I can see blue doing a full workout montage ala rocky style and every time he is doing sit ups he looks up at the ceiling and theres a picture of a dome there.
"Everyone said I was daft to commission a temple, but I had it built, just to prove them wrong. It burned down. So I built a second one. That got struck by lightning and burned down. So I built a third one. That one got pillaged by barbarian looters, _but at least it stayed up!"_
I mean… they didn’t bring to Rome nearly as much artistic loot. Romans generally took the original and copied them. Even the Obelisk, which are the main example of Roman appropriation… well half of the them are fakes. Built by Romans. A copy of the original. Not the originals themselves. The could, but didn’t bring back the obelisks of Luxor nor peace’s of the parthenon. Most Greek originals were left and could, some are still (some still can), be found Greece.
Fun fact: it took us years to figure out the special ingredients to roman concrete, the solution? They just replaced the word water with saltwater. Back then ingredients lists for roman concrete just assumed you knew to use salt water, so they all just said "water"
@@uzza4419 after chewing on a bunch of old Roman architecture and getting banned from 12 Italian provinces and getting hunted by the Italian army , I can say yes… old Roman buildings are very salty
@@drendraleigh4722 Yeah but then you don't know if it's just surface salt or if the whole thing actually has salt laced throughout. You gotta be thorough
Question: "How do you even begin to calculate that?" Answer: You don't. You build a scale model first. Take the model to the proposed building site on that date and hold it level. Look inside to where the sun is shinning. That's the direction the entrance needs to be in at full scale. Make a note, mark the build area as you go. Additionally, you don't even need a scale model. A stick will do the job. On the proposed date you go out and shove a stick in the ground. See that shadow? The entrance needs to be that direction. The length of the shadow shows you the angle the door needs to be at. No Trig necessary. Just fundamental Geometry and good notes.
Worker, holding a sledgehammer: "Guys, I know you said 'knock down all the pagan temples', but guys, this is GORGEOUS..." Priest: "Maybe we could, I dunno, turn it into OUR temple? It IS gorgeous." Cardinal: *thinks, then gives the thumbs up*
Uhm . . . it is actually the concrete, not the beauty that stopped the worker with a sledgehammer. For buildings made of large dressed stone blocks, if you can lift them, you can just haul the away, as the structure is only held together by gravity, but concrete structures are more permanent. It is only in modern times that tearing down the Pantheon to build something else out of the material would be less time consuming than using oxen to haul stone from quarries a hundred miles away. Tearing down the Pantheon would be hard enough with pneumatic drills and a wrecking ball. The cheapest way to do it would be with explosives.
It’s actually fairly common for pagan and other distinctly nonchristian worship sites to be…”repurposed.” There’s a temple I visited in Lebanon. Originally it was Baal’s. Including an alter for human sacrifices. Naturally orthodoxy went “It’s Free Real Estate”, knocked down all the pagan imagery, and threw up several crosses instead. Human sacrifice alter, T-shaped torture device, what’s the difference~
@@anonymousfellow8879 So much that In Spain, mosques were repurposed as cathedrals like in Toledo and in Turkey, cathedrals were repurposed as mosques like Hagia Sophia.
The actual Parthenon in Athens became a church dedicated to the virgin Mary. Which, considering the Parthenon's name comes from Athena Parthenons, the Virgin Athena... Pretty apt.
@@tagmata1872 to be fair, it was great practice for when they'd stab everyone else. They were pretty good at that. They tended to lose when they fought people who rudely refused to get in stabbing range. Like the Parthians. Or the Carthaginian navy, until the Romans invented ways to bring stabby land fighting to sea.
I love the sheer joy Blue gets out of domes. Also fun art history fact: ANY Greek statue you see that is MARBLE, is a Roman copy of a Greek original. Greek statues, unless they were part of a structure, were all cast in bronze, which was light enough to hold up under its own weight, and why you see them in radical poses. That's also why the Roman copies all have awkward stumps, weird columns, or sprues that ruin the lines/shape of the statue: marble can't support itself so they had to add extra support in.
Venus of Milo, Winged Victory of Samothrace, Kouros of Tenea, Kroisos Kouros , Euthydikos Kore... and dozens of other kouros and kore, term that indicates all the free-standing ancient Greek sculptures that doesn't depicts gods. There's plenty of free-standing Greek and even more Ellenistic marble statues.
As an architect, the portico having to be shortened in the middle of construction because the builder couldn't source the right columns is too relatable.
As a carpenter I frequently encounter a similar problem and yes, the reason this particular table is made out of scrapwood is because of a stylistic choice, not because I ran out of wood halfway through. No, one of the steam bent table legs did not decide to explode. Anyways... scrapwood... good stuff... recycling. Even though it's 90% glue I swear on my life that it's more eco-friendly than building a table out of 100% glue.
Maybe they got too impatient to source the right height column base pedestal blocks to put the columns they had upon them? Or some architect wanted that tiered look?
Well, even the most continuous of natural stone is gonna have cracks in it _somewhere,_ either from natural weathering or earthquakes or thermal contraction, or from people drilling and hammering blocks out of it. I imagine they couldn't find a quarry with cracks far enough apart -- and weren't willing to compromise with taller column bases. Edited to add: Near Aswan, Egypt, there's an ancient obelisk that was abandoned half-carved out of a quarry, because of cracks that probably weren't visible until _after_ they'd started. They'd carved it out lying on its side -- [_̅_̅_̅_̅_̅_̅_̅_̅_̅_̅_> -- but never carved under it to free it from the rock. These days it's an open-air museum.
As someone who studies astronomy in college, the math to figure out the sunlight alignment is simultaneously much simpler and much, MUCH more complicated that it sounds.
I think they were lazy about it. Go to a spot on April 25th at noon, mark it with some sticks and chalk, write down some notes then leave. Sometimes the simplest answer is the right answer.
HELLO!!! I want to spend time with celebrities. Just kidding. GAGAGAGAGA! I only want to spend time with my two girlfriends and record videos for TH-cam with the 3 of us. OH YEAH. Don't hate me for living the best life, dear tim
I went to the Pantheon with a school group (I was so lucky to have the opportunity for various timing and money reasons). Rome has absurdly huge seagulls, and my strongest memory of the Pantheon that apparently a seagull swooped down and flew off with a full-grown pigeon as my friends watched (I only caught the motion in the corner of my eye). We were all pretty haunted after that.
My mind was still overtly fixated on the fact that Portland Concrete is not great for the sea, that I read your opening paragraph as "I went to Portland" XD.
I skimmed this and first rad that the seagull swooped down and flew off with a full-grown friend and considering the stories of birds flying off with toddlers, I was half-convinced till I read it again
Im a Civil Engineering student who just came back from a semester in which I was studying the math and formula's needed to work with concrete. The Roman Architectural genius is not that they where able to build these massive structures its the fact that they figured out how to make concrete and all of the math behind working with concrete long before Portland even existed and before Portland cement was a thing. A semester long class filled with confusing formula's in which 99% of the students rely on programs like Structure Point to do for them was figured out by the Romans through hand written long calculations its actually insane.
@@5minutesofyourtime And the fact that they had no constants to go off of like Gravity or Pi or exact weights and what not for the materials that they used. Insanity
Actually, Roman calculations were done with calculi = 'little pebbles' laid out on a board in a kind of abacus. You can't calculate with Roman numerals. (Related words: calcium, calculus - in both the mathematical and the dental sense - and, through French, chalk).
Interestingly, the great temple at Abu Simbel in Egypt, built by Usermaatre-setpenre Ramesses Meryamun (Ramesses II the Great), also had a similar solar alignment, but i think it's even more impressive as it was built to align on -two- dates, not just one, casting the statues in the sanctuary in light except for that of the god Ptah due to some underworld associations. What these original dates were is a bit murky. Possibly the king's birth day and the day of his coronation, or possibly to do with the Egyptian new year. Unfortunately the millennia since has resulted in axial precession so the Tropic of Cancer has shifted and in addition to that the entire temple was relocated in 1964 to save it from the flooding of Laker Nasser due to the completion of the Aswan Dam so the current alignment is certainly off at least somewhat. I wonder if the Romans took advantage of Egyptian mathematical knowledge in calculating the solar alignmnet of the Pantheon, since by that point Egypt was under Roman rule.
The Julian calendar was made after Caesar met Cleopatra so... If I recall correctly piramids are also aligned to certain constellations, It's hypothesized they had entire ceremonies to measure how to align everything during the intended date.
The only building more Roman than the Pantheon that I can think of would be the great imperial bath complexes in Rome. They've got the same ingenious brick-and-concrete construction, soaring roofs and domes, giant monolithic columns (some of which only seem to carry load but the load bearing impost blocks are embedded into the walls, they're purely for looks), as well as exotic stones and precious metals for decoration. But what they have in addition is maybe even more Roman. The massive terraforming/landscaping projects required, the complex heating systems and their logistics, and the most Roman thing of all, the aqueducts carrying millions of gallons of water to them on a daily basis. They were how the Romans absolutely flexed on every other ancient civilization, who couldn't hope to come close to their level of sophistication and mastery of their environment.
I wish we had the clout in this modern age to do something equally as ridiculously extravagant. I'll content myself that at least we learned to not make our water containers out of lead.
@@Shadowreaper5 it wasn't just water containers, the Romans also used lead pots to boil wine to sweeten it, as in heating up acidic wine with the express intent to leach out lead
Literally every single historian or history enthusiast I’ve ever met has a thing for domes. I’m pretty sure they get into domes, and then develop an interest in history just so they can learn more and talk about domes.
My Dad converted to Christianity because he wanted to talk about cathedral architecture. And while that's an oversimplification, it is not actually a joke.
Honestly for me it’s Scandinavian boat building techniques. Suck it domes! Let’s see you navigate a river then cross open seas while still being light enough to carry over land!
I don't know how he'd do it, but at this point, Blue just needs to start a series on historical architecture called "Dome Dominance". This is the one channel on youtube that can make a conversation about anything interesting. I would legitimately petition for a video on paint drying at this point with how in depth Blue's borderline obsession for the methodology of historical architecture as an art form is.
The volcanic ash concrete reminds me of the castle of San Juan de Ullua, in Veracruz, Mexico; where the bricks where made from coral to resist the water from the ocean
That’s really cool. I didn’t know that about Mexico. It’s so awesome to learn about how people of the past used local resources to their best advantage
Where did you find that info? I'm not doubting you, but I looked it up and I can't find anything about that place, or any other, being made with coral, so I'd love to know what your source is
I've been reading "A narrative of a whaling voyage around the globe from years 1833-1836" and according to it a lot of pre missionary polynesian island cultures built burial grounds and ritual sites out of coral brick too
One of my favorite pieces of party trivia: The concrete dome was poured continuously. Because of concrete's tendency to not bond with itself if it cures too much, they had to pour it in a ton of small batches that they had to make sure went down fast enough that the previous batch wasn't too hard to bond. I don't know off the top of my head what that magic time is, but it's on the magnitude of hours, so they had to work fast, and never stop. To get one solid, fused piece, they had to have teams of slaves working 24/7 for something like 3 years to get that dome poured. Absolutely insane.
honestly, when I went to Rome I was far more awestruck by the pantheon than the colluseum or any of the other structures. you just don't expect it to be so... colossol and beautiful. but it is. photos truly do not do it justice
Same!!! Those exact words. Thank you, I spent an age writing a comment and trashed it because it was nothing, this is exactly how I felt too: I didn't expect it and I was truly awestruck.
Spot on! The proportions are so elegant… massive & delicately precise. It’s simply not possible to convey the impact of this 3D space via 2D partial images. Italian vacation plane tickets for everyone, please!
how to calculate sun location: -start before construction -stand around at noon on april 21st -figure out where sun is (look up) -orient hole and door accordingly deeper mathematics or modeling are likely nessecary for the exact moment evoked, but like, they did also have the camera obscura by which you could model the phenomenon. This would also imply they may've known they were building a giant camera obscura which feels pretty awesome.
I was thinking: Decide where and how high you want the oculus. Put up a wooden pole that high, in that spot, with a cross bar of the right width. On noon on april 21st, note where the shadow is. There's your door. Quickly put up some framing sticks to mark the location and outline. Leave your door frame and oculus pole in place. Now have all the time you need to take measurements and draw plans. And because the sun moves slowly enough, you can even tweak and revise in the weeks before and after the key date.
It is beyond description to find yourself gazing up into the Oculus.....there are no words to prepare you for the fight you will have with expectation and the experience. The reaction that the companions in Dr Who have to the impossibility of something being bigger on inside than it could possibly ever be when they first enter the TARDIS is as close as I can explain it...
I wanted to see the Pantheon all my life and when I finally did, it was even more awesome than I had imagined it would be. It remained the most impressive building I had ever seen until two weeks later when I visited Hagia Sofia, which totally blew me away and actually reduced this straight middle aged bloke to tears with its utter magnificence.
As an aspiring engineer, the pure engineering of the Pantheon just warms my heart. How they did this 1600 years before we even had basic Newtonian physics is beyond me.
You can figure out a lot of the practical physics of arches and such by building scale models with wooden blocks. You don't need the equations when the world is your calculator.
If the romans were a thing today they would probably get a bunch of copyright claims and comments saying "YOU COPIED THIS FROM ____" and they would be like "NOOOO" Or they would be Disney
They would be Hollywood. Its not talked about that often but the reason the US film industry chose California to be its base of opperations was largely because it was so far from Europe that it was near impossible to prove that the US film industry was violating all the various patients that each European nation had for their film industry. And in the rare instance where such violations was proven (the most famous of which was the stolen camera design) it was impossible to enforce because of the distance. Hollywood today is all about protecting their intellectual property. However they exist BECAUSE of intellectual property violation.
I think one of my favorite moments in my life was being in the Pantheon while Pentecost was happening (and they had a little mass in there) and when the whole bible verse came where the tongues of flame and such started somebody had come to the top of the dome and let a bunch of rose petals fall into the church and it was... a weird indescrible feeling
DOMES!!!! Ok but seriously, Roman Engineering is so inspiring. The amount they got done with their technology (and the constant warring) is honestly awe-inspiring. I would die *and* kill to see what Rome looked like back when it was still painted.
One of my favourite experiences from when I was in Rome a few years ago was walking through the Pantheon with the light shining through the opening. Truly a wonderful piece of architechture.
6:15 Astronomy, my dude. 6:50 Is just me or this building could fit very well into YuGiOh! ? Just look at those squares of the dome and don´t tell me you cannot see how well YuGiOh pictures of monsters would fit so well there.
Considering the fact that there was a PS2 game set during the War of the Roses, I can TOTALLY see that. I can also see the High Priest of the Pantheon using a Planetary Agent deck.
I always knew that "pantheon" referred to a group of gods, but I was today years old when seeing 3:19 that it finally clicked that it's "pan" for all and "theo" for god.
Rome is such a surreal place, so many beautiful things around every corner. I casually walked into this building and was completely amazed. Didn't even realize it was a tourist attraction lol Great video and wow, that's some crazy math! haha
One interesting thing is that in roman times, you would've had to walk up to it, and it wouldn't have been obvious there's a massive dome. The ground was much lower then, and we've uncovered a fairly large staircase that one would've had to walk up to get into the pantheon. It was also more tightly surrounded by buildings, so the huge round interior would've just not been much seen from the outside. So the awing effect of walking in would've been even GREATER. Insane to think about. Great video!!
I can't believe I'm so early!!! Amazing video Blue!! I'm always impressed with your awesome videos!! It's amazing to see how things evolve through history, and no one presents it like you do!! You guys always make me laugh!! P.S. DOMES!!!
I visited this in January 2020 on my last overseas trip before the pandemic struck. Got out of Italy 2 weeks before it shut down. Was a really awe inspiring place, with a nice little gluten free diet friendly restaurant near by! 10/10, would wander into again
I visited it during the summer of 2019. Very cool place! Though I had to cover my shoulders and there were tons of tourist traps outside. Fair warning to anyone visiting Rome!
I did not appreciate the Pantheon enough when I saw it and this video, combined with almost every singe one of my courses at University, reminds me of that. It is truly gorgeous and impressive, I just wish I could see it for the first time again, but with the ability to appreciate it properly this time.
I was pretty much going to say the same thing. I am so glad that I got to visit it all those years ago, but my appreciation is nowhere near what it would be today
I am not kidding when I say the first time I ever saw the pantheon (the person I was traveling with who knew their way around was just sorta aimlessly walking me through the streets so I didn't know it was coming) I actually cried right there in the piazza. It is truly a gorgeous building.
The Pantheon is absolutely stunning! I was there back in 2012 for a school trip, and wow, even without any knowledge of architecture it’s just impressive as hell. Directly across from the entrance I also ate the best damn Spaghetti Carbonara of my life and the owner was super sweet and nice to us, so if you’re ever there, say hi :)
This is the kind of place that I would not have cared about if I visited, but your explanations about the architecture of the temple made me understand why it's impressive. Thank you, Blue.
Having been to Rome in 2019 during the summer and visiting the Pantheon for the first time I must say, for those who haven't been there, that you absolutely have no idea how unbelievably massive the actual building is until you are close to it. Pictures and schematics simply don't do it justice. The place is absolutely massive and it's insane that it managed to be built at that time and still remain standing to this day. Hell, even my parents who are just more casual about it were surprised. Seriously, for those who want to visit Rome I must tell you not to skip the Pantheon, it's really impressive.
Great video! And fun fact: as you can see at 3:12, the three columns on the left appear much better preserved, but that's because they were added (together with the "goofy towers" at 8:04) by famous baroque architect Bernini. And this Bernini's project kind of anticipated a fundamental contemporary principle, at least here in Italy, for restoration of historical architecture: that of distinctiveness from original elements. As you can see the material is different, and the capitals are sort of simplified to the original Corinthian ones.
I've got to admit, I love the BGM choices in your videos. Music from Skyrim, which is a province in a Roman inspired empire. Or the use of Two Steps From Hell in some of Red's mythology videos. They make me enjoy your channel even more.
I was a guard in the Pantheon of Rome for 25 years and so I had to interact with hundreds of tourists from all the world. I met talkative, friendly and nice visitors, others rude, arrogant and suspicious. You have no idea about how many silly questions visitors asked me. Never forgot when two south Americans asked me if the tower of Pisa was far from there.
I remember visiting the Pantheon back in 2012 with my art club in my senior year! The whole trip to Italy had us visiting Venice, Florance (best shopping imo) Rome, Vatican City, and Pompeii (my favorite stop on the trip) it was awesome to visit so many notable locations. The inside of the Pantheon was truly impressive. It's such a beautiful building on the inside, a fine dome indeed~ I really wanna go back and visit other parts of Italy, I'd love to visit the city of Urbino, the episode Extra History did on it sounded so neato, and you can't beat the lovely countryside
The Pantheon shows the most culturally dedicated and unique showmanship of Roman architecture and craftsmanship. Its beauty is only secondary to the ingenuity it took to think of such a glorious building. Good. Dome. 💜😅
6:17 you don't, you just wait for the Important DayTM, put a really long stick at the center and see where the shadow touches the ground at noon. /s Ok idk if they actually did it like that but it was probably easier to align something by observation.
Awesome video as always! I can’t wait to visit the Pantheon when I visit Rome in a few months! Thanks for the knowledge, I can’t wait to info-dump this all to my family and friends. Also, dome good.
@@demoulius1529 If the co-burnings of both the American and Canadian capital buildings taught me anything, it's "well let's try again, but with less wood and more rock this time" tends to be the usual rational, yeah. //laugh//
Maybe not so much the stone facades but things like wooden supports and decorations, hangings, books and oil lamps inside? And when rock is heated enough it can explode.
@@NixodCreations We only seem to have Herculaneum as an example, but yes, wooden rafters/beams seem to be their go to. I suspect that the Romans may have had a fashion for wood panelling as well.
I still remember when I first walked in, I just stood there, in awe. Almost humbled that human beings could build something as 'simple' (in terms of looks) and as complex both at the same time.
the roman time were just fascinating and amazing like how many western ideas were started by the greeces and expanded upon by the romans so it great to learn about that time
Ahh memories of 2007 in my Roman Archaeology class. Especially of the structure of the temple, & its dome. Though the light meeting the emperor is new. Thus I regret of only having one like to give.
I went to see the Pantheon in person and I was just mesmerized by the architecture. I almost got to go on Easter Sunday, when they dump all the rose petals through the hole, but unfortunately I got sick that day. I wish I could remember the other oculus I saw that also took my breath away. It was a few years ago now, but I went to the ruins of an underground villa with my class and there was a huge room with an oculus that was surrounded by waterways. It was amazing, especially because the oculus had remained there even while everything else was in ruins.
To be perfectly honest, I thought the Pantheon's biggest design flaw would be having to constantly clean bird poop and drain rainwater out of Rome's biggest portal to the heavens. Much like my parents, birds enjoy shitting all over that which you love, if my halfway decent car gets coated after an hour alone in the parking lot I can't imagine immaculate marble floors fare much better.
Fun fact, when it rains, sometimes rainwater actually can't get into the Pantheon through the oculus, because the hot air that comes out from it from inside the building acts as a cushion that prevents the rainwater from going in.
@@Blazo_Djurovic I might have exagerated a bit. :p If the rain is strong it gets into the Pantheon, or if the temperature inside is not high, but the air cushion effect does indeed happen at the oculus.
When I got to visit Rome, the tour guides there mentioned that the oculus’s (likely Avatar Roku inspiring) light also moves around so it stops at each of the four main “corners” of the cylinder during the solstices and the Autumnal Equinox as well as the Imperial Vernal. All in all this is my favorite building in Rome, along with those of Basilica of San Clemente, and it’s great to see a video talking about it!
I've been there two times, and I have to say that it is an incredible place, just being there in the center of the building gives you a sensation of confort.
Not going to lie, every time Blue anguished about the math I kept expecting Red to pop in with an explanation. And now that Antique Antics is officially a series...I am expecting full coverage of domes from around the world will be achieved at some point. Or an eventual dome specific mini-series entitled simply 'DOMES!!!' ....No I am not eagerly anticipating either possibility and I don't have a spread from National Geographic magazine taped to one wall in my room that is the progress of the dome...
Parthenon: Rectangles!
Pantheon: DOOOOOOOMES!
do you love me
Why am I imagining the Blue and Pink fairies from Sleeping Beauty fighting over Roman architecture now?
You realize Blue's midlife crisis eventually will probably include a romantic fling with a dome.
ALL DA DOMES!!!!!
I can see blue doing a full workout montage ala rocky style and every time he is doing sit ups he looks up at the ceiling and theres a picture of a dome there.
"Everyone said I was daft to commission a temple, but I had it built, just to prove them wrong. It burned down. So I built a second one. That got struck by lightning and burned down. So I built a third one. That one got pillaged by barbarian looters, _but at least it stayed up!"_
A TH-camr of culture, I see.
I had the exact same thought and came to the comments to see if anyone else had the thought. Well-played.
what's the reference?
@@suddenllybah Seriously? Look up "Monty Python and the Holy Grail". Specifically, the 'castle in the swamp' bit.
@@michaelscott6022
That the huge tracts of land guy?
“If they saw something useful or shiny they took it.”
Britain was merely the apprentice. Rome was the Master!
Heck, Rome even took England. There's still an administrative district in London that was established by the Romans.
Britain mightve been the apprentice but they certainly outclassed their master by sheer numbers.
@@alexink9541 and guns
I mean… they didn’t bring to Rome nearly as much artistic loot.
Romans generally took the original and copied them.
Even the Obelisk, which are the main example of Roman appropriation… well half of the them are fakes. Built by Romans.
A copy of the original. Not the originals themselves.
The could, but didn’t bring back the obelisks of Luxor nor peace’s of the parthenon.
Most Greek originals were left and could, some are still (some still can), be found Greece.
@@alexink9541 To be entirely fair, Rome still got at least enough done to crash their own economy multiple times.
Fun fact: it took us years to figure out the special ingredients to roman concrete, the solution? They just replaced the word water with saltwater. Back then ingredients lists for roman concrete just assumed you knew to use salt water, so they all just said "water"
So you're saying that all their buildings are salty?
@@uzza4419 after chewing on a bunch of old Roman architecture and getting banned from 12 Italian provinces and getting hunted by the Italian army , I can say yes… old Roman buildings are very salty
@@teteteteta2548 I mean it's all your fault for chewing on those ancient architecture, could have just lick
If my memory is right, it was about 2014 when they got that mystery solved.
@@drendraleigh4722 Yeah but then you don't know if it's just surface salt or if the whole thing actually has salt laced throughout. You gotta be thorough
Question: "How do you even begin to calculate that?"
Answer: You don't. You build a scale model first. Take the model to the proposed building site on that date and hold it level. Look inside to where the sun is shinning. That's the direction the entrance needs to be in at full scale. Make a note, mark the build area as you go.
Additionally, you don't even need a scale model. A stick will do the job. On the proposed date you go out and shove a stick in the ground. See that shadow? The entrance needs to be that direction. The length of the shadow shows you the angle the door needs to be at. No Trig necessary. Just fundamental Geometry and good notes.
You sir, are wrong.
The techniques are called Gnomonic and orthogonal proyections. I'm an architect and learned to do it in University.
so black magic
@@destinyblade1167 Yep, the black magic of a stick in the ground. Do not underestimate the occult powers of a stick.
@@Carewolf ALL HAIL THE MIGHTY STICK!!!
These Romans were madlads in Math!
Worker, holding a sledgehammer: "Guys, I know you said 'knock down all the pagan temples', but guys, this is GORGEOUS..."
Priest: "Maybe we could, I dunno, turn it into OUR temple? It IS gorgeous."
Cardinal: *thinks, then gives the thumbs up*
Uhm . . . it is actually the concrete, not the beauty that stopped the worker with a sledgehammer. For buildings made of large dressed stone blocks, if you can lift them, you can just haul the away, as the structure is only held together by gravity, but concrete structures are more permanent.
It is only in modern times that tearing down the Pantheon to build something else out of the material would be less time consuming than using oxen to haul stone from quarries a hundred miles away. Tearing down the Pantheon would be hard enough with pneumatic drills and a wrecking ball. The cheapest way to do it would be with explosives.
It’s actually fairly common for pagan and other distinctly nonchristian worship sites to be…”repurposed.”
There’s a temple I visited in Lebanon. Originally it was Baal’s. Including an alter for human sacrifices. Naturally orthodoxy went “It’s Free Real Estate”, knocked down all the pagan imagery, and threw up several crosses instead.
Human sacrifice alter, T-shaped torture device, what’s the difference~
@@anonymousfellow8879 Here’s the thing though - like said in the video, the Pantheon was the FIRST, so it was a novel idea at the time.
@@anonymousfellow8879 So much that In Spain, mosques were repurposed as cathedrals like in Toledo and in Turkey, cathedrals were repurposed as mosques like Hagia Sophia.
The actual Parthenon in Athens became a church dedicated to the virgin Mary. Which, considering the Parthenon's name comes from Athena Parthenons, the Virgin Athena... Pretty apt.
The Romans really were innovators in the field of civil wars it's honestly impressive
It really is astounding how often they’d stab each other
@@tagmata1872 to be fair, it was great practice for when they'd stab everyone else. They were pretty good at that. They tended to lose when they fought people who rudely refused to get in stabbing range. Like the Parthians. Or the Carthaginian navy, until the Romans invented ways to bring stabby land fighting to sea.
FTFY: The Romans really were innovators in the field of civil *wars* _engineering_, it's honestly impressive
Do the Praetorians even innovate at all across their career as a service throughout the Early Empire's history?
And civility lol
I love the sheer joy Blue gets out of domes.
Also fun art history fact: ANY Greek statue you see that is MARBLE, is a Roman copy of a Greek original. Greek statues, unless they were part of a structure, were all cast in bronze, which was light enough to hold up under its own weight, and why you see them in radical poses. That's also why the Roman copies all have awkward stumps, weird columns, or sprues that ruin the lines/shape of the statue: marble can't support itself so they had to add extra support in.
Yup, and almost all Greek bronzes either corroded away or got melted down to make other things centuries ago.
Why didn't I get taught this in art history class! Thank you
Very cool fact, never heard that before but it makes sense.
Venus of Milo, Winged Victory of Samothrace, Kouros of Tenea, Kroisos Kouros , Euthydikos Kore... and dozens of other kouros and kore, term that indicates all the free-standing ancient Greek sculptures that doesn't depicts gods.
There's plenty of free-standing Greek and even more Ellenistic marble statues.
@@AaronOfMpls man its frustrating there no surviving bronze statues.
*"*breathes* also slavery"* I think that can be applied to many, many ancient civilizations but who am I kidding it made me laugh
Not only ancient
@@mateoluna4639 fr
Every civilization.
Not Persia though.
@@madskristiansen are we talking about current persia or like ancient persia? (I don't know how to call it)
As an architect, the portico having to be shortened in the middle of construction because the builder couldn't source the right columns is too relatable.
Ugh, freaking mood. It's the reason why I sidestep Construction, and I'm focusing more on Landscape and Interior Design; it's 15% less stress.
As a carpenter I frequently encounter a similar problem and yes, the reason this particular table is made out of scrapwood is because of a stylistic choice, not because I ran out of wood halfway through. No, one of the steam bent table legs did not decide to explode. Anyways... scrapwood... good stuff... recycling. Even though it's 90% glue I swear on my life that it's more eco-friendly than building a table out of 100% glue.
Maybe they got too impatient to source the right height column base pedestal blocks to put the columns they had upon them? Or some architect wanted that tiered look?
@@apotato6278 Speaking of... Tomorrow I start some lessons in carpentry. Tips?.
Well, even the most continuous of natural stone is gonna have cracks in it _somewhere,_ either from natural weathering or earthquakes or thermal contraction, or from people drilling and hammering blocks out of it. I imagine they couldn't find a quarry with cracks far enough apart -- and weren't willing to compromise with taller column bases.
Edited to add: Near Aswan, Egypt, there's an ancient obelisk that was abandoned half-carved out of a quarry, because of cracks that probably weren't visible until _after_ they'd started. They'd carved it out lying on its side -- [_̅_̅_̅_̅_̅_̅_̅_̅_̅_̅_> -- but never carved under it to free it from the rock. These days it's an open-air museum.
I feel like if your temple gets struck by lightning and burns down, you've angered someone with it and probably shouldn't make a replacement
But then romans said "AHA! Take that, Jupiter!".
They did make a replacement and that one dident get torched down so I guess they just dident like the previous designs?
I would probably hear it as the gods being whiny little *itches saying "build us a newer better temple"
Or the gods want a newer model
@@NL-ws5fv that's pretty in character for like 90% of their pantheon so that's plausible
As someone who studies astronomy in college, the math to figure out the sunlight alignment is simultaneously much simpler and much, MUCH more complicated that it sounds.
Honestly? I’m surprised Blue didn’t cause Possessor of a Math Degree and Resident Astrophile Red to spawn with that statement.
I think they were lazy about it.
Go to a spot on April 25th at noon, mark it with some sticks and chalk, write down some notes then leave. Sometimes the simplest answer is the right answer.
Who expected Hadrian and Trajan's third temple to fall over, burn down, and sink into the Tiber?
But it didnt
HELLO!!! I want to spend time with celebrities. Just kidding. GAGAGAGAGA! I only want to spend time with my two girlfriends and record videos for TH-cam with the 3 of us. OH YEAH. Don't hate me for living the best life, dear tim
@@thatoneguy1820 There's still time
Did they sing about it? Because no one wants that.
Oh, who's that running towar- Aaugh!
@@wanderingrandomer unless
I went to the Pantheon with a school group (I was so lucky to have the opportunity for various timing and money reasons). Rome has absurdly huge seagulls, and my strongest memory of the Pantheon that apparently a seagull swooped down and flew off with a full-grown pigeon as my friends watched (I only caught the motion in the corner of my eye). We were all pretty haunted after that.
Definitely a sign from the gods
@@emblemblade9245 Quick. What does the diviner say about that.
My mind was still overtly fixated on the fact that Portland Concrete is not great for the sea, that I read your opening paragraph as "I went to Portland" XD.
I skimmed this and first rad that the seagull swooped down and flew off with a full-grown friend and considering the stories of birds flying off with toddlers, I was half-convinced till I read it again
"How do you even BEGIN to calculate that"
I think that would've been the perfect place for Red to flex her Maths degree😂
I’m always confused about whether Red was a mathematics major or an anthropology major…
Im a Civil Engineering student who just came back from a semester in which I was studying the math and formula's needed to work with concrete. The Roman Architectural genius is not that they where able to build these massive structures its the fact that they figured out how to make concrete and all of the math behind working with concrete long before Portland even existed and before Portland cement was a thing. A semester long class filled with confusing formula's in which 99% of the students rely on programs like Structure Point to do for them was figured out by the Romans through hand written long calculations its actually insane.
...and without arabic numerals...
@@chedelirio6984 EXACTLY its insanity the math behind concrete design without using modern number systems
Not too mention the fact all their trail and error in their calculates were done by hand, not switching a variable in excel.
@@5minutesofyourtime And the fact that they had no constants to go off of like Gravity or Pi or exact weights and what not for the materials that they used. Insanity
Actually, Roman calculations were done with calculi = 'little pebbles' laid out on a board in a kind of abacus. You can't calculate with Roman numerals. (Related words: calcium, calculus - in both the mathematical and the dental sense - and, through French, chalk).
Interestingly, the great temple at Abu Simbel in Egypt, built by Usermaatre-setpenre Ramesses Meryamun (Ramesses II the Great), also had a similar solar alignment, but i think it's even more impressive as it was built to align on -two- dates, not just one, casting the statues in the sanctuary in light except for that of the god Ptah due to some underworld associations. What these original dates were is a bit murky. Possibly the king's birth day and the day of his coronation, or possibly to do with the Egyptian new year. Unfortunately the millennia since has resulted in axial precession so the Tropic of Cancer has shifted and in addition to that the entire temple was relocated in 1964 to save it from the flooding of Laker Nasser due to the completion of the Aswan Dam so the current alignment is certainly off at least somewhat.
I wonder if the Romans took advantage of Egyptian mathematical knowledge in calculating the solar alignmnet of the Pantheon, since by that point Egypt was under Roman rule.
I was wondering the exact same thing
You know a civilization is old when *changes in the Earth's motion* affects their architecture
Did Rome which went places and carted off everything they could pry up take math from Khmet? Don't be silly, of course they did.
@@旭球 And continental drift
The Julian calendar was made after Caesar met Cleopatra so...
If I recall correctly piramids are also aligned to certain constellations, It's hypothesized they had entire ceremonies to measure how to align everything during the intended date.
The only building more Roman than the Pantheon that I can think of would be the great imperial bath complexes in Rome. They've got the same ingenious brick-and-concrete construction, soaring roofs and domes, giant monolithic columns (some of which only seem to carry load but the load bearing impost blocks are embedded into the walls, they're purely for looks), as well as exotic stones and precious metals for decoration.
But what they have in addition is maybe even more Roman. The massive terraforming/landscaping projects required, the complex heating systems and their logistics, and the most Roman thing of all, the aqueducts carrying millions of gallons of water to them on a daily basis.
They were how the Romans absolutely flexed on every other ancient civilization, who couldn't hope to come close to their level of sophistication and mastery of their environment.
nevermind flexong on ancient civilizations, they were flexing on the Victorians up until Bazalgette, with the Cloaca Maxima
I wish we had the clout in this modern age to do something equally as ridiculously extravagant. I'll content myself that at least we learned to not make our water containers out of lead.
@@Shadowreaper5 it wasn't just water containers, the Romans also used lead pots to boil wine to sweeten it, as in heating up acidic wine with the express intent to leach out lead
@@1224chrisng that just makes it worse
Nothing is more Roman than the baths!
Literally every single historian or history enthusiast I’ve ever met has a thing for domes. I’m pretty sure they get into domes, and then develop an interest in history just so they can learn more and talk about domes.
My Dad converted to Christianity because he wanted to talk about cathedral architecture. And while that's an oversimplification, it is not actually a joke.
Honestly for me it’s Scandinavian boat building techniques. Suck it domes! Let’s see you navigate a river then cross open seas while still being light enough to carry over land!
As a physicist, architects and engineers are clearly madmen and witches
Yes
And your Physicist saying that jeez....
That's horrifying.
As a mathematician, I couldn't agree more - and I'm already giving you, the physicist, some uncomfortable looks.
Math dependent professions are just the two spidermen pointing meme but with witch hats.
I don't know how he'd do it, but at this point, Blue just needs to start a series on historical architecture called "Dome Dominance".
This is the one channel on youtube that can make a conversation about anything interesting.
I would legitimately petition for a video on paint drying at this point with how in depth Blue's borderline obsession for the methodology of historical architecture as an art form is.
More like "Dome-inance".... I couldn't resist.
The volcanic ash concrete reminds me of the castle of San Juan de Ullua, in Veracruz, Mexico; where the bricks where made from coral to resist the water from the ocean
That’s really cool. I didn’t know that about Mexico. It’s so awesome to learn about how people of the past used local resources to their best advantage
That´s cool.
Where did you find that info? I'm not doubting you, but I looked it up and I can't find anything about that place, or any other, being made with coral, so I'd love to know what your source is
I've been reading "A narrative of a whaling voyage around the globe from years 1833-1836" and according to it a lot of pre missionary polynesian island cultures built burial grounds and ritual sites out of coral brick too
One of my favorite pieces of party trivia:
The concrete dome was poured continuously. Because of concrete's tendency to not bond with itself if it cures too much, they had to pour it in a ton of small batches that they had to make sure went down fast enough that the previous batch wasn't too hard to bond. I don't know off the top of my head what that magic time is, but it's on the magnitude of hours, so they had to work fast, and never stop. To get one solid, fused piece, they had to have teams of slaves working 24/7 for something like 3 years to get that dome poured. Absolutely insane.
honestly, when I went to Rome I was far more awestruck by the pantheon than the colluseum or any of the other structures. you just don't expect it to be so... colossol and beautiful. but it is. photos truly do not do it justice
Can concur its amazing
Same!!! Those exact words. Thank you, I spent an age writing a comment and trashed it because it was nothing, this is exactly how I felt too:
I didn't expect it and I was truly awestruck.
Spot on! The proportions are so elegant… massive & delicately precise.
It’s simply not possible to convey the impact of this 3D space via 2D partial images.
Italian vacation plane tickets for everyone, please!
Completely agree. The feeling you get once you cross the HUMONGOUS columns first and the door afterwards is second to none.
how to calculate sun location:
-start before construction
-stand around at noon on april 21st
-figure out where sun is (look up)
-orient hole and door accordingly
deeper mathematics or modeling are likely nessecary for the exact moment evoked, but like, they did also have the camera obscura by which you could model the phenomenon.
This would also imply they may've known they were building a giant camera obscura which feels pretty awesome.
I was thinking:
Decide where and how high you want the oculus.
Put up a wooden pole that high, in that spot, with a cross bar of the right width.
On noon on april 21st, note where the shadow is. There's your door.
Quickly put up some framing sticks to mark the location and outline.
Leave your door frame and oculus pole in place. Now have all the time you need to take measurements and draw plans.
And because the sun moves slowly enough, you can even tweak and revise in the weeks before and after the key date.
That’s pretty neat knowing how The Pantheon came to be, and despite it looking the way it is, it’s pretty nice. I’ve gotta visit the place one day
It is beyond description to find yourself gazing up into the Oculus.....there are no words to prepare you for the fight you will have with expectation and the experience. The reaction that the companions in Dr Who have to the impossibility of something being bigger on inside than it could possibly ever be when they first enter the TARDIS is as close as I can explain it...
As a geologist, the fact that you very specifically got the unusual concrete formulation correct warms my cold, mafic little heart
I wanted to see the Pantheon all my life and when I finally did, it was even more awesome than I had imagined it would be. It remained the most impressive building I had ever seen until two weeks later when I visited Hagia Sofia, which totally blew me away and actually reduced this straight middle aged bloke to tears with its utter magnificence.
As an aspiring engineer, the pure engineering of the Pantheon just warms my heart. How they did this 1600 years before we even had basic Newtonian physics is beyond me.
Newtonian mechanics is overrated. All you need is concrete.
You can figure out a lot of the practical physics of arches and such by building scale models with wooden blocks. You don't need the equations when the world is your calculator.
If the romans were a thing today they would probably get a bunch of copyright claims and comments saying "YOU COPIED THIS FROM ____" and they would be like "NOOOO"
Or they would be Disney
Definitely Disney, the Romans were too strong (until the collapse lol) to be opposed or held accountable by anyone-just like the mouse.
I am here for this historical comparison
Intelectual Property is robbery
anti-Disney because of the slavery, not paying to license anything, and penises.
They would be Hollywood.
Its not talked about that often but the reason the US film industry chose California to be its base of opperations was largely because it was so far from Europe that it was near impossible to prove that the US film industry was violating all the various patients that each European nation had for their film industry.
And in the rare instance where such violations was proven (the most famous of which was the stolen camera design) it was impossible to enforce because of the distance.
Hollywood today is all about protecting their intellectual property. However they exist BECAUSE of intellectual property violation.
This is officially one of the most beautiful pieces of architecture I've ever seen in my life
What's more Roman than seeing something seeing something and "Going neat. Mine now!"
0:08
Romans: we just took this land!
People : We have nothing left, what else are you gonna take from us ?!
Romans: hold my wine
I think one of my favorite moments in my life was being in the Pantheon while Pentecost was happening (and they had a little mass in there) and when the whole bible verse came where the tongues of flame and such started somebody had come to the top of the dome and let a bunch of rose petals fall into the church and it was... a weird indescrible feeling
HOW DO YOU EVEN BEGIN TO CALCULATE THAT!?
I half expected Red to walk in and take over with a maths lesson at that point.
Truly a missed opportunity
DOMES!!!! Ok but seriously, Roman Engineering is so inspiring. The amount they got done with their technology (and the constant warring) is honestly awe-inspiring. I would die *and* kill to see what Rome looked like back when it was still painted.
When the Romans wanted to intimidate the barbarians, they often did some insane engineering megaprojects. Just to show that they could.
One of my favourite experiences from when I was in Rome a few years ago was walking through the Pantheon with the light shining through the opening. Truly a wonderful piece of architechture.
6:15 Astronomy, my dude.
6:50 Is just me or this building could fit very well into YuGiOh! ? Just look at those squares of the dome and don´t tell me you cannot see how well YuGiOh pictures of monsters would fit so well there.
Considering the fact that there was a PS2 game set during the War of the Roses, I can TOTALLY see that. I can also see the High Priest of the Pantheon using a Planetary Agent deck.
Oh, yes, I would put a Neo-Spacian Deck there.
Blue returning to his comfort zone. Domes.
Classic
This is perfect! I was just there two weeks ago. I definitely used facts from previous videos to impress my family. And now I have new trivia!
I always knew that "pantheon" referred to a group of gods, but I was today years old when seeing 3:19 that it finally clicked that it's "pan" for all and "theo" for god.
I was there in 2019, during the Labor Day week. Amazing. And since Raphael is buried there, I was able to pay my respects to a favorite artist.
It was inevitable-- For a moment, i thought you meant the turtle 🤦♀️
The highlight of my Friday!
"Let's do some DOMES"
Yup, this entire video is just an excuse for Blue to talk about DOMES
Cant really blame him though. Domes are awesome!
I mean, he IS the Arch Rambler of the Cult of the Decaposphere, so it would be weird if he didn’t.
It wouldn't be a first.
This is one of my new favourite blue shows and a lot of that comes from the name
This was my favorite tourist destination when I visited Rome. Such a cool building.
"it burned down fell over, THEN sank into the swamp! But the 4th one......"
also i hear skyrim?
Rome is such a surreal place, so many beautiful things around every corner. I casually walked into this building and was completely amazed. Didn't even realize it was a tourist attraction lol Great video and wow, that's some crazy math! haha
Blue once again thirsting for Roman (mostly domes) architecture... And I'm here for it!
Engineer here. Love how the Romans had a grasp on the concept of material science to enhance their designs.
The Pantheon is the best place to be when it rains in Rome. There is something surreal about the rain falling through the oculus
One interesting thing is that in roman times, you would've had to walk up to it, and it wouldn't have been obvious there's a massive dome. The ground was much lower then, and we've uncovered a fairly large staircase that one would've had to walk up to get into the pantheon. It was also more tightly surrounded by buildings, so the huge round interior would've just not been much seen from the outside. So the awing effect of walking in would've been even GREATER. Insane to think about. Great video!!
I can't believe I'm so early!!!
Amazing video Blue!! I'm always impressed with your awesome videos!! It's amazing to see how things evolve through history, and no one presents it like you do!! You guys always make me laugh!!
P.S.
DOMES!!!
I visited this in January 2020 on my last overseas trip before the pandemic struck. Got out of Italy 2 weeks before it shut down. Was a really awe inspiring place, with a nice little gluten free diet friendly restaurant near by! 10/10, would wander into again
I visited it during the summer of 2019. Very cool place! Though I had to cover my shoulders and there were tons of tourist traps outside. Fair warning to anyone visiting Rome!
How do you tell someone has difficulty processing gluten?
You don't, they'll tell you......
I love this channel. Seriously I haven’t found a single bad video from either Red or Blue!
blue you never fail to make learning history interesting and fun as a history nerd you are the best keep making these video man💖
i fuckin love it when blue talks about the romans. idk why
Because he has the most perfect combination of ridicule and respect. Its hilarious and informative
I did not appreciate the Pantheon enough when I saw it and this video, combined with almost every singe one of my courses at University, reminds me of that.
It is truly gorgeous and impressive, I just wish I could see it for the first time again, but with the ability to appreciate it properly this time.
I was pretty much going to say the same thing. I am so glad that I got to visit it all those years ago, but my appreciation is nowhere near what it would be today
The first video of the new year being Blue raving about a dome is very on brand. I approve.
It looks really remarkable from the inside and kinda strange to know that the core of the building is literally 1900 years old.
Went to Rome just when they lifted the first lockdown and managed to get into sparse and not crowded Pantheon. It was amazing
I am not kidding when I say the first time I ever saw the pantheon (the person I was traveling with who knew their way around was just sorta aimlessly walking me through the streets so I didn't know it was coming) I actually cried right there in the piazza. It is truly a gorgeous building.
The Pantheon is absolutely stunning! I was there back in 2012 for a school trip, and wow, even without any knowledge of architecture it’s just impressive as hell. Directly across from the entrance I also ate the best damn Spaghetti Carbonara of my life and the owner was super sweet and nice to us, so if you’re ever there, say hi :)
This is the kind of place that I would not have cared about if I visited, but your explanations about the architecture of the temple made me understand why it's impressive. Thank you, Blue.
Architecture one of Blue's favourite topics to talk about and also one of mine.
Having been to Rome in 2019 during the summer and visiting the Pantheon for the first time I must say, for those who haven't been there, that you absolutely have no idea how unbelievably massive the actual building is until you are close to it. Pictures and schematics simply don't do it justice. The place is absolutely massive and it's insane that it managed to be built at that time and still remain standing to this day. Hell, even my parents who are just more casual about it were surprised. Seriously, for those who want to visit Rome I must tell you not to skip the Pantheon, it's really impressive.
absolutely love the energy you have when talking about these things, part of why this channel became quickly one of my top 5 on all youtube
Great video!
And fun fact: as you can see at 3:12, the three columns on the left appear much better preserved, but that's because they were added (together with the "goofy towers" at 8:04) by famous baroque architect Bernini. And this Bernini's project kind of anticipated a fundamental contemporary principle, at least here in Italy, for restoration of historical architecture: that of distinctiveness from original elements. As you can see the material is different, and the capitals are sort of simplified to the original Corinthian ones.
The previous iterations of the pantheon have reeeaaaal strong Monty Python Holy Grail vibes. Burned down, fell over, then fell into the swamp.
I thought about Gavlenboken and Tom Scotts video on it. Similar vibes
Archeoastronomy is absolutely insane and I love it
I've got to admit, I love the BGM choices in your videos. Music from Skyrim, which is a province in a Roman inspired empire. Or the use of Two Steps From Hell in some of Red's mythology videos. They make me enjoy your channel even more.
I was a guard in the Pantheon of Rome for 25 years and so I had to interact with hundreds of tourists from all the world. I met talkative, friendly and nice visitors, others rude, arrogant and suspicious. You have no idea about how many silly questions visitors asked me. Never forgot when two south Americans asked me if the tower of Pisa was far from there.
I can get those two mistaking “tower of Pisa” as “some guy named Pisa’s tower”. Also, any other ridiculous questions you got asked?
Let's do some DOMES!!"
Unexpected but at the same time absolutely expected
I remember visiting the Pantheon back in 2012 with my art club in my senior year! The whole trip to Italy had us visiting Venice, Florance (best shopping imo) Rome, Vatican City, and Pompeii (my favorite stop on the trip) it was awesome to visit so many notable locations.
The inside of the Pantheon was truly impressive. It's such a beautiful building on the inside, a fine dome indeed~
I really wanna go back and visit other parts of Italy, I'd love to visit the city of Urbino, the episode Extra History did on it sounded so neato, and you can't beat the lovely countryside
"Intellectual property theft was the fuel that powered the empire. Also slavery." Definitely best line.
China is their modern student.
You can really tell when blue makes a video on a subject he is incredibly passionate about. Love the energy in this video, and love that dome!
The Pantheon shows the most culturally dedicated and unique showmanship of Roman architecture and craftsmanship. Its beauty is only secondary to the ingenuity it took to think of such a glorious building.
Good. Dome. 💜😅
Blue, I could listen to you talk about historic architecture for hours.
This is a man who loves him some domes.
That keystone ring thing reminds me of how Yurts work. I wouldn't an episode on whatever the biggest most permanent yurt is.
Riot just released a cinematic with PANTHEON. Blue your timing is godly man.
6:17 you don't, you just wait for the Important DayTM, put a really long stick at the center and see where the shadow touches the ground at noon. /s
Ok idk if they actually did it like that but it was probably easier to align something by observation.
Blue's existential crisis from Rome's math-flexing made my day.
Awesome video as always! I can’t wait to visit the Pantheon when I visit Rome in a few months! Thanks for the knowledge, I can’t wait to info-dump this all to my family and friends.
Also, dome good.
Nice use of the Skyrim music from 5:19 to 6:52 . Really brings out the epic-ness of the Pantheon and the enduring legacy it left behind!
How exactly does a Stone temple burn down? Also, those architects were certainly something.
Edit: Thanks guys.
My guess is they werent made from stone like the 3rd one was?
@@demoulius1529 If the co-burnings of both the American and Canadian capital buildings taught me anything, it's "well let's try again, but with less wood and more rock this time" tends to be the usual rational, yeah. //laugh//
Maybe not so much the stone facades but things like wooden supports and decorations, hangings, books and oil lamps inside? And when rock is heated enough it can explode.
Presumably it had a lot of wooden or otherwise flammable stuff on the inside. If I were to guess the roof was probably held up by wooden rafters too.
@@NixodCreations We only seem to have Herculaneum as an example, but yes, wooden rafters/beams seem to be their go to.
I suspect that the Romans may have had a fashion for wood panelling as well.
I still remember when I first walked in, I just stood there, in awe. Almost humbled that human beings could build something as 'simple' (in terms of looks) and as complex both at the same time.
GOOD👏DOMES👏
I was having a horrific day. OSP came to the rescue again. Thanks
the roman time were just fascinating and amazing like how many western ideas were started by the greeces and expanded upon by the romans so it great to learn about that time
Ahh memories of 2007 in my Roman Archaeology class. Especially of the structure of the temple, & its dome. Though the light meeting the emperor is new. Thus I regret of only having one like to give.
Does count as studying for my history exam? I feel like it should.
I went to see the Pantheon in person and I was just mesmerized by the architecture. I almost got to go on Easter Sunday, when they dump all the rose petals through the hole, but unfortunately I got sick that day.
I wish I could remember the other oculus I saw that also took my breath away. It was a few years ago now, but I went to the ruins of an underground villa with my class and there was a huge room with an oculus that was surrounded by waterways. It was amazing, especially because the oculus had remained there even while everything else was in ruins.
The Romans were excellent at Forbidden Trigonometry it seems
Blue is getting me into architecture, and I love it
To be perfectly honest, I thought the Pantheon's biggest design flaw would be having to constantly clean bird poop and drain rainwater out of Rome's biggest portal to the heavens. Much like my parents, birds enjoy shitting all over that which you love, if my halfway decent car gets coated after an hour alone in the parking lot I can't imagine immaculate marble floors fare much better.
Fun fact, when it rains, sometimes rainwater actually can't get into the Pantheon through the oculus, because the hot air that comes out from it from inside the building acts as a cushion that prevents the rainwater from going in.
@@juanpabloperezgomez4349 ......
What!
@@Blazo_Djurovic I might have exagerated a bit. :p If the rain is strong it gets into the Pantheon, or if the temperature inside is not high, but the air cushion effect does indeed happen at the oculus.
@@juanpabloperezgomez4349 Now that is architectural black magic
When I got to visit Rome, the tour guides there mentioned that the oculus’s (likely Avatar Roku inspiring) light also moves around so it stops at each of the four main “corners” of the cylinder during the solstices and the Autumnal Equinox as well as the Imperial Vernal. All in all this is my favorite building in Rome, along with those of Basilica of San Clemente, and it’s great to see a video talking about it!
0:18 Blue be spitting out the facts
I've been there two times, and I have to say that it is an incredible place, just being there in the center of the building gives you a sensation of confort.
Not going to lie, every time Blue anguished about the math I kept expecting Red to pop in with an explanation. And now that Antique Antics is officially a series...I am expecting full coverage of domes from around the world will be achieved at some point. Or an eventual dome specific mini-series entitled simply 'DOMES!!!' ....No I am not eagerly anticipating either possibility and I don't have a spread from National Geographic magazine taped to one wall in my room that is the progress of the dome...
Ahhhhh yes. Starting the year with blue talking about his beloved domes. What more could you ask for