Dude I can't believe this is done better than any network over the last 15 years, and with a budget I can only imagine is a fraction of a percentage of what they have to work with. Liking and sharing every video I can, cuz I wanna see what this guy can do on a big boy budget
I work for "big tv" and quality does not scale with budget. Running a network and producing 100 shows at once takes a ton of money for salaries, camera crews, overhead, licensing, etc. No one is really paid to care too much about each show unless it's a special or something. For this channel, you have three people doing their own thing and doing it well. I hate to say it but a big budget would probably ruin this channel, as it does for most things when they get too popular. I would much rather see the big money go into their pockets instead of production.
@@friedpickles342 this video would say that we know it didn’t. How can you read that fact and then go “god is great” when the math doesn’t add up Edit: I am getting replies a year later still. @ the guy below who said I am bullying him for no reason. This guy is supporting Creationist theory in a Scientific Video discussing continental drift, which literally goes against his 'who knows' statement. If he wants to express his beliefs, go ahead, but you should expect pushback if you are expressing those beliefs on a space specifically commenting about this SCIENTIFIC video. If he has some scientific evidence to support his faith, please go ahead.
This channel is hugely underrated. This by far some of the best work I've seen in a long time, and it's not even a major network production. I wish discovery and history went back to shows like this, it's blinding. I feel privileged to watch these videos as they're uploaded, and I hope as a creator you get a lot more notoriety and acclaim for your work. Thank you so much!
It is indeed sad that Discovery and History have sunk to "reality" shows. It is a sad comment on our society. So many do not wish to be educated, but instead seek to ne hypnotized by shows which present anything except reality.
This channel is a much needed throwback to when documentaries were about the information they contain rather than the scenic shots and how epic a voice the narrator can attempt to do.
Even today, if you approached Earth in a spaceship directly above the centre of the Pacific Ocean, pretty much much all you’d see is water. Pretty much all the land is on one side of the Earth.
The animation around 21:00 suggests that India was attached to Asia from the get-go. India was attached to today's Antarctica and Australia and collided with Asia!
Great video, thanks. Poor Wegener, he was ridiculed for his Continental Drift Theory during his lifetime, and his ideas were not vindicated until after his death, when the mechanism responsible for his observations, Plate Tectonics, was discovered. I trained as a geologist in the 1980s, and some of my older professors weren’t fully convinced of PT, although it was taught in every class.
Ortelius was brilliantly ahead of his time as well, just like Galileo with his optics, people are ridiculed until proven otherwise. But that is what drives the passion for discovery and understanding!
When I first saw a world map, I always though Africa and South America looked like they could slot together lile puzzle pieces. When I heard about the Continental Drift Theory, my young mind thought it made a lot of sense.
There was also the weird idea that the expanding oceans meant earth is expanding. The theory behind it was that all that surface has to go somewhere, and more surface means it needs to be bigger. Obviously by now we know that crust also subducts, but the theory was still interesting.
Don't usually comment on documentary content, but this series is truly something special. You've covered a swath of topics with uncommon depth and context and made them feel alive with your presentation style. Thank you so much for these. Can I make a suggestion? The relative scale and position of time periods this covers can be difficult to visualize in a simple text-only title format. (There can be a lot of numbers to keep track of.) You could introduce subjects overlayed as a block on a horizontal geologic timeline chart, that would be zoomed in or out of or focused as needed, kind of like a clip in a video editor timeline. It doesn't need to have fancy animation or anything. It would make contextual understanding much simpler! On another note, I also made some earth-from-space VFX footage some years back I'd happily donate if you would find it useful in your b-roll. Looking forward to more of this series. To Leila, Pete, David and all, keep up the incredible work.
Your series of videos are wonderful. Thanks for your hard work in getting these together. If only the internet were around when I was a kid 50 years ago and learning about biology and geography!
As I have been interested in these subjects for decades, I don't find I learn any new facts -- but your presentation and editing is truly enjoyable. (And yes, so much better than network stuff, which I can't bear!)
I question whether the is ANY facts to learn Iam not saying none of this is true (and this production is good) but.. This is surely all guess work? How can any human being today, speak with certainly about the continental layouts of such a far gone time?
I found this totally captivating and I'm a scientist! A perfect blend of technical information mixed with history. This is an excellent video for a junior high school earth science class. I guarantee it would hold the attention of students and stir a myriad of questions and derivative thought. My compliments to the author and narrator.
@@MeeMee-gz5vp "I’m not sure what happened to the quality of television programs." Shareholders and ideology which are antithetical to creativity and quality.
Again this was a brilliant production that was both intellectually stimulating and interesting. The question that you brushed on but I would like to have a deeper understanding of the link of life forms and the tectonic plate movements. What developed and when and how did the formation of the supercontinents effect the development of different life forms both on land and at sea. Please keep going with these productions as I really enjoy them.
Yes, I too would love a side-by-side timeline showing what happens when, on both the supercontinent formation and life evolution fronts. Thanks for making this superb video!
According to the chaos theory, wich is the way our univers work, small diffrent initial condittions, over time, leads to huge differences in the results. So over this huge spans of time, wich the human mind can't even fathom, the changes to weather, climate, distribution of life, ecosistems,etc are inimaginably gigantic and unpredictable.
@Jesus is LORD Repent for what though? God IS Absolute Perfection, therefore only Perfection can come from God. That which is NOT PERFECT is therefore not ultimately real, but only a temporary experience of the finite and subjective mind...which does judge... incorrectly. To KNOW one's TRUE SELF is to KNOW God. Until then we are caught up in the veiled mind's distorting dream of imperfection, limitation, and seperation from The Whole. Something to consider... or not... THAT ONE, which Jesus is, is actually FAR Greater than ANY religion teaches, or comprehends. The finite mind of Man can not fathom THAT Infinite, underlying Reality which God is.. and for a very good reason. God purposefully hides from "His" creation in order to have experiences. The subjective mind of Man creates its own judgemental and flawed image of God .... which does not come close to THAT ultimate reality... which is Absolute Perfection and free of all judgement. Bottom line.. whatever the mind of man THINKS God is, will always fall short. Only by Transcending the non-local / non-physical mind can we truly KNOW THAT which is the Source of all minds.. and that is where Grace comes in... Grace being the Revealing power of God / Infinite Consciousness / Pure Awareness. Grace is the key... and is a free Agent, owned by no religion, individual, or group. Again, just something to consider... or not. God IS THAT unchanging and Constant underlying Essence of everything here. That ONE supports all experiential, and ever changing realities of the mind, while Knowing better than to judge any of it. Seek and KNOW what the limiting mind can not KNOW. Seek Within...and understand that Ultimately.. there is no "out there" out there. All experiences take place ONLY within the mind. In a very real sense we ARE The Dream of God, and of course Dream and Dreamer are ONE and the same. There is nothing to repent for. You are Perfect BEing, incapable of actually DOing anything. This IS the Great Mystery of life... which ONLY Grace can reveal... when the time is right. Peace
remember, when you are watching this video, which is nothing less of an amazing work of art and a documentrary of sort, you either see stills of people, some related things in between but mostly stick footages.. yet the narration is so good you rarely notice that you are watching mostly a collection of stitched stock footage.
Degree in geography in 1984. Wow. I went in other directions but this sure makes me excited about the advancement of science. I subscribed and need to see some more of these!
The spread of the lemurs is almost certainly not due to continental drift and land bridges. India, Africa and Madagascar were already widely separated before the evolution of the lemur. Lemurs most likely evolved in Asia, spread to Africa and arrived in Madagascar via rafting. The great diversity of lemurs in Madagascar is due to empty ecological niches they could fill and no competition from Monkeys, advantages their relatives on the continents lacked.
@@rtucker0458 There's a good discussion of that very topic in a video from PBS Eons - th-cam.com/video/1hTJh8W0khU/w-d-xo.html Genetic testing appears to indicate lemurs arrived on the island some 30 million years after it had become isolated.
@@bradleypotts9865 Well there may be. But I won't support PBS in any capacity.. To include watching or going to one of their video's. What I was speaking of is. It should be possible to tell which populations are older and how they relate from genetics.
I've really enjoyed your series so far but this has totally blown my mind. I had a basic understanding of tectonics but never considered the idea of repeatedly converging continents
I find it so incredibly stimulating to watch videos like these. They offer both a humbling perspective on life and work as a great source for inspiration for writing fiction.
I am probably one of the first viewers and I would like to take this very short-lived chance to thank the team for this new video, I love your work, and I thank you for it! I learned a lot from your collective effort!
I'm only 11 minutes in and already there are SERIOUS errors, such as made around 11:15 that Venus is entirely covered from pole to pole with lava. This is not true. Not even close. The Russians landed a probe on Venus and sent back photos of the rocky surface. With this kind of error, how can you believe a single word of what is in here. This is a HUGE error. There is no land on Venus is a categorically false statement. If you didn't know it was from Venus, you would think it came from Mars, a planet many hundreds of degrees cooler.
@@tarstarkusz "... plenty of volcanic features, from shield volcanoes to vast lava fields. But they were all hallmarks of a single, basaltic rock. No sedimentary deltas, no metamorphic mountains, no explosive stratovolcanoes. Only dark, fluid lava over the planet's entire surface...." Okay, maybe that could have been clearer, but it doesn't mean that the surface of Venus is all _currently molten_ lava. Rather, it means that Venus is covered by low-silica basalt, like that formed at Earth's rift zones. I.e. plate tectonics isn't working on Venus as it has on Earth, so it doesn't have the differentiation between the oceanic basalt and the continental rocks -- sedimentary, metamorphic, and inland igneous rocks.
23:27 Nice video overall, but someone put a lot of effort into a sadly incorrect animation of plate tectonics. India is shown resting peacefully as part of Asia, rather than violently colliding with Asia and raising the Himalayas.
It may be good to permanently remember with all these colliding, crushing and moving parts it all happened with the speed of a growing finger nail, as mentioned in the beginning of this video.
I liked the serendipity of the sponsor being Magellan TV, and then immediately after the sponsor promo the first thing you talk about was the Magellan spacecraft.
I think you're "not allowed" to talk about Magellan's mission to Venus without reminding us that it was actually "cobbled together" out of junk and leftovers that were laying around at JPL.... just makes it even more cool in it's achievements.
Sometimes I think that NASA and JPL should come up with a basic bus structure for interplanetary missions that can be tailored by adding mission specific modules instead of custom building each probe.
@@mpetersen6 - it would make the most sense. Would drive mission costs down and increase proficiency as we could continuously update and upgrade the base system based on technological growth instead of reinventing the wheel with every new mission. It would also speed up the period between missions as all the needed functionality and stress testing wouldn't need to be as thorough with a proven tested system. The members of the mission team could become more and more familiar with the base system making the specialists able to operate and fine tune the base system with better results.
Really the only benefit of creating a mission specific custom probe everytime is the ability to use cutting edge tech. Even this could be incorporated into a base probe system if the base system was designed in a way to be able to remove and replace various add ons. Like make the sensors with a system that allows them to be able to added or removed so the newest sensors could be installed as needed. Same with the base system's cpu and whatever cameras they use. Something that works like the pitcatinny rail modular system used on firearms today that make it a universal attachment system for firearm accessories.
Technically we do have a super continent today but part of what connected it is submerged. In the last glacier maximum Eurasia, Africa and the Americas were all connected.
Well being a history and archaeology lover I've just subscribed. along with History with Cy and History Time with Pete Kelly. I'm 71 year old lady and consider myself pretty intelligent but after trying to learn from a less than stellar History Dept that, is all want to do is learn. Yeah I find plate tectonics so interesting. I love British history and classical history and the person I'd most like to meet is Oh Yeah Alexander the Great!!
Wow, this is one of the most educational videos I've seen. I've learned more from this video than I learned in school, and it kept me interested the whole way thru. Knowing the history of our Earth is pretty dam cool.
5 seconds in, 50 minute video about one of my favourite subjects (pre-history, yay! :D), and a very brief look at your channel, and i'm subbed. This reeks of quality content. Yes. _Yes please._ EDIT: I've now watched it all, and i have to say, such a beautiful documentary. I have to admit that you really did dig up that excited adventurous kid in me for most of it. Never stop making videos, because you damn well know i'll never stop watching them. ;) You put conventional history channels and large media documentaries to shame!
Just a tip from an old historian ... "Prehistory" includes all of geological time straight back to the Hadean, technically speaking. When historians use the term, we usually are talking about the paleolithic, mesolithic and neolithic eras (or even more recent times in cultures without any writing system.). But that's only because historians don't deal with early hominids or the deep geological past. I Regardless, it is all prehistoric. I see you are referring to the part of the video about early hominids and early debates around evolutionary theory. But this entire video is actually about prehistory. Anyways ... I totally agree. It's a great topic. I come to this channel for three geology but I really enjoy that they include history of science references. It makes for good "audio book" material while driving for me!
Knowing is Belonging. After watching all these videos I have come to know the very Earth that I had sprung from n a deep feeling of belonging to Earth has also sprung within me n strangely it feels peaceful.
Fascinating stuff . Water saturated planet Earth is such a jewel as it moves through space. It's high time humanity as a whole should recognise how lucky it was to be part of this very rare blue oasis.👍🏻🌏
I always find it so funny that the first people to start thinking about plate tectonics did so only after the Americas were found and mapped. Looking at that map, they noticed South America and Africa fitting like a puzzle and took it from there. It’s the exact same process as kids take. They look at a globe and are like, Why does it look like this piece fits into that piece. It literally took the map looking like a puzzle to figure it out 😃
Mankind- well we kinda poisoned our water while worshiping a bunch of Armageddon driven used car salesmen so we went extinct as quick as we popped up. Sux to have been us.
When I was 18, It need to decide which undergraduation I was going to choose. I am from a Mining city. But I thought: oh! rocks are boring! Now when I see these documentaries I see they can reveal from our world. 🤯
That description of the different climates of the supercontinents and how they differ from regular continents was something I never knew before, was really cool
Great video! Thank you. The writing is very good. The story built up in a very logical and clearly understandable manner and actually helped me understand a number of things I had not understood before about plate tectonics. Great job!
If I ever had a complaint about your videos it's that they're too short, I just wanna keep on watching! So I'm really happy this one was more than 15-20 minutes! Looking forward to many many more hours of your content, even tho I already know quite a bit about some of the topics you covered so far I always enjoy it and always also learn something new!
The ultimate failure of science is its inability to explain the origin of the universe. "The Big Bang event is a physical theory that describes how the universe expanded from an initial state of high density and temperature" -Wikipedia -> Big Bang describes the "expansion" not the "origin" of the universe. "Extrapolating this cosmic expansion backwards in time using the known laws of physics, the models describe an increasingly concentrated cosmos preceded by a singularity in which space and time lose meaning ("the Big Bang singularity"). "A gravitational singularity, spacetime singularity or simply singularity is a condition in which gravity is so intense that spacetime itself breaks down catastrophically." -> Singularity is due to intense gravity, and gravity according to General Relativity is curvature of spacetime due to matter, curvature or Einstein tensor = (8πG/c^4)T, where T=matter content, if T=0, gravity=0, hence no singularity. So where did the original matter and spacetime come from? Atheists are clueless about this, but this is answered by Genesis 1:1 KJ21 In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth.
I can imagine Venus' final days as a planet that could possibly harbour life. The loss of the last bits of water being taken away, leading to a hell hole that the planet could never recover from.
I'm still in awe of the Rocky Mountains much less the Andes or Himalayas. I remember how Nat. Geographical did this article on the Rockies up in Canada and specifically how sedimentary rock at one point in Earth's history had been an ocean laying horizontal. Now it's tilted to almost 90 degrees. Yeah pretty amazing.
This is the most fantastic video I have ever watched for it solidly answers so many of my own questions and imaginings that I had way back in elementary school about 60 years ago. Finally all those questions have been answered in a crystal clear manner. I wish we could track humanity so easily. I imagine that the closed doors of the Vatican, and all of the ancient libraries that were destroyed nearly globally, might just have solved a good deal of the questions that remain. I highly suspect that a lot of cultural roots were made during the last Pangia. The stone carvings of the Toltec absolutely have amazed me for decades and have inspired me to think that perhaps idea of latitude connections between South America and Africa may very well show why there were similar cultural expressions. Ancient human experiences during the times of these great changes are more than likely at the root of astral observations in the Pyramid building eras spread across the planet, all of which continue to hold very ancient mysteries. Thank you so much for creating and posting your video. Keep up the great work.
Modern humans first appeared 200,000 years ago, mammals only really developed after the dinosaurs were removed as a threat 65,000,000 years ago. Pangaea disappeared long before then. Just because pyramids are built on both sides of the Atlantic does not mean they were built when the continents were connected, I suggest you revise your time frame. The pyramids on each continent are built in completely different styles which bear no resemblance to each other, and the only reason pyramids were built is because they have a strong base, and ancient cultures couldn't build better shapes as their material wasn't strong enough.
HOTE and HOTU rock. Who needs Netflix when you have this kind of quality programming? Why would I even want to watch a bunch of 20-somethings airing all their social dysfunctionalities on Netflix when I can watch this kind of quality educational programming?
How many documentaries did yall watch when you were younger? Cause I watched a lot and I gotta say very much getting the same vibe from this as I got from those. The cadence and sound of the voice, to the images and music. Very nice
This tipe of documentary makes you wonder how many more factors may be introduced into Drake equation to truly obtain an approximation. Maybe planets exactly like ours able to generate complex life forms are extremely rare in the great cosmos making them truly jewels of the universe.
If the Moon creation hypothesis is correct, then the first supercontinent was likely the spot left behind when the Moon left Earth... Leaving a fragile crust & an off balanced planet
not necessarily. It wasn't really like the Moon that exists now was just attached to the Earth at the time and simply broke off, It's more like a lot of crust broke off all at once, ended up orbiting the Earth, and coalesced to form the Moon over time. Plus, all those bits of Earth that became the Moon would've left holes behind (probably with fragile crust, like you mentioned), not new supercontinents. Don't get me wrong, I don't doubt it affected plate tectonics, it just wouldn't really make sense for there to be a new supercontinent in a spot that just lost a lot of crust, because to have a continent you need thicker crust.
When Theia merged with Earth, it would have liquified the entire surface of the planet... any sufficiently large impact would liquify the surface of the planet. A new crust would then form from the ocean of lava. Theia's core would have sunk through the mantle and merged with Earth's core, in fact they've found abnormalities in the core and mantle that indicate this. The Moon was made from the lighter outer layers of both Theia and Earth that "splashed off" in the glancing impact, that material going into orbit and then rapidly accreting into the Moon... which explains why the Moon's density is lower than Earth's...
The dude who came up with the idea of plate tectonics wasn't dutch but Belgian though. YOUR CHANNELS HAVE THE BEST Documentaries on the Planet, I absolutely love them! And it's so beautifully written by Leila!
I love the narration, but perhaps with the hot-shot animated graphics possible today, the slow movement of the continents, both established and speculative, could be imaginatively synchronized with the text?
Back in the Mesozoic era I was hooked on a series called "Making of a Continent", it was focussed on North America, however, this documentary gives some background to that series as things moved about a lot without very much context. Many thanks for great share.
I believe that they expect the Caribbean subduction zone (Puerto Rico Trench) to expand. I disagree with this model, and prefer the Orthoversion model, with the creation of what is termed "Amasia" forming over the north pole.
@D Chapo You are correct about scientists making theories that turns into facts. Despite all of this controversy, there is some truth into it. Not everything is correct but some of it is. However, it is correct that Earth has subcontinents in the past and will surely have more supercontinents in the far future.
Remember when the Discovery Channel used to make docos this good?
This is actually incredible. Thank you
Before the elite gave orders to dumb down the population
No
@@brianjensen5661 how no?
You can find em on every streaming service now.
I go to the history channel for my daily dose of lies. It should be labeled as a fictional channel full of lies and deceit.
All well-deserved compliments, but no mention of the real star, writer and researcher, Leily Battison. Absolutely tops.
Dude I can't believe this is done better than any network over the last 15 years, and with a budget I can only imagine is a fraction of a percentage of what they have to work with. Liking and sharing every video I can, cuz I wanna see what this guy can do on a big boy budget
I work for "big tv" and quality does not scale with budget. Running a network and producing 100 shows at once takes a ton of money for salaries, camera crews, overhead, licensing, etc. No one is really paid to care too much about each show unless it's a special or something.
For this channel, you have three people doing their own thing and doing it well. I hate to say it but a big budget would probably ruin this channel, as it does for most things when they get too popular. I would much rather see the big money go into their pockets instead of production.
"DiD aLiEnS wRiTe ThE bIbLe?"
@@xjohnny1000 well said, and excellent point that I hadn't really considered from that perspective
@@theillegalseagull6838 It's amazing how catering to advertisers tends to dumb down content! LMFAO!
@@isray89 lmao
Imagine a crack forming and slowly growing at about the rate of a growing fingernail and it grows grows and becomes the Atlantic Ocean. Nuts
Why is that nuts? Earth is alive.. Just like you and I. It hiccups and farts pisses and poops. Gets injuries and heals. God is great
@@friedpickles342 so u think that happaned in 6000 years?
@@Username-wm9vu who knows. .
@@friedpickles342 this video would say that we know it didn’t.
How can you read that fact and then go “god is great” when the math doesn’t add up
Edit: I am getting replies a year later still. @ the guy below who said I am bullying him for no reason. This guy is supporting Creationist theory in a Scientific Video discussing continental drift, which literally goes against his 'who knows' statement.
If he wants to express his beliefs, go ahead, but you should expect pushback if you are expressing those beliefs on a space specifically commenting about this SCIENTIFIC video. If he has some scientific evidence to support his faith, please go ahead.
@@scpdatabase969 believing in God doesn't mean you believe the Bible verbatim
Dear Leila: You are a wonderful script writer and dedicated researcher! Thank you for a wonderful program.
Agreed. Absolutely fantastic.
This channel is hugely underrated. This by far some of the best work I've seen in a long time, and it's not even a major network production. I wish discovery and history went back to shows like this, it's blinding. I feel privileged to watch these videos as they're uploaded, and I hope as a creator you get a lot more notoriety and acclaim for your work. Thank you so much!
It is indeed sad that Discovery and History have sunk to "reality" shows. It is a sad comment on our society. So many do not wish to be educated, but instead seek to ne hypnotized by shows which present anything except reality.
its 2021.. noone watches them shows anymore.. this is the future. this guy dosent even need to put ads in.. he should be making a living off a patreon
Agree to all the points, but why notoriety?
Notoriety will come, I am pretty sure of that. Reminds me the Carl Sagan Cosmos series !
@@harrietharlow9929 ,
This channel is a much needed throwback to when documentaries were about the information they contain rather than the scenic shots and how epic a voice the narrator can attempt to do.
th-cam.com/video/e8bddJ0Qf8I/w-d-xo.html
The scary thing when thinking about these supercontinents is that the other side of the earth was just a massive ocean.
Get ready for the next video to learn more...!
Really gets the thalassophobia going, init.
Yeah! I want to know more about how super-oceans are different from just oceans
Even today, if you approached Earth in a spaceship directly above the centre of the Pacific Ocean, pretty much much all you’d see is water. Pretty much all the land is on one side of the Earth.
Hmmm wow. I'm stoned and imagining it's now. Curious about the seabed on that side too
The animation around 21:00 suggests that India was attached to Asia from the get-go. India was attached to today's Antarctica and Australia and collided with Asia!
I noticed this as well and it really pulled me out of the doc's narrative. Accurate representation matters 👏
I am absolutely loving these documentaries. Thank you so much.
Great video, thanks. Poor Wegener, he was ridiculed for his Continental Drift Theory during his lifetime, and his ideas were not vindicated until after his death, when the mechanism responsible for his observations, Plate Tectonics, was discovered. I trained as a geologist in the 1980s, and some of my older professors weren’t fully convinced of PT, although it was taught in every class.
Ortelius was brilliantly ahead of his time as well, just like Galileo with his optics, people are ridiculed until proven otherwise. But that is what drives the passion for discovery and understanding!
When I first saw a world map, I always though Africa and South America looked like they could slot together lile puzzle pieces. When I heard about the Continental Drift Theory, my young mind thought it made a lot of sense.
@@NovaGirl8 Same. At that age, we play with a lot of puzzles and blocks. Fitting together just was a natural instinct for my mind.
th-cam.com/video/e8bddJ0Qf8I/w-d-xo.html
There was also the weird idea that the expanding oceans meant earth is expanding. The theory behind it was that all that surface has to go somewhere, and more surface means it needs to be bigger.
Obviously by now we know that crust also subducts, but the theory was still interesting.
This channel is awesome. Reminds me of the national geographic in the 90´s
The good old times. NGC, History and Discovery actually airing good programs.
90's was an awesome era specially in documentaries :)
It's just so great, so relaxing and informative
All I remember about national geographic were tits.
instant sub. born in 86, this reminds me of being young.
Don't usually comment on documentary content, but this series is truly something special. You've covered a swath of topics with uncommon depth and context and made them feel alive with your presentation style. Thank you so much for these.
Can I make a suggestion? The relative scale and position of time periods this covers can be difficult to visualize in a simple text-only title format. (There can be a lot of numbers to keep track of.)
You could introduce subjects overlayed as a block on a horizontal geologic timeline chart, that would be zoomed in or out of or focused as needed, kind of like a clip in a video editor timeline. It doesn't need to have fancy animation or anything. It would make contextual understanding much simpler!
On another note, I also made some earth-from-space VFX footage some years back I'd happily donate if you would find it useful in your b-roll.
Looking forward to more of this series. To Leila, Pete, David and all, keep up the incredible work.
You are great.
Thanks!
Your series of videos are wonderful. Thanks for your hard work in getting these together. If only the internet were around when I was a kid 50 years ago and learning about biology and geography!
and GEOLOGY
Time to rewatch the entire series again..
Content like this makes me feel connected to Life, the Universe, Everything...
We are the Universe experiencing itself.
As I have been interested in these subjects for decades, I don't find I learn any new facts -- but your presentation and editing is truly enjoyable. (And yes, so much better than network stuff, which I can't bear!)
Sometimes you don't need an endless line of new facts and theories. It's nice to just be able to visualize the ones you have.
I question whether the is ANY facts to learn
Iam not saying none of this is true (and this production is good) but.. This is surely all guess work? How can any human being today, speak with certainly about the continental layouts of such a far gone time?
@@RKOzzageology
I found this totally captivating and I'm a scientist! A perfect blend of technical information mixed with history. This is an excellent video for a junior high school earth science class. I guarantee it would hold the attention of students and stir a myriad of questions and derivative thought. My compliments to the author and narrator.
you mean pysence
I'm so glad I found this channel, being able to see the Earth's history thru these well presented documentaries is a privilege.
Fantastic videos as always. The visuals, the voice overs, and the scripts are amazing. Better than anything on TV.
So true! I’m not sure what happened to the quality of television programs. All I know is they’re not worth watching.
@@MeeMee-gz5vp "I’m not sure what happened to the quality of television programs." Shareholders and ideology which are antithetical to creativity and quality.
@@maxis2k Makes sense. I miss the old TV programs, back when they were more meaningful
One thing I don’t get: how did those ancient roads form? Does this prove the existence of ancient aliens?
These documentaries are so beautifully written and well made.
I appreciate your work very much. Please bless the younger generations with your wisdom
It is hard to remain unmoved when discussing tectonics….
im quaking in my boots...
Lol 😆
Again this was a brilliant production that was both intellectually stimulating and interesting. The question that you brushed on but I would like to have a deeper understanding of the link of life forms and the tectonic plate movements. What developed and when and how did the formation of the supercontinents effect the development of different life forms both on land and at sea. Please keep going with these productions as I really enjoy them.
Yes, I too would love a side-by-side timeline showing what happens when, on both the supercontinent formation and life evolution fronts. Thanks for making this superb video!
The impact is undoubtedly immense
According to the chaos theory, wich is the way our univers work, small diffrent initial condittions, over time, leads to huge differences in the results. So over this huge spans of time, wich the human mind can't even fathom, the changes to weather, climate, distribution of life, ecosistems,etc are inimaginably gigantic and unpredictable.
going to need another couple hours for that
@Jesus is LORD Repent for what though? God IS Absolute Perfection, therefore only Perfection can come from God. That which is NOT PERFECT is therefore not ultimately real, but only a temporary experience of the finite and subjective mind...which does judge... incorrectly.
To KNOW one's TRUE SELF is to KNOW God. Until then we are caught up in the veiled mind's distorting dream of imperfection, limitation, and seperation from The Whole.
Something to consider... or not... THAT ONE, which Jesus is, is actually FAR Greater than ANY
religion teaches, or comprehends.
The finite mind of Man can not fathom THAT Infinite, underlying Reality which God is.. and for a very good reason. God purposefully hides from "His" creation in order to have experiences.
The subjective mind of Man creates its own judgemental and flawed image of God .... which does not come close to THAT ultimate reality... which is Absolute Perfection and free of all judgement.
Bottom line.. whatever the mind of man THINKS God is, will always fall short. Only by Transcending the non-local / non-physical mind can we truly KNOW THAT which is the Source of all minds.. and that is where Grace comes in... Grace being the Revealing power of God / Infinite Consciousness / Pure Awareness.
Grace is the key... and is a free Agent, owned by no religion, individual, or group.
Again, just something to consider... or not.
God IS THAT unchanging and Constant underlying Essence of everything here. That ONE supports all experiential, and ever changing realities of the mind, while Knowing better than to judge any of it.
Seek and KNOW what the limiting mind can not KNOW. Seek Within...and understand that Ultimately.. there is no "out there" out there. All experiences take place ONLY within the mind.
In a very real sense we ARE The Dream of God, and of course Dream and Dreamer are ONE and the same.
There is nothing to repent for. You are Perfect BEing, incapable of actually DOing anything.
This IS the Great Mystery of life... which ONLY Grace can reveal... when the time is right.
Peace
Enjoyed the Magellan connection neatly weaved in after the sponsorship announcement 😀👌
remember, when you are watching this video, which is nothing less of an amazing work of art and a documentrary of sort, you either see stills of people, some related things in between but mostly stick footages.. yet the narration is so good you rarely notice that you are watching mostly a collection of stitched stock footage.
Degree in geography in 1984. Wow. I went in other directions but this sure makes me excited about the advancement of science. I subscribed and need to see some more of these!
Just wanted to let you know your channel is absolutely incredible. Thank you for making something this great for free. ❤
Another very interesting documentary just like NGC in their heyday. Instant click and like. Thanks a lot for showing us this video...
The spread of the lemurs is almost certainly not due to continental drift and land bridges. India, Africa and Madagascar were already widely separated before the evolution of the lemur. Lemurs most likely evolved in Asia, spread to Africa and arrived in Madagascar via rafting. The great diversity of lemurs in Madagascar is due to empty ecological niches they could fill and no competition from Monkeys, advantages their relatives on the continents lacked.
I would think that genetic test would reveal whether that's the case or otherwise.
@@rtucker0458 There's a good discussion of that very topic in a video from PBS Eons - th-cam.com/video/1hTJh8W0khU/w-d-xo.html Genetic testing appears to indicate lemurs arrived on the island some 30 million years after it had become isolated.
@@bradleypotts9865 Well there may be. But I won't support PBS in any capacity.. To include watching or going to one of their video's.
What I was speaking of is. It should be possible to tell which populations are older and how they relate from genetics.
@@rtucker0458 what did PBS do? What are they all about even?
@@ivannpetermagerman2727 PBS leadership decided to use their platform to promote political agendas.. not purely educational.
I've really enjoyed your series so far but this has totally blown my mind. I had a basic understanding of tectonics but never considered the idea of repeatedly converging continents
That'd be right. We used to be able to get to Europe for free. Now we have to pay for a plane ticket at an exorbitant price. Stupid tectonic plates.
Lol, you can always walk.
Good one...
I find it so incredibly stimulating to watch videos like these. They offer both a humbling perspective on life and work as a great source for inspiration for writing fiction.
I am probably one of the first viewers and I would like to take this very short-lived chance to thank the team for this new video, I love your work, and I thank you for it! I learned a lot from your collective effort!
hi! i have a shyte ton of crystals and homeopathic cures...for 1 billion dollars i can cure cancer and ugly
I'm only 11 minutes in and already there are SERIOUS errors, such as made around 11:15 that Venus is entirely covered from pole to pole with lava. This is not true. Not even close. The Russians landed a probe on Venus and sent back photos of the rocky surface.
With this kind of error, how can you believe a single word of what is in here. This is a HUGE error. There is no land on Venus is a categorically false statement. If you didn't know it was from Venus, you would think it came from Mars, a planet many hundreds of degrees cooler.
@@tarstarkusz "... plenty of volcanic features, from shield volcanoes to vast lava fields. But they were all hallmarks of a single, basaltic rock. No sedimentary deltas, no metamorphic mountains, no explosive stratovolcanoes. Only dark, fluid lava over the planet's entire surface...."
Okay, maybe that could have been clearer, but it doesn't mean that the surface of Venus is all _currently molten_ lava. Rather, it means that Venus is covered by low-silica basalt, like that formed at Earth's rift zones.
I.e. plate tectonics isn't working on Venus as it has on Earth, so it doesn't have the differentiation between the oceanic basalt and the continental rocks -- sedimentary, metamorphic, and inland igneous rocks.
Still living
23:27 Nice video overall, but someone put a lot of effort into a sadly incorrect animation of plate tectonics. India is shown resting peacefully as part of Asia, rather than violently colliding with Asia and raising the Himalayas.
Also, there was no "migration of India towards the Asian subcontinent"; Asia is the continent, India the subcontinent.
@@SpoonfedPig I saw that years ago but thought it had disappeared! I take a guilty delight in all the hollow-earth theories.
Some geologists have found a new subduction zone off Portugal. It may represent the very beginnings of the closure of the Atlantic.
Sorry for replying three months late but that's awesome, do you have any links for it?
@@rowbot5555 I will see what I can find but please give me time. I have to get a new computer b ut am trying to get by with my phone.
This is OFF THE HOOK. I can't believe the production quality. A masterpiece!
PANGAEA ULTIMA sounds like a Final Fantasy special move.
Actually it does, LOL.
Ability for a FF14 superboss of the next expansion
I just Pangea on my pants 😢😮
This is the moet interesting channel on yt and I could watch it forever 😍please continue making these docu’s 🙏🏻
It may be good to permanently remember with all these colliding, crushing and moving parts it all happened with the speed of a growing finger nail, as mentioned in the beginning of this video.
I liked the serendipity of the sponsor being Magellan TV, and then immediately after the sponsor promo the first thing you talk about was the Magellan spacecraft.
Penguins helped King Julien cross the sea last I checked...
I think you're "not allowed" to talk about Magellan's mission to Venus without reminding us that it was actually "cobbled together" out of junk and leftovers that were laying around at JPL.... just makes it even more cool in it's achievements.
I had no idea it was literally Kerbal'd together.
The little spaceprobe that could
Sometimes I think that NASA and JPL should come up with a basic bus structure for interplanetary missions that can be tailored by adding mission specific modules instead of custom building each probe.
@@mpetersen6 - it would make the most sense. Would drive mission costs down and increase proficiency as we could continuously update and upgrade the base system based on technological growth instead of reinventing the wheel with every new mission. It would also speed up the period between missions as all the needed functionality and stress testing wouldn't need to be as thorough with a proven tested system. The members of the mission team could become more and more familiar with the base system making the specialists able to operate and fine tune the base system with better results.
Really the only benefit of creating a mission specific custom probe everytime is the ability to use cutting edge tech. Even this could be incorporated into a base probe system if the base system was designed in a way to be able to remove and replace various add ons. Like make the sensors with a system that allows them to be able to added or removed so the newest sensors could be installed as needed. Same with the base system's cpu and whatever cameras they use. Something that works like the pitcatinny rail modular system used on firearms today that make it a universal attachment system for firearm accessories.
Technically we do have a super continent today but part of what connected it is submerged. In the last glacier maximum Eurasia, Africa and the Americas were all connected.
Yep
I'd call afroeurasia a supercontinent
"clash of tectonic sumo" what an amazingly unique metaphor.
This is mesmerizing and fascinating. It was obviously a huge project to assemble and produce. Thank you!
Beautiful work I am so lucky to have this level of contact free of charge. Thankyou for all your hard work
A History of the Universe yesterday and today this, such a treat!,,
3:11 - um, that is not a lemur. That is a loris, which do not live on Madagascar... (Sorry, I'm a picky primatology professor!)
Well being a history and archaeology lover I've just subscribed. along with History with Cy and History Time with Pete Kelly. I'm 71 year old lady and consider myself pretty intelligent but after trying to learn from a less than stellar History Dept that, is all want to do is learn. Yeah I find plate tectonics so interesting. I love British history and classical history and the person I'd most like to meet is Oh Yeah Alexander the Great!!
Wow, this is one of the most educational videos I've seen. I've learned more from this video than I learned in school, and it kept me interested the whole way thru. Knowing the history of our Earth is pretty dam cool.
I like he kept showing us footage of Lemurs whenever mentioning the name of the continent, Lemuria.
5 seconds in, 50 minute video about one of my favourite subjects (pre-history, yay! :D), and a very brief look at your channel, and i'm subbed.
This reeks of quality content. Yes. _Yes please._
EDIT: I've now watched it all, and i have to say, such a beautiful documentary. I have to admit that you really did dig up that excited adventurous kid in me for most of it. Never stop making videos, because you damn well know i'll never stop watching them. ;)
You put conventional history channels and large media documentaries to shame!
Just a tip from an old historian ...
"Prehistory" includes all of geological time straight back to the Hadean, technically speaking. When historians use the term, we usually are talking about the paleolithic, mesolithic and neolithic eras (or even more recent times in cultures without any writing system.). But that's only because historians don't deal with early hominids or the deep geological past. I Regardless, it is all prehistoric.
I see you are referring to the part of the video about early hominids and early debates around evolutionary theory. But this entire video is actually about prehistory.
Anyways ... I totally agree. It's a great topic. I come to this channel for three geology but I really enjoy that they include history of science references. It makes for good "audio book" material while driving for me!
Knowing is Belonging. After watching all these videos I have come to know the very Earth that I had sprung from n a deep feeling of belonging to Earth has also sprung within me n strangely it feels peaceful.
Brilliant! Compared to the epochal timescale of the continental dance, we are as ephemeral as the mayfly.
This is such an intetesting documentary, the timeline is so incomrensible it just bogles the mind.
Absolutely brilliant documentary. The writing, editing and composition are truly top notch and the narration is very well done too. Thank you!
Fascinating stuff . Water saturated planet Earth is such a jewel as it moves through space.
It's high time humanity as a whole should recognise how lucky it was to be part of this very rare blue oasis.👍🏻🌏
I always find it so funny that the first people to start thinking about plate tectonics did so only after the Americas were found and mapped. Looking at that map, they noticed South America and Africa fitting like a puzzle and took it from there. It’s the exact same process as kids take. They look at a globe and are like, Why does it look like this piece fits into that piece. It literally took the map looking like a puzzle to figure it out 😃
Goodmorning from Colorado!!
I ❤ Colorado!
Goodmorning from Datil NM territory
Love this video! Thanks for making it!
"Earth was dealt a lucky hand." This is the understatement of the world! ✌️🌏☮️
I cannot recommend this channel highly enough. The narration, subjects and pacing are almost perfect.
Earth: "You think this is my final form??"
Man-Kind: "What? you have another form?"
Earth *Evil grin* "Behold, Its Pangaea Ultima"
Mankind- well we kinda poisoned our water while worshiping a bunch of Armageddon driven used car salesmen so we went extinct as quick as we popped up. Sux to have been us.
The series keep getting better and better, and this has been one of the most interesting so far.
When I was 18, It need to decide which undergraduation I was going to choose. I am from a Mining city.
But I thought: oh! rocks are boring!
Now when I see these documentaries I see they can reveal from our world. 🤯
Best narrator in the modern docu game.
That description of the different climates of the supercontinents and how they differ from regular continents was something I never knew before, was really cool
I love the quality and effort y'all put into these videos.
Great video! Thank you. The writing is very good. The story built up in a very logical and clearly understandable manner and actually helped me understand a number of things I had not understood before about plate tectonics. Great job!
The song starting at appr. 29:30 is called In The Backwoods by Josef Falkensköld.
This is absolutely amazing... I do wish it could have included a show animation showing the movements though.
If I ever had a complaint about your videos it's that they're too short, I just wanna keep on watching! So I'm really happy this one was more than 15-20 minutes! Looking forward to many many more hours of your content, even tho I already know quite a bit about some of the topics you covered so far I always enjoy it and always also learn something new!
The ultimate failure of science is its inability to explain the origin of the universe. "The Big Bang event is a physical theory that describes how the universe expanded from an initial state of high density and temperature" -Wikipedia -> Big Bang describes the "expansion" not the "origin" of the universe.
"Extrapolating this cosmic expansion backwards in time using the known laws of physics, the models describe an increasingly concentrated cosmos preceded by a singularity in which space and time lose meaning ("the Big Bang singularity").
"A gravitational singularity, spacetime singularity or simply singularity is a condition in which gravity is so intense that spacetime itself breaks down catastrophically." -> Singularity is due to intense gravity, and gravity according to General Relativity is curvature of spacetime due to matter, curvature or Einstein tensor = (8πG/c^4)T, where T=matter content, if T=0, gravity=0, hence no singularity. So where did the original matter and spacetime come from? Atheists are clueless about this, but this is answered by Genesis 1:1 KJ21 In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth.
I can imagine Venus' final days as a planet that could possibly harbour life. The loss of the last bits of water being taken away, leading to a hell hole that the planet could never recover from.
Very nicely done. Wonderfully presented. Good clear concise narration and soothing music..
🌍🌎🌏🌌🌧️🌨️⚡🌥️⛅✨🌤️☀️...thnx!
Thank you. I enjoyed that very much. I like seeing how the drift of the continents went. I find it fascinating.
I love finding these youtube’s hidden gems. Nice documentary. Thanks.
A new channel to add to my list of favourites, thanks for the great content!
I'm still in awe of the Rocky Mountains much less the Andes or Himalayas. I remember how Nat. Geographical did this article on the Rockies up in Canada and specifically how sedimentary rock at one point in Earth's history had been an ocean laying horizontal. Now it's tilted to almost 90 degrees. Yeah pretty amazing.
This is the most fantastic video I have ever watched for it solidly answers so many of my own questions and imaginings that I had way back in elementary school about 60 years ago. Finally all those questions have been answered in a crystal clear manner.
I wish we could track humanity so easily. I imagine that the closed doors of the Vatican, and all of the ancient libraries that were destroyed nearly globally, might just have solved a good deal of the questions that remain.
I highly suspect that a lot of cultural roots were made during the last Pangia. The stone carvings of the Toltec absolutely have amazed me for decades and have inspired me to think that perhaps idea of latitude connections between South America and Africa may very well show why there were similar cultural expressions.
Ancient human experiences during the times of these great changes are more than likely at the root of astral observations in the Pyramid building eras spread across the planet, all of which continue to hold very ancient mysteries.
Thank you so much for creating and posting your video. Keep up the great work.
Modern humans first appeared 200,000 years ago, mammals only really developed after the dinosaurs were removed as a threat 65,000,000 years ago. Pangaea disappeared long before then. Just because pyramids are built on both sides of the Atlantic does not mean they were built when the continents were connected, I suggest you revise your time frame. The pyramids on each continent are built in completely different styles which bear no resemblance to each other, and the only reason pyramids were built is because they have a strong base, and ancient cultures couldn't build better shapes as their material wasn't strong enough.
HOTE and HOTU rock. Who needs Netflix when you have this kind of quality programming?
Why would I even want to watch a bunch of 20-somethings airing all their social dysfunctionalities on Netflix when I can watch this kind of quality educational programming?
How many documentaries did yall watch when you were younger? Cause I watched a lot and I gotta say very much getting the same vibe from this as I got from those. The cadence and sound of the voice, to the images and music. Very nice
New history of the earth right after new history of the universe??? Christmas has come early
This tipe of documentary makes you wonder how many more factors may be introduced into Drake equation to truly obtain an approximation. Maybe planets exactly like ours able to generate complex life forms are extremely rare in the great cosmos making them truly jewels of the universe.
If the Moon creation hypothesis is correct, then the first supercontinent was likely the spot left behind when the Moon left Earth... Leaving a fragile crust & an off balanced planet
@Think Dragon no idea, was literally off the top of my head
not necessarily. It wasn't really like the Moon that exists now was just attached to the Earth at the time and simply broke off, It's more like a lot of crust broke off all at once, ended up orbiting the Earth, and coalesced to form the Moon over time. Plus, all those bits of Earth that became the Moon would've left holes behind (probably with fragile crust, like you mentioned), not new supercontinents. Don't get me wrong, I don't doubt it affected plate tectonics, it just wouldn't really make sense for there to be a new supercontinent in a spot that just lost a lot of crust, because to have a continent you need thicker crust.
When Theia merged with Earth, it would have liquified the entire surface of the planet... any sufficiently large impact would liquify the surface of the planet. A new crust would then form from the ocean of lava. Theia's core would have sunk through the mantle and merged with Earth's core, in fact they've found abnormalities in the core and mantle that indicate this. The Moon was made from the lighter outer layers of both Theia and Earth that "splashed off" in the glancing impact, that material going into orbit and then rapidly accreting into the Moon... which explains why the Moon's density is lower than Earth's...
I have some zircon stones and love them. Neat to learn about thier formation!
The dude who came up with the idea of plate tectonics wasn't dutch but Belgian though. YOUR CHANNELS HAVE THE BEST Documentaries on the Planet, I absolutely love them! And it's so beautifully written by Leila!
This makes David Attenborough happy. Spot on work.
Your narration is truly captivating
Hard to listen to.. Is it computer generated?
I love the narration, but perhaps with the hot-shot animated graphics possible today, the slow movement of the continents, both established and speculative, could be imaginatively synchronized with the text?
Are you on the tv somewhere because your shows are brilliant. I can't wait to show my grandson.
As always a great video. Proper information, presentation, and a few fun facts. You guys are solid af!
1 month subscriber, very good content,am in love with this channel.
An extraordinary effort and a fascinating outcome. This is truly amazing. Thanks heaps, and do keep them coming!
Back in the Mesozoic era I was hooked on a series called "Making of a Continent", it was focussed on North America, however, this documentary gives some background to that series as things moved about a lot without very much context. Many thanks for great share.
It's so frustrating that TH-cam removed the option for people to add subtiltles to videos...
47:00. But WHY will the mid Atlantic ridge turn into a subduction zone? Why would the currents in the mantle reverse?
I believe that they expect the Caribbean subduction zone (Puerto Rico Trench) to expand. I disagree with this model, and prefer the Orthoversion model, with the creation of what is termed "Amasia" forming over the north pole.
I’m thinking this may have to do with the poles flipping
Time becomes utterly meaningless with these timescales.
Its interesting to see how the Earth looked like before the Pangea supercontinent.
@D Chapo You are correct about scientists making theories that turns into facts. Despite all of this controversy, there is some truth into it. Not everything is correct but some of it is. However, it is correct that Earth has subcontinents in the past and will surely have more supercontinents in the far future.