傑·文化-中國歷代陶瓷展-宋至清代Kit.Culture - Chinese Ceramics Exhibition - Song to Qing Dynasty

Chung kit Yu

มุมมอง 6 013

เพิ่มลงใน
- เพลย์ลิสต์ของฉัน
- ดูภายหลัง
แชร์

แชร์

ฝัง

ขนาดวิดีโอ:

แสดงแผงควบคุมโปรแกรมเล่น

เล่นอัตโนมัติ

เล่นใหม่

เผยแพร่เมื่อ 26 ส.ค. 2024
中國陶瓷製作，擁有萬年以上的悠久歷史。到宋朝時期製陶技術日趨成熟，不但可大量生產供內銷，還遠銷朝鮮、日本、東南亞及非洲沿岸國家，成為對外海上貿易主要出口商品之一。經歷元、明及清三朝，陶瓷製作更達至頂峯。期間，以高嶺土製成胎體潔白如玉的瓷器，使中國成為當時世界製瓷先鋒，成為瓷器之國"China‘’。此時期可與瓷文化比美的是文學作品，宋詞、元曲、明雜劇、清小說，都如各朝陶瓷一樣各具特色，大放異彩。本影片試以包含這些優秀文學作品(如李煜、陸游和辛棄疾的詞、西廂記、牡丹亭及紅樓夢)元素的歌曲襯托古代陶瓷之美。
展覽地點:
香港文化博物館
北宋時期，以牙白釉色和流暢華麗的刻畫花紋樣為特色的定窯白瓷，蔚為流行，其影響被及各地瓷窯。耀州窯燒造的青瓷，以橄欖青釉色為其特色。位處河南省的汝窯，於北宋末期生產宮廷用器，其優美的青瓷也影響了後來的鈞窯。而所謂「磁州窯」系的瓷窯，遍及河南省、河北省與山西省等地，善於活用白色化妝土進行裝飾，製品多元而豐富。南宋時期，於都城臨安（今杭州）設置官窯，所燒造的青瓷，以胎質灰黑、釉層肥厚為其特徵。此外，流傳於日本且廣為人知的傳世作品，如龍泉窯青瓷、建窯及吉州窯所生產的各色天目茶碗、景德鎮的青白瓷等，這些具備當地特色的陶瓷器，皆屬於當時中國各地的瓷窯蓬勃生產的產品內容。
時至元代，景德鎮的青花技法已發展完備，同時也出現了以氧化銅為顏料的釉裡紅製品。此時，青花瓷器連同龍泉窯青瓷，亦大量外銷至中近東和其他海外市場。
明代，景德鎮設置御窯廠，專門生產宮廷用器。洪武時期實施海禁，來自伊斯蘭圈的鈷料供應因此中斷，卻使釉裡紅瓷器的製作得到發展。永樂年間(1403-1424)，重啟鈷料進口。宣德年間(1426-1435)，嘗試試驗各式製作技法，生產更趨活躍。成化年間(1465-1487)，燒製的小型碗盤器物除技術純熟、完成度高外，也開始運用鬥彩技技法。
嘉靖年間(1522-1566)，為補足御窯廠的生產量，開始委託水準較高的民窯生產製作官窯製品（譯注：即所謂「官搭民燒」方式）。所製作的各色五彩器物，撼動了嚴格的官窯作風。萬曆年間(1573-1620)，五彩器物的種類明顯增加。另一方面，景德鎮民窯燒造的製品則有於五彩之上加飾金彩的金襴手(kinrande)風格以及卡拉克風格的瓷器。官窯衰退的明末清初時期，民窯生產相對活躍，並依貿易對象之喜好生產陶瓷製品。
到了清代，粉彩及琺瑯彩技術被研發成功，開始在瓷器的表面進行繪畫塗色等工藝。隨着技術的進步，各種各樣的色釉被開發出來，中國陶瓷在成形和施釉技術、描繪技法等方面都達到了前所未有的巔峰。然而在這之後，隨着清末民初社會動盪，戰亂不斷，陶瓷行業的整體水平也出現了明顯的下滑。
來源:
日本大阪市立東洋陶瓷美術館
維基百科
Chinese ceramic production has a long history of more than 10,000 years. By the Song Dynasty, the technology of pottery making became more and more mature, and it could not only be produced in large quantities for domestic sales, but also exported to ancient Korea, Japan, Southeast Asia and African coastal countries, becoming one of the main export commodities in foreign maritime trade. After the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, ceramic production reached its peak. During this period, kaolin was used to make porcelain with a white body like jade, which made China become the pioneer of porcelain making in the world at that time, and became the country of porcelain "China". In this period, the literary works that can be compared with the porcelain culture are the lyric poetry of the Song Dynasty, the Yuan Qu of the Yuan Dynasty, the operas of the Ming Dynasty, and the novels of the Qing Dynasty.This film tries to set off the ancient times with songs that contain elements of these excellent literary works (such as the words of Li Yu, Lu You and Xin Qiji, The Story of the West Chamber, The Peony Pavilion and The Dream of Red Mansions). The beauty of ceramics.
Exhibition Venue:
Hong Kong Heritage Museum
The Song Dynasty was a peak in the development of Chinese ceramics. At that time, the court set up many official kilns, among which Ding kiln white porcelain and Ru kiln celadon represented the highest level at that time, and their products were classic in terms of shape and color. At the same time, there are also Cizhou kilns, Yaozhou kilns, Longquan kilns, Jian kilns, Jizhou kilns and other distinctive porcelain production bases in South China and North China. Among them, the most influential and leading the development of Chinese ceramic history is Jingdezhen kiln in Jiangxi Province.
In the Yuan Dynasty, China began to produce blue-and-white porcelain using cobalt pigments and exported it in large quantities, becoming a popular commodity in the Islamic world and Europe.
In the Ming Dynasty, Jingdezhen kilns became the center of China's ceramics industry, producing a large number of blue-and-white and multicolored ceramics with painting decorations. From the late Ming Dynasty to the early Qing Dynasty, the folk kilns in Jingdezhen and the Zhangzhou kilns in Fujian exported a large number of porcelains with different styles from the official kilns, which were exported to Portugal, the Netherlands, Japan and other places.
In the Qing Dynasty, the pastel (enamel color) technology using the Qibao technique was successfully developed, and techniques such as painting and coloring began to be performed on the surface of porcelain. With the advancement of technology, various color glazes have been developed, and Chinese ceramics have reached an unprecedented peak in terms of forming and glazing techniques, drawing techniques, etc. However, after that, with the social turmoil in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, the overall level of the ceramic industry also declined significantly.
Source:
Toyo Ceramics Museum, Osaka, Japan
Wikipedia