2 Japanese Destroyers Fight A Large Allied Squadron: Battle of Badung Strait, 1942 (Documentary)

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  • เผยแพร่เมื่อ 9 ก.พ. 2024
  • During the night of February 19/20, 1942, the American-British-Dutch-Australian Command (ABDA) sent a squadron towards the island of Bali to investigate a Japanese naval presence. The Imperial Japanese Navy had just finished their amphibious landing, with most ships returning back to their base. Two destroyers remained, however. As ABDA's fleet sailed into the strait, it was one of the final opportunities for the Allies to repel the invading Japanese forces from the Dutch East Indies.
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ความคิดเห็น • 147

  • @BetterOnichThanSorry
    @BetterOnichThanSorry 4 หลายเดือนก่อน +36

    De Ruyter & Java: My work here is done
    Piet Hein: But you didn't do anything
    De Ruyter & Java: *cape twirl*

    • @lightravenn
      @lightravenn 4 หลายเดือนก่อน +3

      It looks like a fail of tactical movements, and orders.. maybe they had intel regarding high chances of IJN air support, or other IJN ships in the area. It really seems like a rushed non coordinated attack by the two task forces.

  • @johnwheatley1550
    @johnwheatley1550 4 หลายเดือนก่อน +92

    Asashio means 'morningtide' and Ōshio is 'spring tide' (literally, big tide). Asashio was the lead ship of a class of 10 destroyers; the first 4 were all named after tides, the next 4 after clouds (gumo), then Arare (hailstone) and Kasumi (mist).
    IJN destroyers are a surprisingly good vocab builder for weather-related words.

    • @HoH
      @HoH  4 หลายเดือนก่อน +37

      Japanese ships in general had beautiful names.

    • @Koshiro2k3
      @Koshiro2k3 4 หลายเดือนก่อน +6

      @@HoH
      Still do, but for some reason nowadays they are all spelled with Hiragana only...

    • @Teochewtuahang
      @Teochewtuahang 4 หลายเดือนก่อน +2

      ​@@Koshiro2k3Americans spent massive resources to encourage countries with historical tie with China to stop using Han character and denounce the culture. Just Like the first republic of Korea, Koreans still mix Hanja character and Hangul character. After military coup, the second republic of Korea abolish all of Hanja altogether and completely use Hangul only.

    • @mfulan7548
      @mfulan7548 4 หลายเดือนก่อน

      ​@@HoH Where are the sources?

    • @Stridsvagn_103
      @Stridsvagn_103 4 หลายเดือนก่อน

      @@Teochewtuahangamericans hate us lol

  • @JoeOvercoat
    @JoeOvercoat 4 หลายเดือนก่อน +49

    “We did not miss a sitting duck, have our asses handed to us by two small boys, nor sink one of our own with friendly fire. That never happened. Everything is fine.”

  • @mbryson2899
    @mbryson2899 4 หลายเดือนก่อน +24

    Thank you for an interesting video. The campaign for the D.E.I. is not usually covered in any detail, so I particularly appreciated it.

  • @brokenbridge6316
    @brokenbridge6316 4 หลายเดือนก่อน +21

    Doorman would end up going down with his ship fighting the Japanese fleet. I read somewhere that had he not gone down with his ship he would've been blamed for the defeat like Husband Kimmel was for Pearl Harbor or that British Commander that led the defense of Singapore when the Japanese were attacking him. What a shame.

    • @Mrhalligan39
      @Mrhalligan39 4 หลายเดือนก่อน

      Doorman was as much to blame for the debacle at Java Sea as Kimmel and Percival were. The Allies had a great number of overpromoted officers and it took literally years and thousands of lives to get rid of most of them.

    • @svenrio8521
      @svenrio8521 3 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      Victory has a thousand fathers, defeat is an orphan.

    • @brokenbridge6316
      @brokenbridge6316 3 หลายเดือนก่อน

      @@svenrio8521---Yes I heard that before

  • @KHK001
    @KHK001 4 หลายเดือนก่อน +13

    Amazing video as always!

  • @Unami0929
    @Unami0929 4 หลายเดือนก่อน +11

    “Capsized in dry dock” how does that happen? Sounds like the guy in charge of the dry dock was the same one in charge of rudder maintenance on the Dutch destroyer prior to the battle.

    • @rockyblacksmith
      @rockyblacksmith 4 หลายเดือนก่อน +8

      My guess would be: They managed to get the destroyer into the dry dock, but it flooded quicker than (or before) the dry dock could be emptied.
      All such devices have their technological limitations, and sometimes they come to bite you.

  • @danielsantiagourtado3430
    @danielsantiagourtado3430 4 หลายเดือนก่อน +33

    Please do the Battle of Ecnomus! Love these naval videos!

    • @HoH
      @HoH  4 หลายเดือนก่อน +6

      Great suggestion, I will have a look but I cannot promise anything in the near future.

    • @danielsantiagourtado3430
      @danielsantiagourtado3430 4 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      ​@@HoHThanks! ❤️❤️❤️❤️

    • @mfulan7548
      @mfulan7548 4 หลายเดือนก่อน

      ​@@HoH Where are the sources?

  • @pomicultorul
    @pomicultorul 4 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    Thank you for your continuous efforts!

  • @deeznoots6241
    @deeznoots6241 4 หลายเดือนก่อน +90

    If it weren’t for their submarines the Dutch navy might have been the single most incompetent force in ww2

    • @wingslider
      @wingslider 4 หลายเดือนก่อน +15

      Cant blame them their country had already surrendered to Germany so they didn’t really have good morale anymore to fight

    • @ilhamnumber
      @ilhamnumber 4 หลายเดือนก่อน +2

      ​@@wingslider cant go home?

    • @miguelb.655
      @miguelb.655 4 หลายเดือนก่อน +2

      On par with Italy Navy

    • @johndorilag4129
      @johndorilag4129 4 หลายเดือนก่อน +14

      ​@@miguelb.655The Italian navy is better

    • @s0cc451
      @s0cc451 4 หลายเดือนก่อน +9

      ​@@miguelb.655Can't diss the Italian Navy like that....they're not the Army.

  • @jasonz7788
    @jasonz7788 4 หลายเดือนก่อน +4

    Great video thank you

  • @flycatchful
    @flycatchful 4 หลายเดือนก่อน +4

    The content and narration were outstanding. A well made production that other channels should emulate.

  • @Ddnmddnn
    @Ddnmddnn 4 หลายเดือนก่อน +3

    Thanks for covering this battle, its my island of Bali..famous among tourist

  • @GM-fh5jp
    @GM-fh5jp 4 หลายเดือนก่อน

    A very good episode.
    Thanks for posting!
    Can we expect the last stand of Houston and Perth as a follow up in this fine series?

  • @darekkijewski713
    @darekkijewski713 4 หลายเดือนก่อน +5

    Thanks, really well animated, keep up the good work, my friends. Greetings from Poland!

    • @HoH
      @HoH  4 หลายเดือนก่อน

      Thank you very much!

    • @mfulan7548
      @mfulan7548 4 หลายเดือนก่อน

      ​​@@HoH Where are the sources?

  • @mohammedsaysrashid3587
    @mohammedsaysrashid3587 4 หลายเดือนก่อน +3

    An amazing video shared by 🙏( house of history)Channel. Both British & Dutch naval forces where not prepared themselves to future WW2 during 30th years ..thanks

  • @johnpauljones4190
    @johnpauljones4190 4 หลายเดือนก่อน +4

    Hi! Do the battle of the Coral sea. I like theese videoes.

  • @buntysinghal1487
    @buntysinghal1487 4 หลายเดือนก่อน +3

    Completely amazed in how just 1 year the tides will completely change with Japan on the path of utter destruction having lost all its abilities and becoming more or less a sitting duck. A very interesting and knowledgeable video. I will be thankful if u do battle of cale st. George the battle which took their last ability which up to that point was the only strategy which the Japanese possessed I.e. "Night fighting".

  • @yoshinorikw
    @yoshinorikw 4 หลายเดือนก่อน +3

    Interesting video and I enjoyed a lot.
    There are some comments to indicate but I only leave one of them.
    Although Japan helped it, Manchuria was an independent country at that time. Although China claims Manchuria as her territory, Manchuria had never been to China before 1947. Manchuria has her own people other than the Chinese and Japan helped them.
    These are important facts often missed by many European people.

  • @sebastianhadinata7441
    @sebastianhadinata7441 4 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    Please make a video about major Kurt Cheuw en Lee a chinese-american medal of honor recipient of Korean War. Thank you

  • @wilsontheconqueror8101
    @wilsontheconqueror8101 4 หลายเดือนก่อน +3

    Naval engagements are always interesting. I've always wondered do submarines ever assist in these "above the water line" battles? Or is that not what subs were designed for?

    • @Reignor99
      @Reignor99 4 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      Excellent question I'd like a breakdown too. I'm blindly assuming that they didn't really participate in the "set-piece" battles and instead stayed in a guerilla role, but I'm probably wrong to some degree.

    • @kulot-ki1tu
      @kulot-ki1tu 4 หลายเดือนก่อน

      the british if i remember experimented with the idea in ww1 by having submarines support the grand fleet in a traditional line battle but there were several problems with the designs that made them pretty useless

    • @bkjeong4302
      @bkjeong4302 4 หลายเดือนก่อน +2

      All attempts to use submarines in conjunction with surface forces failed horribly, simply because diesel-driven subs can’t keep up with most surface ships.

    • @PSPaaskynen
      @PSPaaskynen 4 หลายเดือนก่อน

      An American and a British submarine attacked the Bali invasion convoy independently of each other, but scored no hits.

  • @olengagallardo8551
    @olengagallardo8551 17 วันที่ผ่านมา

    Love these naval battle sims!❤ Allow me to make minor correction JOLO is pronouced HOLO the capital of Sulu.👍✌

  • @gerhardris
    @gerhardris 4 หลายเดือนก่อน +4

    Excellent video thanks.
    This so much more clarifies to reading books on this when you don't want to invest the time to draw maps without all the primary sources.
    The scenario in which the Piet Hein could have been hit by the US supports my view that the four naval commands should have each worked alone. (Maybe the Aistralian and Brittish could have worked together because more close in ways of doing bussiness.)
    Any way simply having liason officiers on board each ship when groups work together.
    Nice footage BTW to the Dutch major contribution to improving the AA gunnery of the Swedisch 40mm Bofors gun.
    A stabilized double mount. This came about no doubt after the (unintended) hit by a bomb droped by a Ditch Dornier Wal flighing boat to crush the mutany on the Zeven Provincieen kruiser during paycuts during the depression.
    It was the Dutch military and poltical wake up call to the danger of air power to ships. 15:57

  • @ISAF_Ace
    @ISAF_Ace 4 หลายเดือนก่อน +4

    The way the Dutch were consistently able to punch above their weight in imperial matters is always impressive to me. The fact that they were able to take over such a rich region and hold it for centuries is an impressive feat. Despite them being continually outnumbered and outmatched as well, they put up an impressive fight against Japan on Land, Sea and Air (although the given battle isn't a good showing of that)

    • @zurgesmiecal
      @zurgesmiecal 4 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      oh yes, the voc has a massive record of genocidal behaviour

    • @ISAF_Ace
      @ISAF_Ace 4 หลายเดือนก่อน +3

      @@zurgesmiecal Ok? I was talking about the Dutch governments military and political actions over the centuries, not the human rights abuses of a company long dissolved by the time of the second world war. I never denied or commented on the VOC's actions (because they definitely did all those things), so I'm not sure what point you're trying to make here.

    • @zurgesmiecal
      @zurgesmiecal 4 หลายเดือนก่อน

      oh that's how dutchies make things up: "The v.o.c has nothing to do with us, we dutchies are totally innocent." Holy sh...that's some kind of disgusting self-view@@ISAF_Ace

    • @ennui9745
      @ennui9745 4 หลายเดือนก่อน +2

      @@ISAF_Ace The Dutch government wasn't much better than the VOC, so I'm not sure what point you're trying to make by drawing a distinction between them.

    • @ISAF_Ace
      @ISAF_Ace 4 หลายเดือนก่อน

      @@ennui9745 While I was making a distinction between the VOC and Dutch government, I will reiterate this in even simpler terms.
      I am talking about military and political actions. This is not a discussion on the human rights abuses which my original comment makes no mention of. If you have something to add on the military capabilities of the Dutch government or their political situation, feel free to reply. Otherwise, and as I said, that stuff happened and I am not denying or defending it.
      Unless further comments say something meaningful or related to my original point, I will not be replying further.

  • @jamesnagle1106
    @jamesnagle1106 4 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Could you do the battle of Berlin 😁😁

  • @paulfri1569
    @paulfri1569 4 หลายเดือนก่อน +2

    Never split up your force's?

  • @randywise5241
    @randywise5241 4 หลายเดือนก่อน +2

    The American torpedoes were not very good in the first of the war. I doubt if they shot the ally's ship. Even if they fired by mistake.

  • @mfulan7548
    @mfulan7548 4 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Where are the sources?

  • @janlindtner305
    @janlindtner305 4 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    👍👍👍

  • @jamesstirling9936
    @jamesstirling9936 4 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    👏👏👏👏👏👏👏👏👏👏

  • @sbam4881
    @sbam4881 หลายเดือนก่อน

    So a fleet of 2 Lt.Cruisers and 3 destroyers were complexly routed by 2 destroyers. What an embarrassing display of seamanship.

  • @christopherhanton6611
    @christopherhanton6611 4 หลายเดือนก่อน

    battle of Bismarck Sea

  • @derpynerdy6294
    @derpynerdy6294 4 หลายเดือนก่อน

    animation is strikingly similar to baz battles

  • @notthefbi7932
    @notthefbi7932 4 หลายเดือนก่อน +3

    I think this is first ever mention of the Dutch navy I've heard of in WW2 🤔

    • @feddek9325
      @feddek9325 4 หลายเดือนก่อน

      You should Search for the Dutch submarines they where even more effective than the German U-Boats

  • @DrKarmo
    @DrKarmo 4 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Great video! Will you guys go back to making non modern battle videos tho? Don't get me wrong, this is great but i miss the old content

    • @HoH
      @HoH  4 หลายเดือนก่อน +10

      I definitely will, eventually. It's just me working on the channel though so I go wherever my interest takes me. I have some things planned around Rome, the Hanoverian War and the Franco-Prussian War, but for now I am still enjoying naval battles!

    • @DrKarmo
      @DrKarmo 4 หลายเดือนก่อน +2

      @@HoH ohhhhh, you make videos of this quality in only a week alone??? That's impressive, I'm proud of you. No pressure about the old battles! Also you could make some videos about naval battles of the 19th century, the battle between austria and italy that involved fleets with ironclads would be super interesting! As well as the battle of Riachuelo, which isn't rlly a naval battle since it happened on a river but it's super interesting regardless

    • @HoH
      @HoH  4 หลายเดือนก่อน +4

      Thanks for the suggestions. Yes, I do this on my own (which is why it's 7 PM on a saturday and I'm still working after working all week 😉). I love doing this, though, but it is why I cannot create videos about many suggestions from viewers - each video easily takes over 40-50 hours to create, so it takes a lot of planning and preparation. Often, a video I have had in mind will be released after 2-3 months because so many projects come inbetween.

    • @HoH
      @HoH  4 หลายเดือนก่อน +6

      Actually, I've been meaning to read more about South American history. Riachuelo sounds very interesting!

    • @DrKarmo
      @DrKarmo 4 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      @@HoH no worries! Keep up the good work, every one of your videos is always great, and the fact you take criticism and feedback into account (such as the squares and triangles representing different types of troops) makes you specially admirable!!

  • @dimosthenistserikis5901
    @dimosthenistserikis5901 4 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    I really do not understand why the cruisers, with heavier displacement, better armoured and with bigger artillery hardly damaged the enemy destroyers and then proceeded to retreat, despite possesing superiror firepower in almost any regard, leaving the destroyers to then fend off for themselves. Why would they ever do that?

    • @feddek9325
      @feddek9325 4 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      They where outdated light cruisers build to patrol the Indonesian archipelago. With the task to protect trade lanes against pirates they werent build for war.

  • @armored.angels
    @armored.angels 4 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Wow bazbattle new account?

    • @mfulan7548
      @mfulan7548 4 หลายเดือนก่อน

      Wait, for real?

    • @armored.angels
      @armored.angels 4 หลายเดือนก่อน

      @@mfulan7548 look at the CG, it is bazbattle... No one use this kind of CG even king and general

    • @mfulan7548
      @mfulan7548 4 หลายเดือนก่อน

      @@armored.angels If that is really true, not surprising that this channel is useless as bazbattle. Not citing the sources for history part in the description

  • @andrewstackpool4911
    @andrewstackpool4911 4 หลายเดือนก่อน +4

    Americans were good at sinking allied ships but the disgusting thing is that ABDA,should never have Been formed. Ships that would be needed desperately were lost, no strategic plan or intent, only the Australians and Brits had worked together, no.common communications and one must question the fighting quality of most ships and the command. Here is a classic example. Two cruisers and four destroyers running like frightened rabbits from two destroyers with no attempt to regroup. Fantastic

    • @oddballsok
      @oddballsok 3 หลายเดือนก่อน

      “Only Brits and Aussies worked together” “abda should not have formed “…no surprise then that you find NO BRITISH SHIPS Active in DEI waters with abda command under Dutch guidance.
      In fact you find virtually NO PROPER British land troops and a hand full of raf planes helping the Dutch there.
      And that is BECAUSE THE BRITS WERE RATTING OUT THE DUTCH leaving them defenceless after it’s HUMILIATING defeat at Singapore !
      Churchill and British HQ had NO PLANS and NO DESIRE to defend Java against jap forces AT ALL !!
      After indeed the Dutch were FAST to declare war on Japan and make GOOD USE of their submarines whereas Britain had NILL SUBS IN THE AREA!!and us subs (and destroyers) carried FAILURE torpedoes !!
      The MAJOR FAILURE in all these opening phases of the SE Asia wars were EXCLUSIVELY the British !!!

  • @unitedwestand5100
    @unitedwestand5100 4 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    Its well known that Japan modeled its Navy after America.

  • @northumbriabushcraft1208
    @northumbriabushcraft1208 4 หลายเดือนก่อน

    I love to hear about the early war axis victories. Considering the axis lost the war, it's amazing they conquered as much territory as they did, Germany taking most of Europe and Japan taking most of East Asia.
    Things could have gone very differently if Germany and Japan communicated better and synchronised and attack on the Soviets. The cold war would have been between capitalism and Fascism instead of Capitalism and communism.

    • @northumbriabushcraft1208
      @northumbriabushcraft1208 4 หลายเดือนก่อน

      I like alternate history scenarios too, they are fascinating.
      But in General, the more I learn about WW2 and all other historical events the better, I like to be as educated as I can be on history.

    • @duncandl910
      @duncandl910 11 วันที่ผ่านมา

      @@northumbriabushcraft1208 japan entertained such ideas but wisely did not attempt a conquest of the soviet union after the battle of khalkhin gol which did not go their way.

  • @valeriangelov5592
    @valeriangelov5592 4 หลายเดือนก่อน

    It's very confusing when you mix imperial and metric systems.

    • @HoH
      @HoH  4 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      Sorry if it gave you an interdenominational hangover

    • @Emdee5632
      @Emdee5632 4 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      Just use metric only. 96% of the world population is using it too.

    • @mfulan7548
      @mfulan7548 4 หลายเดือนก่อน

      ​@@HoH Where are the sources?

    • @studleyjb3172
      @studleyjb3172 3 หลายเดือนก่อน

      ​@@Emdee5632yes, but the other 4% won the war.

    • @Emdee5632
      @Emdee5632 3 หลายเดือนก่อน

      @@studleyjb3172 😆 Just keep thinking that...

  • @lilboy3102
    @lilboy3102 4 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Correction needed: British 🇬🇧 not English

  • @iainmc9859
    @iainmc9859 4 หลายเดือนก่อน +2

    I really enjoy your vlogs ... but stop saying 'English'. Since The Act of Union in 1707 it has been the British Army and the Royal Navy, the Royal Flying Corp from 1912 -18 (including the Royal Navy Flying Corp), and from 1918 the Royal Air Force.
    If you are referring to the combined services and/or government say BRITISH, or sack the presumably US scriptwriter who can't tell the difference !

    • @HoH
      @HoH  4 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      Youre' right - I overlooked it during proofreading. I write everything myself but I'm not a UK/US native hence my oversight. I will make sure to pay attention to it to all future videos. Thanks!

    • @mfulan7548
      @mfulan7548 4 หลายเดือนก่อน

      ​@@HoH Where are the sources?

  • @earthsciencetech
    @earthsciencetech 4 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Actually uk , us has the most powerful allied army in ww2. Other all allieds had a very weak armies.

  • @Unzepe
    @Unzepe 4 หลายเดือนก่อน +2

    Piet is one word not pi-et 😂

  • @HoH
    @HoH  4 หลายเดือนก่อน +7

    ✨This video is not sponsored. If you enjoy my videos and want early access to my content, consider supporting House of History at www.patreon.com/HouseofHistory!

    • @danielsantiagourtado3430
      @danielsantiagourtado3430 4 หลายเดือนก่อน

      You're amazing! Love these videos 😊😊😊❤❤❤❤

    • @mfulan7548
      @mfulan7548 4 หลายเดือนก่อน

      Where are the sources? If you earn money from this video, is that so hard to citate the sources in the description?

  • @wr1120
    @wr1120 4 หลายเดือนก่อน +3

    A bit of a sh*tshow if you ask me.

    • @JoeOvercoat
      @JoeOvercoat 4 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      Right?
      …”That went well.” 😳

  • @indrajitgupta3280
    @indrajitgupta3280 3 หลายเดือนก่อน

    What on earth is the Badung Strait? Never heard of such a geographical feature. Bandung, where India joined hands with four other nations to proclaim the Panch Sheel Doctrine, is another matter; Bandung is on the island of Java, and the next island is Bali, and the water body separating the two is the Bandung Strait.

    • @HoH
      @HoH  3 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      The fact you haven't heard about doesn't mean it doesn't exist: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badung_Strait

  • @tedsmith6137
    @tedsmith6137 2 หลายเดือนก่อน

    It would have been useful to actually tell and show us where the Badung Strait is. Even Google Earth doesn't know.

    • @OhioDan
      @OhioDan 2 หลายเดือนก่อน

      Around Bali, evidently.

  • @zali13
    @zali13 4 หลายเดือนก่อน

    BANDUNG Strait, not Badung.

    • @HoH
      @HoH  4 หลายเดือนก่อน +2

      It's Badung, not Bandung.

    • @ennui9745
      @ennui9745 4 หลายเดือนก่อน +2

      It is Badung Strait lol.

    • @Ddnmddnn
      @Ddnmddnn 4 หลายเดือนก่อน +2

      Its Badung, a region (kabupaten) in Bali😂 someone miss their lesson lol

    • @Ddnmddnn
      @Ddnmddnn 4 หลายเดือนก่อน +2

      Since when Bandung has strait💀☠️

    • @mfulan7548
      @mfulan7548 4 หลายเดือนก่อน

      ​@@HoH Where are the sources?

  • @leexingha
    @leexingha 4 หลายเดือนก่อน +2

    at 1:46, "the dutch seized the Dutch East Indies" - sir, that particular area has a proper name at that time just like how u called present-day Taiwan, the Formosa, & also labeling India as British India which is a perfect one. Dutch East Indies is a name after but u applied it as pre. continue with ur sugarcoating & ill say kiss goodbye to your channel (DONT RECOMMEND CHANNEL). also, pls call Philippines, US Philippines. u, western historian channels, never failed to call WW2 Germany as Nazi Germany so why not apply such to a whole?

    • @JoeOvercoat
      @JoeOvercoat 4 หลายเดือนก่อน +2

      You’re going on about proper names, but you can’t be bothered to spell out the word ‘you’.

    • @leexingha
      @leexingha 4 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      @@JoeOvercoat speak no more else u'll be revealing ur brain quality to me

    • @ennui9745
      @ennui9745 4 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      Why on earth should he call the Philippines the US Philippines?

    • @leexingha
      @leexingha 4 หลายเดือนก่อน

      @@ennui9745 let me answer ur zt3wp!d question with another question: what do they mean of Germany-occupied France that some docu is mentioning?

    • @ennui9745
      @ennui9745 4 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      @@leexingha You don't even have two brain cells to rub together. Pathetic.