Hi! To express facts, we use the present/past simple tenses. She must be happy (I'm 99% sure). She is happy (100% - this is a fact). He can't have gone (I'm 99% sure). He didn't go (100% - this is a fact). 😊🌻
Thanks for writing back. How about Future Perfect, which is also used to deduce stuff, as in You'll have heard that etc...? How would you rate that percentage-wise?
@@ВиталийСлонов-ч4ъ You're welcome. That's generally used rhetorically, in the same way that we use tag questions. We expect that the person has heard, though we are not 100% sure.
Hi Emma! Thanks for the video. I found it very useful. However, I have a question about contractions. Do you contract "would" after question words like what where who how.....? Thank you! Have a nice time
Hi mam! To talk about past before past 'past modals' are used? Ex- Where were you last night? I don't remember, i might have gone to my friend's house. Here 'might have' is correct?
Hello Emma! I'm so confused..could you please help me to understand one thing..if my friend asks me why I didn't say hi to our mutual friend at the party.and I deduce that I just probably didn't see/notice him (I'm sure)because too many people were there.. otherwise I would have come up to them..how should I say it.. I must have not seen him otherwise I would've said hi or I can'have seen him otherwise I...or I might not have seen him...Thank you in advance!
Hi! In this case, I would simply say 'I didn't see him.' You are not making a deduction because you know it is a fact that you didn't see him. If you don't remember, you could say, 'I can't have seen him. If I had seen him, I would have said hello to him.' 🌻
Hi! 1- It's 10 am he must've gone to the office. Is this correct example of past deduction? In this situation is it correct to say 'It's 10am he would have gone to the office'.
Yes, 'He must've gone...' is correct. No, I woudn't say 'He would have gone' because this indicates that he didn't go. It's one half of a second conditional sentence - He would have gone if he hadn't been unwell.
Hello Emma! I was wondering if you would please give us a short lesson whenever you can by all means. by telling the difference between * So and Too* ex: so tired vs too tired. too kind vs so kind. so expensive vs too expensive and so on..Thanks a lot in advance.
5:26 they would never have seen the game before? Can i say this?? Because can't have + v3 makes me feel that there has been some possibility or potential occurence to happen but would have + v3 like more about just action itself (point to point and no other reason why do these people seem like etc..) But still if i say they wouldn't have seen then what would be the exact difference than i say they can't have seen? And mam related to this i would like to know that suppose i randomly ask a question about a movie or topic to a person and at the same time I'm hoping too "So I'm going to ask a question about that movie and i hope so you have watched that movie OR i hope you would have watched that movie" ??? Or maybe i hope you watched that movie??? So which one is correct in this situation because I have no idea even whether he knows(will know or would have known) the name of this film or not why does here suit DEFINITE TENSE ?
Hi! They can’t have seen it before - is appropriate because no matter how much it appears that they haven’t seen it, we can’t be 100% certain. You could say ‘They obviously haven’t seen it before’. Using ‘obviously’ shows that you are 100% convinced they haven’t seen it because of their reaction, even though you can’t prove it. I wouldn’t use ‘They would never have seen it before’ because that is used for past unreal conditionals. It doesn’t work in this context because it means that they have seen it. They wouldn’t have seen it if they’d gone out (unreal past), but they didn’t go out, so they did see it (real past). Check out my video on the third conditional for more about this (link in the wish/if only playlist I shared with you). The final point isn’t really related. The appropriate tense is the present perfect because you are asking about an experience in a person’s life at an unspecified time - I hope you have seen it (at some time during your life). I have a video all about this tense: th-cam.com/video/brJU4sw6EZ8/w-d-xo.html and a present perfect playlist: th-cam.com/play/PLuC54G6Zw3ejGQ-6trRmQxWrAGT5p_3NI.html
Thrilled to have stumbled upon your stupendous channel. I don't suppose you would mind me asking you, where your accent is from, would you by any chance as long as it's no trouble of course! it's sounds to me as though from north west of England. Greetings from Casablanca .
Thank you! I'm so glad you like the channel. I don't mind at all. I'm from a small town just south of London. I suppose my accent would be considered 'BBC English'. As a child, if I didn't speak clearly, my mum wouldn't respond! 😂
Thanks for your response. I do hope and pray at the same time that we will be able to see more of you in near future. far gesund for now 👋 by the way: do people still use this word in UK to say goodbye?
@@pussycatlover6522 I had never heard 'far gesund' before, so I asked Google. Apparently it is old English, so not in use these days. We usually say 'bye for now', 'ciao for now', 'see you', or just 'bye'
@@pussycatlover6522 there are a lot of different accents in London and cockney is just one of them. There are also a lot of people with an accent like mine, which I think of as being Southern, rather than specifically London.
Few people went to the lecture about animal sounds: she could/must have been very disappointed. Hello! In this case, are both options correct? I'd say that "must" is more natural, while "could" sounds a bit strange, but somehow acceptable. Thanks a lot for your help!
Hi Marco, I agree that 'must' is more appropriate in this case. If I had given a lecture and only a small number of people attended, I would be disappointed. Therefore, I think it's reasonable to assume that she must have been very disappointed. Arguably, 'could' also works, because we don't know for sure that she was hoping for a large audience. Maybe she feels anxious about public speaking, in which case she would have been glad to have a smaller audience! Ultimately, although you could argue a case for using 'could', if you were in an exam, 'must' would definitely be the correct answer.
Hi mam! This video was helpful.In this case we can’t use ‘Can have +V3’? In the example ‘He can’t have earned the money.’ Here ‘earned’ means his own money?
Hi! I’m glad it was helpful! That’s correct, ‘can have + V3’ doesn’t exist as a structure. To ‘earn’ money means to obtain it as a result of working, so if you earn money, the money belongs to you. The money you earn is also referred to as your ‘salary’, ‘wages’, ‘pay’. Examples in use: ‘An accountant in the UK typically earns around £30,000 per year.’ ‘How much did he earn last month?’ ‘She didn’t earn her money. She’s rich because she won the lottery!’
Hi mam! How are you? ‘I have lived in London for 3years.’ Does it indicate both the finished and unfinished time? Or only unfinished time? I still live in London.
Hi! I'm fine thanks. How about you? This is an example of unfinished time. The Present Perfect is named that way because there is always a connection with the present. Even if the action is finished, there is some relationship with the present. If you want to refer to finished time, you should use the Past Simple. 'I lived in London for 3 years.' - The action is finished. I don't live in London now. 'I have lived in London for 3 years.' - The action is ongoing. I still live in London now. 'I drank 2 cups of coffee this morning.' - Morning is now finished. It is the afternoon, evening, or night. 'I have drunk 2 cups of coffee this morning.' - It is still morning now.
Hi mam! ‘He shouldn’t have got married’ is this an example of past modal of deduction? ‘How can/could you forget my birthday?’ Here both ‘can’ and ‘could’ are correct?
Hi! ‘He shouldn’t have got married’ is not a modal of deduction. We use past modals of deduction (must have, can’t have, may/might/could have) to make educated guesses about the past. In the case of ‘shouldn’t have’, we know that he got married, so there is no guessing involved. It is used to say that we disagree with a past action. Some examples: I got up late and didn’t have time for breakfast. I should have got up earlier. I failed my exam. I should have studied more. I feel sick. I shouldn’t have eaten so much. Regarding ‘How could you forget my birthday?’ - In this case it is logical that you would ask this question after someone had forgotten your birthday. Therefore ‘could’ is the only correct option.
Typically, a closed question would start with the modal verb - Could you have left your phone at home? (yes/no). Might you have studied English if you hadn't studied French? (yes/no). Open questions start with question words - Where could you have left your phone? (I think I must have left it at home). What might you have studied if you hadn't studied French? (I might have studied English).
Hi mam! Regarding the use of ‘it’s been’ is it correct to say ‘It’s been 3 days to deliver the parcel.’ Does it mean the parcel is undelivered? ‘It’s been 5 years since I started my business.’ Here am I still doing the business?
'It's been 5 years since I started my business.' is correct and it means that now you are running the business (running, not doing). You started the business 5 years ago, and you have been running it since then. We say 'It's been + period of time + since' to indicate that a period of time has passed since an action happened or was started. 'It's been 3 days since I moved to this town' = I moved to this town 3 days ago. 'It's been 2 months since I've seen my brother' = I saw my brother 2 months ago. 'It's been 5 hours since I started this project' = I started this project five hours ago. It isn't correct to say 'It's been 3 days to deliver the parcel.' The verb 'to be' refers to a state, but here you are talking about an action. You could say 'It's been 3 days since the parcel was delivered' = the parcel was delivered 3 days ago. If you want to indicate that a period of time has been necessary in order to complete an action, you can say 'it's taken + period of time + to do'. 'It's taken 3 days to deliver the parcel.' = the action of delivering the parcel has taken 3 days. If you ordered it on Monday, it was not delivered until Thursday. It took 3 days to complete the action. 'It's taken me 2 hours to complete the work.' = the action of completing the work has taken 2 hours. I started the work at 4 o'clock and I didn't finish it until 6 o'clock.
Mam! Is there any rule to know whether to use ‘will’ or ‘would’ in a condition when someone trying to express his willingness? Suppose someone giving me some money and I’m not willing to keep it What would/will i say? ‘Why will/ would i keep the money?’ ‘I won’t/wouldn’t keep the money.’ This is really confusing for me
Hi! To express willingness in the present tense, use ‘will’. ‘Yes, I will help you.’ ‘No I won’t do that.’ To express willingness in the past tense, use ‘would’. ‘He asked me to help him, but I wouldn’t.’ ‘They wanted me to give them the answer, but I wouldn’t do it.’ For conditional willingness, it depends on whether the condition is real (likely), or unreal (unlikely). For something that is real/possible/likely, use ‘will’. ‘If I cook, will you wash up?’ For something that is unreal/impossible/hypothetical, use ‘would’. ‘If you found a wallet on the street, would you keep it?’. However, the confusion arises because of politeness! If you are talking about willingness in the present, it is often because you are asking someone to do something for you, so you are more polite. The more polite form of ‘will’ is ‘would’, so you might hear someone say ‘If I cook, would you wash up? - this is referring to willingness in the present tense, but in a more polite way!
@@EnglishWithEm Hi mam! Regarding the use of ‘will’ and ‘would’ in your last example, if someone is giving me some money I don’t want to keep it, this is a real situation so i can say ‘why will I keep your money?’ Instead of ‘would’? If i take another example we usually use ‘would’ to say ‘what would i say?’ or ‘I would say.’ For a real condition, can we use ‘will’ instead?
Hi! The money example is tricky. Ultimately, it depends on your intention. If someone is trying to give you money and you ask ‘Why would I keep it?’, you have no intention of keeping the money. If you ask ‘why will I keep the money?’, you are planning on keeping the money and you are thinking about what you are going to spend it on. Regarding ‘What would I say?’, or ‘I’d say’, this is interesting, and I’ve never really thought about it before. In the case of ‘What would I say?’, we use this in hypothetical situations. In a real situation, we would say ‘What will I say?’. You’re right that we use ‘I’d say’ in real situations, so it is logical to think that we could say ‘I’ll say’ instead, but that sounds strange. If someone asks you your opinion about something, it’s normal to respond with ‘I’d say’. I suppose it’s really just another way of saying ‘I think’.
Mam! To say future hypothetical situation we use the first conditional? Suppose there is a situation where ‘I have finished my homework today and my friend says it is good that you have finished your homework today if you kept it for tomorrow you would face problems tomorrow.’ If this is the situation what will my friend say? ‘I got married to her at the age of 28.’ Here who is 28 years old? I or She ?
Hi! For a hypothetical situation, use the 2nd conditional. The 1st conditional is used for a real situation. If I say, ‘I’ve finished my homework today’. My friend says, ‘It’s good that you’ve finished it. If you hadn’t finished it, you would face problems tomorrow.’ - this is a mixed conditional. (If clause = 3rd conditional + main clause = 2nd conditional). I have a video which explains this topic: th-cam.com/video/XTedn0mhGuU/w-d-xo.html ‘I got married to her at the age of 28’. The prepositional phrase ‘at the age of 28’ refers to the subject ‘I’. We don’t know how old she is, but we know the speaker got married at the age of 28.
If you were in a market, you could offer the seller: 'I'll give you 10 euros for it.' or 'Will you take 10 euros for it?' If you were haggling over the price, you would start lower than that on the assumption that the seller would ask for more money and then you would ultimately settle on the price you were prepared to pay. It might go something like this: A: I'll give you 5 euros for it. B: No, I can't sell it for less than 15. A: How about 7? B: I could go as low as 12. A: I'll give you 10. Final offer! B: OK, sold!
Awesome video Madam. Madam please tell me what is the difference in the meanings of these three sentences.? 👇👇👇 - I am bored. - I am getting bored. - I have got bored. When to speak which sentence???
Thank you! - 'I'm bored' - right now. 'I'm bored because this is a boring film. Let's watch something different.' - 'I'm getting bored' - I'm in the process of becoming bored. I am just starting to feel bored. As above, you could say 'I'm getting bored. Let's watch something else.' - 'I've got bored.' - I probably wouldn't say this, though it is grammatically correct. Like 'I'm bored', it means that you are bored now. You became bored a short time ago, and you are still bored now.
Hi mam! Can we use ‘Until’ or ‘as long as’ followed by a negative statement? Ex- ‘Wait until/as long as he doesn’t come.’ Mam! Is it correct to use ‘would’ to express willingness or imagination in the present? Ex- if i say ‘I wouldn’t answer ur question.’ Does it mean I’m not willing to answer or i was not willing?
Hi! Good question! We can use a negative with ‘as long as’: ‘As long as they don’t notice, we won’t tell them.’ I’ll come to the party as long as he doesn’t come.’ It isn’t usual to use a negative with ‘until’, but it is possible: ‘I’ll keep using this dictionary until I don’t need it anymore.’ Regarding ‘would’, it depends on the context. If you were asking a hypothetical question about my willingness to do something in the present, I could answer it with a present meaning: ‘If I asked you this question now, would you answer it?’ ‘No, I wouldn’t answer it.’ In a different context, it would have a past meaning: ‘He asked me a personal question yesterday, but I wouldn’t answer it.’ (I wasn’t willing to answer it).
@@EnglishWithEm Hi mam! Regarding your example ‘He asked me a personal question yesterday,but I wouldn’t answer it.’ In this case did I answer the question or not? Regarding the use of ‘since’ are these following sentences correct? 1- The shop has been open since 9am. 2- I have have finished my homework since morning. 3-They have been married since 2003 Suppose I am at a restaurant and waiter asks me for order and i say ‘I will have…’ ‘I would have…’ in this case what is correct ‘will’ or ‘would’?
@@omprakashmohapatra1940 Hi! Sorry for the delay… I’ve got a lot of work on at the moment! If someone asked me to do something, but I wouldn’t do it, it means that I didn’t do it. ‘The shop has been open since 9am’ and ‘they have been married since 2003’ are both correct. It is typical to say ‘have been + adjective + since’ to indicate that a state has been in progress since a specific past time. This is the case with your 2 correct examples. ‘I have finished my homework since morning’ is incorrect. In this case, you are referring to an action ‘finished my homework’, not a state. To say that an action has been in progress since a specific past time, you need to use the present perfect continuous - I have been working since 9am. If you said ‘I have been finishing my homework since morning’, it would sound a bit strange. Doing your homework may take many hours, but finishing refers to the end of the action and probably wouldn’t take such a long time. If you are giving your order in a restaurant, it is typical to say ‘I will have…’, usually contracted to ‘I’ll have…’. If you say ‘I’d have…’ it would be followed by a conditional. For example, ‘I would have fish, but you don’t have it on the menu’ (so I can’t have it).
@@omprakashmohapatra1940 July and August are my busiest months. I work at a university preparing international students to do their master's degrees in English. They have a lot of assessments, so there is a lot of marking to do!
Mam! What is the difference between ‘I am back to London’ ‘I am back in London’ Someone tweeted ‘I am paying taxes from last 5 years.’ Is it a correct sentence? Or ‘I have been paying taxes for last 5 years.’ Is correct. If we need to mention the starting and end of an event then we use ‘from 2000 to 2005’
Hi! I can’t think of a time when we would say ‘I’m back to London’. We would say ‘I’m going back to London’, or ‘I’m heading back to London’, to indicate that we were going to travel to London again. ‘I’m back in London’ means that I am in London now after a period of not being in London. I was in London, then I went somewhere else, then I returned to London and now I’m back in London. Grammatically, the tweet is incorrect. I think what they are probably saying is that they are paying taxes for the last five years. This would happen if the person didn’t pay their taxes for 5 years and then had to pay them all at once. If you said ‘I’ve been paying taxes for the last five years’, this means that you started paying taxes 5 years ago, you have been paying them during that time, and you are still paying them now. This would suggest that the person just started working 5 years ago. 'From 2000 to 2005' is correct. 😁
![Modal Verbs of Deduction: Present Tense [English Grammar] (describe a photo)](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/RVr8fMWHTQ0/mqdefault.jpg)
![Modal Verbs of Deduction: Present Tense [English Grammar] (describe a photo)](/img/tr.png)
Love not only you, but the way you teaching
Thank you!
Thanks Em for this useful video.
My pleasure. Glad you found it helpful 😊🌻
Hi, Em. What modal or other structure would express 100% certainty in the present and the past? Thanks for posting.
Hi! To express facts, we use the present/past simple tenses.
She must be happy (I'm 99% sure).
She is happy (100% - this is a fact).
He can't have gone (I'm 99% sure).
He didn't go (100% - this is a fact).
😊🌻
Thanks for writing back.
How about Future Perfect, which is also used to deduce stuff, as in You'll have heard that etc...? How would you rate that percentage-wise?
@@ВиталийСлонов-ч4ъ You're welcome. That's generally used rhetorically, in the same way that we use tag questions. We expect that the person has heard, though we are not 100% sure.
Hi Emma!
Thanks for the video. I found it very useful.
However, I have a question about contractions. Do you contract "would" after question words like what where who how.....?
Thank you!
Have a nice time
Hi Bubble!
You're welcome. Yes, we do. I'll make a video about it! 😊🌻
Hi mam!
To talk about past before past 'past modals' are used?
Ex- Where were you last night?
I don't remember, i might have gone to my friend's house.
Here 'might have' is correct?
Yes, that's correct 👌🌻
Thanks a lot your's explanation is so good l really like u 🎉🎉
You're very welcome, and thank you! 😊🌻
@@EnglishWithEm you're welcome miss
I wish you make a video of common verbs with phonetics and examles a compact one
Examples
@@HadfiTaher I have an irregular verbs playlist if you're interested: th-cam.com/play/PLuC54G6Zw3ei4T8lMEKx4_Z4cjZ8LqHKG.html
😊🌻
Hello Emma! I'm so confused..could you please help me to understand one thing..if my friend asks me why I didn't say hi to our mutual friend at the party.and I deduce that I just probably didn't see/notice him (I'm sure)because too many people were there.. otherwise I would have come up to them..how should I say it.. I must have not seen him otherwise I would've said hi or I can'have seen him otherwise I...or I might not have seen him...Thank you in advance!
Hi! In this case, I would simply say 'I didn't see him.' You are not making a deduction because you know it is a fact that you didn't see him. If you don't remember, you could say, 'I can't have seen him. If I had seen him, I would have said hello to him.' 🌻
@@EnglishWithEm Thank you a lot!
@@ПЕ24 You're welcome 😊🌻
Hi!
1- It's 10 am he must've gone to the office. Is this correct example of past deduction?
In this situation is it correct to say
'It's 10am he would have gone to the office'.
Yes, 'He must've gone...' is correct.
No, I woudn't say 'He would have gone' because this indicates that he didn't go. It's one half of a second conditional sentence - He would have gone if he hadn't been unwell.
Hello Emma! I was wondering if you would please give us a short lesson whenever you can by all means. by telling the difference between * So and Too* ex: so tired vs too tired. too kind vs so kind. so expensive vs too expensive and so on..Thanks a lot in advance.
Yes, of course! I'll aim to get it done this weekend
You are a star / legend. Thanks ever SO much!
5:26 they would never have seen the game before? Can i say this?? Because can't have + v3 makes me feel that there has been some possibility or potential occurence to happen but would have + v3 like more about just action itself (point to point and no other reason why do these people seem like etc..) But still if i say they wouldn't have seen then what would be the exact difference than i say they can't have seen? And mam related to this i would like to know that suppose i randomly ask a question about a movie or topic to a person and at the same time I'm hoping too "So I'm going to ask a question about that movie and i hope so you have watched that movie OR i hope you would have watched that movie" ??? Or maybe i hope you watched that movie??? So which one is correct in this situation because I have no idea even whether he knows(will know or would have known) the name of this film or not why does here suit DEFINITE TENSE ?
Hi!
They can’t have seen it before - is appropriate because no matter how much it appears that they haven’t seen it, we can’t be 100% certain.
You could say ‘They obviously haven’t seen it before’. Using ‘obviously’ shows that you are 100% convinced they haven’t seen it because of their reaction, even though you can’t prove it.
I wouldn’t use ‘They would never have seen it before’ because that is used for past unreal conditionals. It doesn’t work in this context because it means that they have seen it.
They wouldn’t have seen it if they’d gone out (unreal past), but they didn’t go out, so they did see it (real past). Check out my video on the third conditional for more about this (link in the wish/if only playlist I shared with you).
The final point isn’t really related. The appropriate tense is the present perfect because you are asking about an experience in a person’s life at an unspecified time - I hope you have seen it (at some time during your life). I have a video all about this tense: th-cam.com/video/brJU4sw6EZ8/w-d-xo.html and a present perfect playlist: th-cam.com/play/PLuC54G6Zw3ejGQ-6trRmQxWrAGT5p_3NI.html
Thrilled to have stumbled upon your stupendous channel. I don't suppose you would mind me asking you, where your accent is from, would you by any chance as long as it's no trouble of course! it's sounds to me as though from north west of England. Greetings from Casablanca .
Thank you! I'm so glad you like the channel. I don't mind at all. I'm from a small town just south of London. I suppose my accent would be considered 'BBC English'. As a child, if I didn't speak clearly, my mum wouldn't respond! 😂
Thanks for your response. I do hope and pray at the same time that we will be able to see more of you in near future. far gesund for now 👋 by the way: do people still use this word in UK to say goodbye?
You don't sound cockney at all. You must've been born miles away from St Mary le Bow's bells church.
@@pussycatlover6522 I had never heard 'far gesund' before, so I asked Google. Apparently it is old English, so not in use these days. We usually say 'bye for now', 'ciao for now', 'see you', or just 'bye'
@@pussycatlover6522 there are a lot of different accents in London and cockney is just one of them. There are also a lot of people with an accent like mine, which I think of as being Southern, rather than specifically London.
Few people went to the lecture about animal sounds: she could/must have been very disappointed.
Hello! In this case, are both options correct? I'd say that "must" is more natural, while "could" sounds a bit strange, but somehow acceptable. Thanks a lot for your help!
Hi Marco, I agree that 'must' is more appropriate in this case. If I had given a lecture and only a small number of people attended, I would be disappointed. Therefore, I think it's reasonable to assume that she must have been very disappointed.
Arguably, 'could' also works, because we don't know for sure that she was hoping for a large audience. Maybe she feels anxious about public speaking, in which case she would have been glad to have a smaller audience!
Ultimately, although you could argue a case for using 'could', if you were in an exam, 'must' would definitely be the correct answer.
@@EnglishWithEmI'm so grateful!!! I really appreciate your help!
@@marcogaiotto2028 No problem. I'm happy to help! 😊
Hi mam!
This video was helpful.In this case we can’t use ‘Can have +V3’?
In the example ‘He can’t have earned the money.’ Here ‘earned’ means his own money?
Hi! I’m glad it was helpful!
That’s correct, ‘can have + V3’ doesn’t exist as a structure.
To ‘earn’ money means to obtain it as a result of working, so if you earn money, the money belongs to you. The money you earn is also referred to as your ‘salary’, ‘wages’, ‘pay’. Examples in use:
‘An accountant in the UK typically earns around £30,000 per year.’
‘How much did he earn last month?’
‘She didn’t earn her money. She’s rich because she won the lottery!’
Hi mam! How are you?
‘I have lived in London for 3years.’
Does it indicate both the finished and unfinished time? Or only unfinished time? I still live in London.
Hi! I'm fine thanks. How about you?
This is an example of unfinished time. The Present Perfect is named that way because there is always a connection with the present. Even if the action is finished, there is some relationship with the present.
If you want to refer to finished time, you should use the Past Simple.
'I lived in London for 3 years.' - The action is finished. I don't live in London now.
'I have lived in London for 3 years.' - The action is ongoing. I still live in London now.
'I drank 2 cups of coffee this morning.' - Morning is now finished. It is the afternoon, evening, or night.
'I have drunk 2 cups of coffee this morning.' - It is still morning now.
Hi mam!
‘He shouldn’t have got married’
is this an example of past modal of deduction?
‘How can/could you forget my birthday?’ Here both ‘can’ and ‘could’ are correct?
Hi! ‘He shouldn’t have got married’ is not a modal of deduction. We use past modals of deduction (must have, can’t have, may/might/could have) to make educated guesses about the past. In the case of ‘shouldn’t have’, we know that he got married, so there is no guessing involved. It is used to say that we disagree with a past action. Some examples:
I got up late and didn’t have time for breakfast. I should have got up earlier.
I failed my exam. I should have studied more.
I feel sick. I shouldn’t have eaten so much.
Regarding ‘How could you forget my birthday?’ - In this case it is logical that you would ask this question after someone had forgotten your birthday. Therefore ‘could’ is the only correct option.
Thank you!!!
You're very welcome!
Madam.!
How to make "Close-ended" & "Open-ended" questions using past modal verbs ( May/might/could + have + past participle.) ????
Typically, a closed question would start with the modal verb - Could you have left your phone at home? (yes/no). Might you have studied English if you hadn't studied French? (yes/no).
Open questions start with question words - Where could you have left your phone? (I think I must have left it at home). What might you have studied if you hadn't studied French? (I might have studied English).
I can't thank you enough. 😊😊🥰
Hi mam!
Regarding the use of ‘it’s been’ is it correct to say ‘It’s been 3 days to deliver the parcel.’ Does it mean the parcel is undelivered?
‘It’s been 5 years since I started my business.’ Here am I still doing the business?
'It's been 5 years since I started my business.' is correct and it means that now you are running the business (running, not doing). You started the business 5 years ago, and you have been running it since then.
We say 'It's been + period of time + since' to indicate that a period of time has passed since an action happened or was started.
'It's been 3 days since I moved to this town' = I moved to this town 3 days ago.
'It's been 2 months since I've seen my brother' = I saw my brother 2 months ago.
'It's been 5 hours since I started this project' = I started this project five hours ago.
It isn't correct to say 'It's been 3 days to deliver the parcel.' The verb 'to be' refers to a state, but here you are talking about an action.
You could say 'It's been 3 days since the parcel was delivered' = the parcel was delivered 3 days ago.
If you want to indicate that a period of time has been necessary in order to complete an action, you can say 'it's taken + period of time + to do'.
'It's taken 3 days to deliver the parcel.' = the action of delivering the parcel has taken 3 days. If you ordered it on Monday, it was not delivered until Thursday. It took 3 days to complete the action.
'It's taken me 2 hours to complete the work.' = the action of completing the work has taken 2 hours. I started the work at 4 o'clock and I didn't finish it until 6 o'clock.
Mam!
Is there any rule to know whether to use ‘will’ or ‘would’ in a condition when someone trying to express his willingness?
Suppose someone giving me some money and I’m not willing to keep it
What would/will i say?
‘Why will/ would i keep the money?’
‘I won’t/wouldn’t keep the money.’
This is really confusing for me
Hi! To express willingness in the present tense, use ‘will’. ‘Yes, I will help you.’ ‘No I won’t do that.’
To express willingness in the past tense, use ‘would’. ‘He asked me to help him, but I wouldn’t.’ ‘They wanted me to give them the answer, but I wouldn’t do it.’
For conditional willingness, it depends on whether the condition is real (likely), or unreal (unlikely).
For something that is real/possible/likely, use ‘will’.
‘If I cook, will you wash up?’
For something that is unreal/impossible/hypothetical, use ‘would’.
‘If you found a wallet on the street, would you keep it?’.
However, the confusion arises because of politeness!
If you are talking about willingness in the present, it is often because you are asking someone to do something for you, so you are more polite. The more polite form of ‘will’ is ‘would’, so you might hear someone say ‘If I cook, would you wash up? - this is referring to willingness in the present tense, but in a more polite way!
@@EnglishWithEm Hi mam!
Regarding the use of ‘will’ and ‘would’ in your last example,
if someone is giving me some money I don’t want to keep it, this is a real situation so i can say ‘why will I keep your money?’ Instead of ‘would’?
If i take another example we usually use ‘would’ to say ‘what would i say?’ or ‘I would say.’ For a real condition, can we use ‘will’ instead?
Hi! The money example is tricky. Ultimately, it depends on your intention. If someone is trying to give you money and you ask ‘Why would I keep it?’, you have no intention of keeping the money. If you ask ‘why will I keep the money?’, you are planning on keeping the money and you are thinking about what you are going to spend it on.
Regarding ‘What would I say?’, or ‘I’d say’, this is interesting, and I’ve never really thought about it before. In the case of ‘What would I say?’, we use this in hypothetical situations. In a real situation, we would say ‘What will I say?’.
You’re right that we use ‘I’d say’ in real situations, so it is logical to think that we could say ‘I’ll say’ instead, but that sounds strange. If someone asks you your opinion about something, it’s normal to respond with ‘I’d say’. I suppose it’s really just another way of saying ‘I think’.
Mam!
To say future hypothetical situation we use the first conditional?
Suppose there is a situation where
‘I have finished my homework today and my friend says it is good that you have finished your homework today if you kept it for tomorrow you would face problems tomorrow.’ If this is the situation what will my friend say?
‘I got married to her at the age of 28.’ Here who is 28 years old? I or She ?
Hi! For a hypothetical situation, use the 2nd conditional. The 1st conditional is used for a real situation.
If I say, ‘I’ve finished my homework today’.
My friend says, ‘It’s good that you’ve finished it. If you hadn’t finished it, you would face problems tomorrow.’ - this is a mixed conditional. (If clause = 3rd conditional + main clause = 2nd conditional). I have a video which explains this topic: th-cam.com/video/XTedn0mhGuU/w-d-xo.html
‘I got married to her at the age of 28’. The prepositional phrase ‘at the age of 28’ refers to the subject ‘I’. We don’t know how old she is, but we know the speaker got married at the age of 28.
Mam!
Suppose you want to buy something and you want it in exchange of 10 euros how would you say?
‘Give it to me for 10 euros?’
If you were in a market, you could offer the seller: 'I'll give you 10 euros for it.'
or
'Will you take 10 euros for it?'
If you were haggling over the price, you would start lower than that on the assumption that the seller would ask for more money and then you would ultimately settle on the price you were prepared to pay.
It might go something like this:
A: I'll give you 5 euros for it.
B: No, I can't sell it for less than 15.
A: How about 7?
B: I could go as low as 12.
A: I'll give you 10. Final offer!
B: OK, sold!
Awesome video Madam.
Madam please tell me what is the difference in the meanings of these three sentences.? 👇👇👇
- I am bored.
- I am getting bored.
- I have got bored.
When to speak which sentence???
Thank you!
- 'I'm bored' - right now. 'I'm bored because this is a boring film. Let's watch something different.'
- 'I'm getting bored' - I'm in the process of becoming bored. I am just starting to feel bored. As above, you could say 'I'm getting bored. Let's watch something else.'
- 'I've got bored.' - I probably wouldn't say this, though it is grammatically correct. Like 'I'm bored', it means that you are bored now. You became bored a short time ago, and you are still bored now.
@@EnglishWithEm
Thank you so much Madam.! 😊😊🥰
@@HiteshKumar-nx5wc You're very welcome! 😊🌻
@@EnglishWithEm
May you touch great heights on TH-cam.!!! 😊😊🥰
@@HiteshKumar-nx5wc Thank you very much 🤞🤞🙏🙏🌻🌻
Hi mam!
Can we use ‘Until’ or ‘as long as’ followed by a negative statement?
Ex- ‘Wait until/as long as he doesn’t come.’
Mam! Is it correct to use ‘would’ to express willingness or imagination in the present?
Ex- if i say ‘I wouldn’t answer ur question.’ Does it mean I’m not willing to answer or i was not willing?
Hi! Good question!
We can use a negative with ‘as long as’:
‘As long as they don’t notice, we won’t tell them.’
I’ll come to the party as long as he doesn’t come.’
It isn’t usual to use a negative with ‘until’, but it is possible:
‘I’ll keep using this dictionary until I don’t need it anymore.’
Regarding ‘would’, it depends on the context. If you were asking a hypothetical question about my willingness to do something in the present, I could answer it with a present meaning:
‘If I asked you this question now, would you answer it?’ ‘No, I wouldn’t answer it.’
In a different context, it would have a past meaning:
‘He asked me a personal question yesterday, but I wouldn’t answer it.’ (I wasn’t willing to answer it).
@@EnglishWithEm Hi mam!
Regarding your example
‘He asked me a personal question yesterday,but I wouldn’t answer it.’
In this case did I answer the question or not?
Regarding the use of ‘since’ are these following sentences correct?
1- The shop has been open since 9am.
2- I have have finished my homework since morning.
3-They have been married since 2003
Suppose I am at a restaurant and waiter asks me for order and i say
‘I will have…’
‘I would have…’ in this case what is correct ‘will’ or ‘would’?
@@omprakashmohapatra1940 Hi! Sorry for the delay… I’ve got a lot of work on at the moment!
If someone asked me to do something, but I wouldn’t do it, it means that I didn’t do it.
‘The shop has been open since 9am’ and ‘they have been married since 2003’ are both correct. It is typical to say ‘have been + adjective + since’ to indicate that a state has been in progress since a specific past time. This is the case with your 2 correct examples.
‘I have finished my homework since morning’ is incorrect. In this case, you are referring to an action ‘finished my homework’, not a state. To say that an action has been in progress since a specific past time, you need to use the present perfect continuous - I have been working since 9am.
If you said ‘I have been finishing my homework since morning’, it would sound a bit strange. Doing your homework may take many hours, but finishing refers to the end of the action and probably wouldn’t take such a long time.
If you are giving your order in a restaurant, it is typical to say ‘I will have…’, usually contracted to ‘I’ll have…’.
If you say ‘I’d have…’ it would be followed by a conditional. For example, ‘I would have fish, but you don’t have it on the menu’ (so I can’t have it).
@@EnglishWithEm Actually mam i was little worried about the delay because normally you reply within 6-8 hrs.
@@omprakashmohapatra1940 July and August are my busiest months. I work at a university preparing international students to do their master's degrees in English. They have a lot of assessments, so there is a lot of marking to do!
Mam!
What is the difference between
‘I am back to London’
‘I am back in London’
Someone tweeted
‘I am paying taxes from last 5 years.’ Is it a correct sentence? Or
‘I have been paying taxes for last 5 years.’ Is correct.
If we need to mention the starting and end of an event then we use ‘from 2000 to 2005’
Hi! I can’t think of a time when we would say ‘I’m back to London’. We would say ‘I’m going back to London’, or ‘I’m heading back to London’, to indicate that we were going to travel to London again.
‘I’m back in London’ means that I am in London now after a period of not being in London. I was in London, then I went somewhere else, then I returned to London and now I’m back in London.
Grammatically, the tweet is incorrect. I think what they are probably saying is that they are paying taxes for the last five years. This would happen if the person didn’t pay their taxes for 5 years and then had to pay them all at once.
If you said ‘I’ve been paying taxes for the last five years’, this means that you started paying taxes 5 years ago, you have been paying them during that time, and you are still paying them now. This would suggest that the person just started working 5 years ago.
'From 2000 to 2005' is correct. 😁