Rise of LHB in Indian Railways | LHB Coach | Indian Railways | Linke Hofmann Busch
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 14 ต.ค. 2024
- In the years 1955 - 2000, Indian Railways used the Schlieren design cars of Swiss Car and Elevator Manufacturing Company that were built at the Integral coach factory (ICF), Chennai. While State of the Art in 1950s decade, these cars become obsolete by the 1990s.
In 1995 Indian Railways signed a supply and transfer of Technology agreement with LHB-Alstom of Germany. As a part of this contract LHB-Alstom supplied 24 passenger rail cars (19 AC Chair Car; 2 AC Executive Car; 3 Generator Car). After this initial supply, the LHB cars have been manufactured at Rail Coach Factory, Kapurthala and more recently also at the ICF.
The LHB cars fitted with FIAT-SIG bogies are fit for a speed of 160 Kmph. Newer designs of the Fiat Bogie used in the Tejas and Train-18 are fit for 200 Kmph.
In 2018, Indian Railways has stopped manufacture of the ICF coaches. Indian Railway passenger rail-stock will soon be exclusively comprised of the LHB cars
Passenger safety and comfort just cannot be compromised at any cost. The more safer and comfortable, the better. LHB is way better than ICF. Thank you for clearly and logically explaining this to me. I love trains.
LHB is an improvement over the ICF... the LHB will also age in time... change is the order 😊
@@TheTrainStory and that's why central government is connecting busy parts of india with train 18 make a video about this too many busy routes of india will be connected with train 18 :).
@@TheTrainStory however, i would like to bring over the fact that older blue livery needs to comeback, what do you think sir?
@@krishnendu_roy livery is a subjective matter. Some like a particular livery others like another livery. I am neutral on this. Personally I like livery of trains like the Brindavan and Vaigai of the 80s…
Never been to india but these cars look nice both on the inside and outside.
They are still substandard compares to coaches in Indonesia, Brazil and Russia
Nice to hear this I’m from india
@@J__C_
In India the coaches need to be tough, so that takes priority over looks
Yes but there is utkrisht which is an upgrade of ICF cars still in use
@@J__C_we are poor nation govt is for poor rich can travel in air and premium trains
Damn that's a crisp voice and a real good content.
Good information always crystal clear. Keep on going.
Thank you 😊
@@TheTrainStory pretty good work. My only gripe is that you pause a bit too much, such as before numbers
@@LuckyFlanker13 Odd but
That stuff help people like my friend who can't even read at 300 words per second
:|
I believe if ya watch Subtitles and are capable of Reading all the news in an Indian subcontinent News Channel
Then its a inconvenience
My English bad
And i can't do the Super natural things like Reading all the Text there is on a News channel here
as a rail enthusiast, i will miss ICF, they had less jerks n more sturdy especially for long journeys.
I thought LHB coaches are more comfortable than ICF coaches. If you enjoy shaking and vibration i can understand why you like ICF.
On the Eurorail the ride is so smooth, you don't even feel you are moving sonetimes.
@@rogers906 ICF win in the less shakiness aspect especially when sudden braking or acceleration is witnessed.
The lhb may win in speed and noise but when it comes to comfort it's the shakiness (less) aspect
@@satya4uall so let me get this straight are you saying the older ICF coaches with less springs and dampers shake less than the newer LHB coaches. That is going backwards
@@rogers906 May be due to heavy weight the ICF have less shakiness
@@rogers906 he is talking about Buffers.
CBC hits hard when accelerated or when breaks are applied.
Air suspension on LHB is good but the aforementioned issue remains.
Two big downsides of LHB:
Jerks everytime! Due to CBC coupling.
Compact and suffocating lavatories.
Yup. Toilet is very small. And the jerking is unbearable.
I also done my train journeys in both coaches ICF and LHB . But in LHB Coaches has more comfortable. 😍😍😍😍😍😍😍😍😍
They are also safer
Yes LHB coaches r more stylish and high class coaches❤️❤️.. I love LHB coaches tooo much... but one thing must say that ICF coaches will be remain unforgettable memories coz since childhood I saw ICF and also since metre gauge generations so they r emotions...but now a days railways is developing too faster❤️❤️❤️❤️
@@princexhubhamchakraborty7762
I just can't stand that same old icf dungeons
Slowly Slowly ICF Coaches Are Converting To LHB Coaches. ICF Jan Shatabdi Coaches Has Converted To LHB Coaches. 🇮🇳🚉
The comfort and experience of lCF coaches of Rajdhani express of 80s and 90s, identified by red and yellow colors was par excellence. The current generation of coaches can't match that experience. Because of light weight and other design changes, when train with modern LHB coaches accelerates or applies brakes, the experience is similar to a bus ride. In terms of speed and noise generation, sure LHB coaches beat the ICF coaches.
CBC on LHB is the culprit.
ICF had 2 side buffers which made the sudden jerk when braking super comfortable.
All coaches need to be air conditioned and LHB fied so that train travel is a super pleasure , well covered
Recent announcements from the Railways suggest all trains running above 130 Kmph will have only AC cars
Everyone can't afford ac and ac coaches don't give the feel of nature
@@sushamakokare6859 chatt pe seat lagwadein?
@@yashsvidixit7169 I don't want 25 Kilo Volt shock nor I want to bang my head on FoBs or tunnels 😂
@@sushamakokare6859 but also most of the trains provide less amount of Air Conditioning, for which I tell honestly is comforting as a sinus person. If they increase the speed and decrease temp, I will suffer badly. AC coaches in railways kinda will be an All-weather AC type..
Simply awesome work, great articulation and best synchronisation. What a pleasure to watch. Keep doing the great work.
Thank you for the appreciation
Hmm, I thought the narration veered too far towards being clear, losing any semblance of personality and sounding unnatural.
Of course I'd prefer bland delivery to mumbling, but it sounds monotonous.
The content was great, though.
Nice video, I like all his videos, very crisp! There should be an update to this though, with mention of the *non-AC* LHB coaches introduced starting in 2021
Nice video ..with LHB the aesthetics and more important speeds ,quality of rides has improved.
Yes
Thanks for important information .
I really loved your animated videos explaining locomotives and railways (indian) very much. I hope you come back and make a few new ones on WAG12 and RRTS like those. because they are a little different in almost every area, compared to electric locos and trainsets in India.
Thanks for your kind words and suggestions…
Your videos are amazing, please upload a minimum of 2 videos per week...
Thank you... time is a big constraint for me
Today i travelled in double decker mas to bglr. Nice info my friend :-)
Thank you 😊
Very informative n nicely explained
Thank you
Indian Railway Is replacing all ICF coaches with LHB and this is really great. It will boost passenger carrying capacity, speed, revenue, safety... But earlier there was a different identities of all trains. Like normal trains were blue in colour Rajdhanis were red gareeb rath green duronto had a different pattern I liked all those... Can't railway just paint like that ? I mean all coaches will be LHB ofcourse but just paint them accordingly... That would be awsome...
IR does use special liveries even with LHB rakes, the Tejas and the soon to be launched LHB Deccan Queen...
But if IR moves towards trainsets, it may spell the end of special liveries and also possibly names. Trains may be identified with just numbers.
IR is replacing all lbh rajdhani express rakes with tejas smart lhb sleeper rakes. Lookup on my channel I have a video of tejas rakes which are going to replace current rajdhani`s lhb rakes
@@hiteshsingh.x Yes
@@hiteshsingh.x I have seen your video...
Very Good and full of information. Thank you
Thank you 😊
Your Very clear, highly logical and focused information and approach has made me to subscribe to your channel.
Thank you for your kind words 😊
Your videos are amazing and based on unique concept.❤️ Like your mumbai rajdhani videos plz make history of all important and historical passenger trains of Indian railway 👍
Thank you for appreciating my efforts....
The First Original LSLRD was Used by IR by 2423/24 & 2435/36 New Delhi - Dibrugarh Rajdhani Express between Guwahati to Dibrugarh with 3 AC III Tier , 1 AC II Tier, 1 AC I Tier , 1 Pantry Car & 1 EOG Coaches and 1 LHB SLR till full 24 coaches where permanently run between DBRG and New Delhi. I Myself travelled In the AC II Tier and AC I Tier every time
Thanks for the update...
Good work done by you
What is the maximum speed of non AC cars train, i think it's only 130kmph.
Excellent enlightenment.
Thank you 😊
Please specify the material used for fabrication?? Is it Stainless steel??
Yes. SS is used
Very very good news thanks for your kind information 👍👍👍👍👍
Thanks to you Sir for the appreciation...
All Trains should be converted to LHB Coaches
It is in process
I will miss the traditional blue ICF coaches as I have grown up seeing those.
Hmm… they make us nostalgic…
Very informative the old IR coaches really were decrepit looking with a ton of people riding on the roof, now the new cars look more in line with a country of India stature.
By 2023-24 Indian Railway routes will be 100% electrified. So, no more people on roof 😁.
@@hritikjuyal5484 Honestly... I were in nearly all parts of India. Although trains may be incredibly full... (Non Reserved train parts and Mumbais local trains as the extreme)... I never saw people on the roof of trains... have you actually seen it? Where? I think it's more a stereotype.
@@Gebieter Pictures of people on train roof are shared online as they are from India but in reality most of them are from Bangladesh. Diesel engines are rare these days on railway tracks. With electricity wire running over train routes, no one would dare to ride on train roofs.
Loved it ! Thank you.
Very good video! Please kindly make a video about generator luggage car
Is there a video explaining the unique loading gauge of subcontinent trains? My impression is that Russian and Indian loading gauges are larger than average
What i heard - there were two competing guages commonly used in britain. The larger guage was chosen as the standard in India. When the British wanted to standardise rail in uk they choose the smaller one, which we now call the "standard guage" and became the world standard. That's why South Asia has the larger guage. The reason why larger guage was chosen is that it's better for freight, rail was initially built in India only for freight, not for people.
Nice, well researched and informative.
Certainly very valuable video 👌
Thank you
Beautiful explanation
Thank you
dats gr8 to hear abt IR's decision
🇮🇳💐💐🍁⚘♥️🍁 i love LHB coaches rail car 🍁⚘♥️💐💐🇮🇳
LHB coaches are very safety 😃 better journey
Yes indeed
Modi haito mumkin hai, Jai Shree Ram, 🚩 🚩 🚩 🚩 🚩
Thank you very much. Very well explained.
Happy you liked the video
With the common appearances of LHB, I think IR should now work seriously on another higher level (or Ultra) LHB rakes, (call it UHB) that can be used for Rajdhani, Shatabdi, AC Duronto, etc. ,, which can overcome all the disadvantages of present LHB cars, some genuine qualities of ICF cars, complete smart integrated system, using some more lighter and stronger material, etc. Also replacing of EOGs with 2nd class coaches.
More than UHB, LHB, etc. IR must work on with Alstom as well as ICF, to generate an Indian version of high-speed TGV trains, having Jacobs bogie which is ultimate super speed, Let's assume that to be as Train 22.
Jacobs bogies are one option but options like the ICE and pendolinos could be tested as well ....
One day when i was travelling in icf coaches there are cbc coupling after upgrade in utkrisct coach which are safer than screw coupler. India railways are giving cbc coupling in icf coaches before converting into lhb coaches.
Yes I noticed that… cbc couplers are one aspect but if I m not mistaken, ICF bogies also lack yaw dampers
Could you please confirm the width of a Double Decker Coach? Is it 3050mm? It seems they were initially designed for a width of 3135mm. But when the rake was sent to Eastern Railway in October 2010 for trial runs between Howrah and Dhanbad, the sides of the train scratched against platforms at various places. Thereafter, it seems, a decision was made to trim the width by 85mm. Is it still the case, or have more changes taken place over the years?
one news report on chennai bengaluru double decker train does mention the width as 3050mm
Great information thank you for the video
Thank you 😊
Danke fur information.
Bitte schön 😊
Seems to be a good product
NDA 1 and NDA 2 needed to switch over (2001, 2018).
Nice video
3:20 self generation reduces the speed of the train. Due to self generation, trains cannot run faster, that is why self generation is not permitted in LHB Coaches
What will ICF produce ?
The ICF has started building LHB cars. The ICF produced Train-18 is LHB too
Wow india is changing fast
Why are coaches made at ICF called ICF coach instead of the Swiss coach while the new ones are called LHB cars instead of after the coach factory that made them ?
I guess this just marketing
Missing the days of diesel locos and icf cars
I am fed up with old dabbas.
Well covered
Thank you
Very good narration. I think it's better to drop the bullet train project and spend same amount of money in upgrading the speeds of the LHB coaches to 300kmph.
The FIAT bogie may not be suitable for 300 kmph. A new bogie would have to be designed or imported. And a high speed system is more efficient with trainsets. The indian BG system can attempt for 200 kmph or 250 kmph (with tilting systems)
@@TheTrainStory In what way trainsets are different?
@@treatseaweed Trainsets have power distributed in all the cars. There is no separate locomotive. This results in faster acceleration, shorter braking distances and faster turnaround times. A close analogy is a 4wd car where tractive power is sent to all wheels
@@TheTrainStory Got it. Thanks
@@TheTrainStory Now India will have the combination of trainsets and Locomotive driven
Why there is a jerk in lhb car when the train starts.
Due to Inertia of motion
Coupling oh lhb is the reason
You won't belive but if there's no jerk the train won't move. Therse a space provided in couplings which causes jerk. So that the engine won't have to face the inertia of all the coaches at a single time instead because of gap it overcomes the inertia of choaches one by one.
i had the same experience while travelling in duronto lhb
@@navneetranjan3642 I belive she's asking why there's more of a jerk than on ICF coaches, which is answered by @Kunal Kawale
Wish the windows could be opened like older carriages .. to feel the surrounding outside
Nice👍
Konsa game hai
Sir,
Aap zara passenger rolling stock ke upar bhi video banaiye toh bohut khusi milegi.
Aap thora bataye ke agar IR pe 3660mm width ke coach chal sakte hai toh phir 3250mm ke coaches hi kiu mostly banaye jate hai???
Sumit... I think this is because of the clearances available on mainline in terms of platform width and other fixed infrastructure. However, the suburban EMUs that IR operates are wider (12 feet or ~3660 mm). But platforms and other infrastructure are specifically designed for them. That is why these trains cannot operate outside their suburban territories. Hope this helps..
@@TheTrainStory
Sir,
In Kolkata the wider EMU trains use the same platform and other infra as used by normal i.e. 3250mm coaches. I wish if you will delve a bit deeper and come out with a well researched video..
Hope my wish shall come true, I have looked in many IR sites but only available reference is that 3660mm coaches are to be ordered after express permission is received from Railway Board itself...
I want to attract your attention to the fact that coaches in fast running TGV network have almost similar width as ours even when their gauge is 9.5 inches smaller...
Pls look into it...
Pl
Sumit, I will try to address your questions point by point
1. In Kolkata, Mumbai and Chennai the intercity trains use the platforms designed for 12-foot EMUs and not the other way round. This is the reason the wider EMUs cannot run outside their designated territories
2. It has always been debatable why indian railways (from British times) never really exploited the wider loading gauge that 1676 mm provides over 1435 mm. Rail cars in India have been similar in width to standard gauge cars.
In fact the Shinkansen cars (1435 mm gauge) have wider cars (3360 mm) than our LHB cars.
4. The wider EMU cars were designed to address the dense crowds in Mumbai. They were subsequently used in other suburban areas as well.
Self generation technology should bring in lhb
Due to it speed of the train reduces.
now its 80 % lhb in india
Nice video, although that’s not the correct definition of anti telescopic. It means if there was a crash, one coach would not smash its way right through the next coach like a telescope- the way the older coaches would
Very nice 👌
Thank you
Indian Railways now decided to produce only 3000-4000 LHB coaches per year.
Instead now "Trainset" like Train18 or Vande Bharat will be put in focus & production on large scale has started since 2021.
It’s high time IR shifted to trainsets. I just hope the internal bickerings which stalled Train-18 are now a thing of the past… A tilting train set could run at ~225-250 kmph on existing network of the railways (after suitably fencing off)
Train 18 is purely ICF modiefied rake from ICF perumbur chennai, the other LHB coaches majorly from barielly
It is not clear what you mean with ‘purely icf modified’.
Train-18 is not a Schliren design. It is 100% LHB (designed and built at ICF Chennai)
Majority of LHB cars are built at RCF Kapurthala, ICF started manufacture of LHB few years back. The MCF at Bareilly is a new factory and only recently began roll out of LHB.
@@TheTrainStory question
Thanks Modi ji for great & transparent governance for the development of nation with railway connectivity 🙏
Bhut piyri
Could someone please explain what causes the difference in track sound between ICF and LHB coaches? People say it is due to wheel alignment but can someone please elaborate?
Its because of the FIAT bogies of the LHB coaches. Their Y-Frame bogie design makes them sound more ' harmonious '.
Indonesia LHB Coaches& Indian LHB Coaches are more or less same quality. We have huge capacity of manufacturing. We have to target to export market so we can improve our quality and cost. Involve public and government partnership in innovating manufacturing method. Give challenging projects to IIT schools for getting better inputs
In 2012 I found it strange that even electric trains used diesel generator cars. It is good that this is now changed. In Europe, even with four different electric systems, locomotives generally provide "hotel power" to passenger trains, even diesel locomotives are equipped with generators for this purpose.
Yes it was a strange bureaucratic decision of not using power from OHE for Hotel Load.
can add alternators if the disk is shifted to wheels like in t-18..
Yes you are right. The railways have experimented with alternators on the Fiat bogies... but they have opted for the HoG. Drawing power from the OHE and transferring to the cars through the loco seems much less underslung equipment to carry
Waiting for the LHB coches to use its full potential on Indian railways.
Yes
These cars are awesome inside, but i definitely prefer the older blue livery of coaches
What about Shatbadi
Do we have go for screwdrivergiri to Germany after so many years of making coaches. What do they do in their R&D department cook upma idly and paratha on End on car generator powered cook tops ( imported fro GE made in China?)
I wonder.
We have to learn to make our own designs what RDSO for just joy rides on Track inspection cars by General Managers.
The ICF did design the Train18… but see how internal jealousies and corruption scuttled the project. It is not that we lack talent but it seems local talent cannot give the kickbacks that an imported order can…
LHBs were introduced in 1995 itself? The only thing that truly annoys me is that all the new railway technology reaches south very very late compared to North. Take the LHB coaches of rajdhani. I think all the south indian trains got it very late and till then it was running on those old rickety ICF coaches. They can consider train 18 to run between chennai and bangalore but seems like thats never a part of the plan. But I guess now LHB dominates Southern Railway compared to earlier days and hope to see more.
Nevertheless, LHBs were not too perfect initially as they were more jerky compared to ICF. But now there is massive improvement.
Instead of using generators in cars , why don't they directly use electricity from OHE cables (a car with transformer inside) (for those areas at least which have OHE cables above)
They are Directly using overhead power now for coaches
I always liked train travel in India better than in Germany. Pleasant climate and open windows was a big part of it.
I generally dislike speed above 140 km/h. The eyes can't enjoy the scenery.
With open windows and 80 km/h a train ride Goa to Mumbai would be 8 hours plus time for stops. O.k. for me. The journey is the destination.
Nf railways train get all the LHB conversation this year 2020 😄😄
That's a wonderful update...
LHBs are the future…
But ICFs will always remain as memories....
Actually… time is up for the LHB too, the future belongs to Trainsets, Train-18, Train-23 etc
Indian Railways should pioneer battery electric power for railways - first of all for metro trains. Electricity supply is less reliable in India. India has space for a lot of solar power which is very cheap in India. Like the coal and water tender for steam locomotives, India could pioneer a 'tender' which is a self propelled battery drone. Charging could just be done at stations, even every fifth station and end of line. It could recharge itself at the end of the Metro line while being replaced by another. There will be a huge saving in electrical infrastructure. The number of battery drones will just depend on the number of trips. While Indian Intercity passenger trains are very long, and extra cars may come at the expense of passenger cars, self-propelled battery drones do away with diesel engines. They can go through long tunnels with the tunnel requiring ventilation beyond that for fire services. The trains become much quieter.
Battery operated locos may not be a viable option for long distances moreover disposal of used batteries will bring their own problems.
India has already invested heavily in overhead catenarys. Solar power where possible could be used to power substations which could then feed the OHE.
But for now, India has vast supplies of cheap coal. It is unlikely IR will seriously look for alternatives. And that too would depend on government policies. The most likely replacement for thermal power would be nuclear power, not solar
It would be good if Indian railways manufacturers some other coach apart from lgb yoo
Thanks for succinct explanation. It appears that the LHB has a long life ahead, since 200K speeds are likely to be the speed limit for at least 25-30 years, by which time hopefully air mass transit will be an affordable reality, leaving the rail network for mainly cargo duty and recreation travel.
I prefer India follow the European model which invests in and encourages rail travel.
Air travel requires imported oil but rail uses Electricity generated from locally available coal.
If the Mumbai Delhi route can be brought down to < 9 hours... Rail will have advantage
@@TheTrainStory Not only that but air travel involves tedious 'security theater' that makes shorter journeys unattractive compared to high-speed rail. It doesn't matter if you fly faster if the total journey takes longer.
Moreover there are practical limits to how many flights can be handled at busy airports. Of course there are limits on how many trains can ply as well, but based on the forecasts we'll need all the capacity we can get.
Luckily smaller Indian cities are clustered around larger ones so high-speed rail should be viable unlike the US where large population centers are spread out.
@@TheTrainStory how about building a high speed train parallel to DME
All the train get Conversation into LHB 2015 to 2021 this year conversation all the mail express train and 😃😃
Yes indeed... IR should now focus on getting more multiple unit train-sets like the Train-18 and also initiate shift toward Aluminum bodied cars
Knuckle joint problem is in lhb coaches . When sudden pull of engine it creates sound . And quality compromise is in lhb
Safety & Comfort
Yes indeed...
What’s the exact weight of ICF and LHB coaches? Is the construction of Aluminium in LHB, thus contributing weight savings? You could have answered these questions, instead of vaguely mentioning that “LHB is lighter than ICF”.
Are LHB coach toilets better than the open air non sense of the ICF coaches? That also should have been covered.
An LHB car weighs ~40 tons compared to an ICF coach that weighs ~47 tons. LHB are made of Steel. The IR has set up a factory for Aluminium coaches but they are not LHB. Both in service LHB and ICF coaches are being fitted with bio-toilets.
Thanks for your constructive critique...
@@TheTrainStory Thanks for the detailed reply.
@@Xetairex 😠😕
@@Ankitlabh2009 If you have a problem, state it. I don’t get what issue you have with what’s an objective comment. Moreover, it was addressed mostly, by the video uploader.
R.I.P ICF Coach
:(
Yes lhb is the best coaches in the world yeahhhhhhhhhh 😍😀😀😀😀😃😄😆☺😊
Quite informative. But the change is
too late and too little. India has the second largest railway market in the World. Yet, unlike China, we depend on obsolete technology sourced from much smaller countries. They are making world class high-speed trains. LHB is also a generation old technology now.
Unfortunately what you say is true. At a time the IR should be have focused on Train sets, the coach factories are still thinking in terms of loco- hauled coaches.
@@TheTrainStory Yes
Which song ?
What was the first lhb train in India?
Lucknow Swarna Shatabdi express...
Missing ICF sounds
Why aren't the coaches made fully out of Aluminum?
It costs too much
The Train-20 was to have Aluminum cars but that is in cold storage now. However, the Modern Rail Coach factory may start building Aluminum cars
Indian railways currently doesn't has the technology to manufacture all aluminum coaches. Cost is not an adequate reason here because as technology improves, costs come down. Check in case of Cars. Newer cars are aluminum built vs older steel cars. Though, Indian cars still ise wrought iron under the body to save cost. Indian railways can also come up with something similar once it acquires the required technology.
@@AnkurJhavery audio Spanish
Why memu, demu, emu coaches are icf type? They also need to be LHBfied.
The Train-18 is technically a MEMU. It is an EMU train set operated on the mainline. As for DEMU, the railways had issued tenders way back in 2012 for a LHB DEMU. But now with plans of 100% electrification a LHB DEMU may not be produced.
@@TheTrainStory Yes
Lhb shakes less than icf
Yes .. LHB bogies also have yaw dampers to reduce side way movements
Train track should be modernisation to capable of run the train at the maximum speed of 400 KM's ph in view of new technology improvements to be used to upgrade the existing tracks
For that
We should have a large area like indian railways....
And it's not easy...
For that maybe we have to remove railway tracks... And build concrete tracks which metro, bullet trains used because it can hold 500kmph+....
Even we will upgrade it... It will take on under 200kmph... We can't run 400kmph on that track...
For that
We should have a large area like indian railways....
And it's not easy...
For that maybe we have to remove railway tracks... And build concrete tracks which metro, bullet trains used because it can hold 500kmph+....
Even if we will upgrade these old tracks ... It will take on under 200kmph... We can't run 400kmph on that track...
Icf should have been ruled out much earlier
You content was good. I have 1 suggestion though - can you please make your narration sound less mechanical/monotonous /computer generated and more human like/expressive.
Thanks for your constructive suggestion... I will try to improve...😊