HPU/KPU: What important roles manganese, lead and iron play

The historical review of HPU/KPU can also be found as a PDF on the RKI website.
DOI 10.1007/s00103-007-0340-5
The amounts of vitamin B6, zinc and manganese excreted in patients with abnormal readings are so small that they should not actually be the reason for the associated symptoms.
Actually - I'm thinking of the hunger and poverty campaign with the big plate that has very little filling and creates consternation with the saying "less is nothing."
With this mental approach I want to show you how it can come to different symptoms. This involves reduction of oxidative stress in the mitochondria, energy production, new sugar formation, mitochondrial dysfunction, neurotransmitters, joint problems, tasks in the kidney, in the pancreas, cell detoxification and nuclear cell function. Thus, we see growth and fertility disorders and psychological abnormalities.
On the other hand, contact with toxic metals is also associated with the formation of pyrroles. Taking arsenic exposure as an example, so-called toxic early markers have been detected. Arsenic also interferes with the activities of several enzymes of the heme biosynthetic pathway, such as aminolevulinate synthase, porphobilinogen deaminase, uroporphyrinogen III synthase, uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase, coproporphyrinogenase, ferrochelatase, and heme oxygenase. DOI: 10.1002/ SICI 1099-0801 199611 10:6 278::AID-BMC613 3.0.CO;2-X
Lead exposure apparently has some tolerance for severe acute toxicity, but measurements of porphyrins change early. Oxidation occurs nonenzymatically in this case.
Ann Clin Lab Sci. Sep-Oct 1980;10 5 :402-13.
Exposure to lead also directly alters zinc metabolism. Protoporphyrin IX is a metabolic intermediate in heme biosynthesis; in erythrocytes it exists as a free form and a zinc-bound compound. ZPP "zinc protoporphyrin IX" gives high levels only in lead poisoning and sideropenic anemia. ALA-D and ZPP in erythrocytes were measured and compared in a group of workers exposed to lead. We showed a good correlation between these two biochemical parameters. Amino acid excretion in urine of workers exposed to lead was measured and compared with other biochemical poisoning parameters. All of the senior workers studied had excessive urinary excretion of CP "coproporphyrin" and ALA "delta amino levulinic acid".
Ann Ist Super Sanita. 1977;13 1-2 :399-407.
Zinc protoporphyrin is thus also considered a marker of chronic lead exposure.
Environ Pathol Toxicol. Jul-Aug 1978;1 6 :897-910.
Where zinc protoporphyrin accumulates, iron has no place in red blood cells and oxygen supply to cells is markedly reduced.
In eight workers, 32%, there was abnormal excretion of glycine, building block for glutathione, while in another four, 15%, glycinuria was at the limit of normal. In six workers, 21%, abnormal excretion of lysine, necessary for the formation of carnitine, was present. The last data seem very interesting, since the effect of lead on lysine metabolism was not known.
Ann Ist Super Sanita. 1977;13 1- :399-407.
In case of conspicuous KPU/HPU values, questions arise not only about zinc, manganese and vitamin B6, but also about iron, toxic metals, amino acids, carnitine, etc., as well as about the supply of other essential micronutrients and, if necessary, also the elimination of toxic metals.
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The presented information and recommendation is only for general information and not for advertising or advising purposes. They under no circumstances replace the individual advice from a doctor in person and are no medical help. Treatments in this special field without consulting a doctor - especially with known previous diseases and unclear symptoms - are particularly not recommended.