a black hole drawn in it doesn’t vanish into it.
why is there hair around my black hole?
Mi 😂
Wrong channel 😂😂
Around is the best you can do, because black holes themselves have no hair, according to a very famous statement by Wheeler: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No-hair_theorem
Actually there have been some recent papers suggesting holes may in fact have soft electromagnetic hair: arxiv.org/abs/1606.03226
So much for no-hair conjecture😂😂😂🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣😂😂😂
0:47
Lmao that sounds so funny for me as German😂
??
When I plug in 6 * the mass of the sun (6 * 1.989e30 kg) and density of a neutron star (1e17 kg/m^3), I get 30.542 km for the radius not 20. Using 3M I get 24.241 km... Am I not doing the formula with density right?
Thank you. I have been looking for a tutorial to hide my cat from my boyfriend for so long. Now I can finally compress it to microscopic size. That hydrolic press will finally become handy after all!
/ˈʃvaʁtsʃɪlt/
You're welcome.
IllidanS4 [tsʃ]? seriously?
what is this
Glomo IPA
so like
shvarhtzshilt?
Probably. And yes, [tsʃ] seriously.
0:48 What?! Shov-Shov??
Ah, I too have a sphereical cat.
I love how they squeeze cats in literally every physics video
I think this would have been a good video to mention the fact that black holes under a certain mass cannot sustain the density required to “stay” a black hole for a significant amount of time.
Basically, compressing any old mass down to a tiny volume won’t actually work, because the forces inside the tiny black hole pushing out will exceed the force pushing the matter together.
"The first 314..." I see what you did there. ;)
How about a hydraulic press?
Hydraullic press can't generate enough force to compress mass into black hole
+1 sin for asking stupid question *ding!*
I think the hydraulic press would become a black hole before the cat. Because of its higher density.
@redstone craft guy Oh really? Wouldn't have guessed
This confused me more then when my math teacher speaks
Thanks for your Input !!! This guy Karl Swartzschild had it all figured out LONG before all this stuff Today about 'Event Horizen' Give the guy his Credid Due and sfarf calling it 'SWARTZSCHILD PERIMITER '
So, in the video, you mentioned that the supernova compresses the core of the star to create a black hole, when in reality it's the other way around. In your video on how black holes are incredibly efficient generators, you had it correct. When a star goes supernova, the force of gravity compresses the core beyond the strength of nuclear forces causing all the fermions to stop pushing outwards and collapse into a superdense object. This collapse releases so much gravitational potential energy that it heats up this material, and releases an insane amount of energy literally blowing the everything outside the collapsing region into space.
The correct statement would be that the gravitational forces and pressure inside a star cause a black hole to form releasing enough energy to make the star go supernova.
That said, I loved this video, and I appreciate what you do. I dream of someday making video games with accurate physics to help teach kids about physics. Most video games have physics that's grossly inaccurate causing many in the rising generation to believe physics works differently than it does, and what you're doing is helping correct some of these misunderstandings and falsehoods, so I really appreciate the videos on your youtube channel.
Whats the Schwarzchild radius of comments being disabled?
What about white holes?
*_***RACIST CONFIRMED***_*
they are mathematically plausible but not confirmed if i recall correctly
k
They are part of a strictly static solution of the Einstein equation. Usually we consider only black holes that have come into being, by means of the processes discussed in the video. Then there is no white hole involved. However, it is conceivable that there are 'primordial' or 'eternal' black holes, which originate with the universe itself at the Big Bang. Then a white hole is conceivable. No such hole has been confirmed.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_hole
4:35 *314😂😂😂*
So your saying that, to turn my cat into into a black hole, I _REALLY_ Need to start feeding it more.
Left as an exercise for the viewer in true physicist fashion. Bravo sir, bravo.
We still deserve an answer for why you disabled comments on your Simpson's Paradox Part 2 video T_T
Because the comments were toxic. If you saw them, you'd understand. It doesn't matter who is right or wrong if there's no civility.
Because he wasn't right and he didn't like people disproving hin and questioning his feminist world view
I said it DOESN'T MATTER who was right. Toxicity is always wrong.
because youtube comments shouldn't exist
Yamnasm - that is a bs reason. All comment sections on youtube are "toxic". Just look at a simple top 10 lost. He obviously just did not like disagreement with hiseminist ideas that will always say women are put down even when favored. You say it does not matter who is right or wrong but of everyone agreed with him they would not be disabled.
Please keep making science videos like this, and stay off politics.
It is funny how native english speakers try to pronounce a German word😂 This time it is easier for me to say this word as a German person
0:39 hello from 31st May 2019. It appears that it actually have happened in recent hundreds millions years.I mean we have recently learned it probably happened thanks to gravitational waves.
That slow data transfer...speed of light is not fast enough.
Though in the universe where lightspeed would be higher the black holes would be much smaller so probably more dangerous.
If cats are stacked over each other, they reach a radius of 4.03 x 10^11 m... About 2.7 times the distance btwn earth and sun assuming cats density same as water (cat like a bag of water)
If a single cat of 3 kilos was compressed to a blackhole, its radius should be 4.4 x 10^-27 m
Superb video by minute physics!
When you are german and get triggered everytime he says Schwortschield instead of Schwarzschild 😂 but nice trying bro
To be fair, you mispronounce most English names as well.
But is it really important how someone pronounces something, as long as you understood what they meant? Just let it go, don't be triggered, being triggered ain't relaxed.
I bet I do many pronunciation mistakes in English as well.
I think it is important to pronounce things right or at least try to ( what MinutePhysics did hopefully). You can not expect from someone to speak perfectly your mother tongue if he is no native speaker as well.
But in this case, I know what he meant, because it said so in the title. If I was not familiar with the topic MinutePhysics talks about, I would not be able to identify the name Schwarzschild as Schwarzschild due to remarkably huge pronunciation errors.