Thanks for the Shout Out Sandi and for being part of the study. This is a farmer run study measuring colostrum quality with a refractometer and tracking the health of the lambs. We have 11 farms enrolled (10 in Ontario and 1 in Alberta). Two of the farms are also linked into another study where the colostrum is collected, shipped to Guelph to be analysed for antibody levels to validate the refractometer readings.
Even though am in the states would love to hear more about this. Will talk to our local State University and see if the guys there are working with something like this.
@@scakya1 I don't want to take over Sandi's comment feed. It is all about getting management tools that farmers can use to improve their livestock health. I have already made links with research groups in Ireland and Spain so I would be pleased to connect with your state university. I am trying to figure out a way to ship you my email privately. Sandi you are better at that sort of thing.
Yes, and this is something I should be doing also... My barn is my limitation for that as if I only have 10-20 singles, the pen is under-utilized and if the other groups I may have too many to fit in the pens... But maybe something to look at when my numbers are a bit more equal for sure! Great point!
almost 30k subscribers... I just found your channel 2 days ago maybe... Now, I am on video marathon to watch all your video... I love it... Even though I don’t know anything about farming... I just love it.. To go through all the process... It is amazing... Thank you so much for everything..
Yes Sandi. Like you have gained over 20k subs since the begining of 2019 . You are becoming huge and also this was a great video. Also congratulations on making you first video to go over 200k views!!!
It's 2024 and this video came up on my algorithm. So nice to see lambing with out the YT mandated smudging. I've been watching for about a year an a half (and went back three years and binged through those earlier days). Thoroughly enjoy watching you do what you do! And your production values are excellent! Even five years ago! Cheers! Jon.
That really lamb colostrum tool is awesome. You are so great at this. Much respect to you and your family for doing all you guys do for the farming industry.
Wow, you & Mark have had a lot of hurdles these past few weeks with lambing, haying & planting! I get exhausted just watching you lol! You are such a phenomenal sheep mama. Thank you for creating these videos; I learn so much! Btw, thanks for the update on the little guy (7:51). Glad to see he's mending well.
I like your splints. Thanks for sharing. You could try "kerlix" type of rolled guaze underneath for a little more padding? However, if vet wrap is working for you then no need to change
You may want to see check your ration for calcium levels. Drought can really reduce calcium in forages(Alfalfa and like). Have run into this myself and it can be bad.
Girl I enjoy your vids so much. Doesn't matter how many births I am at it never gets old. I can't believe you don't turn your sheep out. It amazes me. You do an awesome job. I love your dogs. They are great. You are a true fixer. The things we have to come up with to help our (children) survive the best way we know how.God bless ❤️🐑❤️🐾🐾❤️
Hi from Australia 👋New subscriber and binge watching from Vlog 1😍 Hoping to learn all about sheep as I am just getting my property fenced so I can have a few 🐑🐑🐑.
Omg sandi what an amazing video.. I wished u had your own series.. such inspiration and super women.. keep up the great work.. I just absolutely love your channel..
Ive binge watched a bunch of your videos! We are thinking of getting sheep in the next couple of years on a homestead scale... thanks so much for being so honest about your struggles and wins! In my muggle job im a project manager and total data nerd. Love how much data your Gallagher can give you! Keep up the amazing content! BTW im in North Dakota... our winters totally suck and last forever, I feel ya girl
I was a serious fan of all creatures great and small when it came out in the early 80s in the USA. I find the current Farm Life videos to be ever more intriguing and special thank you
Funny, i also like the evening putting the ewe's & lambs to bed. It's very calming. I did notice in the video at the time you mentioned "quiet time" the birds weren't chirpping so much... they are LOUD...almost drowning you out..but hey, whudda you gonna do...keep up the good work.
Hi Sandi, I'm curious what are you hoping to learn from testing the ewe's colostrum? to learn any patterns or just to see if those babies might need supplementing? That little lamb looked so much better on it's feet after you worked your magic! :)
The angular limb deformity in that lambs front legs is similar to the limb deformity you find in som race horse foals and them we treat with temporary splints and restricted room to run around in it works well and doesn’t seem to cause any problems later in life
We used to have goats. (they all got killed) I would like to get some more. We had one born with a messed up foot. I splint his leg with a short piece of pvc I think. It worked pretty good. Watching your videos makes me want to get this fence finished so I can hurry up and get more goats.
He did really good. The first time I took it off the leg still wouldn't straighten on its own. So i put it back on for a while. When we took it off the second time he could walk good.
Hi Sandi.. thank you for showing the colostrum meter! Have you checked your milk powder with this tester as well? What would be the grade of it? And what will you do if the grade of ewe milk is low? Change feeding or putting new born on milk machine? If you are mating ewe lambs with a meat breed Suffolk, I would suggest using Dorper. Dorper borns smaller so easier for ewe lamb, Dorper gets bigger quicker..
I actually filmed myself testing the colostrum, but for the sake of time on this video I took it out... The powdered colostrum tested quite low actually! So I want to contact them to see if its a matter of feeding more? Great question!
Hi again just watching rest of video and I don’t want any bad comments or anything but I would say leave them in a pen with there mothers they will stat to walk fine .
I wonder what ram is producing the all black babies and all the babies are so cute though aww this why I cant be a farmer bc I would want to keep all of them
If it is below 22 you need to feed some colostrumpowder. Here in the netherlands at the goatfarm we use they colostrum from the mother. When it is between 15 en 22 we use some colostrumpowder. Under 15 we don't use the colostrum from the mother. If it is above 22 we give it without some additionel colostrum powder.
Love your videos and so does my daughter, as a fellow Canadian Few short hours away from you actually. Just have two questions my daughter asked why they never get to go outside or can they go outside in a field or something. and can I just stop by and hangout with the little babies all day. Just a bunch of cuteness for sure ❤️💕
Sandi Brock oh okay makes sense I’ll let my daughter know. I wasn’t sure myself but we both love your videos. Keep up the good work and very educating too ❤️💕 ps Happy early Canada day ! 🇨🇦
Is it hard for you to just watch when a ewe is pushing. Maybe not struggling but kind of? Haha! I'm such a type A, hands on idk if i could just watch. But she did it! lol Why don't you run your jugs on one side against the mangers? You could still run a fence across to keep the lambs/ewes separate from the ewes yet to lamb. Seems like it would be so much easier for you, then you could leave 4-6 up all the time and not have to take them down and put them up.
great suggestion... I like having them on both sides for when I'm moving them into the jugs... Its narrower and acts like a funnel. As for just running them along the manger, I can't put up too many as it cuts into feeder space for the group left to lamb...
@@SandiBrock I don't know what this say's about me, but I got onto a plane one day and was seated next to a woman in her mid 60's. This woman's forearms were the size of my biceps. We eventual started talking and she told me that for the last 20+ years, she's been part of a trapeze act in the Ringling Bothers Circus. That's when I told her that I had noticed the definition her forearms and thought that she had been a bodybuilder. The trapeze act has been the family business for the last 4 generations. Like I said, I don't know what this says about me. I broke my neck when I was 20 and lost a lot of function in my fingers and wrests. Maybe it's just some sort of deep psyche problems because mine are small after the loss of function. I've got a few mental problems I guess. Oh well. Have a good week.
I was wondering if lambs can gets contracted tendons like horses, I never saw a lamb knuckled over in your videos. I love your homemade splint! :) wish we could do that with foals. >.< can you keep us updated on how that one develops along with the lamb with the high break? Thanks for taking the time out of your crazy schedule to take us along!!!!
The little black one, I took the cast off a couple days ago, and the break feels like its healed! She still is timid to put weight on that leg though... Keeping a close eye on her...
I’m not a farmer but I’m so fascinated with farm lifestyle. I love sheep’s goats cows and chickens... sorry for my questions but knowing all the work you have, how do you manage your vacations? Free time? Are you dedicated the whole day to the farm?
Great question! The big reason I schedule my lambing, and management tasks, are so we can sneak in some downtime... It gets challenging when we fight the weather, as we grain farm also. I would say each day requires a half day's work unless I have management jobs in the barn, or lambing... then its an all day thing. I try to fit everything in during the weekdays, so weekends only require feeding and bedding.
I know you are amazing at what you do. Do you have or meet with a nutrition expert to evaluate your feed? I watch “10th generation dairyman” on TH-cam. His channel is amazing like yours. He does dairy cows.
Been working closely with both my feed guy and my vet... I've juggled about 4 rations since winter trying to deal with these issues... I'll have to check out that channel! Thanks
Sandi Brock thank you for your response. I know your super busy. Check out todays episode of “10th generation dairyman” he talks about feed and his routine on his farm. Animals are number 1 for his channel like yours are too you. I admire that. Have a nice day. 😀🙂😉
probably hauls them off to a dead pile away from the barns. when you operate a farm you just dont have time/room to bury them all, so it's best to feed the coyotes and other animals.
Thanks for the Shout Out Sandi and for being part of the study. This is a farmer run study measuring colostrum quality with a refractometer and tracking the health of the lambs. We have 11 farms enrolled (10 in Ontario and 1 in Alberta). Two of the farms are also linked into another study where the colostrum is collected, shipped to Guelph to be analysed for antibody levels to validate the refractometer readings.
Thanks so much Laurie! Love using this thing!
Even though am in the states would love to hear more about this. Will talk to our local State University and see if the guys there are working with something like this.
@@scakya1 I don't want to take over Sandi's comment feed. It is all about getting management tools that farmers can use to improve their livestock health. I have already made links with research groups in Ireland and Spain so I would be pleased to connect with your state university. I am trying to figure out a way to ship you my email privately. Sandi you are better at that sort of thing.
@@lauriemaus5300 agree, Sandi is awesome. Here's my email. scakya@gmail.com, I'll delete it after you get it.
بت
Ive been watching your videos for 3 hrs and I'm pretty sure my neighbors think I have sheep now
In Ireland we divide the ewes by the number of lambs they scan for to avoid overfeeding and birthing issues and pregnancy toxemia
Yes, and this is something I should be doing also... My barn is my limitation for that as if I only have 10-20 singles, the pen is under-utilized and if the other groups I may have too many to fit in the pens... But maybe something to look at when my numbers are a bit more equal for sure! Great point!
I love the little black babies so cute
same!!!
Yes the sheep are good girls cute sheep
Ooooooh my goooooosh that lamb with her little blue boots!!! So stinkin cute!!
You have the patience of a saint! Watching you work with these lambs is so addicting. They are blessed to have you.
almost 30k subscribers... I just found your channel 2 days ago maybe... Now, I am on video marathon to watch all your video... I love it... Even though I don’t know anything about farming... I just love it.. To go through all the process... It is amazing... Thank you so much for everything..
Oh I'm so glad you found it!!
Yes Sandi. Like you have gained over 20k subs since the begining of 2019 . You are becoming huge and also this was a great video. Also congratulations on making you first video to go over 200k views!!!
Thanks Myles!!
Your lambs do look a lot bigger. Thanks for sharing.
It's 2024 and this video came up on my algorithm. So nice to see lambing with out the YT mandated smudging. I've been watching for about a year an a half (and went back three years and binged through those earlier days). Thoroughly enjoy watching you do what you do! And your production values are excellent! Even five years ago! Cheers! Jon.
Your sheep are in great condition, they have a real bloom unlike our drought ridden merinos here in Australia.
wondering if some of them are getting a bit too conditioned... but thanks!!
That really lamb colostrum tool is awesome. You are so great at this. Much respect to you and your family for doing all you guys do for the farming industry.
Wow, you & Mark have had a lot of hurdles these past few weeks with lambing, haying & planting! I get exhausted just watching you lol! You are such a phenomenal sheep mama. Thank you for creating these videos; I learn so much! Btw, thanks for the update on the little guy (7:51). Glad to see he's mending well.
thank you! You're right... its been a struggle.. but we always seem to muster through!
I like your splints. Thanks for sharing. You could try "kerlix" type of rolled guaze underneath for a little more padding? However, if vet wrap is working for you then no need to change
I feel she done a fantastic job!!
I also agree with you.
Thanks!
Thanks Debbie!
I’m glad you got your crops in ground. I wish I live closer so I could volunteer during lambing. That’s right up my ally!
thanks Kim!
The lamb with the feet issue is so adorable!
So cute. and a real pet now!
@10:06 that little lip curl it did was soooooo cuteeee
the best!
You may want to see check your ration for calcium levels. Drought can really reduce calcium in forages(Alfalfa and like). Have run into this myself and it can be bad.
This was a big issue this year... Been making lots of adjustments...
I really like everything to do with lambing, pretty, fascinating stuff learning much that I never knew before, thanks for sharing your adventures
Thanks Tony!
I have tons of respect for what you all do, this channel is awesome!
Thank you!
Sandi Brock your sheep are good girls cute sheep nice video do you want to watch mine
All these lambs are absolutely gorgeous but i just love the black/ black & white ones, Sandi you are one awesome lady ❤
The black one with the white face and white tail is so cute
I found your channel 2 days ago and I love it it's very very good channel and it is full of good information
OmG... that LiL lami that you fixed her two front legs... she is adorable.
Please keep showing the black baby with the blaze, it’s interesting to see them develop... also helps that it’s adorable
Will do!
That little curled under feet lamb has a smiling face💕
Love the black and white lamb with the white tail.....soooo cute
Just absolutely love watching these babies being born and you make it look so easy😀
thanks!!
I find it fun, my phone interprets the birds as applause. So I thought I would share to let you know the heavens are happy with your efforts. 👏👏👏👏
Girl I enjoy your vids so much. Doesn't matter how many births I am at it never gets old. I can't believe you don't turn your sheep out. It amazes me. You do an awesome job. I love your dogs. They are great. You are a true fixer. The things we have to come up with to help our (children) survive the best way we know how.God bless ❤️🐑❤️🐾🐾❤️
thank you!
I love watching all the babys!!!! 🐑
I wanted to see the lamb's feet fixed. And in this video there's this. Thanks, Sandi.
I've been documenting as I go, so there will be another update on the next vlog!
Thank you for sharing. Farming is such hard work with lots of highs and lows. You are a super hard worker.
Thanks so much!
I just love your channel!! It is so unique and I am learning so much. Thank you for sharing your journey on your sheep ranch.
Thanks Denise!
Your dog is acc the cutest and most loyal helper
Hi from Australia 👋New subscriber and binge watching from Vlog 1😍 Hoping to learn all about sheep as I am just getting my property fenced so I can have a few 🐑🐑🐑.
Hey Sue!! I hope they help!!
Sue S I have pet sheep
New subscriber and I’m absolutely hooked. I’ve binge watched your videos for 3 days straight now. I’m telling everyone I know to subscribe.
So awesome! Thanks Michael!
That colostrum tester is cool.
very cool!
Omg sandi what an amazing video.. I wished u had your own series.. such inspiration and super women.. keep up the great work.. I just absolutely love your channel..
Too kind... thanks again Rachel!
Ive binge watched a bunch of your videos! We are thinking of getting sheep in the next couple of years on a homestead scale... thanks so much for being so honest about your struggles and wins! In my muggle job im a project manager and total data nerd. Love how much data your Gallagher can give you! Keep up the amazing content! BTW im in North Dakota... our winters totally suck and last forever, I feel ya girl
Thanks Diana!!! I love the data, but hate sitting down to go through it all! Wish I could be better at that!
@@SandiBrock pivot tables are your friend!!
I was a serious fan of all creatures great and small when it came out in the early 80s in the USA.
I find the current Farm Life videos to be ever more intriguing and special thank you
Thanks Miriam!
I love how you try and fix the baby’s injuries after birth instead of letting them grow up with the injuries
I try! and if I do it when they are young, they heal so much faster!
I LOVE your videos Sandi! Keep up the good work!❤️
Thanks so much Bridget!
My heart would break every time I lost one. The bottle lambs are so cute.
Funny, i also like the evening putting the ewe's & lambs to bed. It's very calming. I did notice in the video at the time you mentioned "quiet time" the birds weren't chirpping so much... they are LOUD...almost drowning you out..but hey, whudda you gonna do...keep up the good work.
So right! The birds are so loud!
love Love LOVE YOU and your videos Been watching for a while. Your AMAZING With a HUGE PLATE GREAT JOB YOUR DOING... I learn something every video
Thank you so so much Ken!!!
that was cool fixing the lamb's legs, Russ in Montana
Thanks Russ! I hope it works! I've used this method over the last year with success..
Hi Sandi, I'm curious what are you hoping to learn from testing the ewe's colostrum? to learn any patterns or just to see if those babies might need supplementing?
That little lamb looked so much better on it's feet after you worked your magic! :)
From what I’ve seen in previous videos I’m pretty sure she does it to see if the lambs need supplementing.
Hey Leah! This is new for me... If you look at the pinned comment at the top you'll see Laurie Maus's reasoning for the study!
I love the lambing videos they are so cute I love the little black one I hope it’s a girl
Its a girl!!!
Therese Maylone I have pet sheep
Awww, the broken leg baby looks so good! Yay!
yay always making may days better
The angular limb deformity in that lambs front legs is similar to the limb deformity you find in som race horse foals and them we treat with temporary splints and restricted room to run around in it works well and doesn’t seem to cause any problems later in life
We used to have goats. (they all got killed) I would like to get some more. We had one born with a messed up foot. I splint his leg with a short piece of pvc I think. It worked pretty good. Watching your videos makes me want to get this fence finished so I can hurry up and get more goats.
Lacy Shelley that’s awful, but hope it works out for you!!
He did really good. The first time I took it off the leg still wouldn't straighten on its own. So i put it back on for a while. When we took it off the second time he could walk good.
THey work so well!
You rock girl...!
One day I want this! Your amazing!
Hi Sandi.. thank you for showing the colostrum meter! Have you checked your milk powder with this tester as well? What would be the grade of it? And what will you do if the grade of ewe milk is low? Change feeding or putting new born on milk machine?
If you are mating ewe lambs with a meat breed Suffolk, I would suggest using Dorper. Dorper borns smaller so easier for ewe lamb, Dorper gets bigger quicker..
Erik where are you located at.yes I agree about the dorper.
Hi Debbie.. i live in Australia..
I actually filmed myself testing the colostrum, but for the sake of time on this video I took it out... The powdered colostrum tested quite low actually! So I want to contact them to see if its a matter of feeding more? Great question!
Omg! Your baby lambs are so cute! I love your videos!
Hi Sandi have a great long weekend and happy canad day😁
Thanks Tony!!
Happy look the balck one recover on his foot
Yay!
Oh my goodness that sweet knuckled over baby 🥰
Lady you are so dedicated 💖 💗 💕 ❤
I've been waiting for this video all morning!
Hi again just watching rest of video and I don’t want any bad comments or anything but I would say leave them in a pen with there mothers they will stat to walk fine .
Hermoso video, ver caminar al corderito me arrancó una lágrima. Emocionante!
Oh my gosh, the little lamb that you wrapped her legs has the cutest face!
I want to volunteer here so bad! 🤧🤧🤧😩😩😩 They're so cute!
I like your farm. CONGRATULATIONS!! Greetings from Spain.
This channel has grown so much since I first found u! congrats on all the hard work !
It has! Unreal!
All sheep are clever
Time for a picnic day 😁
Nice video !
Yay more lambing
I wonder what ram is producing the all black babies and all the babies are so cute though aww this why I cant be a farmer bc I would want to keep all of them
Same a few pop in there for sure ...
LOL. I actually have a black and white Rideau ram that this was his first breeding group... He looks exactly like my little black and white lamb!
YOu have a number of very pretty black and white lambs, and also some sort of tweedy ones.
Festival I need to watch all your videos because I didn't finish them yet
You are just amazing!! Ewesome job 🤣🐑 pardon the pun
LOL! Thank EWE!!
This reminds me of “Little Bo-Peep” & “Mary Had a Little Lamb” from Nursery Rhymes (1983)
Thank you for making a amazing video 🙂
If it is below 22 you need to feed some colostrumpowder.
Here in the netherlands at the goatfarm we use they colostrum from the mother. When it is between 15 en 22 we use some colostrumpowder. Under 15 we don't use the colostrum from the mother. If it is above 22 we give it without some additionel colostrum powder.
Thank you!
This is wonderful and beautiful .... My name is Tareq and I love your work I wished if you were close to you👍👍👍👍👍👍💗
Thanks!
@@SandiBrock This is wonderful and lovely
Just found your channel and loving it! You are inspiring
thanks!!
great videos keep them coming do one off the bottle babies
Looks like my refractometer that i use to test engine coolant freeze points
Interesting!
In hospitals we check urine specific gravity with it..
I apologize if this has already been asked, but what do you do with the lambs who have passed?
I have been wondering the same thing
She’s commented on another video that they compost them.
Zebra Shark Thanks, I saw that after I commented on this.
New subscriber from Lucknow Ontario Canada
Oh hey Rob! Thanks for watching!
BABIES! How'd i miss this?!?
If you put the refractometer on your smartphone's camera, you can take pictures or show it to other people.
Oh cool! Should figure out how to do that!
Love your videos and so does my daughter, as a fellow Canadian Few short hours away from you actually. Just have two questions my daughter asked why they never get to go outside or can they go outside in a field or something. and can I just stop by and hangout with the little babies all day. Just a bunch of cuteness for sure ❤️💕
Thanks Amanda! They stay inside as we have a heavy population of coyotes right behind the barn...
Sandi Brock oh okay makes sense I’ll let my daughter know. I wasn’t sure myself but we both love your videos. Keep up the good work and very educating too ❤️💕 ps Happy early Canada day ! 🇨🇦
❤️U Sandi. From Hatchechubbee ALABAMA.
Thanks Ronda!!!
love your videos
Classic
Is it hard for you to just watch when a ewe is pushing. Maybe not struggling but kind of? Haha! I'm such a type A, hands on idk if i could just watch. But she did it! lol
Why don't you run your jugs on one side against the mangers? You could still run a fence across to keep the lambs/ewes separate from the ewes yet to lamb. Seems like it would be so much easier for you, then you could leave 4-6 up all the time and not have to take them down and put them up.
great suggestion... I like having them on both sides for when I'm moving them into the jugs... Its narrower and acts like a funnel. As for just running them along the manger, I can't put up too many as it cuts into feeder space for the group left to lamb...
I wish I could have sheep ide buy the marble lamb with the broken back leg as a pet. She is gorgeous,
The sheep are good girls cute sheep I have pet sheep
DAMN!!! You've got some guns on you. I have never, ever, told a woman that.
LOL. You'll have to credit my dad for that... Saturday morning calf pen clean out duty... with a pitchfork and wheelbarrow.
@@SandiBrock I don't know what this say's about me, but I got onto a plane one day and was seated next to a woman in her mid 60's. This woman's forearms were the size of my biceps. We eventual started talking and she told me that for the last 20+ years, she's been part of a trapeze act in the Ringling Bothers Circus. That's when I told her that I had noticed the definition her forearms and thought that she had been a bodybuilder. The trapeze act has been the family business for the last 4 generations. Like I said, I don't know what this says about me. I broke my neck when I was 20 and lost a lot of function in my fingers and wrests. Maybe it's just some sort of deep psyche problems because mine are small after the loss of function. I've got a few mental problems I guess. Oh well. Have a good week.
Well. At least you don't have to thaw water!! First timers drive me crazy.
LOL! True!
There are so many white ones, I really love the ones with black on them.
I was wondering if lambs can gets contracted tendons like horses, I never saw a lamb knuckled over in your videos. I love your homemade splint! :) wish we could do that with foals. >.< can you keep us updated on how that one develops along with the lamb with the high break? Thanks for taking the time out of your crazy schedule to take us along!!!!
The little black one, I took the cast off a couple days ago, and the break feels like its healed! She still is timid to put weight on that leg though... Keeping a close eye on her...
I’m not a farmer but I’m so fascinated with farm lifestyle. I love sheep’s goats cows and chickens... sorry for my questions but knowing all the work you have, how do you manage your vacations? Free time? Are you dedicated the whole day to the farm?
Great question! The big reason I schedule my lambing, and management tasks, are so we can sneak in some downtime... It gets challenging when we fight the weather, as we grain farm also. I would say each day requires a half day's work unless I have management jobs in the barn, or lambing... then its an all day thing. I try to fit everything in during the weekdays, so weekends only require feeding and bedding.
I know you are amazing at what you do. Do you have or meet with a nutrition expert to evaluate your feed? I watch “10th generation dairyman” on TH-cam. His channel is amazing like yours. He does dairy cows.
Been working closely with both my feed guy and my vet... I've juggled about 4 rations since winter trying to deal with these issues... I'll have to check out that channel! Thanks
Sandi Brock thank you for your response. I know your super busy. Check out todays episode of “10th generation dairyman” he talks about feed and his routine on his farm. Animals are number 1 for his channel like yours are too you. I admire that. Have a nice day. 😀🙂😉
Im sorry to ask this, but what do you do with the dead lambs?
probably hauls them off to a dead pile away from the barns. when you operate a farm you just dont have time/room to bury them all, so it's best to feed the coyotes and other animals.