Slavoj Žižek - What does it mean to be a revolutionary today? Marxism 2009

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  • เผยแพร่เมื่อ 5 ก.ค. 2009
  • Debate with Alex Callinicos at Marxism 2009
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ความคิดเห็น • 640

  • @lcsalas
    @lcsalas 12 ปีที่แล้ว +17

    I love how he always starts his conclusions at the middle of the talks.

    • @KibyNykraft
      @KibyNykraft 2 วันที่ผ่านมา

      One of the signs that he doesn't know what he is talking about.

  • @farrelliux
    @farrelliux 10 ปีที่แล้ว +54

    Let's be glad that we still have political philosophers like Zizek, he shows that the very essence of marxist thought is still here whilst proven to be falsifiable. Marxism can and should be reformed according to different times. Let's preserve what basis marx has laid out for us and use it wisely. If we are to ignore marxist thought then as he points out, we are simply capitalists with a human face.

    • @AgentHomer
      @AgentHomer 9 ปีที่แล้ว

      ***** let me guess, you hate foreigners, don't you? you believe people should stay put where they are born, right? different skin colors shouldn't mix, according to you, right? also it quite so happens that marxism is mostly famous for trying to bring an end to state and capitalism. One more thing: we love culture, but you are right about the rest, we do believe all these things (religion, patriotism, distinct races, nations…) belong to the dustbin of history…

    • @AgentHomer
      @AgentHomer 9 ปีที่แล้ว

      farrelliux So tell me, what reforms does Marxism need? I'm not trying to imply Marxism has all the answers, I'm genuinely interested! While I'm wary of revisionism (which is something entirely different than trying to further Marxist theory, revisionism is to marxism like intelligent design is to darwinism), Marxism can never fall into dogmatism.

    • @sambutler9927
      @sambutler9927 9 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      ***** "Marxism is a state capitalistic ideology that sees culture, religion, patriotism and ethnicity as a source of perversity"
      What are you talking about?

    • @AgentHomer
      @AgentHomer 9 ปีที่แล้ว

      ***** He's merely drawing attention to the fact that you are so mistaken that your statement appears ridiculous. I don't know why news hasn't broken to you yet, but Marxism is out to abolish the state and capitalism, not join the two. You are sort of right about religion and patriotism. Marxists are not intolerant to religion in general, sometimes they fight their worldly representatives, but Marxists are mostly people which hope that in free societies, people will see through religion on themselves. What they see as a perversity is the popularized version of religion so widely disseminated, which is merely an ideology full of lies keeping the people down and presenting them with a pie and the sky. Patriotism in the sense of putting one nation above the rest is merely a perversity to Marxists. However, Marxists love culture, people like Adorno, Benjamin or indeed Zizek can't stop talking about it. They are critical of many aspects of mainstream and elite culture, but that is just because they want to save it from becoming an instrument of subjection. And by Marxists, I mean people like myself.

    • @AgentHomer
      @AgentHomer 9 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      ***** oh, so you're not a conservative? this is exciting, what are you? you're against democracy, both major bourgeois political philosophies (conservatism and liberalism) and you hate capitalism but love Jesus, so my guess is: fascist? Or are you some other kind of anti-modern reactionary? Oh, and you're right, I'm a demon from hell and I do want world domination, no catching me by surprise that way, buddy. But how on earth I'm a sectarian?

  • @amac333
    @amac333 8 ปีที่แล้ว +14

    the delivery on that joke was quality

  • @thebenallen
    @thebenallen 12 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    i've listened to this lecture like a zillion times and it always owns

  • @VideoAssociates
    @VideoAssociates 5 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    “How can you be a revolutionary today” - at the core of what motivates someone

  • @RoxanneDesforges
    @RoxanneDesforges 14 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    This video made my day. Thank you!

  • @p4n0pt1c
    @p4n0pt1c 13 ปีที่แล้ว +5

    one of my favourite speeches by now. srsly

  • @bilfo71
    @bilfo71 11 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    zizek's ability to present his arguments in a practical method is like awesome, he provides meaningful, simple examples which easily explains his ideas without insulting the listener which says more about where he comes from rather then a school of thought he practices, I guess this is more for Slovenians, whatever you teach your children to produce this guy, the world needs more of it.

  • @srikarpamidi1946
    @srikarpamidi1946 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Years later, and this is still relevant and insightful analysis into ideology and its function in global capitalism.

  • @laurevalentius
    @laurevalentius 3 หลายเดือนก่อน +2

    2024 and this speech is still one of my favorites.

  • @camaples
    @camaples 15 ปีที่แล้ว

    thanks for this up

  • @prasantbanerjee8199
    @prasantbanerjee8199 4 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    This is one of the most impressive of presentations by the Slovenian polymath on Marxism and Communism in the present international context. Also, Dr Zizek is quite strongly emphatic here on the historical importance of Europe and the concept of modernization. Compared to this lecture, again, almost all his later talks are much more Hegelian and Lacanian, with less and less emphasis made on the role of Marxism and Communism in the process of the emancipatory changes that are, as he yet underscores, quite inevitable.

  • @pgk7285
    @pgk7285 15 ปีที่แล้ว

    Excellent: "...an ominous moment of awareness." Thanks for uploading.

  • @affeofen
    @affeofen 12 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    i love him as well

  • @udhavn
    @udhavn 12 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Splendid speech especially towards the end. Bravo.

  • @Peippy1
    @Peippy1 13 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    His ball analogy has officially made him the coolest philosopher ever.

  • @sextusloverlord
    @sextusloverlord 14 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    I'm spending my new year's watching this Slavoj Zizek speech lol!

  • @marietagon
    @marietagon 9 ปีที่แล้ว

    the question once and again is what it is to be re-volucionary, how we embrace such a word and how we are constraint by ideological right forces, always towards a better world

  • @KrutoyPostowoy
    @KrutoyPostowoy 13 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    wow just gotta love this man!

  • @abolenator
    @abolenator 14 ปีที่แล้ว

    This is really restorative laughter upon laughter that somehow the universal can still shine through the particular for being singular. Well done Zizek.

  • @mzambo666
    @mzambo666 14 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    I love Slavoj Žižek thank yopu so much for the post

  • @nindzha
    @nindzha 13 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Its been only once I have seen zizek live.
    He was reading a book while waiting on a pedestrian crossing for a green light.
    When the pedestrian light actually turned green this huge mass of people crossed the street, but zizek didn't move. He stood there dwelling in that book as he would be in the comfort of his living room. The light turned red again, and i just said to myself, well thats a man that doesn't allow himself to be bothered.

  • @kurtralske4026
    @kurtralske4026 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    38:10 never seen Zizek this sincerely emotional and vulnerable

  • @spoonerbooner
    @spoonerbooner 10 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    note to self: take action

  • @Civilis1980
    @Civilis1980 14 ปีที่แล้ว

    Go Slavoj! Glad not everyone has switched off yet..

  • @pipacspapucs
    @pipacspapucs 14 ปีที่แล้ว

    thanx for the video!
    but what happened to the homepage? why is it "closed"?

  • @merakjetcinematography7011
    @merakjetcinematography7011 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    we love you

  • @johnvhirst
    @johnvhirst 13 ปีที่แล้ว

    great stuff

  • @GuitarWithBrett
    @GuitarWithBrett 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    Here's a sincere question: What is one specific idea from Zizek that you can explain which has led you to some new action or some clear understanding about an issue? ... I've never heard Zizek mention anything specific about technology, so I assume he doesn't program, but I could be wrong.

  • @angelsea21
    @angelsea21 12 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    I love this man.

  • @PtAltmVansanTarr
    @PtAltmVansanTarr 14 ปีที่แล้ว

    @Klllakmet My problem with that is that asking the right questions and stating the obvious can be awfully close to one another. All war is started with the hope that things will change and ended with the bitter realization that they haven't. At this point

  • @Powerphail
    @Powerphail 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    Fantastic talk

  • @blacng
    @blacng 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    Please does anyone know the scholar Alex who Slavoj made constant reference to during his lecture? (I get the impression that Alex must have spoken before Slavoj).

  • @HCLcoasters
    @HCLcoasters 14 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    The amount of views this video has makes me happy.

  • @Prunesqualer
    @Prunesqualer 14 ปีที่แล้ว

    In the sense that he helped change the way we see ourselves yes. I dare say many of Freud's ideas where silly, but the basic Idea that all people have drives and impulses that they dont have conscious awareness of or full control over is still valid and relevant (and not sufficiently acknowledged in this speech).

  • @ranXerox09
    @ranXerox09 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    Can somebody help me? I'm translating this entire speech into spanish to share it with some friends who were extremely interested to understand it.
    But I just want to know what does he say at the beggining, it is really hard to understand for me. Until the part where he says "I would like to begin with Adorno..."
    Well.. THANKS A LOT to all of you in advance, and thanks @adycousins for sharing this amazing stuff!

  • @rajkumarpachauri606
    @rajkumarpachauri606 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    wow blog of this article is very nice and wonderful . seriously i like that post

  • @ketch_up
    @ketch_up 15 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    I've never seen Zizek speak with this kind of conviction before.

  • @not2tees
    @not2tees 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    He deserves his spontaneous applause. Delightfully insightful and original is the Zizek!

  • @RarianRakista
    @RarianRakista 13 ปีที่แล้ว

    Where is the other half of this?

  • @percymate
    @percymate 14 ปีที่แล้ว

    Zizek! It is so inspiring to hear him speak.

  • @K2nsl3r
    @K2nsl3r 14 ปีที่แล้ว

    a fiery speech by a fiery speaker... top class.

  • @Spiffyparsley
    @Spiffyparsley 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    Zizek is a wonderful speaker and an certainly an accomplished politician and philosopher. One thing he is not, however, is a hope-bringer. I would very much like to hear your rebuttal on this.

  • @Metaldude1945
    @Metaldude1945 13 ปีที่แล้ว

    @rockit353 I don't consider myself a communist, but conservative what concerns culture, identity, nature,... and progressive what concerns economy. With our feet in our own roots, and with our eyes towards the future and growth.

  • @alexanderforsberg7944
    @alexanderforsberg7944 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    damn you comrade. I was hoping no one would ever notice my mistake :(

  • @farrider3339
    @farrider3339 2 หลายเดือนก่อน

    What happened ? Was it a natural FORCE coming over me ?
    Yes, my friend. Twas an early Zizek lecture.
    Great stuff 🤓💪🥇

  • @arzoyan
    @arzoyan 14 ปีที่แล้ว

    The historic evolution of PRIVATE PROPERTY RELATIONSHIP of alienation,exploitation,suffering and the emergence of CLASS,STATE,FAMILY as the template of control and suppression for MINORITY RULE is the fractal nature of our limited mode of interacttion.

  • @IvoMaropo
    @IvoMaropo 13 ปีที่แล้ว

    A simple task to unveil this distinction: Ask a Philosophy student to unveil Nietzsche’s arguments then ask him the same for Hegel’s or Kant’s... At that split-second difference, many difficulties may “spontaneously” appear.

  • @shakeyourdimsims
    @shakeyourdimsims 15 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Very few people can do what Zizek does. i am constantly blown away. he is an animal

  • @ctrl2win
    @ctrl2win 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    i had a debate with Slavoj about the future of europe and Slovenia and there were many point that we agree to!

  • @Vpopov81
    @Vpopov81 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    Wonderful

  • @kkhan1981
    @kkhan1981 15 ปีที่แล้ว

    Well said.

  • @freudvsmickeymouse
    @freudvsmickeymouse 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    Interesting observation. Apparently, during Greco-Roman antiquity the beard was that which defined philosophers against 'normal' folk - maybe it has something to do with that. I know that I feel more special when I have a beard.

  • @79898325
    @79898325 13 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    I may not agree with him about everything, but I do love this man. "His voice will get suddenly higher" Hahah, bless you Zizek!

  • @shakeyourdimsims
    @shakeyourdimsims 14 ปีที่แล้ว

    @jacobscamell please can you explain what you mean ?thank you for your post also

  • @IvoMaropo
    @IvoMaropo 13 ปีที่แล้ว

    I, for one, am really interested in some of Slavoj's ideas but one particular and general feature about him really stands out to me: He is a typical continental phisolopher in the almost same sense and breath as Nietzsche was: He has many creative solutions and interesting ideas but he never (or rarely) goes rigidly skin-deep into the distinctive nature of these abstract categories the same way someone like Spinoza or Kant would.

  • @alexanderforsberg7944
    @alexanderforsberg7944 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    According to the video's description, his namee is Alex Callinicos :)

  • @asadatta
    @asadatta 15 ปีที่แล้ว

    you are so right

  • @IvoMaropo
    @IvoMaropo 13 ปีที่แล้ว

    (...) in the way that, although not strictly logical in its thought sequences, their assertions usually go deep enough into the matter, mixing the word play habilities and erudition of the continental humor and expressivity with the will to delve skin-deep into the abstraction and unveil more its philosophical potential per se than its privileged lireracy through the eruption of erudite metaphors and jokes with a somehow accessible content underneath.

  • @12er5t7y
    @12er5t7y 15 ปีที่แล้ว

    If it's genuine enlightenment, it doesn't matter who realizes it.
    When one seeks emancipation, one seeks it on behalf of everyone who is oppressed.

  • @exoomerko
    @exoomerko 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    and so on, and so on...

  • @ChibiOlia
    @ChibiOlia 13 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    it's a shame that the vid is not subtitled. he talks very fast >

  • @bondebeats
    @bondebeats 14 ปีที่แล้ว

    It seems I can't post links here.
    Check out:
    Rasmus Elling 'Who is a reformist'
    Hamid Dabashi 'Looking in the wrong places'
    Hamid Dabashi 'Left is wrong on Iran'
    Reese Erlich 'Iran and Leftist confusion'

  • @loboarmado
    @loboarmado 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    Alguien podria traducir al español el discurso completo, por favor, lo agradeceria mucho. hay una traducción por allí pero es de un fragmento solamente y con este tipo hay que escuchar de donde para entender a donde quiere llegar, Gracias.
    Somebady could plis translate the full speech to Spanish, I'll be really thanksful. There's a translate fragment but with this guy you have to now where he start to know where he's going. My english is good but with he's accent a can't understand fully this!

  • @immacali9562
    @immacali9562 9 ปีที่แล้ว

    Existe una versión subtitulada al castellano????
    Por favor, si alguien lo sabe ruego lo comunique.... Gracias.

  • @saxz99
    @saxz99 15 ปีที่แล้ว

    @mistarcraw: Thanks for replying, it's a shame people are downvoting me instead of engaging, after all, this is a Zizek video...
    I am saying this because of the way he answered some questions. For example, Tariq Ali sees opportunities in the new movements in Latin America, I don't entirely agree with him either (I don't see many positive things in Chavez) but then Zizek mocks him directly.
    He's also been known to provoke only to get people to listen.

  • @Prunesqualer
    @Prunesqualer 15 ปีที่แล้ว

    From my perspective
    My guess is that, power struggles will continue.
    Darwin and Freud where not mentioned once.

  • @carlmalmberg
    @carlmalmberg 13 ปีที่แล้ว

    @oihhow
    "Everything that needs to be said has already been said. But since no one was listening, everything must be said again." - Andre Gide ;)

  • @wangeric4354
    @wangeric4354 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    I hope there could be an English subtitle for people like me who are not native speakers of English.

  • @Tfrne
    @Tfrne 13 ปีที่แล้ว

    @truevoice08 I'll try again, it seems I'm being unclear. The part of Bohm-Bawerk's theories that are deemed correct is that he said that workers cannot be paid the full future values of their labours given that their earnings from working are payment, not investment. However, some of the people who supposedly exploit workers really ARE workers, because they increase the value of the products developed by conventional workers. A new "line" between exploiter and exploited must thusly be drawn.

  • @420xHustlerxB0SS
    @420xHustlerxB0SS 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    29:30 I haven't heard Zizek explicitly criticize anarchists like Noam Chomsky their communes, and historical events like the Spanish Revolution. Is there any clip where he is less vague about the subject?

  • @bondebeats
    @bondebeats 14 ปีที่แล้ว

    Moussavi is not a free-market supporter, he is for some privatization with strong government regulation. In the eighties he was an outspoken proponent of a collectivistic economy.

  • @AhmadAbba
    @AhmadAbba 13 ปีที่แล้ว

    My God, i luv his constant 'howshouldiputit'

  • @Sandcat87
    @Sandcat87 13 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    *clapping*
    "-now comes my point."
    Priceless! :D

  • @bapyou
    @bapyou 14 ปีที่แล้ว

    "take things into their own hands"
    Well, yes, but, the more you delve into the reality of Iranian life & Iranian politics, the more you see how the U.S. exacerbates problems. Stephen Kinzer's book on the '53 coup against Mossadegh is particularly revealing in this respect. Hell, the introduction alone is worth reading. In it, Akbar Ganji (imprisoned for 6 yrs by the gov for criticising it) states US military threats give the gov "a freer hand in repressing Iran's budding civil society."

  • @lfzadra
    @lfzadra 9 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Test, please ignore
    test

    • @Breakbeat90s
      @Breakbeat90s 6 ปีที่แล้ว

      *Test, please ignore*
      test

  • @truevoice08
    @truevoice08 13 ปีที่แล้ว

    @Tfrne It's either you contradict yourself or do not fully understand Bohm-Bawerk's argument which you admittedly agree with. Wages are discounted from their 'full value' not by the discretion of the employer but by differences in time preference. There is nothing stopping the worker from waiting for the realization of proceeds in which time he receives his full value. If I am wrong and capital investment lowers wages then you should be happy that capital is leaving the US for China.

  • @Johnny75416
    @Johnny75416 13 ปีที่แล้ว

    @MrC2H5OH I do know what Lenin said, but could you clarify for me - what was Lenin's role after the Russian revolution? Was he in fact not head of state? Wouldn't a dictatorship of the prolitariiat cause certain administrative problems - or is that term merely semantics; meaning dictatorship of the party? Would that therefore make the party and the state one and the same. In which case we still would have a state run by an apperatchik which could not be voted out - a dictatorship in fact.

  • @SweetDee96
    @SweetDee96 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    its because of passion.

  • @Johnny75416
    @Johnny75416 13 ปีที่แล้ว

    @nelica59 could you enlarge on this gibberish? I'm afraid I fail to get your point....

  • @TokugawaMainframe
    @TokugawaMainframe 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    He hinted briefly at maybe the small reforms will lead to the castration but apart from that does he have any other concrete ideas. He says at other points lately that no one really knows how to do this. Any ideas anyone?

  • @Square92
    @Square92 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    it's the passion he puts on it XD

  • @beholdmyswarthyface0
    @beholdmyswarthyface0 15 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Nigga's on fire! Thx for uploading!

  • @12er5t7y
    @12er5t7y 15 ปีที่แล้ว

    The reform is the enlightenment of the working class. The flash of insight that comes with the realization of one's own alienation.
    Once this insight occurs, everything else follows.

  • @mistarcraw
    @mistarcraw 15 ปีที่แล้ว

    he talks about his eurocentrism and he's dead on. there are universalities, but as far as rational progress goes it doesn't matter whether it springs forth from the dead heart of capital or some bourgeois liberal capital democracy, it's relevant and should be integrated when fully developed. such as the zero, paper, etc. it's innovation.
    perhaps zizek would answer this in a different, more satisfactory way. i don't recall where he addressed this issue however.

  • @Johnny75416
    @Johnny75416 13 ปีที่แล้ว

    @checkmeta I concur completely, though with the caveat that unregulated capitalism leaves the rest of us at the mercy of the rich. We ought therefore to place social concerns at the heart of government and the most vulnerable as our highest priority. Democracy isn't about protecting vested interest and wealth, it's about representing people. Our society has many flaws and we need novel, innovative solutions to them, not tired and failed ideas from past centuries. That's what we should debate.

  • @iwpoe
    @iwpoe 13 ปีที่แล้ว

    @ChibiOlia I follow him clearly (at least his words- if not always his thinking). I don't know why people have trouble; he's very good for an eastern European.

  • @axe863
    @axe863 14 ปีที่แล้ว

    @AnotherWayFilms How exactly is capitalism, "anti-democratic"? I would love to hear you explain this :)
    Btw, how do you think capital is formed? I would love to hear you explain this,too :)

  • @sextusloverlord
    @sextusloverlord 14 ปีที่แล้ว

    Can anyone please recommend a book by Slavoj Zizek that explains his philosophy and his ideas?
    Thanks!

  • @Johnny75416
    @Johnny75416 13 ปีที่แล้ว

    @IiiERT 500 BILLION Dinar notes. I once felt as you do - that the inequities of unrestrained capitalism could be corrected by Marxist governance. Now I feel we'd merely be replacing one curruptable system with another. I was an activist for a long time before I realised that no-one was listening and that is we really want change we must operate within democratic systems. The swing towards the right in my country sickens me, but merely enforces my belief we failed to make our case.

  • @Johnny75416
    @Johnny75416 13 ปีที่แล้ว

    @IiiERT Perhaps it's your standards that are low, but tell me as you are too young to have ever visited the workers paradise that was Yugoslavia - where do you get your information?

  • @Anonyminded
    @Anonyminded 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    This is very philosophical talk in which I felt to be lost couple of times. In principle I can agree with parts about challenging authority like Julian Assange did by asking and questioning our governments. In the same time we all as a part of democracy we should be involved in every piece of declaration or agreement our government is doing including war and we should be asked for yes or no, not the rich men from Wallstreet. Why we dont use internet for that? Why there isnt mass IT democracy???

  • @MasqueofAnarchy
    @MasqueofAnarchy 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    We are already in a terrifying society, are we not?

  • @Thisez
    @Thisez 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    @sherlockhaimes Here we are not in the same platonic sense of Idea, which is "there is an ideal form that should be achieved and from where everyhting was taken" but rather in the sense that because it is an idea it can be reinvented. Reinvention is not reform because it does not relate to the previous form of organization, only with the previous atittude in a much nietzschean way..

  • @MrSkate4weed
    @MrSkate4weed 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    this guy is on wikipedia's list of western philosophers....i think they need to raise a few bars

  • @Johnny75416
    @Johnny75416 13 ปีที่แล้ว

    Lenin, Stalin & Brezhnev were passengers on a train which inexplicably broke down. "Comrades" said Lenin, "Let us unite & push the train to our destination" Stalin replies "No, lets shoot the driver & set an example!" Finally Brezhnev says, "There is really no need for all this fuss, lets just draw the blinds and pretend that the train is moving" After 70 yrs of this the other passengers made their own way home. - a potted history of the USSR as told by a Russian ex-party member.

  • @insertmusichere
    @insertmusichere 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    be ruthlessly critical with people in power! yes! but with each other let's be kindly critical :)

  • @ChibiOlia
    @ChibiOlia 13 ปีที่แล้ว

    @iwpoe i'm also an eastern european XD but from different country. since english is my 3rd language, following him becomes a bit diffecult when he talks fast. then i'm not sure if i actually hear everything. it's a shame to miss out on things. i guess i'll just watch this again after awhile.

  • @Kwazkneeack
    @Kwazkneeack 8 ปีที่แล้ว

    16:50
    16:56
    21:55
    25:06
    29:36
    38:00

  • @truevoice08
    @truevoice08 13 ปีที่แล้ว

    @Tfrne "labourers generally have a greater need to be paid immediately, they can't afford to speculate on their earnings" Again, this is because of differences in time preference. You need to get comfortable with the reality of natural inequality. I don't see how being greedy makes one undeserving of profit nor do I see any qualifier for exceptions in the discounting of marginal revenue product. I believe in the freedom of the investor NOT to reinvest his profits. Do you?