Thanks for stopping by and watching this one on how Native Americans acquired horses; if you enjoyed it please let me know with a cheeky thumbs up, and if there's anything you'd like to know or want to add please feel free to do so in the comments below! New uploads every Wednesday and Saturday so stay tuned for more! If you want more about Native Americans check out my video on Dances With Wolves: th-cam.com/video/UADgce1fYa4/w-d-xo.html
I'm Sioux and you smashed every nail on the head. During your video I was ok what about this?....than you would mention it right after. Good work. Hoka Hey!
Really enjoying these native American vids. Was the British explorer, that stayed with the Blackfeet tribe elders, not called "David" Thompson. Easy mistake though if so. 👍
Well done, Hilbert! As an U.S. archaeologist specializing on Northern Plains prehistory, your overview was pretty spot on. Some of the most exciting sites I've worked on have been Protohistoric camps with metal arrowheads, trade beads, and other Euroamerican objects mixed with traditional camp features, stone tools, and the like. I swear sometimes that I can still smell the burning cottonwood in some of those old buried firehearths. If you're ever out this way again, do visit the reservations, just even to enjoy their love of horses. A very famous US. horse breed developed by the Nez Perce is the beautiful Appaloosa.
Hey Brad, thanks so much for sharing this with me - I'd love to do some archaeology in the States if I get the chance - I'm sure the weather would make a nice change from that in the North East of England where I have done some digging! Any chance you'd be able to drop me a line so I can ask you some more about what you find?
Brad N have you heard about the Appaloosa horses in Kyrgyzstan? The Nez Perce, of which I am, have claimed to have had Appaloosa horses for thousands of years.
The Oijibwe tribe of Northern Wisconsin where I live drove the the Sioux tribe out of Northern Wisconsin and Minnesota with guns the Oijibwe got though the fur trade with the French. The Oijibwe had more guns than any other Native tribe at that time and even European settlers. I also used to live in the Four Corners region of New Mexico in Farmington for a time where I learned about Navajo culture as well. The name Anasizi means something like ancient enemy or ancestor of my enemy because the Navajo were at war with the Pueblo tribe who in turn named the the Navajo which means head basher in Pueblo. The Navajo call themselves Dene. I have seen Pueblo sites at Mesa Verde in Colorado and at Aztec a town in New Mexico between Farmington, NM and the mountain town of Durango, Colorado.
There is this perception that the fee ch were such wonderful colonial masters and were much nicer. Let me tell you that the French wiped out whole tribes too. The French were also more shrewd and conniving by playing tribes against one another - a practice that eventually led to the French and Indian War, which exploded because of a convoluted knot of tribal and European power alliances similar to the situation leading up to WW1 in Europe. The Franco-Anglo proxy wars boiled over with European impetus. The only way to view that war is through the Native American perspective, as for us it was essentially a Native war that white people got to come along for. We were involved in every aspect of the fighting from naval battles and backwoods skirmishes to massive pitched battles and seiges. It was our war. And it also marked the end of our status as independent entities that European powers had to court and and use diplomacy towards in order to win our favor. It was the ebd of colonial America and the beginning of the new America that had no consideration and no time and no room for us - and still doesn't.
Alot of french married American indians also this is where cajons came from as they spoke french & were kicked from canada so they ended up in louisiana basically the swamps & their language changed because of inter marriage & now they speak their own language!
@@pattihainline1573 Well, you've got the gist of it at least. I think you mean the Cajuns, not cajons(en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caj%C3%B3n). Cajun is a corruption of Acadien. Their dialect of French is, somewhat, unique. Heavily influenced by American English and Spanish, with a dash of indigenous and African loan words.It is certainly not Parisian French and never was. Frankly, If you go to France and speak Cajun, you would have a difficult time making yourself understood. Much as some Quebecois guys I knew did.
The horse was such a game changer for Native American Tribes and no other mastered the horse as well as the Comanche that is why they were “The Lords of the Southern Plains.”
@themailman43 Actually, Antonio Perales del Hierro is right. the Comanche did stop the Spanish going north- for well over a hundred years- because they were such incredible warriors fighting on horseback- horse archers. And they used lances a dozen feet long. They would pincushion the Spaniards with arrows. The Spanish firearms were slow to reload, as were their crossbows. Now, if the Spanish could have put together an overwhelmingly large army, yes, they could have "beaten" the Comanche and pushed further North. But they couldn't. That of course would also be true of Mexico today- if they could put together an army of millions, they could overrun the U.S., despite our advantages in weaponry and training. The Comanche also kept white settlers coming from the East and North out of their territory for decades. Eventually, disease decimated their populations and there were more and more settlers. It is estimated that there were never more than about 30,000 Comanche, including men, women and children. They probably could field about 5,000 - 8,000 warriors- but never at the same time and place.
@themailman43 I do think they did. I know they did- time and again. But for over a hundred years, they could not eliminate the Comanche- couldn't beat them. Those incredible horse archers... just too tough. Now, if they had moved a great deal of soldiers from other places- thousands of them- they probably could have. Of course, they would then have lost the territories they had taken those soldiers from. They were in a tough situation- and those thousands of horse archers made it impossible to beat them, given their resources- even though they were one of the most powerful countries in the world.
@@brettdillingham Except one defeat, reprisal of Spanish against Comanches were successful. A hundred of Mexican soldiers, used to the country, backed by Indian allies, were enough to defeat Comanches and burn their villages. But orders had to be sent from Madrid, and the Crown of Spain saw no point in this costly expeditions : no new resources to take possession of, no capital city to seize to end the war, no conversion to Christianity to hope. Read Georges Hydes, Indians of the High Plains
In Nitsitapoisin the language of the Nitsitapiiks (Blackfoot) we call horses Ponokamita which literally translates to "Elk-Dog". Combining the words Ponoka "Bō-nō-kah" (elk), and Imiita "ēmē-tah" (dog).
We were the only tribe that went from Canada to the Spanish speaking lands just to steal horses. We went enmass and the southern tribes moved out of the way until we returned back home up north except a small group which stayed in the Red River area.
@@rockthered8706 I find the study of American Indian peoples fascinating. Calling them "first " is absurd. American Indians killed and stole etc. as much as anyone, but they didn't write it down. "If we all got our just desserts, none of us will escape a whipping."
@@rockthered8706 I'm an Indian, pal. The majority of us in the Southeast and Oklahoma (those removed from the Southeast) prefer that term and we don't need outsiders deciding what we need to be called.
@@PalmettoNDN i am aware many identify that way, I meant it to mean the indigenous people of the continent as a whole. I know I’m really ignorant about the topic, something I am interested in though.
There's some really cool artwork of them hiding in the mangrove swamps from US Marines so I might look into it as other than that I know very little about them!
Easily the best book on the Comanche. Helps to dispel some of the myths carried forward by C.S. Gwynne's book. Gwynne's book is a great book, but he is not a historian , Hamaleninen is and the difference in information is astonishing.
I'm a Comanche native and it's always nice to see videos on my culture as I'm a city boy in Dallas I don't really have much actual traditions that I practice but I'm very much interested in old history
Please dont loose your history. Im a North European and you'd have to go back 1000 years to call my ancestors a tribe... but realistly almost 2000 as a tribe in the way you might view it. Most of our history has been lost. But in my local area there are still some landmarks noted by the ancient beliefs those people thought/guessed created them. We know a bit of those times - but so much will never be recovered. Dont make the same mistakes we did. I'll call myself an ancestor of Bernicia. Tho that is inaccurate. My physical appearance is exactly the same as the Romans described us before Christ was born. Not tall. Very stocky and muscular. Black hair. Green or brown eyes. We are a stubbon lot up here. Wont give up the land easily to French or Norse invaders easily ;) But back on topic. Your history is something to be proud of. I hope you at some point attend some event celebrating it and visit important landmarks. Your culture and your ancestors will never leave you :)
Prehistoric people in the Americas use to hunt them. For example the Hippidion of South America. They went extinct about 8000 years ago. Read - en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hippidion
Very great video Hilbert glad that you’re covering my continent again! The Anasazi culture is fascinating and yet very mysterious! Especially how we don’t know why they abandoned the clefts.
Interesting topic: I'd be happy to see more coverage of Native American history here. We can get a few additional glimpse into the way the various tribes saw horses when they first encountered them via the names they coined: many such terms compare horses to dogs, which, as you mention, they already used as beasts of burden: the Blackfeet called the horses 'ponoka-mita' (elk dogs), the Assiniboin 'šųgatąga' (big dog), and the Lakota (Sioux) 'sunkawakan' ('mysterious dog' or 'holy dog')
Legend has it that Geronimo wanted to marry the most beautiful girl in the tribe. But her father despised Geronimo, so he set the price at 100 horses, knowing there was no way the marriage would happen. Several weeks later, the thunder of hoofbeats was heard, before Geronimo came into camp at the head of a herd of horses. He had stolen them from the Mexicans. And......a deal is a deal. The father had no choice.
US Army mounted Cavalry and Ranger Companies were the best horsemen on the Great Plains - which is why they dominated the American Indians (And yes, that's been their proper names for 4 centuries) and won the Western Frontiers, turning the country into a technologically advanced and space-faring Superpower.
@@isolinear9836 yes. the colt revolver made them superior. Samuel colt is a hero. from now on, the Indians only fled if they saw the cavalry. Custer was really annoyed by that. he was used as a commander to fight and defeat conderatey cavalary (wich generally were of better quality than the union ones) even in close combat wich sometimes outnumbered him 2:1. he didn't run like the Indians. they only had a Chance when they ambushed them with far superior numbers.
@@berserk9085 I made a response, but TH-cam is censoring/auto-censoring it - the staff and alogrithm leans left VERY hard, and suppresses any facts that might endanger its fantasy ideologies - which is quite typical given they're built on Lies. The Truth requires greater context, so I'll try to get the comment past the censor by isolating the paragraphs:
Colt revolvers aren't what make horseman, nor a Horse Culture - Horse Cultures are first and foremost about breeding, raising, training, and economics to ride and utilize horses. The more tightly coordinated this training and control of the horse, the more adept and powerful maneuver warfare becomes - horse and rider becoming one - the mark of horsemanship. The Indians were the lesser in EVERY one of these regards compared to US Army Cavalry and Rangers, from their lack of ability to breed horses properly*1, to their inability to raise them properly and healthily*2, to their inability to create the intricate equipment, saddles, stirrups, spurs, shoes, etc*3, to their lack of sophisticated training and horsemanship*4, etc, all the way down to the campaigns where the Indian warriors were run down consistently by better and more adept horseman*5. There is NO debate on this subject by any knowledgeable man, let alone anybody who deals with horses. TH-cam's predisposition to claim that Indians were better horseman is laughable, borne of ignorance, fanciful political-correctness, and prejudice. EDIT: The sections being censored regard the Indian lifestyle and way of warfare - it's a fabrication to claim that the settlers "were as bad as the Indians", or "broke treaties", but even the sections with the names of the treaties are being censored by TH-cam - I'm not going to rewrite everything, as this has taken too long, but a little research and skepticism by yourself should suffice to overturn the Hollywood Lies about "Civilized Indians"....
Very interesting, most popular native American history sources concentrate on interactions with Europeans. It's good to see a focus on intertribal relations.
An interesting related tidbit. Wild horses are considered invasive species as a result of them being introduced to the Americas but are left alone despite debates on their continued presence in a lot of parks and reserves in the Southwest and Midwest.
Florence and the Machine has a song called Dog Days. There's a line that was going through my head, "The Dog days are over, the dog days are done, the horses are coming, so you better run"
Imagine being one of the earliest Natives who ate the last horse for thousands of years before the Spanish came and you somehow found out that last horse you ate could have been used to travel long distances instead of just for food.
Empire of the Summer Moon is a good place to start but is a terrible History book. I would recommend reading Comanche Empire by Pekka Hämäläinen. He has also just finished a book on the Lakota. If your interested in the Comanche I recomend War of a Thousand Deserts by Brian DeLay and The Comanches: A History by Thomas Kavanagh.
I second your characterization of Empire of the Summer Moon. Gwyne frequently characterizes Native American groups as "savages" and makes language choices which serve to other-ize and exoticize Native Americans.
@@MrHanderson91 for starters it literally does History poorly. There are lots of spelling errors and inconsistencies, its bibliography mis-cites other books and primary documents. It's a pretty useless if you want to do any further research. It also does little in comparison to the other books I mentioned to explain who the Comanche were and how their nation operated. It treats them more like a force of nature than a group of people. It also uses "Savages" and "Uncivilized" a bit too often for my liking. That being said you wouldn't really know that, if it was your first book on the aubject. It's only apparent when you read other books on the Comanche.
I was going to recommend Comanche Empire by Hammaleinen. Excellent book that describes how the Comanche dominated the Spanish settlers in New Mexico and Texas and ranged far and wide taking native and European slaves to sell in eastern Texas.
@Harry Paul I used to think like that. My 6x great grandfather was a Texas Ranger who died fighting the Comanche. Caught a musketball with his head at Bird's Creek in 1839. It sounds like you may have read "Blood Meridian" or watched "The Searchers" recently. Both are Fiction. In fact many Hundreds of people willingly joined the Comanche Empire because it was a better life than being a peasant in Mexico. There is a famous painting of a Comanche Warrior who told the US Army painter after he had finished his portrait that his name was Jesus Sanchez. As for their Brutality, The Tactics of the Comanche were no different from the any of the other Nations that surrounded them. Which is pretty chill considering they were fighting against enemies who wanted to exterminate them. You know who else didn't think the Comanche were a savvy organized political entity? The Spanish. You know how they proved them wrong? By turning every individual frontier town against each other by running what was basically a protection racket. "Nice town you got here. sure would be a shame if somebody burned it to the ground." The Comache were very organized, like the mafia. Furthermore, If the Comanche didnt have a "organized society" as you put it, how were they able to mobilize thousands of men to raid Hundreds of miles away from their home territory, sometimes more than twice a year. Niether The Spanish Empire couldn't do that in the Southwest and they had a king and a global empire! Check out the books I recommended they might broaden your perspective.
In South Americans also had a cool horse culture, but this don't survive in our memories. The area know as Silver Mesopotamia around Paraguay, Uruguay and Paraná river had the most astonish native knights of South America as Minuanos, Kadiwéus and Charruas.
Very cool subject, I researched this a bit in my spare time as well. Nice to see a full documentary about it. I am North American born (Chicago, IL area) coming from German and Irish ancestry mostly. My father was a Boy Scout and worked his way up to Eagle Scout (their highest honor) in at which time he went on to live for some time with a tribe of Lenni Lenape Native Americans and became an honorary member of their tribe. He bestowed much of their teachings to my siblings. Due to this I developed a love for learning about Native American lifestyle and culture. I always wanted to have a horse of my own, having rode horses a only few times in my life gaining a deep admiration for them. I’m quite jealous of two of my aunts who each have their own horse ranches (unfortunately far from Chicago) one is in the Mountain Home, Arkansas area and the other in the Phoenix, Arizona area. Anyway I loved this video and would be happy to see more on the subject or anything Native American related. Thank you for taking the time to research and create it.
Luke Harvey I was just stating that I’m not of Native American Ancestry. I’ve done a lot of digging into my family history and am proud of my roots so I felt like mentioning it. I was pointing out that although I don’t have any Native American blood in me I still have always had a deep appreciation and respect for them, their history, and their culture. My Dad taught me Native American Spirituality instead of being taught Christianity or whatever other beliefs. My mother taught me about all the different religions but my dad was hard core into Native American stuff all around. I think stating my ancestry has relevance to the context of my comment, same reason I stated that I’m from Chicago, to paint a better picture through words.
Off topic G'day hilbert, Could you please look at the oseberg tapestry from the ship burial. It seems to show a norse religious ceremony. I thought we knew nothing about norse ceremonies but it seems there is a depiction from the norse themselves Complete with a male figure (odin?) in a horned helmet (just when everyone knows the norse didnt wear horned helmets) leading a procession of people, horses and carts with ravens. Also the same horned helmeted man holding spears(?) facing another man wearing a bear cloak with just his face showing, seemingly answering the bare/bear shirt debate about berserkers that philologists continually have. There is also a woman or Valkyrie in a boar/maybe wolf coat talking to the same horned figure. It also shows a hof and a tree with men hanging sort of backing up adam of bremen's description of the hof at upsalla. I cant believe ive only just found it Here is a good place to start www.germanicmythology.com/works/OsebergTapestry.html Thanking you in advance Adam
If you're interested in the topic, there are plenty of bracteates and other images showing the horned guy, fighters in bear skins (and nude), valkyries and the like. We actually know quite a bit more about old norse ritual and beliefs that conveyed in most history books.
Wow great video! I love Native American history. Have you considered making a video on the history of the Haudenosaunee (aka the Iroquois Confederacy)? I especially found the Beaver wars interesting and I would like to know more about it.
Take an exemple: Bulgária=Portugal ; spain = Jugoslávia...all speake a simular language..but spain and Jugoslávia do not have just one..spain have Galego(95%iqual Português) ; Castelhano (60%=the oficial Language of spain...the spanish language does Not Exist) ; Catalão (40%=)..some variations in the south. Islands and in the north...and also Basco( in NW near France with also Bascos...a language neder From Latim neder eslava or germânica..Unic)..so Portugal since 1415 with conquerer of CEUTA,N.Marrocos..iniciated the travel across the atlântico to arrived to ÍNDIA by sea..and of course whe arrived 1st to América..but whe want Índia ( Canadá to Argentina whe doesn't find Índia) and whe whats trade not colonization( of course whe dosen't find Aztecas neder Incas) so whe across all África
And whe arrived Índia 1498..and oficcialy Brasil 1500 ..but spain just 1492 conquer Granada( Andaluzia) and colombo in 1492 arrived Caraibas..but Colombo works in PORTUGAL..but whe send him to deceive the spaniards about the real way to ÍNDIA ( like a spy)..about Magalhães is diferent..probably personal greed ( our king reject him and he goes work to spain) and in fortunately betwen 1580 and 1640 whe are dominated for spain because succession matter..
3:15 the correct name is Francisco Pizarro, the leader of the Inca conquistadores. You got confused with Hernán Cortés, the conquistador of the Aztec empire. Amazing video, anyway.
The grand daughter of the mexica emperor Montezuma was one of the first missionaries into New Mexico. They brought horses and the local tribes learned.
I’m from BC Canada, and our word for dog is sqáxa7, our word for horse is ts̓qáxa7. Pretty much we named horses “looks like a dog” Supposedly our mountain “ponies” are smaller compared to the prairie horses. What they lack in size, they compensate with having more stamina.
What I undurstood, French sold firearms in the east, Indians of the south got horses from the spanish and then they killed each others. Sounds like cold war with less steps
@@biliminsrlar5752 It wasn't a deliberate tactic. There was no concerted effort to conquer all the lands of the continent until after the United States was established, by which time most of the native American tribes had both horses and guns in their possession.
I'm a New Englander, so my first thought is a picture of a family making a wigwam. We naturally focused on various Eastern Woodland tribes like the Wampanoag and Narragansett.
It's like Irish people and potatoes, or Swiss people and Chocolate. They seem like they were always connected, but these foods were only introduced to Europe after the discovery of America.
I'm married to a Navajo. She has no interest in teaching the kids about their ancestral culture, so I try to learn as much as I can. Aside from a few minor differences in what I've learned you did an excellent job. I'm not sure whether being an outsider helped or hindered that.
Dunno, Bro. When I start to speak highly about my ancestors who were unquestionably effective steppe nomads people start to become nervous. Weird... what people have against Yamnaya (also known, rather imprecisely, as Aryans)? ;)
@@useodyseeorbitchute9450 Your ancestors, and mine, on both sides of my family (Punjabi and Irish-Scots), the "Proto-Indo-Europeans". The term "Aryan" unfortunately now has terrible connotations having nothing to do with our shared ancestors and at least for now is tainted by its misuse by bigots.
The horses did not escape during the revolution; they were deliberately released and set free to prevent their reuse by the Spanish. That is the only reason there were enough horses to create the horse culture that existed within the great plains in the 1700's. The horse cavalry is why Western Indian tribes survived better than most Eastern tribes. Want to live? Be armed.
Really enjoyed the video. I live in Caddo country and remember my grandparents telling me I would be taken off by the Comanche if I didn't behave. I look forward to those future vidoes.
Most definitely learned a lot from this video! Keep up focus on Native American history in the Americas, because it’s basically ignored in school teaching and in mainstream culture in general.
Pueblo in this context means town or village. The many Pueblo people of New Mexico and Arizona were called Pueblo people because they lived in settled communities called pueblos made of stone and adobe. This distinguished them from other native Americans such as the Navajo, Apache and Comanche who were nomadic, living in rough shelters made of tree branches and animal skins.
Thank you for spreading this knowledge. As a history nerd I’m always arguing with people about this subject. When I try to explain to someone that Europeans brought the modern horse to the americas I always get “but what about the Indians hunting Buffalo on horses”. So again thank you for getting this knowledge out there
I was reading the red baron's book and was surprised when he said he had been hunting and had had the 'privilage' of shooting one of the last European bison. European bison? i thought and lo and behold people found some in the Caucasus mountains and are reintroducing them to europe. Fun fact in the usa they got down to 27 pure plains bison in Yellowstone. 27!!!! The national guard was sent in to protect them.
Robustus the old old Forrest on the border between Poland and Belarus was the first place they were reintroduced in 1951. After the last ones in the wild in Poland were shot in 1921. The last wild bison were shot in 1927 in the Caucasus. There were only 9 left in poland and they were kept in captivity until their reintrodution. Even lower numbers than the plains bison in the usa. Imagine how close they were to just being a memory, on both continents
It's crazy how close it was but yeah they've been reintroduced in the border forests in Poland and Belarus which is really cool. Very glad to have been able to see them in the wild in Yellowstone.
My good sir apparently they have them in the Netherlands as well now as im sure you knew. They're an amazing animal and the world would have been a lesser place without them. While i was rereading up on this i noticed 'they' are trying to rebread the aurochs in a couple of interesting ways. I dont think i know of any other animal that has been un(?)domesticated. Also there is a feral herd of cattle in Chillingham Northumbria that been doing its thing since 1645. Their behavior is quite different to todays cattle. Keep up the good work and steer clear of the dreaded lurgy Adam
Anyone remember that Florence & the Machine "Dog Days"? The lyrics of the chorus read "The dog days are over, the dog days are over, Can you hear the horses cause here they come"... I wonder if she's referring to the Blackfeet's "Dog Days"?
Incredibly true. My grandkids are part Delaware...even though I am not biologically related to them I let them know how awesome it is to have native heratige. Wish I had some.
@@Mvenven your comment is total BS, not true and frankly quite offensive. I learned about Native Americans and their horses as well as other cultures from a young age, just not nearly to the extent and a detailed timeline as presented in this video.
@@suzanneyoung8011 I disagree. I grew up in Tejas, schooled with one Mescalero Apache and can feel the 'whiteness' with every inspection of anything in our culture. Our culture is full of a mentality that 'white' is real when skin pigment has little bearing on a person's being perceived as from one people group or another. People of color in this nation know this from a young age but their experience is as the oppressed, not the oppressor. A good example of this invisible phenom is how these united States acquired ~ half of Mexico simply because we were in our '20's' and full of attitude and acquisitiveness while the northern parts of Mexico, including Tejas and much of the SW, were the abandoned spoils of the Comanche wars in those parts. Everything is connected yet often the causes are not discerned. Most of the true history of our nation is whitewashed. Same with most nations. It does no good to deny this in ignorance and every time we lose the lessons of the past if so. Thankfully many 'whites' in our nation are learning to deal with these facts. We are beginning to realize we are wealthy because of the centuries of poverty we forced on those we chose to use for our profit.
Native American history is very complex but the answer to the question is they acquired the horse from the Spanish in the 15th to the 16th century. After Columbus, who was an Italian who sailed for Spain, the Spanish continued their adventurism into the western hemisphere bringing the horse with them aboard ship.
Yáh'áh'téh greetings from the Navajo Nation when the Spaniard came a Navajo man follow the Spaniard he watch them how they ride the horse at that time we were call Apache de Navajo then they shortened it to Navajo anyway one night he stole one horse he took it back to the family camp everybody wanted to try riding the horse than everyone wanted a so they stole them horses we quickly became good Horsemen and started raiding other tribes including the Spanish and Mexicans we also took sheep and cattles even women and children
Sorry man you've got a lot of old very out of date information. It's not your fault, it's more common for people to be out of date than up to date when it comes to American horse history. Do a little research on more recent discoveries, and you'll find that they have over a dozen different horses that have been found in Central North America ranging from Canada down to Texas that range in date anywhere from 100 years before Columbus to a couple thousand years before Columbus. Most of the information you're sharing is old information that has been disproven multiple times by multiple different discoveries.
In the Navajo tradition, the horse was introduce by a holy deity know as Turquoise boy. Where this deity lived was the southern boundry of the Navajo Homeland. Also in navajo call horse "łįį."
🇪🇸🇲🇽🇺🇸🇳🇮 I think it's really important to mention the indigenous auxiliarys to the spanish, the stable boys, the northern mexican conquests, the chichimecs before the puebloans.
You should reach out to the A Life in Ruins Podcast. All three of them are archeologist!!! This would seem like something they would love to talk about. Also great job on the video!!!
Thank you! You would very much enjoy the Shoshone Comanche reunions held at the Comanche tribal headquarters just north of Lawton, Oklahoma. Come and be welcome!
A piece of data (I don't know how relevant it might be, though) Back in my university years, I learned that old Spanish legislation included a free, comunal land area around the new settlements (or the existing and conquered ones) called "ejidos" . These "ejidos" had the purpose of both expanding the town's urban grid and give the empoverished settlers the chance of growing food and keeping domestic animals such as cattle, pigs, and horses. These animals usually roamed freely as there was no owner. These cattle, pig ands horses eventually became wild and therefore spread to new areas in the Americas, thus evolving into "creole" breeds. Perhaps this could be one of the reasons why native North Americans (and native Argentinians too) adopted and domesticated horses
Near where I live there's a bayou called Buffalo Bayou. I understand it was called this because it was a buffalo jump. Native Americans drove buffalo off the steep edge of the bayou, causing many animals to be injured or killed. It was a great way to lay in a good supply of hides(tents), jerky and pemmican for the winter. Buffalo jumps were used when available by Native Americans.
It really is amazing how fast horses spread throughout America. And not only how fast the species spread but how fast the horse culture spread. For many of the tribes it changed everything. For instance the Navajo don't even have a history before the horse. Everything started with the horse as far as they are concerned.
It was David Thompson who wintered with the Blackfoot not Daniel. The old chief he spoke with was actually Cree living with the Blackfoot. The Cree name for the horse means "Big Dog" but the Blackfoot name incorporates their name for the Elk/Red Deer/Wapiti which is Ponoka. So the Blockfoot saw the horse more as an antlerless Elk. They raided south perhaps almost as far as northern Texas for their first horses...according to David Thompson.
David Ap Thomas, Angliced to David Thompson. Another Welshman who is passed of as English. A censes from when he was around had Wales as his place of birth. He only grew up in London.
Loved this presentation. Have always had an interest in Native American history. Have visited some of the places they use to range, and seen where battles took place. Would love to see more!
The owens valley paiute and shoshones stole them from alta ca and diffrent areas on the coast. Closely related to Bannock and comanche the owens valley has alot of numic languages and were known as horsethief indians.. The mono paiute or monache.. also the spanish trail was called by indians payuudi or paiute trail. The oregon trail. John muir trail ,the california trail and the road to utah was horse trails. Also during the 1830 the spanish released 30000 wild horses in san joaquin valley where the western mono also monanche bands and owens valley bands got it also during.g that time. The numic migration happend with horses. The eastern shoahone are owens valley paiute and shoshone and the ethnogenisis of the eastern shoshone shows this. The uto aztecan speakers are the Aztec people... now called Numu or Niwi or Paiute ,mono,Bannock, shoshone. The more you kno... im a paiute shoshone and in our oral history we know of three brothers who stole horses.. and the ethnographers kno thia. But the u.s. government hates us and tried to take the horse history away. But the spanish feared the numic people.
And in the days of Lewis and Clark (early 1800's) it was still known as the undiscovered frontier, To think how much earlier the Spaniards made it to the west, or the southwest is hard to imagine, so the horse progression took many years to spread and by the time the Anglos made it way out west many of the tribes already had horses.
The horse= past modern technology used to attack those who attacked them first. Ferral horses. You mentioned that in the movie Stagecoach they depicted Apache as great riders,(you said this wasn't true) but the movie time period would have been post Civil War which was a bit after 1863 in fact....so this was much later (over 200 years later) then what you were discussing the 1650s when the Apache got hold of Mexican horses.
You're a really good narrator and you're from another country thanks for being interested in our native people. I love history my Dad would read history when ever he could. Thanks for the video I didnt know a few things you called attention too! 🐎🐕
I find it funny, I'm from Wisconsin and so are my parents, including my grandparents. But, my grandfather(my mother's dad) was half Blackfeet and half Ojibwa, and my grandmother(my dad's mother) is Cherokee. Now people don't believe me when I say I'm Native American, when I'm the color of mayonnaise, my hair is blonde, and my eyes are blue. I have a Roman nose and feet. I also never lived on a reservation like my grandfather did with his parents. I don't remember most of the stories he told me because I was extremely young(around 3 or 4) and being 18 now it's kinda hard to remember what he's told me. He passed away in 2008 so like I said I was very very young at that time. Wish I could've became closer with him and learned more about our ancestors, and how they lived 100's maybe even thousands of years ago. I do my research now as I'm history geek. I wish I could teach it, bet my GPA in school is waaay too low for college, I almost graduated with a 3.0 but nah. Hopefully one day I can teach people the things I know now.
Read all the Spanish and English explorers chronicles, many gives an account of seeing horses . Cartier, Cabot, pizzaro, noticed pre Hispanic horses. Many horses effigies have been found. Lui shen 400 ad, from China explored the Aztecs and made reference to Aztec horses and wagons . True ! Read his 800 page account to the Chinese emperor.
Does anyone know what the native americans called horses in their various languages? as in what word the used for them. Did they borrow one from Spanish or did they make up their own?
@moptop guap long enough to have them left after battle when dead lol only takes a couple to start a herd sir then came the Spanish in 1500s. My mothers family came in the 1500s from spain my dads side native american lol. So my family blood line is older than America on this continent. Who would have thunk it lol
@@danachos Tim McCoy wife's account. David my Pop a horse wrangler and made his living Breaking wild horses. ( He believed in gentle breaking.) His mother was Eastern Cherokee. He held that the native horse culture was too developed to have been just due to the Spanish pony. The appaloosa is a good example. There is documentary on Amazon about a New Zealand Woman who went to Kyrgyzstan to do DNA testing on spotted horses she saw there. Yes they were appaloosas. Pop would've loved that .
Fun fact: since horses replaced the role of dogs for dragging supplies for nomadic tribes like the Cree they were "Big dogs" atim (a-tim) means dog, and misatim (mis-a-tim) means big dog/horse.
Thanks for stopping by and watching this one on how Native Americans acquired horses; if you enjoyed it please let me know with a cheeky thumbs up, and if there's anything you'd like to know or want to add please feel free to do so in the comments below! New uploads every Wednesday and Saturday so stay tuned for more!
If you want more about Native Americans check out my video on Dances With Wolves:
th-cam.com/video/UADgce1fYa4/w-d-xo.html
I had to give a regular thumbs up as, everyone knows, I can't be cheeky despite the fact my people came from Lancashire!
I'm Sioux and you smashed every nail on the head. During your video I was ok what about this?....than you would mention it right after. Good work. Hoka Hey!
That was a really interesting video especially since this topic is seldom covered.
Keep uploading great content!
Really enjoying these native American vids.
Was the British explorer, that stayed with the Blackfeet tribe elders, not called "David" Thompson.
Easy mistake though if so. 👍
I really did like the video. More please. 👍
Well done, Hilbert! As an U.S. archaeologist specializing on Northern Plains prehistory, your overview was pretty spot on. Some of the most exciting sites I've worked on have been Protohistoric camps with metal arrowheads, trade beads, and other Euroamerican objects mixed with traditional camp features, stone tools, and the like. I swear sometimes that I can still smell the burning cottonwood in some of those old buried firehearths. If you're ever out this way again, do visit the reservations, just even to enjoy their love of horses. A very famous US. horse breed developed by the Nez Perce is the beautiful Appaloosa.
Hey Brad, thanks so much for sharing this with me - I'd love to do some archaeology in the States if I get the chance - I'm sure the weather would make a nice change from that in the North East of England where I have done some digging! Any chance you'd be able to drop me a line so I can ask you some more about what you find?
Hilbert, would be fun to correspond about all this, but doesn't seem to be a way to send you my email privately. Alas...
@@bradn1837 you do know that some tribes has stories about horses in north America before ant European people came her. I know because I am Pawnee.
@@bradn1837 Hilbert's business e-mail address is listed in the about tab of his channel: th-cam.com/channels/1Zc6_BhPXiCWZlrZP4EsEg.htmlabout
Brad N have you heard about the Appaloosa horses in Kyrgyzstan? The Nez Perce, of which I am, have claimed to have had Appaloosa horses for thousands of years.
The Oijibwe tribe of Northern Wisconsin where I live drove the the Sioux tribe out of Northern Wisconsin and Minnesota with guns the Oijibwe got though the fur trade with the French. The Oijibwe had more guns than any other Native tribe at that time and even European settlers. I also used to live in the Four Corners region of New Mexico in Farmington for a time where I learned about Navajo culture as well. The name Anasizi means something like ancient enemy or ancestor of my enemy because the Navajo were at war with the Pueblo tribe who in turn named the the Navajo which means head basher in Pueblo. The Navajo call themselves Dene. I have seen Pueblo sites at Mesa Verde in Colorado and at Aztec a town in New Mexico between Farmington, NM and the mountain town of Durango, Colorado.
It's my understanding that the Navajo originated in Canada and moved south into the Utah/Arizona areas because of conflicts with other tribes as well.
@@frankmueller2781 In Denendeh* which crosses numerous territorial, provincial and state borders
There is this perception that the fee ch were such wonderful colonial masters and were much nicer. Let me tell you that the French wiped out whole tribes too. The French were also more shrewd and conniving by playing tribes against one another - a practice that eventually led to the French and Indian War, which exploded because of a convoluted knot of tribal and European power alliances similar to the situation leading up to WW1 in Europe. The Franco-Anglo proxy wars boiled over with European impetus. The only way to view that war is through the Native American perspective, as for us it was essentially a Native war that white people got to come along for. We were involved in every aspect of the fighting from naval battles and backwoods skirmishes to massive pitched battles and seiges. It was our war. And it also marked the end of our status as independent entities that European powers had to court and and use diplomacy towards in order to win our favor. It was the ebd of colonial America and the beginning of the new America that had no consideration and no time and no room for us - and still doesn't.
Alot of french married American indians also this is where cajons came from as they spoke french & were kicked from canada so they ended up in louisiana basically the swamps & their language changed because of inter marriage & now they speak their own language!
@@pattihainline1573 Well, you've got the gist of it at least. I think you mean the Cajuns, not cajons(en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caj%C3%B3n). Cajun is a corruption of Acadien. Their dialect of French is, somewhat, unique. Heavily influenced by American English and Spanish, with a dash of indigenous and African loan words.It is certainly not Parisian French and never was. Frankly, If you go to France and speak Cajun, you would have a difficult time making yourself understood. Much as some Quebecois guys I knew did.
The horse was such a game changer for Native American Tribes and no other mastered the horse as well as the Comanche that is why they were “The Lords of the Southern Plains.”
Absolutely the feats of horsemanship they were capable of were frankly amazing.
@themailman43 Actually, Antonio Perales del Hierro is right. the Comanche did stop the Spanish going north- for well over a hundred years- because they were such incredible warriors fighting on horseback- horse archers. And they used lances a dozen feet long. They would pincushion the Spaniards with arrows. The Spanish firearms were slow to reload, as were their crossbows. Now, if the Spanish could have put together an overwhelmingly large army, yes, they could have "beaten" the Comanche and pushed further North. But they couldn't. That of course would also be true of Mexico today- if they could put together an army of millions, they could overrun the U.S., despite our advantages in weaponry and training. The Comanche also kept white settlers coming from the East and North out of their territory for decades. Eventually, disease decimated their populations and there were more and more settlers. It is estimated that there were never more than about 30,000 Comanche, including men, women and children. They probably could field about 5,000 - 8,000 warriors- but never at the same time and place.
@themailman43 I do think they did. I know they did- time and again. But for over a hundred years, they could not eliminate the Comanche- couldn't beat them. Those incredible horse archers... just too tough. Now, if they had moved a great deal of soldiers from other places- thousands of them- they probably could have. Of course, they would then have lost the territories they had taken those soldiers from. They were in a tough situation- and those thousands of horse archers made it impossible to beat them, given their resources- even though they were one of the most powerful countries in the world.
@@brettdillingham Except one defeat, reprisal of Spanish against Comanches were successful. A hundred of Mexican soldiers, used to the country, backed by Indian allies, were enough to defeat Comanches and burn their villages.
But orders had to be sent from Madrid, and the Crown of Spain saw no point in this costly expeditions : no new resources to take possession of, no capital city to seize to end the war, no conversion to Christianity to hope.
Read Georges Hydes, Indians of the High Plains
@@gengis737 Thank you for the source and suggestion, I appreciate it.
In Nitsitapoisin the language of the Nitsitapiiks (Blackfoot) we call horses Ponokamita which literally translates to "Elk-Dog". Combining the words Ponoka "Bō-nō-kah" (elk), and Imiita "ēmē-tah" (dog).
We were the only tribe that went from Canada to the Spanish speaking lands just to steal horses. We went enmass and the southern tribes moved out of the way until we returned back home up north except a small group which stayed in the Red River area.
@Thomas Kilogram among other things, why?
@Thomas Kilogram yeah, I'm Pikuni Blackfeet, and about six other ethnicities.
Correct! I’m Niitsitapi too, Half blood and half siksika.
Do more about native North Americans. They dont get enough coverage on TH-cam from the history community
Oliver Revilo no. India is in Asia. They are native Americans (or First Nations here in Canada.
@@rockthered8706 I find the study of American Indian peoples fascinating. Calling them "first " is absurd. American Indians killed and stole etc. as much as anyone, but they didn't write it down. "If we all got our just desserts, none of us will escape a whipping."
@@rockthered8706 I'm an Indian, pal. The majority of us in the Southeast and Oklahoma (those removed from the Southeast) prefer that term and we don't need outsiders deciding what we need to be called.
@Oliver Revilo jackass
@@PalmettoNDN i am aware many identify that way, I meant it to mean the indigenous people of the continent as a whole. I know I’m really ignorant about the topic, something I am interested in though.
Blackfeet, but here in Canada they're the Blackfoot Confederacy. Calgarian here, love the show!
The history of the Seminoles is really interesting, I think you'd like it
@Dionaea floridensis Awesome avatar I used to keep some of those plants, they’re carnivorous plants are really cool!
There's some really cool artwork of them hiding in the mangrove swamps from US Marines so I might look into it as other than that I know very little about them!
@@aymarafan7669 They grow really easily in Florida haha
Ah yes their greatest chief Bobby Bowden and their best headhunter Dion Sanders. Great history indeed, even for being an Atlantic coast tribe..
Yes it is. The Micosuckee too
Try the “Commanche Empire” by Pekka Hamaleinen, it’s a great look at the plains as a center of a civilization and not the edge of one.
Easily the best book on the Comanche. Helps to dispel some of the myths carried forward by C.S. Gwynne's book. Gwynne's book is a great book, but he is not a historian , Hamaleninen is and the difference in information is astonishing.
very true
I'm a Comanche native and it's always nice to see videos on my culture as I'm a city boy in Dallas I don't really have much actual traditions that I practice but I'm very much interested in old history
@@Bazzable what
Do you know how to ride a horse?
$5 indian
Please dont loose your history.
Im a North European and you'd have to go back 1000 years to call my ancestors a tribe... but realistly almost 2000 as a tribe in the way you might view it.
Most of our history has been lost. But in my local area there are still some landmarks noted by the ancient beliefs those people thought/guessed created them. We know a bit of those times - but so much will never be recovered. Dont make the same mistakes we did.
I'll call myself an ancestor of Bernicia. Tho that is inaccurate. My physical appearance is exactly the same as the Romans described us before Christ was born. Not tall. Very stocky and muscular. Black hair. Green or brown eyes.
We are a stubbon lot up here. Wont give up the land easily to French or Norse invaders easily ;)
But back on topic. Your history is something to be proud of. I hope you at some point attend some event celebrating it and visit important landmarks. Your culture and your ancestors will never leave you :)
I hadn't learnt much about native Americans and how they acquired horses, so this was really interesting :)
Thank you so much Pluto I'm really glad you enjoyed it! I'll be making more videos about Native Americans soon!
@@historywithhilbert146 Great, I can't wait dude :)
I didn't even know they had horses.
Prehistoric people in the Americas use to hunt them. For example the Hippidion of South America. They went extinct about 8000 years ago. Read - en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hippidion
You should read this. Calls much of this video's claims into question. search.proquest.com/docview/1895090520?pq-origsite=gscholar
@history with hilbert can youndo one on how war tatics varied from different regions ,why and how its done
I'll look into it in future :)
@@historywithhilbert146 can you also do on on the sikh empire pls
Agreed that would be very cool
Ever just wake up and wonder, “How did native Americans get horses?”
Before this video I actually did a lot.
Yeah lol
Smallpox and Bubonic Plague, measles, deadly tooth decay, gotten from worn teeth, from grain? History is bullshit.
Exactly, it couldn't ever be something like, why did i wake up, right? Right? God, i hate these corona-times.
No, I learned this back in high school
Very great video Hilbert glad that you’re covering my continent again! The Anasazi culture is fascinating and yet very mysterious! Especially how we don’t know why they abandoned the clefts.
Interesting topic: I'd be happy to see more coverage of Native American history here. We can get a few additional glimpse into the way the various tribes saw horses when they first encountered them via the names they coined: many such terms compare horses to dogs, which, as you mention, they already used as beasts of burden: the Blackfeet called the horses 'ponoka-mita' (elk dogs), the Assiniboin 'šųgatąga' (big dog), and the Lakota (Sioux) 'sunkawakan' ('mysterious dog' or 'holy dog')
This is my favorite sort of historical content! Keep it up!
Legend has it that Geronimo wanted to marry the most beautiful girl in the tribe. But her father despised Geronimo, so he set the price at 100 horses, knowing there was no way the marriage would happen. Several weeks later, the thunder of hoofbeats was heard, before Geronimo came into camp at the head of a herd of horses. He had stolen them from the Mexicans. And......a deal is a deal. The father had no choice.
Camanche, Cheyenne, Lakota Sioux, Crow, Arapahoe, Piegan Blackfeet and Kiowa. The best Horseman on the Great Plains, in that order!!!
the crow were better horseman than the Cheyenne and Lakota.
US Army mounted Cavalry and Ranger Companies were the best horsemen on the Great Plains - which is why they dominated the American Indians (And yes, that's been their proper names for 4 centuries) and won the Western Frontiers, turning the country into a technologically advanced and space-faring Superpower.
@@isolinear9836 yes. the colt revolver made them superior. Samuel colt is a hero. from now on, the Indians only fled if they saw the cavalry. Custer was really annoyed by that. he was used as a commander to fight and defeat conderatey cavalary (wich generally were of better quality than the union ones) even in close combat wich sometimes outnumbered him 2:1. he didn't run like the Indians. they only had a Chance when they ambushed them with far superior numbers.
@@berserk9085 I made a response, but TH-cam is censoring/auto-censoring it - the staff and alogrithm leans left VERY hard, and suppresses any facts that might endanger its fantasy ideologies - which is quite typical given they're built on Lies. The Truth requires greater context, so I'll try to get the comment past the censor by isolating the paragraphs:
Colt revolvers aren't what make horseman, nor a Horse Culture - Horse Cultures are first and foremost about breeding, raising, training, and economics to ride and utilize horses. The more tightly coordinated this training and control of the horse, the more adept and powerful maneuver warfare becomes - horse and rider becoming one - the mark of horsemanship.
The Indians were the lesser in EVERY one of these regards compared to US Army Cavalry and Rangers, from their lack of ability to breed horses properly*1, to their inability to raise them properly and healthily*2, to their inability to create the intricate equipment, saddles, stirrups, spurs, shoes, etc*3, to their lack of sophisticated training and horsemanship*4, etc, all the way down to the campaigns where the Indian warriors were run down consistently by better and more adept horseman*5. There is NO debate on this subject by any knowledgeable man, let alone anybody who deals with horses. TH-cam's predisposition to claim that Indians were better horseman is laughable, borne of ignorance, fanciful political-correctness, and prejudice.
EDIT: The sections being censored regard the Indian lifestyle and way of warfare - it's a fabrication to claim that the settlers "were as bad as the Indians", or "broke treaties", but even the sections with the names of the treaties are being censored by TH-cam - I'm not going to rewrite everything, as this has taken too long, but a little research and skepticism by yourself should suffice to overturn the Hollywood Lies about "Civilized Indians"....
The Sioux term for "horse," I believe, is literally translated "sacred dog."
Big Dog
In navajo a dog is called łłe' chaa'ii....translated to horse shit eater
In cree horse is translated to big dog
Shunka Wakan
I love your videos about Native American culture & history! Please make more of them. It's of particular interest to me as I am partly Apache.
Really glad to hear you've been enjoying the videos - I should have some more videos on Native Americans in the next few weeks ;)
Very interesting, most popular native American history sources concentrate on interactions with Europeans. It's good to see a focus on intertribal relations.
Nicely done, Hilbert. I teach history in Canada and this video really covers a huge cultural development of Native Peoples.
Compliments to the illustration staff for beautiful art work
Bufalos are catalans too....also, another great and interesting video.
An interesting related tidbit. Wild horses are considered invasive species as a result of them being introduced to the Americas but are left alone despite debates on their continued presence in a lot of parks and reserves in the Southwest and Midwest.
Are they doing any damage to the environment?
Youl find them in Montana Nevada and wyoming and nk they don't cause damage to the environment. Rarely
Wild horses are common in Arizona especially in the Salt River watershed. As far as damage is concerned it depends on who is asked.
There are 4 times the amount of horses than what the land can handle. They’re inbred sometimes and they would make great dog food
@@hazzardalsohazzard2624 I think just by their existence, they'd be offering competition for food supplies to native animals that eat the same thing.
As a New Mexican this was great and awesome video! The Comanche lived out in here and the Apache.
Florence and the Machine has a song called Dog Days. There's a line that was going through my head,
"The Dog days are over, the dog days are done, the horses are coming, so you better run"
Imagine being one of the earliest Natives who ate the last horse for thousands of years before the Spanish came and you somehow found out that last horse you ate could have been used to travel long distances instead of just for food.
I think they are savage horse like the zebra you can not tame them or ride them
The Apache depicted in stagecoach were circa 1880, they definitely had horses
Loved your video the picture you showed of the Indian cliff pueblo is in mesa verda I visited it in 1981 😎
Empire of the Summer Moon is a good place to start but is a terrible History book. I would recommend reading Comanche Empire by Pekka Hämäläinen. He has also just finished a book on the Lakota. If your interested in the Comanche I recomend War of a Thousand Deserts by Brian DeLay and The Comanches: A History by Thomas Kavanagh.
I second your characterization of Empire of the Summer Moon. Gwyne frequently characterizes Native American groups as "savages" and makes language choices which serve to other-ize and exoticize Native Americans.
Why is that a terrible history book?
@@MrHanderson91 for starters it literally does History poorly. There are lots of spelling errors and inconsistencies, its bibliography mis-cites other books and primary documents. It's a pretty useless if you want to do any further research. It also does little in comparison to the other books I mentioned to explain who the Comanche were and how their nation operated. It treats them more like a force of nature than a group of people. It also uses "Savages" and "Uncivilized" a bit too often for my liking. That being said you wouldn't really know that, if it was your first book on the aubject. It's only apparent when you read other books on the Comanche.
I was going to recommend Comanche Empire by Hammaleinen. Excellent book that describes how the Comanche dominated the Spanish settlers in New Mexico and Texas and ranged far and wide taking native and European slaves to sell in eastern Texas.
@Harry Paul I used to think like that. My 6x great grandfather was a Texas Ranger who died fighting the Comanche. Caught a musketball with his head at Bird's Creek in 1839.
It sounds like you may have read "Blood Meridian" or watched "The Searchers" recently. Both are Fiction. In fact many Hundreds of people willingly joined the Comanche Empire because it was a better life than being a peasant in Mexico. There is a famous painting of a Comanche Warrior who told the US Army painter after he had finished his portrait that his name was Jesus Sanchez.
As for their Brutality, The Tactics of the Comanche were no different from the any of the other Nations that surrounded them. Which is pretty chill considering they were fighting against enemies who wanted to exterminate them.
You know who else didn't think the Comanche were a savvy organized political entity? The Spanish. You know how they proved them wrong? By turning every individual frontier town against each other by running what was basically a protection racket. "Nice town you got here. sure would be a shame if somebody burned it to the ground." The Comache were very organized, like the mafia. Furthermore, If the Comanche didnt have a "organized society" as you put it, how were they able to mobilize thousands of men to raid Hundreds of miles away from their home territory, sometimes more than twice a year. Niether The Spanish Empire couldn't do that in the Southwest and they had a king and a global empire! Check out the books I recommended they might broaden your perspective.
In South Americans also had a cool horse culture, but this don't survive in our memories. The area know as Silver Mesopotamia around Paraguay, Uruguay and Paraná river had the most astonish native knights of South America as Minuanos, Kadiwéus and Charruas.
It survives through the gaúcho.
Caballos europeos o prehispánica?
@@L30NARDO72 Europeos
3:13 Francisco Pizarro *
If he can't get that right.....what's the point on watching the rest, huh? hahahaha
@@Edumolinaf naaa. Perfect video, just had a little misfortune.
No I’m pretty sure it was Jernando Pizzaro just like he said.
@@rasapplepipe i think it has Cortes in mind and then noticed it wasn't the right guy lol
Very cool subject, I researched this a bit in my spare time as well. Nice to see a full documentary about it. I am North American born (Chicago, IL area) coming from German and Irish ancestry mostly. My father was a Boy Scout and worked his way up to Eagle Scout (their highest honor) in at which time he went on to live for some time with a tribe of Lenni Lenape Native Americans and became an honorary member of their tribe. He bestowed much of their teachings to my siblings. Due to this I developed a love for learning about Native American lifestyle and culture. I always wanted to have a horse of my own, having rode horses a only few times in my life gaining a deep admiration for them. I’m quite jealous of two of my aunts who each have their own horse ranches (unfortunately far from Chicago) one is in the Mountain Home, Arkansas area and the other in the Phoenix, Arizona area.
Anyway I loved this video and would be happy to see more on the subject or anything Native American related. Thank you for taking the time to research and create it.
Luke Harvey I was just stating that I’m not of Native American Ancestry. I’ve done a lot of digging into my family history and am proud of my roots so I felt like mentioning it. I was pointing out that although I don’t have any Native American blood in me I still have always had a deep appreciation and respect for them, their history, and their culture. My Dad taught me Native American Spirituality instead of being taught Christianity or whatever other beliefs. My mother taught me about all the different religions but my dad was hard core into Native American stuff all around. I think stating my ancestry has relevance to the context of my comment, same reason I stated that I’m from Chicago, to paint a better picture through words.
Luke Harvey
no matter what country your from I’m always interested to hear about people’s ancestry, guess that’s the historian in me.
Off topic
G'day hilbert,
Could you please look at the oseberg tapestry from the ship burial. It seems to show a norse religious ceremony. I thought we knew nothing about norse ceremonies but it seems there is a depiction from the norse themselves Complete with a male figure (odin?) in a horned helmet (just when everyone knows the norse didnt wear horned helmets) leading a procession of people, horses and carts with ravens.
Also the same horned helmeted man holding spears(?) facing another man wearing a bear cloak with just his face showing, seemingly answering the bare/bear shirt debate about berserkers that philologists continually have.
There is also a woman or Valkyrie in a boar/maybe wolf coat talking to the same horned figure. It also shows a hof and a tree with men hanging sort of backing up adam of bremen's description of the hof at upsalla.
I cant believe ive only just found it
Here is a good place to start
www.germanicmythology.com/works/OsebergTapestry.html
Thanking you in advance
Adam
If you're interested in the topic, there are plenty of bracteates and other images showing the horned guy, fighters in bear skins (and nude), valkyries and the like. We actually know quite a bit more about old norse ritual and beliefs that conveyed in most history books.
Wow great video! I love Native American history. Have you considered making a video on the history of the Haudenosaunee (aka the Iroquois Confederacy)? I especially found the Beaver wars interesting and I would like to know more about it.
As someone living in Iroquois hunting lands, I can definitely say I don't think of Native Americans hunting on horseback.
No National Anthem of the Netherlands? What channel is this?
Interesting video. I had never asked myself before how natives got their hands on horses.
I know a lot about this subject . But can always learn more. Greatly iinjoy this show
Never knew the Apache were fighting as dragoons.
They followed the Bison on foot. Dogs were their only pack animals.
*buffalo
LikeUnto Buddha In more than one way
Nitis: "What is that strange creature in the distance, it's no Buffalo?! ".
Bimisi: "Dunno, but it looks like your Mum!".
Love it!
The Aztecs (or the small tribes on the Mexican coast living under the Aztec empire) called the Spanish horses “strange deer”.
I am greatful to old chris for telling my ancestors who they were and where they were long live old chris
Herbert you did an article about cattle in Greenland: did the Greenlanders have horses and/or ponies during the Norse early occupation of Greenland.
Columbus watched Magellan TV? Makes sense he would learn from a Portuguese explorer who circumnavigated the planet
Actually, Magellan didn’t complete his endeavour, as he got killed in battle in the Philippines, some 15 years after Columbus’s death.
Yes definitely :P
There are many confusion..you need take all picture..spain is a country but not a Nation..Portugal is a Nation ans a country since 1137..so
Take an exemple: Bulgária=Portugal ; spain = Jugoslávia...all speake a simular language..but spain and Jugoslávia do not have just one..spain have Galego(95%iqual Português) ; Castelhano (60%=the oficial Language of spain...the spanish language does Not Exist) ; Catalão (40%=)..some variations in the south.
Islands and in the north...and also Basco( in NW near France with also Bascos...a language neder From Latim neder eslava or germânica..Unic)..so Portugal since 1415 with conquerer of CEUTA,N.Marrocos..iniciated the travel across the atlântico to arrived to ÍNDIA by sea..and of course whe arrived 1st to América..but whe want Índia ( Canadá to Argentina whe doesn't find Índia) and whe whats trade not colonization( of course whe dosen't find Aztecas neder Incas) so whe across all África
And whe arrived Índia 1498..and oficcialy Brasil 1500
..but spain just 1492 conquer Granada( Andaluzia) and colombo in 1492 arrived Caraibas..but Colombo works in PORTUGAL..but whe send him to deceive the spaniards about the real way to ÍNDIA ( like a spy)..about Magalhães is diferent..probably personal greed ( our king reject him and he goes work to spain) and in fortunately betwen 1580 and 1640 whe are dominated for spain because succession matter..
3:15 the correct name is Francisco Pizarro, the leader of the Inca conquistadores. You got confused with Hernán Cortés, the conquistador of the Aztec empire. Amazing video, anyway.
The grand daughter of the mexica emperor Montezuma was one of the first missionaries into New Mexico. They brought horses and the local tribes learned.
I’m from BC Canada, and our word for dog is sqáxa7, our word for horse is ts̓qáxa7.
Pretty much we named horses “looks like a dog”
Supposedly our mountain “ponies” are smaller compared to the prairie horses.
What they lack in size, they compensate with having more stamina.
What I undurstood, French sold firearms in the east, Indians of the south got horses from the spanish and then they killed each others. Sounds like cold war with less steps
In the South they used feral horses that escaped from the Spanish. They're still around actually; they're called Choctaw horses.
Divide and conquer tactic.
@@biliminsrlar5752 it wasn't that divide and conquer since the natives never were together to begin with.
@@biliminsrlar5752 It wasn't a deliberate tactic. There was no concerted effort to conquer all the lands of the continent until after the United States was established, by which time most of the native American tribes had both horses and guns in their possession.
They were killing each before horses and firearms those weapons made killing more efficient.
I'm a New Englander, so my first thought is a picture of a family making a wigwam. We naturally focused on various Eastern Woodland tribes like the Wampanoag and Narragansett.
It's like Irish people and potatoes, or Swiss people and Chocolate. They seem like they were always connected, but these foods were only introduced to Europe after the discovery of America.
The Jicarilla Apache were the tribe that lived near the plains, were they not? Northeast New Mexico was there territory.
I'm married to a Navajo. She has no interest in teaching the kids about their ancestral culture, so I try to learn as much as I can.
Aside from a few minor differences in what I've learned you did an excellent job. I'm not sure whether being an outsider helped or hindered that.
@Afrodisiac I don't think they're ignorant, they're just whitewash now.
We’re not the same anymore we are Americans now
That’s a real shame to hear man I wish everyone would be more conscious of their roots and their heritage be that what it may.
Dunno, Bro. When I start to speak highly about my ancestors who were unquestionably effective steppe nomads people start to become nervous.
Weird... what people have against Yamnaya (also known, rather imprecisely, as Aryans)? ;)
@@useodyseeorbitchute9450 Your ancestors, and mine, on both sides of my family (Punjabi and Irish-Scots), the "Proto-Indo-Europeans". The term "Aryan" unfortunately now has terrible connotations having nothing to do with our shared ancestors and at least for now is tainted by its misuse by bigots.
The horses did not escape during the revolution; they were deliberately released and set free to prevent their reuse by the Spanish. That is the only reason there were enough horses to create the horse culture that existed within the great plains in the 1700's. The horse cavalry is why Western Indian tribes survived better than most Eastern tribes. Want to live? Be armed.
Really enjoyed the video. I live in Caddo country and remember my grandparents telling me I would be taken off by the Comanche if I didn't behave. I look forward to those future vidoes.
Most definitely learned a lot from this video! Keep up focus on Native American history in the Americas, because it’s basically ignored in school teaching and in mainstream culture in general.
I love your work
“Pueblo” in this context means people, or folk. Also, Mexico is part of North America
Central* fixed it
Christian Bateman I don’t think so. There’s a diferencie between North America and Northern America
Pueblo in this context means town or village. The many Pueblo people of New Mexico and Arizona were called Pueblo people because they lived in settled communities called pueblos made of stone and adobe. This distinguished them from other native Americans such as the Navajo, Apache and Comanche who were nomadic, living in rough shelters made of tree branches and animal skins.
Pueblos also had title to there communal lands via land grants from the Spanish empire.
@Christian Bateman
You're wrong. Mexico is part of North America. Central America historically has been the countries between Mexico and Panamá.
You what would have been awesome.
Native Americans domesticating mastodons. (they were smaller and more manageable)
Dragoons
Thank you for spreading this knowledge. As a history nerd I’m always arguing with people about this subject. When I try to explain to someone that Europeans brought the modern horse to the americas I always get “but what about the Indians hunting Buffalo on horses”.
So again thank you for getting this knowledge out there
I was reading the red baron's book and was surprised when he said he had been hunting and had had the 'privilage' of shooting one of the last European bison. European bison? i thought and lo and behold people found some in the Caucasus mountains and are reintroducing them to europe. Fun fact in the usa they got down to 27 pure plains bison in Yellowstone. 27!!!! The national guard was sent in to protect them.
Adam Roodog
There are bison in the polish black forest still.
Robustus the old old Forrest on the border between Poland and Belarus was the first place they were reintroduced in 1951. After the last ones in the wild in Poland were shot in 1921. The last wild bison were shot in 1927 in the Caucasus. There were only 9 left in poland and they were kept in captivity until their reintrodution. Even lower numbers than the plains bison in the usa. Imagine how close they were to just being a memory, on both continents
It's crazy how close it was but yeah they've been reintroduced in the border forests in Poland and Belarus which is really cool. Very glad to have been able to see them in the wild in Yellowstone.
My good sir apparently they have them in the Netherlands as well now as im sure you knew. They're an amazing animal and the world would have been a lesser place without them. While i was rereading up on this i noticed 'they' are trying to rebread the aurochs in a couple of interesting ways. I dont think i know of any other animal that has been un(?)domesticated. Also there is a feral herd of cattle in Chillingham Northumbria that been doing its thing since 1645. Their behavior is quite different to todays cattle.
Keep up the good work and steer clear of the dreaded lurgy
Adam
We have bison in Denmark too now. And wolves and wild boar has wandered in from Germany. The farmers hate them. Eagles are back as well.
Hernan Cortes conquered Aztecs and Francisco Pizarro conquered Incas :)
Anyone remember that Florence & the Machine "Dog Days"? The lyrics of the chorus read
"The dog days are over, the dog days are over,
Can you hear the horses cause here they come"...
I wonder if she's referring to the Blackfeet's "Dog Days"?
Never learned this in school. I live in Oklahoma...it's sad really.
tifani martin yeah it’s the worst; so much white supremacy in the curiculum
Incredibly true. My grandkids are part Delaware...even though I am not biologically related to them I let them know how awesome it is to have native heratige. Wish I had some.
I live in Oklahoma, and I learned this stuff in sixth grade.
@@Mvenven your comment is total BS, not true and frankly quite offensive. I learned about Native Americans and their horses as well as other cultures from a young age, just not nearly to the extent and a detailed timeline as presented in this video.
@@suzanneyoung8011 I disagree. I grew up in Tejas, schooled with one Mescalero Apache and can feel the 'whiteness' with every inspection of anything in our culture. Our culture is full of a mentality that 'white' is real when skin pigment has little bearing on a person's being perceived as from one people group or another. People of color in this nation know this from a young age but their experience is as the oppressed, not the oppressor. A good example of this invisible phenom is how these united States acquired ~ half of Mexico simply because we were in our '20's' and full of attitude and acquisitiveness while the northern parts of Mexico, including Tejas and much of the SW, were the abandoned spoils of the Comanche wars in those parts. Everything is connected yet often the causes are not discerned. Most of the true history of our nation is whitewashed. Same with most nations. It does no good to deny this in ignorance and every time we lose the lessons of the past if so. Thankfully many 'whites' in our nation are learning to deal with these facts. We are beginning to realize we are wealthy because of the centuries of poverty we forced on those we chose to use for our profit.
It remarkable how fast humans adapt to changes in technology.
Native American history is very complex but the answer to the question is they acquired the horse from the Spanish in the 15th to the 16th century. After Columbus, who was an Italian who sailed for Spain, the Spanish continued their adventurism into the western hemisphere bringing the horse with them aboard ship.
Yáh'áh'téh greetings from the Navajo Nation when the Spaniard came a Navajo man follow the Spaniard he watch them how they ride the horse at that time we were call Apache de Navajo then they shortened it to Navajo anyway one night he stole one horse he took it back to the family camp everybody wanted to try riding the horse than everyone wanted a so they stole them horses we quickly became good Horsemen and started raiding other tribes including the Spanish and Mexicans we also took sheep and cattles even women and children
Sorry man you've got a lot of old very out of date information. It's not your fault, it's more common for people to be out of date than up to date when it comes to American horse history. Do a little research on more recent discoveries, and you'll find that they have over a dozen different horses that have been found in Central North America ranging from Canada down to Texas that range in date anywhere from 100 years before Columbus to a couple thousand years before Columbus. Most of the information you're sharing is old information that has been disproven multiple times by multiple different discoveries.
In the Navajo tradition, the horse was introduce by a holy deity know as Turquoise boy. Where this deity lived was the southern boundry of the Navajo Homeland. Also in navajo call horse "łįį."
🇪🇸🇲🇽🇺🇸🇳🇮
I think it's really important to mention the indigenous auxiliarys to the spanish, the stable boys, the northern mexican conquests, the chichimecs before the puebloans.
You should reach out to the A Life in Ruins Podcast. All three of them are archeologist!!! This would seem like something they would love to talk about. Also great job on the video!!!
San Gabriel (Española ) was founded before Santa Fe. It was NM first capital.
Thank you! You would very much enjoy the Shoshone Comanche reunions held at the Comanche tribal headquarters just north of Lawton, Oklahoma. Come and be welcome!
Great video.
They generally mounted from the right because that’s the hand the weapon was carried. Scabbards and holsters weren’t a thing in the beginning.
A piece of data (I don't know how relevant it might be, though) Back in my university years, I learned that old Spanish legislation included a free, comunal land area around the new settlements (or the existing and conquered ones) called "ejidos" . These "ejidos" had the purpose of both expanding the town's urban grid and give the empoverished settlers the chance of growing food and keeping domestic animals such as cattle, pigs, and horses. These animals usually roamed freely as there was no owner. These cattle, pig ands horses eventually became wild and therefore spread to new areas in the Americas, thus evolving into "creole" breeds. Perhaps this could be one of the reasons why native North Americans (and native Argentinians too) adopted and domesticated horses
I had this question in the back of my mind for a while, haha thanks for the vid
So what would you say to a goofball before “horsing around” became a thing?
I see what you did there ;)
No more doggin'
Near where I live there's a bayou called Buffalo Bayou. I understand it was called this because it was a buffalo jump.
Native Americans drove buffalo off the steep edge of the bayou, causing many animals to be injured or killed. It was a great way to lay in a good supply of hides(tents), jerky and pemmican for the winter.
Buffalo jumps were used when available by Native Americans.
It really is amazing how fast horses spread throughout America. And not only how fast the species spread but how fast the horse culture spread.
For many of the tribes it changed everything. For instance the Navajo don't even have a history before the horse. Everything started with the horse as far as they are concerned.
Horses and camels both evolved in North America first, before crossing over into Eurasia.
When Natives saw Horses and Gun they fought "Bro, now were talking"
The irony is that horses were originally native to the Americas.
It was David Thompson who wintered with the Blackfoot not Daniel. The old chief he spoke with was actually Cree living with the Blackfoot. The Cree name for the horse means "Big Dog" but the Blackfoot name incorporates their name for the Elk/Red Deer/Wapiti which is Ponoka. So the Blockfoot saw the horse more as an antlerless Elk. They raided south perhaps almost as far as northern Texas for their first horses...according to David Thompson.
David Ap Thomas, Angliced to David Thompson. Another Welshman who is passed of as English. A censes from when he was around had Wales as his place of birth. He only grew up in London.
Loved this presentation. Have always had an interest in Native American history. Have visited some of the places they use to range, and seen where battles took place. Would love to see more!
Relremembering that Christopher Columbus was Portuguese and his name was "salvador Gonçalves zarco", a Portuguese born in "Cuba" in Portugal.
The owens valley paiute and shoshones stole them from alta ca and diffrent areas on the coast. Closely related to Bannock and comanche the owens valley has alot of numic languages and were known as horsethief indians.. The mono paiute or monache.. also the spanish trail was called by indians payuudi or paiute trail. The oregon trail. John muir trail ,the california trail and the road to utah was horse trails. Also during the 1830 the spanish released 30000 wild horses in san joaquin valley where the western mono also monanche bands and owens valley bands got it also during.g that time. The numic migration happend with horses. The eastern shoahone are owens valley paiute and shoshone and the ethnogenisis of the eastern shoshone shows this. The uto aztecan speakers are the Aztec people... now called Numu or Niwi or Paiute ,mono,Bannock, shoshone. The more you kno... im a paiute shoshone and in our oral history we know of three brothers who stole horses.. and the ethnographers kno thia. But the u.s. government hates us and tried to take the horse history away. But the spanish feared the numic people.
As a Blackfoot I approve of this video!
Blackfoot!
Yeah that was driving me crazy too
A couple generations ago, Blackfeet was as common. things change
I couldn’t imagine all the cool stories the tribes have lived through that weren’t documented. Such as who was fighting who and who built what
And in the days of Lewis and Clark (early 1800's) it was still known as the undiscovered frontier, To think how much earlier the Spaniards made it to the west, or the southwest is hard to imagine, so the horse progression took many years to spread and by the time the Anglos made it way out west many of the tribes already had horses.
The horse= past modern technology used to attack those who attacked them first. Ferral horses. You mentioned that in the movie Stagecoach they depicted Apache as great riders,(you said this wasn't true) but the movie time period would have been post Civil War which was a bit after 1863 in fact....so this was much later (over 200 years later) then what you were discussing the 1650s when the Apache got hold of Mexican horses.
You're a really good narrator and you're from another country thanks for being interested in our native people. I love history my Dad would read history when ever he could. Thanks for the video I didnt know a few things you called attention too! 🐎🐕
Great video Hilbert would love to see more native American stuff cheers from Colorado
I find it funny, I'm from Wisconsin and so are my parents, including my grandparents. But, my grandfather(my mother's dad) was half Blackfeet and half Ojibwa, and my grandmother(my dad's mother) is Cherokee. Now people don't believe me when I say I'm Native American, when I'm the color of mayonnaise, my hair is blonde, and my eyes are blue. I have a Roman nose and feet. I also never lived on a reservation like my grandfather did with his parents. I don't remember most of the stories he told me because I was extremely young(around 3 or 4) and being 18 now it's kinda hard to remember what he's told me. He passed away in 2008 so like I said I was very very young at that time. Wish I could've became closer with him and learned more about our ancestors, and how they lived 100's maybe even thousands of years ago. I do my research now as I'm history geek. I wish I could teach it, bet my GPA in school is waaay too low for college, I almost graduated with a 3.0 but nah. Hopefully one day I can teach people the things I know now.
I think the Americas would be much more advanced and civilised if it had horses since it would allow for easier conquest and transportation
So would Africa
@@sashamoore9691 yes but this isn't about africa
Read all the Spanish and English explorers chronicles, many gives an account of seeing horses . Cartier, Cabot, pizzaro, noticed pre Hispanic horses. Many horses effigies have been found. Lui shen 400 ad, from China explored the Aztecs and made reference to Aztec horses and wagons . True ! Read his 800 page account to the Chinese emperor.
Does anyone know what the native americans called horses in their various languages? as in what word the used for them. Did they borrow one from Spanish or did they make up their own?
Vikings came to North America before Christopher Columbus they had horses too.
@moptop guap long enough to have them left after battle when dead lol only takes a couple to start a herd sir then came the Spanish in 1500s. My mothers family came in the 1500s from spain my dads side native american lol. So my family blood line is older than America on this continent. Who would have thunk it lol
They didn't use up valuable room for a non food animal when traveling that far.
There is evidence the horse never left: search.proquest.com/docview/1895090520?pq-origsite=gscholar
@@danachos
Tim McCoy wife's account.
David my Pop a horse wrangler and made his living
Breaking wild horses. ( He believed in gentle breaking.)
His mother was Eastern Cherokee. He held that the native horse culture was too
developed to have been just due to the Spanish pony. The appaloosa is a good example.
There is documentary on Amazon about a New Zealand
Woman who went to Kyrgyzstan to do DNA testing on spotted horses she saw there. Yes they were appaloosas. Pop would've loved that .
Fun fact: since horses replaced the role of dogs for dragging supplies for nomadic tribes like the Cree they were "Big dogs" atim (a-tim) means dog, and misatim (mis-a-tim) means big dog/horse.