ฝัง
- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 2 พ.ย. 2022
- Explore how scientists are developing a flu vaccine that would protect you against every strain- even ones that don’t exist yet.
--
There’s a vaccine being developed now that would protect you against every strain of the flu- even ones that don’t exist yet. But influenza is constantly mutating, so is a universal vaccine even possible? And how do you design a vaccine that will be effective against future strains? Explore how scientists are developing new ways to help our immune systems fight viruses.
Directed by Igor Coric, Artrake Studio.
This video made possible in collaboration with Gates Ventures
Learn more about how TED-Ed partnerships work: bit.ly/TEDEdPartners
Support Our Non-Profit Mission
----------------------------------------------
Support us on Patreon: bit.ly/TEDEdPatreon
Check out our merch: bit.ly/TEDEDShop
----------------------------------------------
Connect With Us
----------------------------------------------
Sign up for our newsletter: bit.ly/TEDEdNewsletter
Follow us on Facebook: bit.ly/TEDEdFacebook
Find us on Twitter: bit.ly/TEDEdTwitter
Peep us on Instagram: bit.ly/TEDEdInstagram
----------------------------------------------
Keep Learning
----------------------------------------------
View full lesson: ed.ted.com/lessons/could-one-...
Dig deeper with additional resources: ed.ted.com/lessons/could-one-...
Animator's website: www.artrake.com
----------------------------------------------
Thank you so much to our patrons for your support! Without you this video would not be possible! Roberto Chena, Oliver Koo, Luke Pisano, Andrea Gordon, Aleksandar Donev, Nicole Klau Ibarra, Jesse Lira, Ezekiel Raui, Petr Vacek, Dennis, Olivia Fu, Kari Teffeau, Cindy Lai, Rajath Durgada Manjunath, Dan Nguyen, Chin Beng Tan, Tom Boman, Karen Warner, Iryna Panasiuk, Aaron Torres, Eric Braun, Sonja Worzewski, Michael Clement, Adam Berry, Ghaith Tarawneh, Nathan Milford, Tomas Beckett, Alice Ice, Eric Berman, Kurt Paolo Sevillano, Jennifer Heald, Megulo Abebe, isolwi, Kate Sem, Ujjwal Dasu, Angel Alberici, Minh Quan Dinh, Sylvain, Terran Gimpel, Talia Sari, Katie McDowell, Allen, Mahina Knuckles, Charmaine Hanson, Thawsitt, Jezabel, Abdullah Abdulaziz, Xiao Yu, Melissa Suarez and Brian A. Dunn.
![[TH] 2024 PMSL SEA GF D2 | Summer | ร่วมส่งแรงใจ เชียร์ไทยไปพร้อมกัน](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/dN2gLsCJ0T0/mqdefault.jpg)
As a biochemist I have to say that I loved the comparison to Napoleon and the whole explanation example. I am gonna remember this if I ever again have to explain immune response to someone who is not so into sciences.
it's a pretty silly analogy, this is better th-cam.com/video/lXfEK8G8CUI/w-d-xo.html
@@angel_withaflamethrower kurzgesagt is hands down the best channel in introducing science topics! Also love TEDed thou because of the versatility and different types of beautiful animations.
If ur a biochemist explain the process of ERCC cloning through topoisomerase invitro transcription. Or at least the common protocol for modified nucleotide insertion using invitro transcription
As a vaccine-sceptical person I can find a serious flaw immediately. The body's immune response is so much more than antibodies. Innate immunity is ignored entirely. I honestly can't be bothered with the rest of it
@@bioalkemistikurhezacgt is for edgy 14 yr olds
Using Napoleon's face to explain antigens was brilliant
So, only one kind of universal antivaxers?
I don’t get vaccines, you can call me whatever you want.. but I’ll let you take my vaccines so you can have double. Enjoy 😊
The dream 😂🤣
Thank god, less people to exterminate
I wish...
It's why we can't treat every kind of cancer, because each one is different. That each person is effected differently even when the same type of cancer is present.
affected*
Affect is a verb, effect is a noun (or adjective depending on use, but not a verb)
@@Richard_Nickerson thank you Grammerly, very cool
@@ZOCCOK
1. Grammarly*
2. It has multiple likes, so others *do* appreciate it.
3. My correction is not insulting, therefore it should not cause offense.
4. It wasn't even directed at you...
So, you're taking offense *on behalf of someone else* when there's nothing remotely insulting even present. Cool story, big guy.
@@Richard_Nickerson thank you grammarly, very cool
@@Richard_Nickerson
How dare you correct someone on the internet?
I have honestly never seen such a good impression of Napoleon Bonaparte in my entire life, and I don't think I ever will again. So amazing
Just waiting for all the unbiased, reasonable discussion that is bound to happen in the comments on this topic
They're already in there.
"Natural vaccine that is the immune system made by GOD"
"Never gotten my kids injected with poison"
@@thatrllydumguy if you’re already “waiting for the anti vax” you aren’t ready for an unbiased reasonable discussion.
@Thatrllydumguy lol 😆 how many shots have you taken so far? I've only gotten my vaccinations for necessary diseases that could wipe out humanity as a kid, not an overnight delivery vaccine with no clinical studies
@@thatrllydumguy Did you get your 5th booster yet? The 6th booster is coming in 2023. Make sure you get that one. And the 7th booster in december 2023 as well.
Big pharma getting paid billions by our governments is absolutely unbiased, thats why i trust the science even if it's says oops.
The TED-Ed intro music is always a big comfort knowing you're about to be given new knowledge by incredible animations:)
haha lol yeah
It’s actually the sound of propaganda meant to shape a false perception of reality
As a biology student and someone who wants to become a scientist(oncologist) such videos multiply my interest and curiosity a solid 50 times!!!❤️
Thank you TedEd
which means "salesman"
how exactly did you quantify that 50 times
"think of hemagglutinin as a bust of 19th century french emperor napoleon bonaparte" is one of my favorite strings of words of all time. thank you ted ed
what about "my name is jeff"
This is hilarious and informative, explains complex concepts in simple ways to people without professional backgrounds. Hats off to the wonderful scriptwriters and animators!
I wonder who came up with the idea of comparing the shape of hemagglutinin to Napoleon's bust, ahahaha!
It was really enjoyable 🤣
umm i think it's better to be clear when they claim "protect against everything" because a bunch of diseases are caused by the body hosting a civil war or two
This video finally made me understand why flu's passed on from animals are such a big deal.
I already knew that they're dangerous and highly infectious, but I never understood WHY that's how it is.
And now I know. From a video that's not even 6 minutes. I love this.
This was more optimistic than I expected
That's fascinating to see that we can retrain the body to recognize things it's never used before! It'll be really interesting to see what they can come up with in the coming years!
I have noticed a confusing detail in the apparent size of ferritin. At 0:10 you say it is 10^-10 meters (Wiki (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferritin) says the same and I can't make heads or tales of the source), or 100 picometers (pm= 10^-12 meter). There are atoms bigger than that ("Diameter range 62 pm (He) to 520 pm (Cs)" en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atom).
How could a complex protein, to say nothing of an organic molecule, possibly be so small?
Looks like one of the protein helixes was found to be ~10^-10 meters, but even that feels like it's wrong. Carbon is ~10^-10m and so is Iron. I'm not sure if atom radius shrink when in bonds, but it can't made that big of difference. The whole protein complex is loaded with thousands of Fe-Atoms, no way its the same size as one of them.
@@Ninjaeule97 10^(-10)m.
Also, yes. It seems atoms take up less space when bonded which makes sense since they have to be closer together than when unbonded. Although not a ton. I presume a misquote or too aggressive rounding is to blame.
It appears that they made a mistake. Wikipedia says that the external diameter of Ferritin is 12 nm, or 1.2*10^-8 m. Cesium has diameter 0.267 nm or 2.67*10^-10 m.
Yeah this must be wrong. H-H Bond hast the length of 10^-10 m a distance which is called one Ångstrom. Even Small organic molecule (typical drugs like Aspirin) thus have sizes of ~1 nm (10^-9 nm).
Honestly, I’m in 4th grade and I’m not supposed to learn this stuff until like 10th grade, but I guess at least I know what antibodies mean!
I did not chose medical science so i cannot directly contribute, But one day ill become rich enough to support the people who make my and other peoples lives better
Achievement Unlocked: How Did We Get Here?
We didn’t, this is propaganda meant to shape your perception of reality, but a false one
Your videos are very informative and easy to understand ❤️
When you hear that original ted-ed intro music you know you're about to learn a fact plus new knowledge
The presentation is well-done, I dare say.
Just using Napoleon as an example was funny enough, when he said *_c r o i s s a n t_* I laughed so hard that I almost couldn't breathe
Ten billionths of a meter is 10**-8, not 10**-10, which would be about the size of a single atom.
Hey ted ed, i am very fond your videos and some explanations do really fascinate me, although I find your way of explaining mysterious things a bit of challenging as you use chemical reactions amd stuff that I am not very good at, as a suggestion I would ask for a more up to the point meaning for explanations and actual working of all your videos. Thank you
Can anyone please share the link to ferritin based hemagluttinin vaccine study?
Animation here is a masterpiece 🎉
This is how most zombie movie start
very informative great video. should be shown in all schools
The "croissant" catched me off guard
Or we could genetically modify ourselves to be so different that no viruses could infect us.
I love you, Ted-Ed
Thank you!
Yes! Please do. I've been hospitalized several times with Pneumonia. I hate the flu.
Dude, what happened to you which made you get pneumonia so often?
@@RandomPerson-hd6wr Boot Camp.
@@kenbobca oh, did they make you train in rain or what?
@@RandomPerson-hd6wr Yes and I was a teenager. I was not use to getting up at 4:30 am to march to Breakfast in the rain and fog.
@@kenbobca jeez
Super pedagogical!
How much storage do your memory cells have? Maybe we can expand it via same form of memory card-like implant?
@Šime I'm not sure what you mean by storage, but your memory cells do not "remember" more than ONE type of antigen. Every B-, and T-cell (later memory cells) is specific to an antigen, but u have loads of cells, so the immune system, as a whole, can "remember" loads of antigens. For example, if u have a memory cell specific to, let's say, the spike protein of SARS-Cov-2, it's not going to interact with the hemagglutin of the H1N1 virus. Our stroge capacity lies in the number of our immune cells, and we have plenty :)
As much as it would be great to have a vaccine to protect against everything, I can't shake the feeling that big corporations like big pharma would hold something like this out of reach or behind a high pay wall. The quote "A patient cured is a customer lost." comes to mind.
The industrial revolution and it's consequences
Alright let's just stop making medical research at all so that big companies cant scam us.
They can also only scam us when they invented it and copyrighted it.
So why did we manage to eradicate polio and smallpox?
@@Inkyminkyzizwoz From people who still had morals not influenced by profit cared about the people. And those are diseases that could affect and kill anyone.
With something as common to the flu, as deadly as it can be to some, there's too much profit to lose out on currently. The amount that is spent on flu related products and appointments is a lot to lose on, from a business view.
They could also still have this curing vaccine, but mostly to those that can pay an above average price.
@@vogeline_ Nah medical research wouldn't just stop, we're more reliant on it than before, aswell as just being curious and striving to know more.
This is just a theroy of what *could* happen. I would like to believe this would be shared as a basic right and even progress medical research even further...
If the title is a question, the answer is almost certainly “no”. Betteridge’s law of headlines.
Irrelevant but this animation style put a smile on my face 😂😂
In the future, could you do a video about (hypothetical) time-travel?
Actually, time travel has already been invented. A Russian cosmonaut named Sergei Krikalev was able to travel 0.2 seconds into the future.
@@catdogmousecheese I heard somewhere that some Moscow science lab sent like, a particle back in time. Time travel going back makes slightly more sense to me, but how are we supposed to go into a future that hasn't happened yet? Or into the past, which has already happened? Its all so confusing.
@@oliviadavis3638 Time travel into the future seems more likely to me. With the theory of relativity, you could potentially travel far into space and come back having aged far less than your peers. It’s more of a cryogenic freezing situation than literal time travel, though; it’s not like you can travel back to your own time.
Why?
@@oliviadavis3638
Traveling back in time makes more sense than traveling forward in time?
Even though forward time travel is the only kind that is hypothetically possible?
Ok...
My favorite video 👍👍thanks for sharing my friend 🙏😇🙏
🤣🤣
I only came here for the *COMMENT SECTION...*
But this turned into an AMAZING presentation ❤❤
Wait until chopper make it okey, i don't know when, just be patient
no
Can you do a video on immune privilege?
lol wut
I'm sorry for changing topics here but did I just get a 2 minute unskippable ad on a 5 minute video?
The Napolean faced antibodies are so creepy 😭
Short answer: no
Long answer: nope
I wonder what the side effects of such a vaccine would be?
Probably not much worse than a cold, I'd assume.
Likely a bad cold or a sore arm
@@chickenspaceprogram Nothing like the Covid vaccine then? Because I ended up with peripheral nerve damage in my hands and feet that's taken nearly a year so far to clear up and I'm not the only one that's had this. Apparently it's had the same effect on thousands of people.
@@mikeymoo1291 never heard of it, maybe you just had a really bad nurse to do it and damaged your nerve, did the inyection hurt a lot?
Remind me, how did that Vid jab work out? No adverse effects and deaths? Not allowed to talk about those adverse effects of course...
A shot against everything, even you?
this sounds like some 1880 snakeoil c0caine cough syrup ad 🤣🤣
You’re absolutely right. This channel is pure propaganda
@@seanypooo Found the anti vaxers
*Happiness and sorrow vanish when one falls asleep*
... no
In the TED-ED talk “Could One Vaccine Protect Against Everything?” The idea of developing a universal vaccine that could protect against a wide range of diseases is explored. The mechanism by which traditional vaccines work is broken down into bey simple and easy to understand words and graphics. It is explained that traditional vaccines work by exposing the immune system to a weakened or dead version of a specific virus or bacteria allowing the self-immune system to recognize this pathogen and fight it off while creating a self-defense and memory against future infections. The video then brings up the important discussion point that developing vaccines for every single infectious disease can be lengthy and costly. The idea is then posed that instead of creating individual vaccines, we could instead develop a single vaccine that targets a fundamental aspect of the immune system, allowing it to better recognize and fight off a wider range of pathogens. It is noted in the video that a variety of approaches encompassing this idea are currently being worked on by researchers. This video addresses and poses a resolution for the ethical principle of beneficence. The development of a universal vaccine has the potential to significantly benefit individuals and communities by protecting them against a wide range of diseases with one single shot. However, the principle of beneficence must be balanced with other ethical principles kept in mind. One potential ethical concern that came to mind from watching this video is the issue of equal distribution. Isn’t it likely that is a universal vaccine were to become available that it would be expensive and access would be limited? Could this idea potentially exacerbate existing health inequalities and result in some in some individuals and populations not having access to such protection as discussed in an article by Habib et al.? Furthermore, I also feel it is possible that with the invention of a universal vaccine, that other medical interventions such as hand washing, practicing good hygiene, and avoiding contact with sick individuals may become overlooked or have less emphasis on teaching them. This could lead to a possible decrease in funding and resources for other important public health measures, and ultimately have negative consequences in the long run. I would love to hear others thoughts on how we can balance the principle of beneficence with other ethical principles such as non-maleficence when it comes to the development of a universal vaccine. How can we ensure that the benefits from a universal vaccine are distributed fairly and do not lead to unintended harm? Please feel free to share and insight you may have on this topic.
yes! and that vaccine is... LOVE!
ok I'll see myself out now
It's the power of friendship.
I Never really understood what was an antibody before. Thanks, Ted Ed
If its a bullet and dispensed by a gun then it sure can!
an unbelievable question...some kinds of bacteria have differences types like streptococcus pneumoniae,a vaccine can only protects some of them but not all.
Hola
I am thinking the practical application is going to be a little lackluster compared to the imagination this video may have imparted in people's minds. For one, I doubt the human body can produce and retain such large variations of antibodies in effective volume. So, it may not even make sense to train against very large variations, much less every possible variations at once.
It will probably be more of a "This is a template vaccine we have that is approved. This are the projected variations we will produce for in the next xx months." You're still going to need that jab annually or so, but there should less concern about untested long term effects, since these are already preemptively tested since years ago.
Ted animators I love you
Isn't this the plot of Futureman?
VAERS.
I think TED-Ed had a beef with Napolean.
Hi ted
It can never happen disease Is a regulator in human population if this would happen their would be a population boom, all diseases (except the ones that can cause extiction or under population) are good
Can you guys make a video of Milo of Croton? Please!!!!!!!
1:35
One vaccine to rule them all
am I the only one who watches this and starts to think that I'm infected by something?
这个频道中文字幕好舒服
能学到点知识就行
I will never look at Napoleon the same again!
The only thing i know it in this video is Napoleon thank you so much
Lets go its early
Well, not something that WE get to look forward to. Most of us will already be dead at that rate.
Look
If you had
one shot
one opportunity
to seize everything you ever wanted
in one moment
would you capture it? 💩🤣
I wonder what the viruses would come up with if this ever becomes a reality ( ಠ‿ಠ)
Hopefully they dont recognize such thing, its a virus after all
Mutate ever faster.
Terrain theory.
I’m sure there would be zero side effects at all
This comment was brought to you by Pfizer
What ? Are you serious?
I am desperately eager to take it.
Totally safe and effective I’m sure
Less than 1% adverse reactions
@@supernatural_forces I've upvoted you. Take mine, too. I fully support you 🥰
AI is going to play a role in creating a universal vaccine.
Yes.
I like the narrator
doctors could not save me from cancer
have you had cancer? if yes who saved you? if you haven't been saved do you still have cancer right now, how are you dealing with that? or did you not get saved and die?
captain America super soldier serum
I think the future of healthcare is definitely nanomachines son
Ok.
Pure awesomeness!!!!
Couldn't it be done by genetic engineering for future generations? So that the generic programing wouldn't allow for anything in the body but those with the correct "sequence" or other identifier? Maybe even something artificially implanted self replicating that nature can't duplicate?
No. You cut your hand and a scab forms and the cut heals to be replaced by new skin........ = how??? Answer: "cellular mitosis" which drives our bodies. So it is not enough to simply "correct" any genomic errors - which necessitates fully understanding what went wrong and what we should see. The way our body sustains itself meaning copies of copies of copies of cells forming throughout our life via cellular mitosis lends to those replicative errors arising.
Moral of the story: throughout your life abnormal cells will form inside of you. Normally your immune system recognizes them and destroys them to be replaced with new ones. When that system breaks down = cancers arise.
So as far as things like cancers the failure is as much in the body not being able to fix itself as the abnormal nature of the cells which form inside of you. So correcting genome errors is only one piece of a larger puzzle as we see. Our cells I'm afraid were simply not made to last. As such over time these "errors" develop - either as a result of something in our genes or damage sustained to them from our environment - and our body can only do so much to repair the damage. This is not Star Trek where we can use technology to repair ourselves - yet. 🤔
All praise magical vaccines
can you bring the argument to fear of abandonment?
The Maxcine!
I'll have to disagree with the last few words. We do know it's safe for the immune system to react to hundreds of antigens at once. Our immune system actually does this on a daily basis via mucous tissue or the enteric immune system. There is no relevant difference to a flu shot containing more antigens than usual.
To emphasize my point: it's well known in medicine that you can administer multiple shots at once and combinations are common. We have administered them this way for decades (if not centuries) without known problems.
Of course, clinical studies have to prove beneficence of any new vaccine. There is no conceptual problem though.
Rip mice 🐭
Even if it was created, it would not be released.
the last shot i need is a 12 gauge
hi
Your animators are fantastic, but the animations in this video are cursed
So napoleon is the root cause.....
Britain : It's our time to take on
😁😁
Even vaccines have face unlock
So long as it doesn't cause auto immune issues, like the current one. The threat of misidentifying parts of your own body as enemies is why the immune system is so complicated, it makes a lot of things a double-edged sword.
@@brandon3872 It does. The virus gives you it, and immunization to the virus gives you it, known as "Long-Hauler." You often get this for a couple of months with general flus... but in this case it lasts for years, and is often fatal or debilitating.
@@vanivanov9571 defines causes? In rare circumstances perhaps but as long as it's less frequent than from the flu itself it's still worth it. Not wearing a seat belt because it might kill you in some fringe circumstances is poor risk management.
@@solsystem1342 Without math skills, yeah. But with them... you're talking about something like a 0.01% chance of fatality from the virus, IIRC, compared to a very high chance of being disabled or dhead. The very best case you can make for it is a 1% fatality from the disease, compared to encephalitis, pulmonary edema and bleeding myocarditis being common symptoms, as well as blood clots, and random stuff like hair and teeth falling out.
Random sports players still keep dropping lifeless during games, due to this effect.... A lot of people have been in a horrible condition for years due to the autoimmune disorder you make light of compared to an extra-bad flu.
And to be clear, an all-preventing vaccine is very likely to trigger the same problem. And it's very likely the immune system will try to shut down those memory cells ASAP, for the same reason people keep losing immunity from the current series of 20 vaccines they're getting for the same disease: the body is trying to protect itself from its own immune system.
And to be clear, an all-preventing poke is very likely to trigger the same problem. And it's very likely the immune system will try to shut down those memory cells ASAP, for the same reason people keep losing immunity from the current series of 20 pokes they're getting for the same disease: the body is trying to protect itself from its own immune system.
I'd be dead before the new medical breakthrough
“Lisa, I’d like to buy your rock.”
-Homer J
Ask mister Burns for help
6