Well they have been screwed over and over again by the aristocrats and clergies, the resentment was right for the picking. Marie antoinette just served as a perfect little pebble to start the avalance
Dumas did make a book out of it ;) In fact I think 3 series of book during the revolution, the first one named in French "Le Collier de la reine " (the queens necklace)
@@kyuven he didn't need to use this one for the three marketeer 1/ he write a book about this story too (I just checked, you can find it on Project Gutenberg ) 2/ the Spanish- Austrian queen, the Cardinal (way more important than in this story as he was the principal minister of Louis XIII) existed and the relation between the queen and the English duke seems to have been at least heavy gossip. (There is just the intriguant that perhaps was completely invented or mixed from this story in the 3 musketeer ( but I'd not bet on it, after all intriguant are existing at all time, just perhaps we lost the inspiration for this one ;)
@@cgt3704 The French revolution was the early years of the importance of public opinion, and admitedly she did face more than her fair share of fake news In reality, she was associated with reactionary bullies like Fersen, Charles d'Artois, Francis of Austria, among others. She was close with all of them, but I don't think we could call that cruelty. It's more than likely just bad public relations.
You know you are unpopular when someone forges your signature, you expose them and still get the blame. Let’s just hope she doesn’t lose her head over the whole affair…
@@Edmonton-of2ec She pretty much is a victim - from historical records, both her and Louis XVI were pretty normal and rather good people, but not really cut out to rule in times given to them. The sad thing is Louis was even trying to cause economic reforms and give more power to common people (or, to be more precise, wealthy bourgeoisie) while taxing nobility and church, but was blocked by both (nobility and church). And then bourgeoisie moved to economic and social movement that became Revolution.
That's what happens with your public image is so bad. You get blamed for all kinds of things you didn't do, but could plausibly be seen as doing. Like if I said a certain Donald was using private "contractors" at Fort Nox, and that there have an atypical amount of truck traffic to and from the base over last 6 months. Which is absolutely baseless and easily disproved... but how likely would one be to suspect The Donald of stealing US gold reserves? We know that if he could do it, he would.
Madame du Barry: speech - 100 Julie d'Aubigny: horny bard Otto von Bismarck: keeps making his saving throws Ibn Battuta: keeps ignoring the railroad Cheng I Sao: shows up halfway through the game and accidentally becomes the DM Joan of Arc: thought she was going to play a normal game Genghis Khan: whatever it's called when you 100% Mount and Blade Mansa Musa: guys I found the infinite bag of money I don't have a problem, you have a problem.
"Jeanne died in London as a result of injuries sustained after falling from her hotel room window, while hiding from debt collectors. A contemporary report in The Times stated that she was found "terribly mangled, her left eye cut out - one of her arms and both her legs are broken." Who says Karma isn't real?
That's the first time I've heard about a foreigner dying by falling from a hotel window in british soil instead of a british dying from falling (jumping) from a hotel window in foreign soil.
@@Madhattersinjeans Okay then. Give us a reason to not want her to suffer other than *sHE's A sMaRT InDepEnDEnT WoMaN WHo iS a vICtIm iF yOu LOok cLoSE EnOugH*
@@sidbid1590 Because no one deserves to suffer such painful death? Is that enough? If before you make any assumptions, I'd say the same thing if she was a man. Torture and punishment aren't the same. Her punishment should have been the debth collectors, not the person who tortured her to death. Quite frankly, I believe that not even the nastiest criminals deserve to be tortured. And if you torture someone in the name of punishment, you act on your own sadistic desires to see them suffer, rather than bringing them to court to have them receive an actual punishment by the law. Remember, punishment makes you want to not commit the things you did. Torture just f.cks you up mentally and physically.
Actions still speak louder than words. Her being so ignorant to the point she would say ‘let them eat cake’ is arguably more defendable than her knowing the plight of the French people and still living her extravagant lifestyle anyway
5:07 "My little Cabbage..." me to my daughter: "Haha, French people used names of vegetables as pet names for their loved ones... isn't that funny Pumpkin?"
I think Marie Antoinette deserves a TV show of her own. To maybe clean up all the wrong assumptions people make about her. Some show like The Reign, or Medici the Magnificent
@@arx3516 Solid show. Can't say how historically accurate it is, but this particular event is pretty much identical. Very good at humanizing Marie Antoinette. Her husband is a little underdeveloped though.
The French Revolution is way, way, waaaay too big for a series. I think approaching it in parts, whether single episodes like this one or in their own miniseries, is probably better than a series on the French Revolution as a whole. Maybe they could set the groundwork for the Revolution with a few more one-offs, then start tackling different stages of the revolution as different series.
As far as I remember, Marie Antoinette spending wasn't really that bad. She was just mostly hated for being foreigner and being easy target to hate. Even legendary quote about cake wasn't really her, but just attributed to her.
@@TheCyricSun It should be noted that not only it was popular after-time for nobility in these times, but her own palace and it's grounds were smaller than of many other nobility.
In addition, "cake" was a bad translation into English to begin with and differences in how even commonly found bread is sold even in 1950s vs 18th century means it takes a paragraph to explain what was going on. (The cheapest bread sold having price controls [and being far inferior to even the cheapest brand you'd find in stores today] but that price control was at a small loss, but to avoid bakeries not making enough of the cheap stuff they put in an additional rule that if they ran out of the cheapest bread, they'd have to sell the next quality of bread up they had in stock at that price controlled price for a larger loss.)
I always think of that series when I hear about this scandal. Jeanne had a much more tragic end in that version. I always felt kind of bad for her husband, he was kind of a dumbass and a drunk, but she wouldn't even let him die as a soldier as he wanted in the end.
@@BonaparteBardithion I would say that Rose of Versailles mostly is VERY historically accurate. There are a few things they added that are fiction Such as they changed Jeanne's death, originally she died from falling out of a window they changed it to an explosion. ALSO Rosalie's real mother was NOT Duchess Polignac. In real life she was just a servant, though I like the backstory they added for her character. I kind of wish it were true BECAUSE that would have been really interesting irl.
I read the manga yes imo it is mostly pretty accurate and good. They DID change a few things though. As someone mentioned, Jeanne died much more tragically in THAT version/variant of the story. She was blown up/exploded
@@moonscout3702 Also Jeanne and Rosalie are clearly not sisters as Rosalie was a servant tho server Marie Antoinette in her late days and Jeanne was an impoverished descendant of the Valois royal family through an illegitimate son of King Henry II
I like that Rose of Versailles manga covered it. Plus their take on Marie Antoinette as a naïveté girl who ignored her mother’s advice (not indulging in luxury, listening to capable man, and not currying gifts for personal pleasure) due to being exposed to French Court Decadence after growing up in austere Austrian court.
@@blackacidgaming5672 Try to detox from the Patriotic KoolAid buddy. Maybe then you'd realize that we've got Royals in all but name who got better at PR.
Ok thank god someone else noticed that, I thought I was going crazy or they ment George ii instead of Henry ii, thank you for confirming I did, indeed, pay atention in college
I first heard about this event while watching the anime “Rose of Versailles”. At first I thought it was all cooked up for the series- come on, a story this wild HAS to have been invented for a melodramatic shojo series... then I did some research and found out it was actually based in historical facts!
Yeah. Its interesting how different two summaries focusing on different POVs on the same event can be so different. I'd love a special Lies with Shane and Rob comparing notes and why they decided to include what they did.
Great video - Minor note - Jean de la Motte was not claiming to be an illegitimate child of Henri II, but a DESCENDANT of an Henri de Saint-Remi, an illegitimate son of the King. Henri II had been dead 230 off years by this point.
On a side note, WATCH ROSE OF VERSAILLES (the anime, "Versailles no Bara"), it's incredible. It's an amazingly enjoyable to watch, with the famous dramatic skills from the director Ozamu Dezaki, with dozens and dozens of unforgettable moments. The episodes where this story happens are unbelievable, seeing Jeanne getting away with everything, what a legend! Seriously, watch that anime!
That's a bit tricky, considering it was never officially released (subbed or dubbed) in the Anglosphere, due to the mangaka's severe issues with American/British censorship. Still, I suppose one can root around the internet for fansubs.
I remember hearing about this story from Mike Duncan's Revolutions podcast. This was one of the weirdest stories ever that would assist to her......lightheadedness.
You know I have kept trying to watch it, but have never fully gotten into it. It is one of those animes that I would rather watch while doing other things, which has been a problem since there is no english dub of it. So I never get very far into it before I go off to do something else. Which is sad because I only ever hear great things about it and my perception of what I have seen is that it looks impressive.
@@FelisTerras If you want the rough plot of _BeruBara_ with the level of goriness of _Berserk_ and absolutely gorgeous art, may I direct you to _Innocent_ and _Innocent Rouge_ by Shin'ichi Sakamoto? youngjump.jp/innocent/
@@FelisTerras I've never heard anyone say that about riyoko ikeda's art And I am genuinely curious now. What is it you don't like about it specifically. Is it more that you have a problem with the animation itself. Because I think for a '70s anime it's very well drawn. Of course I hate to be one of those read the manga people. But the art and the manga is absolutely beautiful. They recently re-released the manga in English as a hardcover and I've been collecting them they're just stunning to look at.
@@GrimoireOfTheSage I can get why you'd have a problem with that. I have terrible focus which is why I usually watch English dubbed anime. I got lucky in that for some reason something about the Rose of Versailles really clicked with me and I was able to watch it all the way through over a short period of time.
It’s weird that there was a time where teenagers could rule a country. I don’t blame Marie Antoinette for spending money like crazy. Few people would possess the maturity needed to run a country at 14. She also lived far from home, was married to another teenager, and didn’t have friends. It makes that she would reject an expensive necklace even if it was from a dead family member. Back in those days, accepting gifts from strangers was probably an omen.
Rose of Versailles. This anime also portrayed the Necklace Case. Very well made anime which portrays the era before the French Revolution. Although it has some holes in accuracy but it is one of the great animes that is based on Pre French Revolution.
Marie really was not as terrible as people say/believe. You have to remember she was raised and taught to entertain diplomats and the like. Her whole job was looking good, and help alliances by being entertaining and friendly. She was not raised to actually rule a nation. And it was a very odd bubble that she was brought up in, so she was more of ignorant as opposed to heartless and malicious.
Cons tend to be victims of their own success, and start to believe they can talk their way out of anything. Let alone always striving for an ever larger score.
In high school I did a research paper on diamonds. One book had a picture like the one in the video, of what the necklace is thought to have looked like. I made up a model of it with plastic "crystal" beads. Took a long time to do it. It was a great visual aid, and I later wore it with a Halloween costume.
2:54 She probably did not say that, since Henri the Second had been dead for more than two centuries (1559 , to be precise). However, according to Wikipedia, Jeanne's father was likely descended from a bastard of Henri II and one of his mistresses, and was eventually granted a stipend because of his royal blood.
I really enjoyed listening to this on Mike Duncan’s ‘Revolutions’ podcast with his French Revolution season. It’s nice to hear this convoluted story again!
7:36 why are you depicting "Liberty Leading the People"? that's the July Revolution of 1830. That's not the French Revolution of 1789. That's a 41 years difference.
Absolutely. And it certainly isn't the first time I saw this painting used on historical TH-cam channels as depicting the French Revolution. Clothes and especially the top hat should be sufficient clues that the events described by Delacroix happened much later. I guess the symbol prevails... But this very common mistake has always felt a bit weird to me.
God, the tangled history leading up to the horror and evil of the french revolution never ceases to amaze me no matter how many times I hear it described.
I am suspicious of all these concerns of criticism for being the spend thrift. A Queen of France would not be expected to live frugally. I suspect all of this was made up afterwards to justify the execution
Being royalty is a no-win scenario. You grow up having everyone tell you you need to be the center of attention in every room you enter. Then when you're the center of attention, you make for a great target.
Actually, having the aristocracy spend ridiculous amounts of money on wardrobe, parties and mansions was how Ludwig XV controlled the parliament. By enforcing strict guidelines on how to properly dress for court, he ensured that the members of parliament were always low on money, so they lacked bribe money. After his death, these rules were losened but the mindframe of spending money left and right remained embossed. And since she was the Queen, she had to live by example.
Honestly, it would be surprising if people at the time really believed that, as poverty was rampant and the only way for many poor families to survive was to send their daughters to closed houses for a few bucks. Perhaps many of them cold relate to her situatio, if she was presented as a poor girl that desperately needed money.
Yep, That's Delacroix' "La Liberté Guidant le Peuple" about 1830's Revolution. It's okay to get mixed up with our revolutions. We had quite a few of thoses. fun fact: it was the 100 francs banknote before the euros.
@@CivilWarWeekByWeek yeah some of their political power and really old history book did try to portray them Gaulish (giving them some appearance of some Barbar fighting against the roman, except gaul don't look like some typical barbar some imagine. They were cleaner than the roman and had some really good crafting skills). But french aren't Gaul. France history is a bit younger.
@@jjc5475 ohhh I love asterix and obelix (even if I didn't read tje last one... yet). But for the " French" history I prefer another comics "histoire dessinée de la France" vol 2 "Les gaulois" & 3 "pax romana" for this period :p
It's ironic that everyone thought Marie Antoinette wanted that overfancy diamond necklace yet in reality she didn't really like wearing fancy necklaces at all - if you look at portraits of her, she either wears simple pearl necklaces or no necklace at all.
not only that! her dresses also seems so simple compared to huge and full of details dresses of other noblewomen. and it's proven that in reality, she wanted to be comfortable in her dresses, to the point she was mocked for it
truly enlightening to hear, most of what I though I knew about Marie Antoinette turn out to be nothing but hearsay glad I could have such a misconception cleared up
Fun fact: Marie didn't eat much at court because she was so depressed. She didn't spend the money she spent on cake... she just spent tens of thousands (hundreds of thousands now) of dollars in art and clothes...per day
I fear its worse, in the sense that our current noble class send their money over seas where the average person can't get to them and the fact they do that so they don't have to pay taxes. So when we go after them, they scream bankruptcy and run. Something nobles back then could not do.
@@thewingedhussar4188 I agree; however, nobles did not pay taxes in pre-revolutionary France. Indeed, one of the main ways to prove your noble status was to demonstrate that you had not paid taxes.
The world is a corrupt place, and that has never been any different. What can we do about it though? It's not like we can convince all of the 'nobles' to start paying their share. They're all Scrooge McDuck-ing their way through life, even in nations who pride themselves in being all about 'equality'.
@Smooth Luigi You mean explode into chaos and anarchy, only for another madman to rule with terror? Look, I'm not trying to say that the French revolution was unjust, but the Terror under Robespierre was far worse than life under the king, definitely in the rural areas. It's something that occurs often: people rise up, with grand ideals, which quickly make way for opportunistic cash grabbing and illegitimate rises to power.
Everyone knows Marie-Antoinette gets hard done by history over this story but less known is the future of the Cardinal de Rohan. The palace of the Cardinals in Strasbourg is now a very nice art gallery; just outside it, there's a pretty tacky ice cream parlour named after the Affair of the Diamond Necklace, done up all Rococo style. The walls are plastered with 18th century style caricatures and screeds about all the players in this story, it's ridiculous but I've got to admit say it does embody the French national spirit pretty perfectly. Anyway, the rest of his life isn't much fun for him: De Rohan ends up having to lay low in disgraceful exile in a series of monasteries, gets back to his bishopric of the city of Strasbourg just in time for his rule to collapse completely in the early days of 1789, has his rights and titles given to some other rando, and local radicals (including the author of the Marseillaise) start a succesfull campaign against the Cardinals ever coming back and against this guy's legacy in particular !
We need a serie of the french revolution (with of course some things say for the period prior) and the napoleonic wars. Of course with the best art of extra history (like the one "the field of the cloth of gold" the haitian revolution etc).
no, because directors of such a show will be too cowardish to show the truth and tell that not all France agreed with revolution, how many towns and cities revolted against it, making the story look more like a civil war which it was. because after knowing such a facts, all portrayals of French Revolution seems lame to me
2:54 That would be quite difficult, as King Henry II died in 1559, over 200 years prior (lance to the eye during a tournament, maybe prophecied by Nostradamus, helped kick off the Wars of Religion - nasty stuff). She *was* the descendant of his bastard son, though. What's that? Irrelevant and beside the point you say? A'ight, forget it.
Maybe the jewellers should have broken up the necklace and reworked it into pieces of more affordable jewellery once they realised what an expensive white elephant it had become.
please watch the Rose of Versailles they show all of this through the eyes of a fictional member of the queen's guard. but the rest of the history is very accurate, and the anime is a classic. it's utterly incredible, and like this video, will show you Marie Antoinette in a slightly different light.
So, instead of the selfish stupid nymphomaniac habsburg queen, she is shown as what she is, a queen who cared of the people of France and was a target because she act normally as a noble (seriously, what she was doing, and the amount of money she put in, was common even maybe not that much for some of the things she was doing) and was from the Habsburg (Lorraine but meh) Dynasty ? Seriously, poor Marie.
BeruBara4Ham ikr, isn't it amazing!!!??? the same author also did the anime "oniisama e..." if you liked the rose of versailles, i highly recomment you check out oniisama e..
I just see a few episodes, but isn't that weird than, at the end, Oscar betrayed Marie-antoinette ? I think than had her fight for the monarchy (especially because this was the nobility fault, not the King and queen one) would had been good.
Huh. That's an interesting and new view of the topic I haven't heard before. Nice new look on the topic, lots of history summaries seemed to have missed these parts.
A little detail I remember from when I first learned about this story. The Woman Jeanne hired to impersonate Marie Antionette was her husband's mistress. Also Rohan was once ambassador to Vienna and pissed people off by having a bunch of small tables.
Ahmed Ziad Turk.... thank you so much for allowing my favorite TH-cam channel to produce videos. Soon as i am off a crap wage job i hope to have name said like yours.
People who disliked Marie-Antoinette at the time called her "l'Autrichienne", which literally means "The Austrian (Female)" but contains the world "Autre" (Other) and "Chienne" (female dog aka a "bitch").
Oh man, what a comedy of errors this was. Lmao. Great work guys. Also, for those interested, Watcher covered this incident on their show Puppet History. It's really funny and I suggest you watch it. Especially if you are fans of Buzzfeed Unsolved and/or puppets.
The image at 7:36 is based on a Eugene Delacroix painting and portrays Liberty leading the people, a commemoration of the July Revolution of 1830, not the French revolution which took place nearly 40 years earlier.
Correction: Jeanne was not passing herself off as an illegitimate child of Henry II. That would make no sense seing as Henry II died in 1559 and that would make her over 200 years old if she had been his daughter. She was instead an actual descendant of an illegitimate son of Henry II.
She was a Habsburg-Lorraine , the Habsburg-Lorraine were having a shitty situation with the propaganda in the last decades of their rules, and before, the french propaganda had seriously hurt her cause.
Marie-antoinette was actually kind and had done good actions for the people of France, there was problems before she was even born, and the nobility and the Church refused to give money. If they had done this (remember than they had no taxes at all) there would not had a problem, or the situation could had been calm, not only because more money for the state was good, but it's would had shown than the King cared enough of his people for be against the nobility and the Church (actually he was ready to do this, he had try to do it, but he couldn't because those were too strong).
The cardinal was tricked, he was backstabbed, and he was quite possibly bamboozled
Hello, Justin Y of the history community
Ah I see your a man of culture as well
AND he was messing around! Not sympathetic.
he's been speckldorfed!
Most certainly bamboozled.
It's a shame that the French people were so quick to lose their heads over the incident
Especially the aristocrat.
Jokes aside, we are talking about the french
Do you really expect cool-headed responses from all of them?
I see what you did there.
wait is that a pun
Well they have been screwed over and over again by the aristocrats and clergies, the resentment was right for the picking. Marie antoinette just served as a perfect little pebble to start the avalance
Marie: * shivers *
Louis: Something wrong dear?
Marie: I feel like another misconception about me has just been ingrained into popular culture.
"What, again? You sure it's not just a draft?"
Putting missconceptions into popular thinking arent we? well... there is a tax for that
@@Mitaka.Kotsuka making a reference to another channel?? oof, there's a tax for that..
@@aidanrogers6767 OhhhhhhNo
*Visibly frightened*
*Sips tea*
Quite.
largest diamond necklace ever: no
my hair is a boat: YES
Got to pick your priorities sometimes.
An oversimplified reference?
Oooh mmm, there’s definitly a tax for that
I think there is a bit of a difference between something costing like idk 100 dollars vs 14.6million
She really wanted to be boat lol
An Austrian Queen, a Cardinal, a scheming courtier woman, a diamond necklace.
Serious Three Musketeers vibes.
Makes sense. Dumas would've grown up with these stories.
I was wondering about that myself
Dumas wrote another novel about this incident. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Queen%27s_Necklace
Dumas did make a book out of it ;)
In fact I think 3 series of book during the revolution, the first one named in French "Le Collier de la reine " (the queens necklace)
@@kyuven he didn't need to use this one for the three marketeer
1/ he write a book about this story too (I just checked, you can find it on Project Gutenberg )
2/ the Spanish- Austrian queen, the Cardinal (way more important than in this story as he was the principal minister of Louis XIII) existed and the relation between the queen and the English duke seems to have been at least heavy gossip. (There is just the intriguant that perhaps was completely invented or mixed from this story in the 3 musketeer ( but I'd not bet on it, after all intriguant are existing at all time, just perhaps we lost the inspiration for this one ;)
To be fair, Marie Antoniete was easy to use as a scapegoat because she was Austrian.
and yet people still think she is cruel
I'll that in mind if I ever need a scapegoat. Btw, how can I meet more Austrias?
@Caped Crusader thats my point
@@cgt3704 The French revolution was the early years of the importance of public opinion, and admitedly she did face more than her fair share of fake news
In reality, she was associated with reactionary bullies like Fersen, Charles d'Artois, Francis of Austria, among others. She was close with all of them, but I don't think we could call that cruelty. It's more than likely just bad public relations.
What is up with Austrians starting major wars?
You know you are unpopular when someone forges your signature, you expose them and still get the blame. Let’s just hope she doesn’t lose her head over the whole affair…
Never say never, eh?
Who's the Scapegoat?
Viewers: Jean de la Motte
The Third Estate: Marie Antionette
Extra Credits fans: Robert Walpole
Rainb0wWarrior1, all hail the omnipresent deity Robert Walpole!
It's always -DNS- Walpole
You deserve my 'like'. Take. IT.
Nick del Sobral all hail planful Otto! All hail!
Puppet History fans: Ryan
WAIT! ARE YOU TELLING ME IT WASN'T EVEN MARIE ANTONIETE FAULT THE WHOLE SCANDAL?? MY LIFE IS A LIE!!
Hilarious
Yup. Ironically she is a victim in this crime
How,are you the heir?Well Robespierre wants to know your location
@@Edmonton-of2ec She pretty much is a victim - from historical records, both her and Louis XVI were pretty normal and rather good people, but not really cut out to rule in times given to them. The sad thing is Louis was even trying to cause economic reforms and give more power to common people (or, to be more precise, wealthy bourgeoisie) while taxing nobility and church, but was blocked by both (nobility and church).
And then bourgeoisie moved to economic and social movement that became Revolution.
That's what happens with your public image is so bad. You get blamed for all kinds of things you didn't do, but could plausibly be seen as doing.
Like if I said a certain Donald was using private "contractors" at Fort Nox, and that there have an atypical amount of truck traffic to and from the base over last 6 months. Which is absolutely baseless and easily disproved... but how likely would one be to suspect The Donald of stealing US gold reserves? We know that if he could do it, he would.
Madame du Barry: speech - 100
Julie d'Aubigny: horny bard
Otto von Bismarck: keeps making his saving throws
Ibn Battuta: keeps ignoring the railroad
Cheng I Sao: shows up halfway through the game and accidentally becomes the DM
Joan of Arc: thought she was going to play a normal game
Genghis Khan: whatever it's called when you 100% Mount and Blade
Mansa Musa: guys I found the infinite bag of money
I don't have a problem, you have a problem.
Befjejfi everyone is a mood-
Otto von Bismarck: The guy who always has a plan
Lol Mount & Blade. There is no name for completing it :P
My name is Alexander Hamilton-
Walpole: Puppet master
"Jeanne died in London as a result of injuries sustained after falling from her hotel room window, while hiding from debt collectors. A contemporary report in The Times stated that she was found "terribly mangled, her left eye cut out - one of her arms and both her legs are broken."
Who says Karma isn't real?
That is one heck of an _'accident'._
That's the first time I've heard about a foreigner dying by falling from a hotel window in british soil instead of a british dying from falling (jumping) from a hotel window in foreign soil.
I was looking for that. I hope that woman burns in hell.
@@Madhattersinjeans Okay then. Give us a reason to not want her to suffer other than *sHE's A sMaRT InDepEnDEnT WoMaN WHo iS a vICtIm iF yOu LOok cLoSE EnOugH*
@@sidbid1590 Because no one deserves to suffer such painful death? Is that enough? If before you make any assumptions, I'd say the same thing if she was a man. Torture and punishment aren't the same. Her punishment should have been the debth collectors, not the person who tortured her to death. Quite frankly, I believe that not even the nastiest criminals deserve to be tortured. And if you torture someone in the name of punishment, you act on your own sadistic desires to see them suffer, rather than bringing them to court to have them receive an actual punishment by the law. Remember, punishment makes you want to not commit the things you did. Torture just f.cks you up mentally and physically.
Actual Marie Antoinette: "the nation needs battleships, not necklaces"
Fictional Marie Antoinette: "let them eat cake?"
The irony.
As an American: thanks for the Battle of the Chesapeake!
Actions still speak louder than words. Her being so ignorant to the point she would say ‘let them eat cake’ is arguably more defendable than her knowing the plight of the French people and still living her extravagant lifestyle anyway
There is a tax for that
Keledran Von Sebottendorff
Ah a man of culture
TO THE GUILLOTINE!
5:07
"My little Cabbage..."
me to my daughter: "Haha, French people used names of vegetables as pet names for their loved ones... isn't that funny Pumpkin?"
Worst, sometime we call each other "Ma Puce" wich mean... "My flea" XD
You know "chou" (french for cabbage) might also mean cream puff (from choux pastry), so...
Mah petite Chou fluer
I think Marie Antoinette deserves a TV show of her own. To maybe clean up all the wrong assumptions people make about her. Some show like The Reign, or Medici the Magnificent
A TV show... To clear wrong wrong assumptions? Hahaha good one man.
She's had a few...in Japan.
There was also that movie with Kirsten Dunst...though it was meh.
There already is an anime in wich she is a very important character it's "The Roses of Versailles".
@@arx3516
Solid show. Can't say how historically accurate it is, but this particular event is pretty much identical. Very good at humanizing Marie Antoinette. Her husband is a little underdeveloped though.
Would be a really interesting movie/series
Now we need a series on the French Revolution.
?? Lol just watch the French Revolution in French. It’s pretty darn good
@@Alusnovalotus The French Revolution in French is this a particular series I can't find it.
The French Revolution is way, way, waaaay too big for a series. I think approaching it in parts, whether single episodes like this one or in their own miniseries, is probably better than a series on the French Revolution as a whole. Maybe they could set the groundwork for the Revolution with a few more one-offs, then start tackling different stages of the revolution as different series.
First off: which one?
Second: That would be an entire Channel in and by itself, hon^^'
Which one?
As far as I remember, Marie Antoinette spending wasn't really that bad. She was just mostly hated for being foreigner and being easy target to hate. Even legendary quote about cake wasn't really her, but just attributed to her.
The trianon palace with Sevres' Porcelaine to play pretend farmer disagrees. HEAVILY.
Also, the MASSIVE gambling !
@@TheCyricSun As I said, it wasn't that bad. Her spending was actually less than most royal and high aristocracy was spending at the time.
@@TheCyricSun It should be noted that not only it was popular after-time for nobility in these times, but her own palace and it's grounds were smaller than of many other nobility.
In addition, "cake" was a bad translation into English to begin with and differences in how even commonly found bread is sold even in 1950s vs 18th century means it takes a paragraph to explain what was going on. (The cheapest bread sold having price controls [and being far inferior to even the cheapest brand you'd find in stores today] but that price control was at a small loss, but to avoid bakeries not making enough of the cheap stuff they put in an additional rule that if they ran out of the cheapest bread, they'd have to sell the next quality of bread up they had in stock at that price controlled price for a larger loss.)
Words can't describe the emotions I felt when I learned that the Affair of the Diamond Necklace was real after watching Rose of Versailles
Right? Everything in this video I already knew from that show. I didn't expect so much of it to be actually historical.
I always think of that series when I hear about this scandal. Jeanne had a much more tragic end in that version. I always felt kind of bad for her husband, he was kind of a dumbass and a drunk, but she wouldn't even let him die as a soldier as he wanted in the end.
@@BonaparteBardithion I would say that Rose of Versailles mostly is VERY historically accurate. There are a few things they added that are fiction
Such as they changed Jeanne's death, originally she died from falling out of a window they changed it to an explosion.
ALSO Rosalie's real mother was NOT Duchess Polignac. In real life she was just a servant, though I like the backstory they added for her character.
I kind of wish it were true BECAUSE that would have been really interesting irl.
I read the manga yes imo it is mostly pretty accurate and good. They DID change a few things though. As someone mentioned, Jeanne died much more tragically in THAT version/variant of the story. She was blown up/exploded
@@moonscout3702 Also Jeanne and Rosalie are clearly not sisters as Rosalie was a servant tho server Marie Antoinette in her late days and Jeanne was an impoverished descendant of the Valois royal family through an illegitimate son of King Henry II
I like that Rose of Versailles manga covered it.
Plus their take on Marie Antoinette as a naïveté girl who ignored her mother’s advice (not indulging in luxury, listening to capable man, and not currying gifts for personal pleasure) due to being exposed to French Court Decadence after growing up in austere Austrian court.
Poor Marie Antoinette,pretty much everything that could've gone wrong went wrong for her.
All royals deserved what they got
@@blackacidgaming5672 Did I say the opposite?
Up with the monarchists, death to the revolutionaries.
@@blackacidgaming5672 Try to detox from the Patriotic KoolAid buddy. Maybe then you'd realize that we've got Royals in all but name who got better at PR.
"The beacons are lit!!! France calls for aid"
"And Rohan will answer"
The Deacon are light, no ? 😁😁😁
But they were all of them deceived. For *another* necklace was made...
I love when I know things about the extra history topic. And then I learn even more!
2:57 Not an illegitimate child of Henry II, but a descendant of one, since he had been dead for more than 200 years by then.
Ok thank god someone else noticed that, I thought I was going crazy or they ment George ii instead of Henry ii, thank you for confirming I did, indeed, pay atention in college
You must be thinking of Henry II of England.
This is Henry II of France.
@@juliacaroline751 Henry II of England had been dead for about 600 years when this takes place.
I first heard about this event while watching the anime “Rose of Versailles”. At first I thought it was all cooked up for the series- come on, a story this wild HAS to have been invented for a melodramatic shojo series... then I did some research and found out it was actually based in historical facts!
As they say, "Truth is stranger than fiction."
YES it's crazy that this ACTUALLY happened. Truth is stranger than fiction unfortunately
I remember in Puppet History, they said the imposter was actually Jeanne's husband's mistress??
Yeah. Its interesting how different two summaries focusing on different POVs on the same event can be so different. I'd love a special Lies with Shane and Rob comparing notes and why they decided to include what they did.
@@AbsolXGuardian That would be a fun collab
It was both. And she was actually a professional Marie Antoinette lookalike escort
Actually, Rob didn't write this one! I did. :)
@@jacmindelan7173 you should go reach out to Shane and Ryan!
"dangerous out of touch aristocracy" - best way to define desembargadores in Brazil.
Great video - Minor note - Jean de la Motte was not claiming to be an illegitimate child of Henri II, but a DESCENDANT of an Henri de Saint-Remi, an illegitimate son of the King.
Henri II had been dead 230 off years by this point.
On a side note, WATCH ROSE OF VERSAILLES (the anime, "Versailles no Bara"), it's incredible.
It's an amazingly enjoyable to watch, with the famous dramatic skills from the director Ozamu Dezaki, with dozens and dozens of unforgettable moments. The episodes where this story happens are unbelievable, seeing Jeanne getting away with everything, what a legend!
Seriously, watch that anime!
Thanks for the recommendation, it was already on my to-watch list, but i will move it up.
That's a bit tricky, considering it was never officially released (subbed or dubbed) in the Anglosphere, due to the mangaka's severe issues with American/British censorship. Still, I suppose one can root around the internet for fansubs.
YOO THATS MY FAVORITE ANIME! IVE BEEN A FAN OF THAT FOR 5+ YEARS
Only 2 things are certain in life and that is death and Ahmed Zaid Turk in the patrons shout outs.
It's like a a James Bissonet in History Matters.
The dude really like history
@@williewillie5622 he mainlines that shit
I mean if someone gave a large sum,Id wanna shout out to them a lot
This story taught a lesson to all jewelers. Make them prepaying for it, or at least put down a deposit for it!
I remember hearing about this story from Mike Duncan's Revolutions podcast. This was one of the weirdest stories ever that would assist to her......lightheadedness.
How could she be light-headed when her hair is a boat
@@stamatiamichelaki5008 I think they meant... Headless.
You mean she lost her head over it, eventually?
Lightheadedness as no head so yeah
Wow the Rose of Versailles surprisingly accurate. On a side note watch the Rose of Versailles It's an excellent historical fiction series.
*cringe* While I can appreciate it for its historical value and correctness, the artwork just hurts my eyes.
You know I have kept trying to watch it, but have never fully gotten into it. It is one of those animes that I would rather watch while doing other things, which has been a problem since there is no english dub of it. So I never get very far into it before I go off to do something else. Which is sad because I only ever hear great things about it and my perception of what I have seen is that it looks impressive.
@@FelisTerras If you want the rough plot of _BeruBara_ with the level of goriness of _Berserk_ and absolutely gorgeous art, may I direct you to _Innocent_ and _Innocent Rouge_ by Shin'ichi Sakamoto? youngjump.jp/innocent/
@@FelisTerras I've never heard anyone say that about riyoko ikeda's art And I am genuinely curious now. What is it you don't like about it specifically. Is it more that you have a problem with the animation itself. Because I think for a '70s anime it's very well drawn. Of course I hate to be one of those read the manga people. But the art and the manga is absolutely beautiful. They recently re-released the manga in English as a hardcover and I've been collecting them they're just stunning to look at.
@@GrimoireOfTheSage I can get why you'd have a problem with that. I have terrible focus which is why I usually watch English dubbed anime. I got lucky in that for some reason something about the Rose of Versailles really clicked with me and I was able to watch it all the way through over a short period of time.
It’s weird that there was a time where teenagers could rule a country. I don’t blame Marie Antoinette for spending money like crazy. Few people would possess the maturity needed to run a country at 14. She also lived far from home, was married to another teenager, and didn’t have friends. It makes that she would reject an expensive necklace even if it was from a dead family member. Back in those days, accepting gifts from strangers was probably an omen.
This is like a real-life Always Sunny episode.
*"The Gang Gets Guillotined"*
Rose of Versailles. This anime also portrayed the Necklace Case. Very well made anime which portrays the era before the French Revolution. Although it has some holes in accuracy but it is one of the great animes that is based on Pre French Revolution.
French people to Marie “you have forfeited head preivelges”
Marie really was not as terrible as people say/believe. You have to remember she was raised and taught to entertain diplomats and the like. Her whole job was looking good, and help alliances by being entertaining and friendly. She was not raised to actually rule a nation. And it was a very odd bubble that she was brought up in, so she was more of ignorant as opposed to heartless and malicious.
I'm just utterly shocked that Jeanne didn't skip town the instant she had the necklace in her possession.
Cons tend to be victims of their own success, and start to believe they can talk their way out of anything. Let alone always striving for an ever larger score.
Why does this just sound like a bunch of high school drama to me?
Beacuse Versaille was ALL DRAMA
Politics is high school, but with money and power.
No, because it’s about huge sums of money and political and societal tensions that would turn to the Great French Revolution.
I love that Bells from Animal Crossing are used to represent money in this video.
Somebody has been playing ACNH
Not that it's bad
In high school I did a research paper on diamonds. One book had a picture like the one in the video, of what the necklace is thought to have looked like. I made up a model of it with plastic "crystal" beads. Took a long time to do it. It was a great visual aid, and I later wore it with a Halloween costume.
I was just about to go to bed but the the smell of a new EC video called me
2:54 She probably did not say that, since Henri the Second had been dead for more than two centuries (1559 , to be precise). However, according to Wikipedia, Jeanne's father was likely descended from a bastard of Henri II and one of his mistresses, and was eventually granted a stipend because of his royal blood.
I noticed that issue too! And they didn’t even mention the country of the monarch so I wondered for a while if it was some other Henry II.
This makes me want to watch Rose of Versailles again.
I really enjoyed listening to this on Mike Duncan’s ‘Revolutions’ podcast with his French Revolution season. It’s nice to hear this convoluted story again!
Jeanne is the biggest chad in the history of chads after pulling off a heist of that caliber ALONE
7:36
why are you depicting "Liberty Leading the People"? that's the July Revolution of 1830.
That's not the French Revolution of 1789.
That's a 41 years difference.
That's what I thought
Oh my god, another cultured human being
This new EH people are blowing the channel, we need Daniel back
Absolutely. And it certainly isn't the first time I saw this painting used on historical TH-cam channels as depicting the French Revolution. Clothes and especially the top hat should be sufficient clues that the events described by Delacroix happened much later. I guess the symbol prevails... But this very common mistake has always felt a bit weird to me.
Yeah I ticked too (even if it's a common mistake.. like the one thinking that french national day is set on bastille destruction 🤔)
God, the tangled history leading up to the horror and evil of the french revolution never ceases to amaze me no matter how many times I hear it described.
it honestly looks like a horrible dream which you can't wake up from, the more you read about it, the more you want to scream and damn them all
*Puppet History Intensifies*
I am suspicious of all these concerns of criticism for being the spend thrift. A Queen of France would not be expected to live frugally. I suspect all of this was made up afterwards to justify the execution
As if anything could justify it, let alone the atrocities the revolutionaries committed in the name of "the revolution" and other bull.
Most of the hate was for her Austrian origin.
Yeah if they try to be normal people that isn't good enough.
Being royalty is a no-win scenario. You grow up having everyone tell you you need to be the center of attention in every room you enter.
Then when you're the center of attention, you make for a great target.
Actually, having the aristocracy spend ridiculous amounts of money on wardrobe, parties and mansions was how Ludwig XV controlled the parliament. By enforcing strict guidelines on how to properly dress for court, he ensured that the members of parliament were always low on money, so they lacked bribe money. After his death, these rules were losened but the mindframe of spending money left and right remained embossed. And since she was the Queen, she had to live by example.
Love this channel!
Most of the comments: marie antrenete
0.1% of comments: this art style is a throwback
I want to hug Marie so bad.
She got completely framed for something she didn't even know about.
" Robespierre you can't respond to political dissent with execution!"
"Lol me go choppy chop chop"
"Nooooooo you can't kill me i'm Robespierre, the leader of the revolution"
Haha guillotine go tchaaaaak
Without Robespierre the world would probably more unequal than it is today (and yet the world today is getting more and more and more unequal)
Extra credits seems to start making history videos more than video game videos.
well they are more popular
"The sex-worker was just an innocent girl who was tricked into participating..."
- *Ok France*
Honestly, it would be surprising if people at the time really believed that, as poverty was rampant and the only way for many poor families to survive was to send their daughters to closed houses for a few bucks. Perhaps many of them cold relate to her situatio, if she was presented as a poor girl that desperately needed money.
Fortunately, the spoiler statute of limitations on _The Rose of Versailles_ has already run.
That picture of the French Revolution at the end is the wrong revolution.
Yep, That's Delacroix' "La Liberté Guidant le Peuple" about 1830's Revolution. It's okay to get mixed up with our revolutions. We had quite a few of thoses.
fun fact: it was the 100 francs banknote before the euros.
Hey, Puppet History covered this necklace story, I think.
@medicalPlagues yes they did
With a banger song in the end too
The TimeGhost Dicktionary serie did to
Ah the french uprising and anger at leaderships since they were pissed at Julius Caesar
?!
There was no French in Julius Ceasar time...
@@luciledebethune3748 I think the french consider themselves as Gaulish because of their love for Vercingetorix.
@@CivilWarWeekByWeek yeah some of their political power and really old history book did try to portray them Gaulish (giving them some appearance of some Barbar fighting against the roman, except gaul don't look like some typical barbar some imagine. They were cleaner than the roman and had some really good crafting skills). But french aren't Gaul. France history is a bit younger.
@@luciledebethune3748 someone needs to read astrix and obelix.
@@jjc5475 ohhh I love asterix and obelix (even if I didn't read tje last one... yet). But for the " French" history I prefer another comics "histoire dessinée de la France" vol 2 "Les gaulois" & 3 "pax romana" for this period :p
It's ironic that everyone thought Marie Antoinette wanted that overfancy diamond necklace yet in reality she didn't really like wearing fancy necklaces at all - if you look at portraits of her, she either wears simple pearl necklaces or no necklace at all.
not only that! her dresses also seems so simple compared to huge and full of details dresses of other noblewomen. and it's proven that in reality, she wanted to be comfortable in her dresses, to the point she was mocked for it
👏👏👏👏👏 great history lesson!!
truly enlightening to hear, most of what I though I knew about Marie Antoinette turn out to be nothing but hearsay glad I could have such a misconception cleared up
Fun fact: Marie didn't eat much at court because she was so depressed. She didn't spend the money she spent on cake... she just spent tens of thousands (hundreds of thousands now) of dollars in art and clothes...per day
"The corruption and extravagance of a dangerously out of touch aristocracy." Sounds just like America in 2020.
I fear its worse, in the sense that our current noble class send their money over seas where the average person can't get to them and the fact they do that so they don't have to pay taxes. So when we go after them, they scream bankruptcy and run.
Something nobles back then could not do.
@@thewingedhussar4188 I agree; however, nobles did not pay taxes in pre-revolutionary France. Indeed, one of the main ways to prove your noble status was to demonstrate that you had not paid taxes.
The world is a corrupt place, and that has never been any different. What can we do about it though? It's not like we can convince all of the 'nobles' to start paying their share. They're all Scrooge McDuck-ing their way through life, even in nations who pride themselves in being all about 'equality'.
@Smooth Luigi You mean explode into chaos and anarchy, only for another madman to rule with terror? Look, I'm not trying to say that the French revolution was unjust, but the Terror under Robespierre was far worse than life under the king, definitely in the rural areas. It's something that occurs often: people rise up, with grand ideals, which quickly make way for opportunistic cash grabbing and illegitimate rises to power.
Sure, just replace "America" with "Earth."
Omg I just listened to this on stuff I missed in history class!
Everyone knows Marie-Antoinette gets hard done by history over this story but less known is the future of the Cardinal de Rohan.
The palace of the Cardinals in Strasbourg is now a very nice art gallery; just outside it, there's a pretty tacky ice cream parlour named after the Affair of the Diamond Necklace, done up all Rococo style. The walls are plastered with 18th century style caricatures and screeds about all the players in this story, it's ridiculous but I've got to admit say it does embody the French national spirit pretty perfectly.
Anyway, the rest of his life isn't much fun for him: De Rohan ends up having to lay low in disgraceful exile in a series of monasteries, gets back to his bishopric of the city of Strasbourg just in time for his rule to collapse completely in the early days of 1789, has his rights and titles given to some other rando, and local radicals (including the author of the Marseillaise) start a succesfull campaign against the Cardinals ever coming back and against this guy's legacy in particular !
This whole thing was actually very well portrayed in a movie from the 90s that I'm quite fond of called "the affair of the necklace "
That movie, a well-made one, gave me the the impression that the queen's execution resulted from this chain of incidents alone.
wow i have been watching a lot of very old extra credits and the art style has changed so much XD
We need a serie of the french revolution (with of course some things say for the period prior) and the napoleonic wars.
Of course with the best art of extra history (like the one "the field of the cloth of gold" the haitian revolution etc).
no, because directors of such a show will be too cowardish to show the truth and tell that not all France agreed with revolution, how many towns and cities revolted against it, making the story look more like a civil war which it was.
because after knowing such a facts, all portrayals of French Revolution seems lame to me
2:54 That would be quite difficult, as King Henry II died in 1559, over 200 years prior (lance to the eye during a tournament, maybe prophecied by Nostradamus, helped kick off the Wars of Religion - nasty stuff). She *was* the descendant of his bastard son, though. What's that? Irrelevant and beside the point you say? A'ight, forget it.
Maybe the jewellers should have broken up the necklace and reworked it into pieces of more affordable jewellery once they realised what an expensive white elephant it had become.
This channel is awesome :)
Really hoping this is setting up a French revolution series
Well, this explains some of the hearsay expounded by The Curse of Oak Island, regarding the 'missing' jewellery of Marie Antoinette.
please watch the Rose of Versailles
they show all of this through the eyes of a fictional member of the queen's guard. but the rest of the history is very accurate, and the anime is a classic. it's utterly incredible, and like this video, will show you Marie Antoinette in a slightly different light.
So, instead of the selfish stupid nymphomaniac habsburg queen, she is shown as what she is, a queen who cared of the people of France and was a target because she act normally as a noble (seriously, what she was doing, and the amount of money she put in, was common even maybe not that much for some of the things she was doing) and was from the Habsburg (Lorraine but meh) Dynasty ?
Seriously, poor Marie.
DUDE I LOVE THIS ANIME!
indra le fulgurant
yess, ty for your comment
BeruBara4Ham
ikr, isn't it amazing!!!???
the same author also did the anime "oniisama e..."
if you liked the rose of versailles, i highly recomment you check out oniisama e..
I just see a few episodes, but isn't that weird than, at the end, Oscar betrayed Marie-antoinette ?
I think than had her fight for the monarchy (especially because this was the nobility fault, not the King and queen one) would had been good.
Huh. That's an interesting and new view of the topic I haven't heard before. Nice new look on the topic, lots of history summaries seemed to have missed these parts.
This reminds of the story "The Necklace".
5:06 "my little cabbage"..... he is probably a survivor of the Battle of widow McCormack's cabbage patch
Who are you trying to kid? You know we're all here just for the cat; pet the kitty, pet the kitty, pet the kitty!
“Yes, it’s me: that big pile of diamonds.”
“I’m sorry, I have been tricked”
Rohan, after being apart of this.
If only he activated heavens door he could’ve explained the whole thing a lot better
Dennis Ryan Lynch that was a real quote but thanks
I’d love to see a crossover with EH and Puppet History.
This was all taking place while Marie was having a third affair with a mysterious man she claims came from her fireplace
Santa Claus?
The oncoming storm
Not the same person, but I appreciate the reference.
Well damn I got them mixed up
😃😃😃 (but yeah it was louis XV's mistress, not Louis XVI's wife)
I really like this art style. It's reminiscent of the old style early on, but carries m much of the refinement of the modern styles
We all know that special Diamond necklace was just Nauglamír
I am delighted that at least 5 other people understood the reference.
A little detail I remember from when I first learned about this story. The Woman Jeanne hired to impersonate Marie Antionette was her husband's mistress. Also Rohan was once ambassador to Vienna and pissed people off by having a bunch of small tables.
This is like modern day internet drama.
The illustrations for this video please me deeply
I always feel terrible for Marie. She really is such a tragic figure.
Ahmed Ziad Turk.... thank you so much for allowing my favorite TH-cam channel to produce videos. Soon as i am off a crap wage job i hope to have name said like yours.
Rose of Versailles brought me here.
People who disliked Marie-Antoinette at the time called her "l'Autrichienne", which literally means "The Austrian (Female)" but contains the world "Autre" (Other) and "Chienne" (female dog aka a "bitch").
Oh man, what a comedy of errors this was. Lmao.
Great work guys.
Also, for those interested, Watcher covered this incident on their show Puppet History. It's really funny and I suggest you watch it. Especially if you are fans of Buzzfeed Unsolved and/or puppets.
The image at 7:36 is based on a Eugene Delacroix painting and portrays Liberty leading the people, a commemoration of the July Revolution of 1830, not the French revolution which took place nearly 40 years earlier.
You really have to feel bad for the queen she just wound up being histories favorite punching bag.
Correction:
Jeanne was not passing herself off as an illegitimate child of Henry II.
That would make no sense seing as Henry II died in 1559 and that would make her over 200 years old if she had been his daughter.
She was instead an actual descendant of an illegitimate son of Henry II.
I feel so bad for Marie Antoinette. She didn't do anything really bad at all but history has painted her as a stuck up snob.
Sounds a little like another married woman to a prince who was trashed in the media every chance they got.
She was a Habsburg-Lorraine , the Habsburg-Lorraine were having a shitty situation with the propaganda in the last decades of their rules, and before, the french propaganda had seriously hurt her cause.
Umm I don't know .. because she wasted France's money on luxury goods adding more threat and pressure to the French revolution!!!!!!
Marie-antoinette was actually kind and had done good actions for the people of France, there was problems before she was even born, and the nobility and the Church refused to give money.
If they had done this (remember than they had no taxes at all) there would not had a problem, or the situation could had been calm, not only because more money for the state was good, but it's would had shown than the King cared enough of his people for be against the nobility and the Church (actually he was ready to do this, he had try to do it, but he couldn't because those were too strong).
Well at least she's also kind
As history shows us, who doesn't love a good bloody revolution every now and then?
Historically? Pretty much everybody who experiences it, at some point in the process.
This reminds me of the amazing Anime Rose of Versailles An Amazing Anime about the French Revolution
As far as I know know the picture you showed did not depict the Revolution of 1789.
Great video though!