Honestly, I love the speculative balloon thingies. So far, Prehistoric Planet has been killing it with their designs; the sauropods, the dromaeosaur and the CHUNKY T. rex!
The T. Rex was apparently an almost freakishly powerful and muscular animal, but I seriously doubt that it was that plump. Most modern predators aren't at all fat excluding bears, and even they aren't morbidly obese.
Here's my hot take: the placement, size, and method of inflation is pretty conservative. It's basically where the air-filled diverticula are known to be based on the pathways between nostrils and air sacs in the torso, and all this feature suggests is 'what if the diverticula inflated as air went to and from lungs and air sacs'. Plenty of birds get way more derived than this. This sort of display basically signals 'hey my lungs work' its nowhere near as crazy as you could get and still be plausible.
I think they're closer to throat pouches, like what frigate birds have, instead of something directly related to air sacs. Used for display and maybe amplifying vocalizations.
I think that, as long as something is reasonably justifiable, and doesn’t have anything directly contradicting it, speculative palaeontology should definitely be encouraged.
I agree but I don’t think this is the place for it. This is supposed to be the representation of what we believe dinosaurs looked like, not just what they COULD look like. Hell, one of my cousins literally thinks paleontologists make everything up. Now if I how her this as proof, who’s side do you think it better proves?
@@HunterPhenomMakoy What do you mean "what we believe dinosaurs looked like"? We literally don't know. Like, we know their general shape, we even have some details here and there (fossilized skin, feather patches and even some pigments) but that's about it. So any more detailed representation of a 'living dinosaur' might be just as if not more incorrect that this one. This is all speculation. And you should explain to your cousin that science is not about knowing the facts, it's a framework which allows us to interpret the data we have in a meaningful way. So in a way, paleontologists do actually make a lot of things up. Because they work with very limited data. But the beauty of science is that as more information gets out of the ground, the closer those speculations will get to the real world. We have proof that they existed, we have proof on what they ate, how they reproduced and even how they walked. If your cousin questions all of that because of some speculative bladders, then he or she had god awful teachers.
@@HomoErectusIsAFunnyName I don’t mean to cut the legs off your long post but what I mean by “what we believe dinosaurs look like” IS that we don’t know, that why I used “believe”, that’s what that word means.
@@HunterPhenomMakoy Maybe if you read my 'long comment' you didn't miss my point though. I tried to point out that there is no functional difference between what we believe how they looked like and how they could look like in this context. There is no one correct answer. The sacks are just as valid as no sacks.
Yeah that was my thought too. Damage from a predator is unlikely, but they could easily be snagged on foliage. They're capable of stretching and expanding so they're not going to be particularly durable. I mean there's only one similarly stretchy part of my anatomy I can think of as a reference point, and I wouldn't want to get that caught on anything sharp.
Oh this is neat, and it explains why so many Dragon books give dragons air sacks to make them lighter and able to fly. Love that they got that from something realistic!
I believe the reason for the inclusion of a baby T Rex is because of the Nanotyrannus is now believed to be a younger T Rex. Thus it gives us evidence that younger individuals were much more lean and agile than their bulkier elders. So we assume that baby Rex's must have been even more spry and were smaller prey specialists. From what I've seen most people outside of the... paleo community? Are unaware of young T Rex's more raptor like life style. Also more people outside the paleo community still assume T Rex had a thick coating of feathers because of papers that were published years ago. Now we believe they had small picnofibres at most while younger individuals had more prominent feather coating. I think these may be the reasons they have included a baby T Rex in this documentary specifically, to update people's understanding of the tyrant lizard king.
T-Rex more than likely would be lacking feathers in adulthood as their gigantothermy and (at least mesothermic) physiology wouldn’t enable for a great amount of feathers.
I'm wondering what would happen if an external airsack was bitten into by a predator? To me this seems like a feature that would have made sauropods more vulnerable if they had it.
Depending on how high the sacks start a predator big enough to reach them might be worse because they might rip open their jugular or crush their throats, unless popping the airsacks cripples them completely (cant raise their heads, cant breathe, etc)
The same way that the circulatory system is hyper redundant and able to deal with losing sections of itself, I'd imagine that such an intricate net of air sacs would also have a system of redundancies to prevent a punctured sac causing any real problems.
Back then the air was warmer. Maybe the sacks were to bring in more heat to their bodies and for sauropods they use them to cool their body from the heat of intestinal fermentation?
I also think this would be plausible given at how big they were, now I'm no biologist by any means but with a larger surface area I reckon homeostasis would be a lot harder to maintain without something extra like that.
Yes and T-rex had balon between legs on which he jumped as kangaroo, also triceratops had baloon above head and he flew as todays hot air baloons 🤦🏻♂️ To believe this shit is equal to believe in flat earth...
That seems a bit extreme of a comparison considering there are birds with this same feature and that we have proof of these air sacs on sauropods. The only speculation is if there would be any external inflation, which is fine to guess on. If you personally don’t like/believe this then fine you do you but to imply that other people are somehow making huge leaps in logic seems disingenuous
@@noahfelix6641 1. Do you have idea how huge “suck” would be needed to significant decrease their weight? You as a human , even if you have balon of your own body size, it would create negligible decrease of your weight, this is just so incredibly stupid idea, 2. You talking about air suck but I hope you know it have to be some lighter gas inside of that suck, because air would do absolutly nothing with their weight 🤦🏻♂️ so even if they had some sucks of their own bodysize, the effect will be so fckg negligible🤦🏻♂️and what is the purpose for existence to create so huge animals? Nature never do so stupid things, thats why exoskeleton is not effective above certain size, thats why we dont have 1m bugs, the same animals, the tallest animal we have is giraffe but its eftremly thin, to reduce weight, so if life was so big in prehistoric times, there have to be some external element which had something to do with gravity decrease.
I feel as if this kind of external air sac would be unlikely for a few reasons. Firstly, they seem too small to be for display; you'd need eagle eyes to be able to see them from any reasonable sauropod-scale distance. Second, they seem too small to be for sound, as they would be only able to produce higher pitched sounds at that size, which don't travel well; large animals tend to rely on deep sounds because they travel further and enable them to communicate better, and are also easy to produce when you have a large body. Thirdly, they appear to be a weak spot for the sauropods, who I would guess have evolved their large sizes in no small part for protection; giving that up and putting a delicate organ on the outside seems kind of strange to me. Birds and frogs which have throat pouches and air sacs survive by being fast and agile, something the sauropods were not. The sacs would also be in danger of getting pierced by foliage during grazing, regardless of whether the animal grazed on the ground or up in a tree.
And the best argument for what you just said is that we get a close up in the trailer. Which means that even the maker of the documentary thought it didn't look good from afar.
pitch would depend on vocal chords and throat morphology more than the size of the sacs themselves, and a lot of small ones would allow a range of volumes in both senses of the word, and perhaps even actual chords due to the different distances from sac to voice-box affecting the speed at which a given blast of air reaches the voice box it's self. . .
That's probably what it is. These things are more likely to be inflatable throat pouches, like what frigate birds, prairie chickens, and other birds have (as well as animals like frogs) that is used as display as opposed to being directly related to air sacs.
Thicker necks would be impractical I would assume, they're already taller than anything else, it need to cut back on the the amount of mass somehow. Its why giraffes also wouldn't have thicker necks.
4:00 Because the mystery! not only have we never found one, but we will probably never know the extent of how adorable they were in life! i like the creativity we see in this hypothetical representations. That would be interesting to see with baby dinosaurs too! We know that t-rex is apparently neotenous, but she may have had various adaptations to protect her as a baby, like maybe she had more quills as a baby like how cheetah cubs have crests that help protect them from badgers. They could have had different colouration patterns as juveniles, spots like fawns or lion cubs, or stripes like cassowary chicks and wild boar piglets.
Now I'm no scientist and don't claim to be all that smart. But I personally would think an internal air sac is more realistic. Purely because for something so important to allow them to move their massive bodies a air sac that's external could be more easily popped. Again I'm not that smart but that's just my initial thought when I see the neck sacs.
More on this documentary...but long form. I want to sit for an hour listening to just everything about all the dinosaurs. All. The. Dinosaurs. Every single one.
I fucking love it. Animals are weird, so dinosaurs were (probably) weird. I wanna see more speculative stuff like that. Oh, and please do longer videos on Prehistory Planet. I just found you, but I'd like to see more in depth stuff of yours
I think it's good that the designs have some speculation in them. We absolutely have no idea exactly how a dinosaur looked when they were alive, for all we know, some dinosaurs could've had rooster-like crowns, iguana-like dulaps, inflatable throat sacs, or waddles and snoots like a turkey. Yes it's more likely the designs are not how exactly dinosaurs looked but no artist renditions of dinosaurs will be 100% accurate to the animal itself, we can only make educated guesses and theories as to how these creatures looked and functioned. No matter how the dinosaurs look in the show, I will still love it because at least the dinosaurs will be treated as animals, not bloodthirsty monsters, not horror movie serial killers, but real animals that were living their lives millions of years ago without a thought of the future.
Ive just been sitting back and enjoying the show while the question "how much of this is fact and how much is speculation?" Keeps tugging on my brain stem. I gotta see that bonus content
When I saw those balloon airsacks I was overtaken by an excitement I haven't felt since I was a child that is such a fantastic piece of speculative biology!! This documentary is going to inspire so many people to learn about dinosaurs and I fucking love it
This is biggest crap ever puted out and its insult for enyone with functional brain🤦🏻♂️ air sack, do you even know that air sack doesnt make you lighter right? You have to have some lighter gas in that suck as air 🤦🏻♂️ We live in times where people believe in flat earth and that dinosaurs had air sacks 🤦🏻♂️ Idiocracy was actualy document...do you have even fckng idea how huge suposed those sack be to effectively decreas that huge weight? Just look how huge balon you need to equal human bodyweight 🤦🏻♂️...
Sometimes I wonder why sauropods are the only group of dinosaurs to evolve these weight-saving techniques, considering how air sacs are usually talked about as a dinosaurian trait rather than a sauropodomorph one. I mean, theropods have them too, but they fall within the mammalian size range.
An excellent point! I would say that it is very likely that other dinosaurs have these ways of conserving weight but there was still an upper limit to the growth we see from different body types. For one thing, bipedal animals tend to have more limitations to potential growth because they have half as many limbs supporting them. But there are a lot of other factors that could also play a part. As I said in the video though it's a combination of air sacs and hollow bones that allow birds to be light enough to fly, and since birds are a linage the descends from a branch of the theropods then it stands to reason that this is a trait that other groups of dinosaurs were making use of. Just possibly in other ways. Don't forget that also when I carnivore gets bigger, it has to continue to feed that larger body. So the cost of that can definitely also contribute.
Probably just no selective pressure to do so. Once you're big enough to threaten the largest herbivore around, getting any bigger is just wasted energy, so carnivores are never going to get bigger than the biggest herbivores (save aquatic scenarios where having a bigger mouth makes you better at eating large quantities of small prey)
Theropods did have them. Air sacs are definitely ancestral to the dinosaur lineage. Air sacs made their breathing much more efficient plus helped strengthen their bones while also making them lighter. I
For anyone interested in watching this who doesn't have/want Apple TV+ they offer a 7 day free trial and this series runs over 5 days so you can still watch it for free.
I absolutely love and respect the love there putting into the designs and found it funny when a few of my friends were all upset over the chunky rex which is the current most accurate version of a rex. I have no complaints cant wait for it to release!
I'm happy to hear you're joining the Paleo Analysis community! 😃 I feel like I need to be upfront with you though, on the topic of a video right away as this documentary comes out over five nights at the end of May... It might be slightly difficult for me to put out videos in time with these releases. May is going to be an extremely crazy month for me since I'll be moving cross country. So what I might do is do an analysis for each episode but do it later or just do one video covering the entire thing. I hope you understand and I hope I don't lose you as a sub, but I figured I'd be straight forward with you about it. ❤️
@Paleo Analysis Thanks for being upfront with me and I’ve got good news. I *won’t* unsub because I enjoy Dinosaur analysis videos like this anyway but thanks again for being upfront I like honest TH-camrs like you so thanks.
Oh my god I actually learned shit like it wasn't all drawn out and boring and filled with tangents it was just "here's what you need to know to understand this" and THANK YOU
I cannot help but think these airsacs may have been used to control the liberty of movement of the spinal column as to prevent breaking, torsion or torticollis, basically filling cavities in between the vertebrae which when filled with pressure could have acted like pressurized locks, as its a well known physic principle that pressure can be used to lift great weight quite efficiently and would have allowed dinosaur to stand headstrong without having to rely on their back muscles to hold it all up like Theropoda, or at least help in keeping it stable. Like it would use the air sacs to help with the lifting and movement of the neck and head, then keep the pressure in as to remain stable without wasting unnecessary energy while they fed. While this trait isn't present in modern long necked animals like the Giraffe, one thing to take into consideration is the angle of the neck, which would require an absurd amount of energy to keep stable using muscle mass alone and would have been very inefficient or far too rigid to be viable if it were nothing but tendons, yet it became one of the most prosperous species of the dinosaur era, so obviously they had no problem feeding themselves in an efficient manner. Think of it like using pressure to straighten an hydraulic hose intertwined with a jenga tower, but with the structure build in a way that the pressure from the tube lock the pieces in place rather than spread them apart, making the overall structure war more solid and static than a jenga tower held together by nothing but the strength of the surface friction between each pieces. It would make sense personally speaking and would explain the mystery behind their otherwise barely explainable body structure, which defy the limit of what we believed possible to begin with. It just feel like the most natural explanation, and why Sauropod would be incentivize to further develop these airsac structures as to allow ever greater size & height and therefor, less competition when it came to food sources, hence why many grew to enormous size despite it being barely useful against predators.
I thought this was going to be a video on the misconception that sauropods moved like herds of bison across the desert. There is a video right next to this one on the possibility that Denisovan hominids are preserved in the relic memories of tribal peoples. Well the relic memories of sauropods in Africa describe them as coming out of submerged burrows like salamanders, having a secretive nocturnal lifestyle and killing anything that crosses their path before going back to eating leaves.
Those throat sacs look like an easy to exploit weakness to me. Mommy fly lays eggs on the neck of these sauropods and her parasitic babies could burrow right into those throat sacs. Boom! All the food and protection from predators you could ever need to grow up into healthy adult flies.
The series seems to cover the end of the Cretaceous period and I did see a lot of grass. Some claims the grass is only 40 millions years old but there was also a lot of other plants that looked very modern as well.
How can air sacs make the animal lighter if they're outside of the body in addition to the body? They only make the animal lighter if they replace actual parts of the body that would otherwise be flesh.
Quick note on that post-video bit: we actually have found a baby tyrannosaurus, but it was in around late 2020 to early 2021, so it probably flew over the radar for most people.
I mean I definitely think it’s possible that some sauropods had this air sac display system going on. Dicraeosaurids such as Amargasaurus had those infamous spines which has recently been interpreted as a sail much that like of Dimetrodon which was likely for display. So for at least some species to utilize air sacs on their necks for display isn’t too farfetched to me especially since some modern birds utilize air sacs for display purposes. You also have to appreciate the level of thought they put in when doing this, because instead of giving them one large & heavy inflatable waddle like i’ve seen in some paleoart, they instead went with multiple small ballon-like sacs this way it wouldn’t weigh the neck down as much.
@@jackrutledgegoembel5896 basically the reason they thought Amargasaurus had keratin covered spines was due to striations that matched that of modern bison, however a recent study saw that the striations were not numerous enough and that instead the growth pattern of the spines were consistent in being covered in skin. The idea of it being just a really large muscular hump doesn’t seem likely due to the lack of muscle or ligament scarring. Also (in my personal opinion) the spines were unnecessarily long for that purpose and having a muscle that huge would be really expensive to maintain (energetically) with the only real reason to evolve a neck THAT muscular would probably be combat reasons but there hasn’t been any report of possible combat adaptations in their necks, unlike Apatosaurus and Brontosaurus. Its not really outlandish to think it evolved such an elaborate display structure because modern archosaurs are just show-offy animals in general, take the tail fan of a peacock for instance. So i’m team “double neck sail”, but I do understand the debate and it’s impossible to say for certain
aesthetically, I don't like them... I'm all for speculation and theorizing, and the air sac theory is an interesting one... I'm just personally not a big fan of what look like oranges lined up going down both sides of the neck. Still incredibly excited for this series though. It's pretty much all I've talked about since the trailer dropped, and I'm pretty sure my wife and friends are already tired of hearing about it. 😂
I agree. If they were for display, they would be brightly colored. If they are for breathing, I can't think of any analog, and it makes little sense anatomically. Simply puffing up the neck seems more likely.
@@EnzoTrash I agree. I bet they justify this obvious click bait by saying that this is one possible adaptation. Personally, I would like it if they used the most likely adaptation. This makes it look like the producers are inventing something just to get attention.
I like seeing speculation in paleontology because the truth of the matter is that we really don't know! We can only make reasonable guesses, and that's still a great way of learning. Plus, the little balloon sacs on the neck made me laugh really hard, so I have to give them credit for making my day.
I think it’s almost certain they don’t look like this, I mean the look of the air sacks. Nature is not “designed” and this looks so artificial, literally stick a perfect line of perfectly circular spheres on the neck like come on.. Just look at birds, some looks even crazier, but the difference is you can “see” the evolution behind them, almost a feeling of it looks so bizarre but also so right, I can’t say I got that feeling from these basketballs.
Love the idea that, if they did have air sacs, it may be to assist in cooling down their large size ; even as reptiles overheating has to be an issue, giant inflatable sacs possibly derived from the lungs means lots of cool air entering the blood stream
It is a good representation but we also have to accept that everything is a theory of the physical acceptance of animals. For me they look very good but since 2018 there is a boom of supposed aspiring paleontologists who hate the new series because it looks like Jurassic world when it is not the case.
While we can’t know what the air sacs looked like on sauropods, we do know what air sacs look like on modern birds, so why not just base it on that? Or just the logic that important things tend to be inside the body lol.
Yeah but also the Frigate Bird exists so there’s at least some precedent. Not to mention that biology isn’t always about what’s logically most effective, just what reproduces. Just look at the Babirusa
@@noahfelix6641 I’m not at all saying it couldn’t have been that way, but in deciding in verses out, it’s kinda a zebras and hoof beats thing. And in regards to biologically effective vs what reproduces, I would say it’s kinda the same thing. Now maybe we could say this is early in the evolution, but the air sacs outside the body are undeniably more fragile, and we know it’s just as easy to be inside the body (and is the norm) as outside, so I just think they took some EXTREME creative liberties for what is supposed to be the next step in dinosaur realism. Again I’m not saying it CANT be external, but having two options doesn’t automatically make it a coin flip. That’s what I mean by logical. The biology doesn’t have to be logical, but when we can’t know the answer, I think we need to go with the more logical option.
Thoughts on mokele mbembe? Some are said to have dorsal fins and those are larger as big or bigger than an elephant while the ones without are as big as a small elephant or Hippo
I'm far from being an expert in this field, but as far as i know we have at least likely found teenage T-Rex as i've read that Nanotyrannus is most likely a subadult specimen.
Isn't Jane considered to be a juvenile trex? or are we talking legit straight out of the nest? also was really hoping this video would cover more speculative sauropod art like that nightmare inducing sauropod with a trunk from intro to paleo art classes
I think the ubiquity of the babyrex is less paleontological than narrative - it's about telling a story. If you go back to the original Walking with series, you can see a few simple core narratives: baby grows up, adult seeks mate, survival struggles, senior loses primacy/dies. They're emotionally resonant.
It’s very possible. A lot of birds, frogs, reptiles do have air sacs as displays. To tell mates and rivals “hey; I am healthy and fit.” It’s possible that some sauropod species have this. I like that there are artist liberties of soft tissues. Dew laps, wattles, Gular skin, Casque etc. We did found soft tissue imprint of Edmontosaurus showing a neat bulb on its head. Its a lot better than the Jurassic park’s dilophosaurus frill thing.
I have been following your series on the development of our world, period by period. Until I came to the Ordovician. I have not been able to find an episode on the Silurian or any other later period. Did you stop doing them?
That was the most recent one I did so far but the script for the Silurian video is currently in the works. I have been unable to put anything out recently because I have been moving but rest assured the rest of the series is coming.
If the air filling those sacs is the same air as comes from the atmosphere they can't make the animal lighter. That would be like an inflated tire weighing less than a flat, which doesn't happen. All it would do is decrease internal density.
My biggest pet peeve is how the predatory dinosaurs are constantly roaring. T-rex on the hunt? Make sure it's roaring. Sneaking up on prey? Throw in some roars. _Any_ other living things in its vicinity? Make sure it's roaring so everything knows how badass it is. You know, like how _all_ modern predators are.
I draw them with thick ass necks, like a penguin. air sacs would be the only way they could have that. But a lot of air sacks means a lot of things in the way of the tracia, so it can be used for protection and stability.
My first impression (at 0:35) was, *DAMN!* Those are some *big-ass ticks!* By 2:55, I grok a little better -- but which modern dinotheria haul their flight bladders around externally, again? I know a few that inflate them for courtship, but hauling luggage outside the skin sort of defeats the purpose of making the overall structure less dense (ergo, lighter) - doesn't it?
Personally, I don’t think it should bother people. We’ll never know 100% what dinosaurs looked like, and so as long as speculation is within reason it shouldn’t be discouraged. I’m just VERY glad we’re moving from skin wrapping.
@@julievonhaeften8323 lol thats because we will never have that type of information on dinosaurs. what do you know about dinosaurs that these scientists dont?
@@julievonhaeften8323 which is pretty much paleontology when the only thing leftover are some leftover bones 65 million years ago, we can get information from them but we cant always get the whole picture, paleontology is contanstly being updated, what makes you think that the way we currently see dinosaurs will seem like how we view paleontology from the 1800s in the future?
An interesting bit of speculation. Similar to what frogs have. Overall, Prehistoric Planet here can have interesting speculative theories, just like with the Walking With series.
I suspect - with absolutely no proof i have to admit - that the frogs evolved to be on the outside as they evolved smaller,. It became an adaptation particular to them, since it is integral to how they communicate.
Wait, how would external air sacs do anything to make an animal lighter on land? Does this imply that they're filled with a lighter-than-air gas? Internal air sacs filled with ground-level air would merely displace what would otherwise be flesh or bone, which I think is what we see in birds. But externally, it's air displacing air, just with extra flesh. Is there something I'm missing? Maybe it implies a partially aquatic existence? Perhaps water was the safest place to sleep, and they inflated the air sacs to keep their heads afloat while they rested?
Technically, air sacks do not allow dinosaurs to be lighter. If you put a balloon inside the car, it doesn't make the car 'lighter'. The mass of the car will slightly increase in fact. But they would be less dense. With lower body density dinosaurs had more buoyancy in the water. But how did it help on land? Interesting topic.
i think the idea would be similar to what we see in all flying birds, their skeleton is porous (filled with air) to reduce weight to make flying feasible. In the same way these giants made their body, especially the upper parts, porous (internal air bags) in order to make growing to such sizes feasible, like how many tons can four legs lift up before the knees explode? Their struggle to grow larger might have been driven by constant pressure from other titan sized predators, also like giraffes the tree top bounties might have been a factor.
I think they are gonna show us they had air sacks because in the background I didn't really see any if them have the air sacks so I think they'll show us and then move on.
1:42 I don't think you can compare Whales and Sauropods when you talk about their lungs. An ocean dweller doesn't have the same lung plan, therefore strength the same way an animal similar in size but built for the land to have . I don't see the relation between Whales and Sauropods when mentioning how the lungs would be crushed by the animals own weight.
It's so hard for me not to burst into "This is a stupid!". But I am reminded of 1800s "Dinosaurs related to birds and some were bipedal?! This is stupid!", mid 1900s "Theropods didn't stood upright like a Kangaroos?! This is stupid!", 1990s "Dinosaurs were feathered, This is stupid!" Paleontology and science should be in the safe area between "This is Stupid" conservatism and wild fanfics based on still experimental studies. In my opinion it was a mistake, I'd say we simply didn't "Digest' this knowledge well enough yet.
While internal air sacks make a lot of sense to provide shape and positioning of body parts, when light weight is of great value, I do not see where external air sacks would be useful, outside of the possible visual appeal. They do not provide any benefit when it comes to body structure, and look highly susceptible to many types of damages and also just wear.
Honestly, I love the speculative balloon thingies. So far, Prehistoric Planet has been killing it with their designs; the sauropods, the dromaeosaur and the CHUNKY T. rex!
The Rex literally has a dad bod.
@@countlazuli8753 prehistoric beer belly
THICC DADDY REX
It is cool how much they clash and push the boundaries of science and creative speculation, they look real goofy just like all animals are
The T. Rex was apparently an almost freakishly powerful and muscular animal, but I seriously doubt that it was that plump. Most modern predators aren't at all fat excluding bears, and even they aren't morbidly obese.
Here's my hot take: the placement, size, and method of inflation is pretty conservative. It's basically where the air-filled diverticula are known to be based on the pathways between nostrils and air sacs in the torso, and all this feature suggests is 'what if the diverticula inflated as air went to and from lungs and air sacs'. Plenty of birds get way more derived than this. This sort of display basically signals 'hey my lungs work' its nowhere near as crazy as you could get and still be plausible.
You're drawing now aren't you?... 👀😂
@@PaleoAnalysis I wish! It's on my agenda for tomorrow lol. Definitely motivating me to bump up my titanosaurs of Kaimere video
I think they're closer to throat pouches, like what frigate birds have, instead of something directly related to air sacs. Used for display and maybe amplifying vocalizations.
@@minutemansam1214 I mean either would be plausible.
@@PaleoAnalysis Well there is a theory that nannotyrannus was a young T rex and then people whobelieved in the hypothosis were right
I think that, as long as something is reasonably justifiable, and doesn’t have anything directly contradicting it, speculative palaeontology should definitely be encouraged.
Absolutely! But then again I also very much enjoy speculative evolution projects like the work of Dugal Dixon so I may be biased. 😅
I agree but I don’t think this is the place for it. This is supposed to be the representation of what we believe dinosaurs looked like, not just what they COULD look like.
Hell, one of my cousins literally thinks paleontologists make everything up. Now if I how her this as proof, who’s side do you think it better proves?
@@HunterPhenomMakoy What do you mean "what we believe dinosaurs looked like"? We literally don't know. Like, we know their general shape, we even have some details here and there (fossilized skin, feather patches and even some pigments) but that's about it. So any more detailed representation of a 'living dinosaur' might be just as if not more incorrect that this one. This is all speculation.
And you should explain to your cousin that science is not about knowing the facts, it's a framework which allows us to interpret the data we have in a meaningful way. So in a way, paleontologists do actually make a lot of things up. Because they work with very limited data. But the beauty of science is that as more information gets out of the ground, the closer those speculations will get to the real world. We have proof that they existed, we have proof on what they ate, how they reproduced and even how they walked. If your cousin questions all of that because of some speculative bladders, then he or she had god awful teachers.
@@HomoErectusIsAFunnyName I don’t mean to cut the legs off your long post but what I mean by “what we believe dinosaurs look like” IS that we don’t know, that why I used “believe”, that’s what that word means.
@@HunterPhenomMakoy Maybe if you read my 'long comment' you didn't miss my point though.
I tried to point out that there is no functional difference between what we believe how they looked like and how they could look like in this context. There is no one correct answer. The sacks are just as valid as no sacks.
My first thought is the placement of an inflating air sac on the skin that far up the neck would risk damage during grazing.
Yeah that was my thought too. Damage from a predator is unlikely, but they could easily be snagged on foliage. They're capable of stretching and expanding so they're not going to be particularly durable. I mean there's only one similarly stretchy part of my anatomy I can think of as a reference point, and I wouldn't want to get that caught on anything sharp.
@@yewtewbstew547 well said beautiful comment. and ouch
Oh this is neat, and it explains why so many Dragon books give dragons air sacks to make them lighter and able to fly. Love that they got that from something realistic!
It’s nice that they added a bit of speculation, and I personally enjoy the new models.
I think its a cop out
່5
I believe the reason for the inclusion of a baby T Rex is because of the Nanotyrannus is now believed to be a younger T Rex. Thus it gives us evidence that younger individuals were much more lean and agile than their bulkier elders. So we assume that baby Rex's must have been even more spry and were smaller prey specialists.
From what I've seen most people outside of the... paleo community? Are unaware of young T Rex's more raptor like life style.
Also more people outside the paleo community still assume T Rex had a thick coating of feathers because of papers that were published years ago. Now we believe they had small picnofibres at most while younger individuals had more prominent feather coating.
I think these may be the reasons they have included a baby T Rex in this documentary specifically, to update people's understanding of the tyrant lizard king.
T-Rex more than likely would be lacking feathers in adulthood as their gigantothermy and (at least mesothermic) physiology wouldn’t enable for a great amount of feathers.
they also have found baby trex fossils before, in 2021
I'm wondering what would happen if an external airsack was bitten into by a predator? To me this seems like a feature that would have made sauropods more vulnerable if they had it.
Depending on how high the sacks start a predator big enough to reach them might be worse because they might rip open their jugular or crush their throats, unless popping the airsacks cripples them completely (cant raise their heads, cant breathe, etc)
I like to imagine it made a sad balloon sound when periced
They weren't exposed all the time! It looks like a male inflating them to attract females
@@Whomobile best comment
The same way that the circulatory system is hyper redundant and able to deal with losing sections of itself, I'd imagine that such an intricate net of air sacs would also have a system of redundancies to prevent a punctured sac causing any real problems.
Back then the air was warmer. Maybe the sacks were to bring in more heat to their bodies and for sauropods they use them to cool their body from the heat of intestinal fermentation?
I also think this would be plausible given at how big they were, now I'm no biologist by any means but with a larger surface area I reckon homeostasis would be a lot harder to maintain without something extra like that.
Yes and T-rex had balon between legs on which he jumped as kangaroo, also triceratops had baloon above head and he flew as todays hot air baloons 🤦🏻♂️ To believe this shit is equal to believe in flat earth...
That seems a bit extreme of a comparison considering there are birds with this same feature and that we have proof of these air sacs on sauropods. The only speculation is if there would be any external inflation, which is fine to guess on. If you personally don’t like/believe this then fine you do you but to imply that other people are somehow making huge leaps in logic seems disingenuous
@@noahfelix6641 1. Do you have idea how huge “suck” would be needed to significant decrease their weight? You as a human , even if you have balon of your own body size, it would create negligible decrease of your weight, this is just so incredibly stupid idea, 2. You talking about air suck but I hope you know it have to be some lighter gas inside of that suck, because air would do absolutly nothing with their weight 🤦🏻♂️ so even if they had some sucks of their own bodysize, the effect will be so fckg negligible🤦🏻♂️and what is the purpose for existence to create so huge animals? Nature never do so stupid things, thats why exoskeleton is not effective above certain size, thats why we dont have 1m bugs, the same animals, the tallest animal we have is giraffe but its eftremly thin, to reduce weight, so if life was so big in prehistoric times, there have to be some external element which had something to do with gravity decrease.
@Boris P
Today I learned that Zebra is the tallest animal.
I think it’s a fair assumption that they weren’t external air sacs, however I do appreciate the speculation and perspective this brings
I feel as if this kind of external air sac would be unlikely for a few reasons. Firstly, they seem too small to be for display; you'd need eagle eyes to be able to see them from any reasonable sauropod-scale distance. Second, they seem too small to be for sound, as they would be only able to produce higher pitched sounds at that size, which don't travel well; large animals tend to rely on deep sounds because they travel further and enable them to communicate better, and are also easy to produce when you have a large body. Thirdly, they appear to be a weak spot for the sauropods, who I would guess have evolved their large sizes in no small part for protection; giving that up and putting a delicate organ on the outside seems kind of strange to me. Birds and frogs which have throat pouches and air sacs survive by being fast and agile, something the sauropods were not. The sacs would also be in danger of getting pierced by foliage during grazing, regardless of whether the animal grazed on the ground or up in a tree.
Essentially my same hot take when I first saw them.
hmmm i thought u were gonna say its stupid but ur making a lot of sense right now 🤔
And the best argument for what you just said is that we get a close up in the trailer. Which means that even the maker of the documentary thought it didn't look good from afar.
pitch would depend on vocal chords and throat morphology more than the size of the sacs themselves, and a lot of small ones would allow a range of volumes in both senses of the word, and perhaps even actual chords due to the different distances from sac to voice-box affecting the speed at which a given blast of air reaches the voice box it's self. . .
They literally have fossil evidence for them
It's crazy to think how far our understanding of dinosaurs have evolved over time
It didnt evolve, they make nonsense up as they go along, no one knows how dinos really were or looked like.
@@julievonhaeften8323 People have learned things as new discoveries have been made and as technology has progressed. It's not all guesswork.
@@julievonhaeften8323 you look silly asf
@@TheDragon-v7d Probably a JP fan....
Could it also be a possibility that the air sacks were still internal and the sauropods just had way thicker necks than we thought?
That's probably what it is. These things are more likely to be inflatable throat pouches, like what frigate birds, prairie chickens, and other birds have (as well as animals like frogs) that is used as display as opposed to being directly related to air sacs.
Could be, but that would also counteract the advantages of the air sacs. It’s possible, though.
Thicker necks would be impractical I would assume, they're already taller than anything else, it need to cut back on the the amount of mass somehow. Its why giraffes also wouldn't have thicker necks.
I would love to see a video like this on each of the episodes!
While it creates an interesting vision, I don't think the sack would have been external. That would make them seriously vulnerable.
4:00 Because the mystery! not only have we never found one, but we will probably never know the extent of how adorable they were in life!
i like the creativity we see in this hypothetical representations. That would be interesting to see with baby dinosaurs too! We know that t-rex is apparently neotenous, but she may have had various adaptations to protect her as a baby, like maybe she had more quills as a baby like how cheetah cubs have crests that help protect them from badgers. They could have had different colouration patterns as juveniles, spots like fawns or lion cubs, or stripes like cassowary chicks and wild boar piglets.
Now I'm no scientist and don't claim to be all that smart. But I personally would think an internal air sac is more realistic. Purely because for something so important to allow them to move their massive bodies a air sac that's external could be more easily popped. Again I'm not that smart but that's just my initial thought when I see the neck sacs.
YOU are on TH-cam's Explore page's TOP result HIGHLITED Creator on the rise! CONGRATULATIONS!
Exactly where I came from lol
More on this documentary...but long form. I want to sit for an hour listening to just everything about all the dinosaurs. All. The. Dinosaurs. Every single one.
Who knows if there were air sacs in sauropods or not, but at the end of the day It’s an artistic interpretation.
Never found a baby T. rex skele? Damn. Wasn’t what I expected to take away from this video!
Loving the videos!
I fucking love it. Animals are weird, so dinosaurs were (probably) weird. I wanna see more speculative stuff like that.
Oh, and please do longer videos on Prehistory Planet. I just found you, but I'd like to see more in depth stuff of yours
I think it's good that the designs have some speculation in them. We absolutely have no idea exactly how a dinosaur looked when they were alive, for all we know, some dinosaurs could've had rooster-like crowns, iguana-like dulaps, inflatable throat sacs, or waddles and snoots like a turkey. Yes it's more likely the designs are not how exactly dinosaurs looked but no artist renditions of dinosaurs will be 100% accurate to the animal itself, we can only make educated guesses and theories as to how these creatures looked and functioned. No matter how the dinosaurs look in the show, I will still love it because at least the dinosaurs will be treated as animals, not bloodthirsty monsters, not horror movie serial killers, but real animals that were living their lives millions of years ago without a thought of the future.
Ive just been sitting back and enjoying the show while the question "how much of this is fact and how much is speculation?" Keeps tugging on my brain stem. I gotta see that bonus content
When I saw those balloon airsacks I was overtaken by an excitement I haven't felt since I was a child that is such a fantastic piece of speculative biology!! This documentary is going to inspire so many people to learn about dinosaurs and I fucking love it
As a person who makes his living educating people about dinosaurs, I love it too! 😂
This is biggest crap ever puted out and its insult for enyone with functional brain🤦🏻♂️ air sack, do you even know that air sack doesnt make you lighter right? You have to have some lighter gas in that suck as air 🤦🏻♂️ We live in times where people believe in flat earth and that dinosaurs had air sacks 🤦🏻♂️ Idiocracy was actualy document...do you have even fckng idea how huge suposed those sack be to effectively decreas that huge weight? Just look how huge balon you need to equal human bodyweight 🤦🏻♂️...
It looks weird as hell, and I might never get used to it, but I'm all for it
I dont understand how air sacks would make anything lighter. Its not like its helium, and its an added bit of mass, how does this help at all?
I saw those sacs and immediately thought of the prairie chicken and other grouse. Very cool.
I think a in depth video on it would be interesting, love your videos btw
Sometimes I wonder why sauropods are the only group of dinosaurs to evolve these weight-saving techniques, considering how air sacs are usually talked about as a dinosaurian trait rather than a sauropodomorph one. I mean, theropods have them too, but they fall within the mammalian size range.
An excellent point!
I would say that it is very likely that other dinosaurs have these ways of conserving weight but there was still an upper limit to the growth we see from different body types. For one thing, bipedal animals tend to have more limitations to potential growth because they have half as many limbs supporting them. But there are a lot of other factors that could also play a part. As I said in the video though it's a combination of air sacs and hollow bones that allow birds to be light enough to fly, and since birds are a linage the descends from a branch of the theropods then it stands to reason that this is a trait that other groups of dinosaurs were making use of. Just possibly in other ways.
Don't forget that also when I carnivore gets bigger, it has to continue to feed that larger body. So the cost of that can definitely also contribute.
Air sacks in therapods had the likely additional function of providing more efficient oxygen intake and consumption.
Probably just no selective pressure to do so. Once you're big enough to threaten the largest herbivore around, getting any bigger is just wasted energy, so carnivores are never going to get bigger than the biggest herbivores (save aquatic scenarios where having a bigger mouth makes you better at eating large quantities of small prey)
Theropods did have them. Air sacs are definitely ancestral to the dinosaur lineage. Air sacs made their breathing much more efficient plus helped strengthen their bones while also making them lighter. I
For anyone interested in watching this who doesn't have/want Apple TV+ they offer a 7 day free trial and this series runs over 5 days so you can still watch it for free.
Thank you for an interesting speculation. When I watched the trailer yesterday I found those air bubbles very disturbing
I absolutely love and respect the love there putting into the designs and found it funny when a few of my friends were all upset over the chunky rex which is the current most accurate version of a rex. I have no complaints cant wait for it to release!
yeah it seems to boil down to "yeah thats possible.... its just so specific of a speculative reconstruction that it seems alien."
Actually, some ichthyosaurs were larger than sauropods too.
That's why he specified "on land".
I would love to see an in depth discussion of every episode!
Every episode an analysis would be nice
Omg an analysis on every episode would be AWESOME :D!!
If I had never heard of a grouse or a great frigatebird I might think this is completely ridiculous...but this is totally plausible
Paleo Analysis: I might do an analysis for every one of the episodes
Me: Right I’m subbed.
I'm happy to hear you're joining the Paleo Analysis community! 😃
I feel like I need to be upfront with you though, on the topic of a video right away as this documentary comes out over five nights at the end of May... It might be slightly difficult for me to put out videos in time with these releases. May is going to be an extremely crazy month for me since I'll be moving cross country. So what I might do is do an analysis for each episode but do it later or just do one video covering the entire thing.
I hope you understand and I hope I don't lose you as a sub, but I figured I'd be straight forward with you about it. ❤️
@Paleo Analysis Thanks for being upfront with me and I’ve got good news.
I *won’t* unsub because I enjoy Dinosaur analysis videos like this anyway but thanks again for being upfront I like honest TH-camrs like you so thanks.
Oh my god I actually learned shit like it wasn't all drawn out and boring and filled with tangents it was just "here's what you need to know to understand this" and THANK YOU
I cannot help but think these airsacs may have been used to control the liberty of movement of the spinal column as to prevent breaking, torsion or torticollis, basically filling cavities in between the vertebrae which when filled with pressure could have acted like pressurized locks, as its a well known physic principle that pressure can be used to lift great weight quite efficiently and would have allowed dinosaur to stand headstrong without having to rely on their back muscles to hold it all up like Theropoda, or at least help in keeping it stable. Like it would use the air sacs to help with the lifting and movement of the neck and head, then keep the pressure in as to remain stable without wasting unnecessary energy while they fed. While this trait isn't present in modern long necked animals like the Giraffe, one thing to take into consideration is the angle of the neck, which would require an absurd amount of energy to keep stable using muscle mass alone and would have been very inefficient or far too rigid to be viable if it were nothing but tendons, yet it became one of the most prosperous species of the dinosaur era, so obviously they had no problem feeding themselves in an efficient manner.
Think of it like using pressure to straighten an hydraulic hose intertwined with a jenga tower, but with the structure build in a way that the pressure from the tube lock the pieces in place rather than spread them apart, making the overall structure war more solid and static than a jenga tower held together by nothing but the strength of the surface friction between each pieces. It would make sense personally speaking and would explain the mystery behind their otherwise barely explainable body structure, which defy the limit of what we believed possible to begin with. It just feel like the most natural explanation, and why Sauropod would be incentivize to further develop these airsac structures as to allow ever greater size & height and therefor, less competition when it came to food sources, hence why many grew to enormous size despite it being barely useful against predators.
I thought this was going to be a video on the misconception that sauropods moved like herds of bison across the desert. There is a video right next to this one on the possibility that Denisovan hominids are preserved in the relic memories of tribal peoples. Well the relic memories of sauropods in Africa describe them as coming out of submerged burrows like salamanders, having a secretive nocturnal lifestyle and killing anything that crosses their path before going back to eating leaves.
The fact that you included Charlie's war cry 🤣 just makes me love your channel even more. 😁
I honestly love how they dared to branch pass the norm. I think some hadrosaurs had facial skin growths and feathers or quills.
Unrelated, but I love the way the baby t. Rex moves, it's very bird-like, just how I imagine dinosaurs moving
Those throat sacs look like an easy to exploit weakness to me. Mommy fly lays eggs on the neck of these sauropods and her parasitic babies could burrow right into those throat sacs. Boom! All the food and protection from predators you could ever need to grow up into healthy adult flies.
The series seems to cover the end of the Cretaceous period and I did see a lot of grass. Some claims the grass is only 40 millions years old but there was also a lot of other plants that looked very modern as well.
How can air sacs make the animal lighter if they're outside of the body in addition to the body? They only make the animal lighter if they replace actual parts of the body that would otherwise be flesh.
Quick note on that post-video bit: we actually have found a baby tyrannosaurus, but it was in around late 2020 to early 2021, so it probably flew over the radar for most people.
I mean I definitely think it’s possible that some sauropods had this air sac display system going on. Dicraeosaurids such as Amargasaurus had those infamous spines which has recently been interpreted as a sail much that like of Dimetrodon which was likely for display. So for at least some species to utilize air sacs on their necks for display isn’t too farfetched to me especially since some modern birds utilize air sacs for display purposes.
You also have to appreciate the level of thought they put in when doing this, because instead of giving them one large & heavy inflatable waddle like i’ve seen in some paleoart, they instead went with multiple small ballon-like sacs this way it wouldn’t weigh the neck down as much.
I think there's no evidence those spines on Amargasaurus formed a sail..
@@jackrutledgegoembel5896 basically the reason they thought Amargasaurus had keratin covered spines was due to striations that matched that of modern bison, however a recent study saw that the striations were not numerous enough and that instead the growth pattern of the spines were consistent in being covered in skin. The idea of it being just a really large muscular hump doesn’t seem likely due to the lack of muscle or ligament scarring. Also (in my personal opinion) the spines were unnecessarily long for that purpose and having a muscle that huge would be really expensive to maintain (energetically) with the only real reason to evolve a neck THAT muscular would probably be combat reasons but there hasn’t been any report of possible combat adaptations in their necks, unlike Apatosaurus and Brontosaurus. Its not really outlandish to think it evolved such an elaborate display structure because modern archosaurs are just show-offy animals in general, take the tail fan of a peacock for instance. So i’m team “double neck sail”, but I do understand the debate and it’s impossible to say for certain
I loved pictures of sauropods with trunks.
Yeah I don’t know why has oranges on its neck because we don’t know if it did that or not
They're just so hecking cool- like it's so alien and crazy looking I love it 🥺👉👈
wow, from the looks ur channel is pretty good, keep it up
Those air sacs look so vulnerable to attack.
aesthetically, I don't like them... I'm all for speculation and theorizing, and the air sac theory is an interesting one... I'm just personally not a big fan of what look like oranges lined up going down both sides of the neck. Still incredibly excited for this series though. It's pretty much all I've talked about since the trailer dropped, and I'm pretty sure my wife and friends are already tired of hearing about it. 😂
I agree. If they were for display, they would be brightly colored. If they are for breathing, I can't think of any analog, and it makes little sense anatomically. Simply puffing up the neck seems more likely.
You see, the oranges are there to contrast the bananas found on the neck of Tropius. As we all know, sauropods have fruiting bodies on their necks!
/j
I agree, I think some healthy speculation is great but I dislike this particular presentation of the air sacs.
@@EnzoTrash I agree. I bet they justify this obvious click bait by saying that this is one possible adaptation. Personally, I would like it if they used the most likely adaptation. This makes it look like the producers are inventing something just to get attention.
I like seeing speculation in paleontology because the truth of the matter is that we really don't know! We can only make reasonable guesses, and that's still a great way of learning. Plus, the little balloon sacs on the neck made me laugh really hard, so I have to give them credit for making my day.
I love the trailer and enjoyed seeing the speculative designs
Air sacs would make sense in bird-like dinosaurs and even then not on all of them, I think.
Mom:What are you watching
Me:Im watching weird fish guy talk about a really intresting subject
I think it’s almost certain they don’t look like this, I mean the look of the air sacks. Nature is not “designed” and this looks so artificial, literally stick a perfect line of perfectly circular spheres on the neck like come on.. Just look at birds, some looks even crazier, but the difference is you can “see” the evolution behind them, almost a feeling of it looks so bizarre but also so right, I can’t say I got that feeling from these basketballs.
Love the idea that, if they did have air sacs, it may be to assist in cooling down their large size ; even as reptiles overheating has to be an issue, giant inflatable sacs possibly derived from the lungs means lots of cool air entering the blood stream
It is a good representation but we also have to accept that everything is a theory of the physical acceptance of animals. For me they look very good but since 2018 there is a boom of supposed aspiring paleontologists who hate the new series because it looks like Jurassic world when it is not the case.
Everybody loves T. rex, and everybody loves lil baby things. That's why.
Baby T-Rex’s are included because A) everyone loves the T-Rex and B) babies are adorable.
While we can’t know what the air sacs looked like on sauropods, we do know what air sacs look like on modern birds, so why not just base it on that? Or just the logic that important things tend to be inside the body lol.
Yeah but also the Frigate Bird exists so there’s at least some precedent. Not to mention that biology isn’t always about what’s logically most effective, just what reproduces. Just look at the Babirusa
@@noahfelix6641 I’m not at all saying it couldn’t have been that way, but in deciding in verses out, it’s kinda a zebras and hoof beats thing. And in regards to biologically effective vs what reproduces, I would say it’s kinda the same thing. Now maybe we could say this is early in the evolution, but the air sacs outside the body are undeniably more fragile, and we know it’s just as easy to be inside the body (and is the norm) as outside, so I just think they took some EXTREME creative liberties for what is supposed to be the next step in dinosaur realism.
Again I’m not saying it CANT be external, but having two options doesn’t automatically make it a coin flip. That’s what I mean by logical. The biology doesn’t have to be logical, but when we can’t know the answer, I think we need to go with the more logical option.
1:19 With a placement like that all I can imagine is intraspecific combat in a similar vein to Mario Kart balloon battles.
so would a bite/blow to the neck nearly always kill them? Like, if those air sacs were punctured, what would result?
Air = Alive
No air = Dead
Edit: probably
Thoughts on mokele mbembe? Some are said to have dorsal fins and those are larger as big or bigger than an elephant while the ones without are as big as a small elephant or Hippo
I'm far from being an expert in this field, but as far as i know we have at least likely found teenage T-Rex as i've read that Nanotyrannus is most likely a subadult specimen.
Isn't Jane considered to be a juvenile trex? or are we talking legit straight out of the nest? also was really hoping this video would cover more speculative sauropod art like that nightmare inducing sauropod with a trunk from intro to paleo art classes
Yup, time to use that 7-day free AppleTV trial in May. Can't wait!
I think the ubiquity of the babyrex is less paleontological than narrative - it's about telling a story. If you go back to the original Walking with series, you can see a few simple core narratives: baby grows up, adult seeks mate, survival struggles, senior loses primacy/dies. They're emotionally resonant.
It’s very possible. A lot of birds, frogs, reptiles do have air sacs as displays. To tell mates and rivals “hey; I am healthy and fit.”
It’s possible that some sauropod species have this. I like that there are artist liberties of soft tissues. Dew laps, wattles, Gular skin, Casque etc.
We did found soft tissue imprint of Edmontosaurus showing a neat bulb on its head.
Its a lot better than the Jurassic park’s dilophosaurus frill thing.
The idea of air sacks is good. But I think those in the series just look bad, and not a placement that would make sense.
I have been following your series on the development of our world, period by period. Until I came to the Ordovician. I have not been able to find an episode on the Silurian or any other later period. Did you stop doing them?
That was the most recent one I did so far but the script for the Silurian video is currently in the works. I have been unable to put anything out recently because I have been moving but rest assured the rest of the series is coming.
If the air filling those sacs is the same air as comes from the atmosphere they can't make the animal lighter. That would be like an inflated tire weighing less than a flat, which doesn't happen. All it would do is decrease internal density.
What if they had feathers? I mean a sauropod with feathers and air sacs? Sounds like something from fiction!
My biggest pet peeve is how the predatory dinosaurs are constantly roaring. T-rex on the hunt? Make sure it's roaring. Sneaking up on prey? Throw in some roars. _Any_ other living things in its vicinity? Make sure it's roaring so everything knows how badass it is. You know, like how _all_ modern predators are.
I know it doesn’t fit with the setting of the doc really, but I’d love to hear David Attenborough say “welcome to Jurassic Park”
I draw them with thick ass necks, like a penguin. air sacs would be the only way they could have that. But a lot of air sacks means a lot of things in the way of the tracia, so it can be used for protection and stability.
I needed a video about this topic
Plot twist: we actually found only baby T-Rexes so far.
not many but a few: Baby Bob, BHI- 6439, Cupcake, Chomper
I applaud scientific speculation in prehestoric animals, instead of just the copy and paste like is usually done
good content.. I'm subscribed to your channel
My first impression (at 0:35) was, *DAMN!* Those are some *big-ass ticks!*
By 2:55, I grok a little better -- but which modern dinotheria haul their flight bladders around externally, again? I know a few that inflate them for courtship, but hauling luggage outside the skin sort of defeats the purpose of making the overall structure less dense (ergo, lighter) - doesn't it?
But why though? What use would they be to sauropods?
Personally, I don’t think it should bother people. We’ll never know 100% what dinosaurs looked like, and so as long as speculation is within reason it shouldn’t be discouraged. I’m just VERY glad we’re moving from skin wrapping.
Well it should bother ppl because they're giving false information on how dinos looked, when in reality they are making shit up as they go along.
@@julievonhaeften8323 lol thats because we will never have that type of information on dinosaurs. what do you know about dinosaurs that these scientists dont?
@@julievonhaeften8323 which is pretty much paleontology when the only thing leftover are some leftover bones 65 million years ago, we can get information from them but we cant always get the whole picture, paleontology is contanstly being updated, what makes you think that the way we currently see dinosaurs will seem like how we view paleontology from the 1800s in the future?
An interesting bit of speculation. Similar to what frogs have.
Overall, Prehistoric Planet here can have interesting speculative theories, just like with the Walking With series.
I suspect - with absolutely no proof i have to admit - that the frogs evolved to be on the outside as they evolved smaller,. It became an adaptation particular to them, since it is integral to how they communicate.
I've always wondered if a sauropod would notice if a human got on it's back like a horse lol
Wait, how would external air sacs do anything to make an animal lighter on land? Does this imply that they're filled with a lighter-than-air gas? Internal air sacs filled with ground-level air would merely displace what would otherwise be flesh or bone, which I think is what we see in birds. But externally, it's air displacing air, just with extra flesh. Is there something I'm missing?
Maybe it implies a partially aquatic existence? Perhaps water was the safest place to sleep, and they inflated the air sacs to keep their heads afloat while they rested?
Technically, air sacks do not allow dinosaurs to be lighter. If you put a balloon inside the car, it doesn't make the car 'lighter'. The mass of the car will slightly increase in fact. But they would be less dense. With lower body density dinosaurs had more buoyancy in the water. But how did it help on land?
Interesting topic.
i think the idea would be similar to what we see in all flying birds, their skeleton is porous (filled with air) to reduce weight to make flying feasible.
In the same way these giants made their body, especially the upper parts, porous (internal air bags) in order to make growing to such sizes feasible, like how many tons can four legs lift up before the knees explode? Their struggle to grow larger might have been driven by constant pressure from other titan sized predators, also like giraffes the tree top bounties might have been a factor.
I think they are gonna show us they had air sacks because in the background I didn't really see any if them have the air sacks so I think they'll show us and then move on.
As a guy who loves the Jurassic series and anything dinosaur related, I'm excited for this hopefully it does well and they'll be a few more seasons
1:42 I don't think you can compare Whales and Sauropods when you talk about their lungs. An ocean dweller doesn't have the same lung plan, therefore strength the same way an animal similar in size but built for the land to have . I don't see the relation between Whales and Sauropods when mentioning how the lungs would be crushed by the animals own weight.
It's so hard for me not to burst into "This is a stupid!". But I am reminded of 1800s "Dinosaurs related to birds and some were bipedal?! This is stupid!", mid 1900s "Theropods didn't stood upright like a Kangaroos?! This is stupid!", 1990s "Dinosaurs were feathered, This is stupid!" Paleontology and science should be in the safe area between "This is Stupid" conservatism and wild fanfics based on still experimental studies. In my opinion it was a mistake, I'd say we simply didn't "Digest' this knowledge well enough yet.
^ this
Maybe there WERE NO BABY TREXES!!! Duhbduh duuuuuuuuuun!
The baby T-Rex is the kitten of the prehistoric world. But that's my opinion. XD
While internal air sacks make a lot of sense to provide shape and positioning of body parts, when light weight is of great value, I do not see where external air sacks would be useful, outside of the possible visual appeal. They do not provide any benefit when it comes to body structure, and look highly susceptible to many types of damages and also just wear.