The moment I knew Paul was my favorite teacher was when he felt the need to re-square his boards because it bothered him - then explain it bothered him. His organization makes me so happy. I’ve been binging all of these over my 2020 Xmas break. Thanks, Paul, for putting these learnings together! You’re an EXCELLENT teacher.
Having things square (in alignment) is an OCD trait of mine. I also obsess over things like keeping my cash all facing the same way front side up and stacked in denominational order. A picture on the wall makes me crazy if it is off level by 2 degrees. Grid-lined paper is greater than sliced bread to me.
@@arubaguy2733 "keeping my cash all facing the same way front side up and stacked in denominational order." YES. bonus points if you flatten bent corners on bills
I have worked all my life in the electrical/electronic field And I Wished I had a Tutor like you . I'm now in my seventies and still learning Thanks Paul You are the best .
Your explanations are great: I'm a total novice and yet I understood perfectly everything you talked about. Plus, I love the fact you're teaching things that allow us to understand what's going on, instead of just telling (for example) that PWM works the way it does "because it does". I'm really glad I've found your videos!
Great lesson. I finally understand pulse with modulation. Showing the O scope and what you call rambling (which helped me associate previous knowledge with this lessons knowledge) was perfect. Keep the rambling!!! And thank you!!!
I am a senior Electrical Engineering major at a good school and I didn't understand PWM at all when it was taught to me. Now it makes complete sense. Thank you so much Paul!
I didn't really understand Pulse Width Modulation before but I do now. Watching you build the circuit, then actually seeing a pictorial representation of what's happening as you changed the values in the program really made it clear. A lot clearer than reading an explanation in a book.
I'm a 50 year old technician that went to tech school before PC's were popular. Maybe it's the fact that I'm mature now and have a greater attention span but I think you are just a kind soul and it translates to a good teaching style. You are definitely taking the apprehension I had in learning Arduino and the associated programming to a manageable level. I've thoroughly enjoyed your lessons and look forward to learning more.
I might have learned this few decades ago and have forgotten, but the way that you have explained PWM is embedded such that it will never be forgotten. Thank you.
Squaring things up? I have a friend with a framed picture of the leaning tower of Pisa. Every time the trains go past, her picture moves off level and presents the tower vertically... I straighten the picture and then - the tower's back on the hur. Drives me nuts! When I was diagnosed OCD I changed that to CDO - all alphabetically correct and shipshape! Excellent videos, Paul - thank you.
I've done some research into the capacitor since 7 months ago, and from all the techno lingo, I think I've come to the correct conclusion in this instance, but I wouldn't mind hearing from an expert interpreter!
Hearing you say “hook a brother up” just cracks me up. Seriously though - these tutorials are GREAT! You are an amazing teacher. So clear and concise. Thank you so much.
Even if I'm fast skipping these lessons, because I already know most of it (i studied a technical degree in telecomunications), I think that this is gold for beginners. Well done!
I can see my dream come true only because of your fantastic tutorials. I want to run a CNC machine using Arduino. I will be greatful to you for rest of my life.
@@danieldickinson9167 CNC stands for Computer Numerical Control and it is used to move the several axis of a tool by computer control. Industry uses CNC for welding metals, drilling, cutting and more on many materials. There are CNC drills, milling machines, lathes, routers, plasma cutters, water jet cutters, welders, EDM machines, benders, grinders, and probably many other machines that are CNC. People are now building their own 3D printers which are a type of CNC machine.
Hi Paul. Yes understood PWM. Your teaching is great! I've seen so many poor teaching videos and read some poor books on the subject, that I'd given up. Your tutorials have me looking forward to what you're going to teach us next! As a 73 year old ex I. T. trainer that's praise indeed
These kind of lessons are empowering in the sense that I am learning about what's actually going on rather just putting words into code. It is not boring at all. Understanding the fundamentals is allowing me to think further into the codes and asking myself "what is really going on when I put this code in and is it what I want the Arduino to do?" The more of these kinds of lessons, the more I feel I am gaining in fluid knowledge that I can apply rather than just regurgitating information.
Hi Paul, God bless you for doing this series to teach so many about the basics of Arduino. You are a wonderful and patient teacher. And yes, I also like to arrange things square or in a straight line. This I attributed to the engineering training I got in college. There is an engineer joke that goes like this - the best way to torture an engineer is to tie him to a chair, then proceed to unfold a paper map in front of him, and fold it up the wrong way. Kudos to you and your heart to teach. I am relearning how to use and program the Arduino, with the intention to learn your Robotics series. I hope I might be able to guide and entice my 7-year-old granddaughter to get interested in electronics and robotics. Our country needs more good engineers to be able to compete globally.
I understood that Pulse Width Modulation works for an given Voltage in a given period of 4 milliseconds it stimulates b/w 5 volts and 0 volts and averages out the signal to get the desired o/p and also that capacitors will help us to smooth out the signals in every interval of time when voltage is being applied. Thanks Paul, I understand it clearly you truly are a great teacher and also tech savvy I'm glad I found your channel keep the work up!! ❤
It was interesting that when you dropped the pwm signal to 60 with the capacitor in the circuit the led actually cut out as the forward voltage was too low. This of course doesn’t happen without it as it’s being pulsed with 5v for a short time. So an led can run dimmer with pwm than it can with analog input. That’s really cool!
You sir have a gift for teaching. I have bought your kit and have been enjoying every lesson. Who ever said you can't teach and old dog new tricks has not met you. Thank you very much!!!
Just wanted to thank you for this series. I've been "shotgunning" circuits and code by just copying and making up my own stuff for too long. You really have made understanding what is going on a lot easier!! Having a good teacher that is interested and motivated in the subject makes all the difference in my opinion. Thanks again and let's keep rolling!!
I like that you go through the basics and code before jumping right into fancy sensors and motors like other lessons. You give us a good background and concepts so we create a renown things 👍
I am an automotive instructor, and PWM is our bread and butter nowadays. I always have difficulty teaching this. You have given me some great ideas to give to my students. I am so glad I decided to look for a channel like this. You are awesome!
I loved seeing the voltage on the oscilloscope, it really brings home, in a very visual way, how PWM works. I would love to have seen the Fade sketch on the oscilloscope to see what that would look like. Thanks for another great vid
Well designed course for PWM. Thank you, Paul. I would like to summarize the concept of PWM: a programmer sets the time for a circuit to be on and sets the time for a circuit to be off, in an on-and-off cycle. The result is the final average output voltage is set to a fixed value. To easily undestant the effect of PWM, I do not think the best example is LED brightness. I believe the best example is use PWM to set the speed of a computer fan. Students will be able to visually see and understand PWM can set or change how much wind the fan can blow to them. Thank you, Paul!
my notes for this lesson analogWrite("pinNumber","value between 0-255"); the value 0-255 corresponds to 0-5 volts this command uses - pulse width modulation: this means that the Volts are only either 0 or 5 but pulse on and off at a speed that is dependent on what value you are using. how to view it: imagine a person is running at a speed of 5mph, for 0.1 seconds before they stop for 0.1 seconds. from your perspective it would appear that the person is running at a speed of 2.5mph even though they are actually only ever running at a speed of either 5mph or 0mph
Is it because the image persists in the eye for 0.1 s approximately. So even when it stops our eye continues seeing it for 0.2 secs and that is why it appears that he is slower and running at 2.5 mph?
Hello Paul , I am a student , and I was recommended this channel by a friend , she told me I could learn everything I needed to know concerning Arduino progs, and I am excited , I am learning alot, this is what I wanted , thank you for this sir . 🤗
I don't have someone to teach these Arduino lessons to me, and I really want to learn how to use them. Now, thanks to Paul, I can learn all of the basics and the difficult parts of programming with ease. Thankyou so much for these lessons!
You made it very clear. I don't notice rambling because I play the videos at twice normal speed since I'm able to follow. Everything seemed relevant to my thinking. The series is very helpful as a refresher so far, thanks!
I can't believe that in just three days of watching your videos i can tell an led to be on/off or dim/bright using code🤯 Thank you for passing on your great knowledge 🙏
Hi Paul. loving the videos and looking forward to each one. only thing I noticed is your scope was set to 0.5mS per division and the period was 4.2 divisions. that to me is just a fraction over 2mSec not as you said 4mS. just me being eagle eyed. but loving it. when you getting onto inputting via switches or sensors?. keep up the excellent videos and not tried the ice coffee yet...
@@paulmcwhorter actually you read the period from the screen and the msec/division scaling correctly, you just made a mistake when you used the calculator. You might want to put an overlay of the video at that point with the correct period of 2.1 msec rather than 4.2 msec.
To practice my analogWrite's I designed a breadboard with 4 LEDs and 4 resistors, I grounded them to the rail on the breadboard then provided individual power to the AWM enabled pins. Then I wrote a program where they would light up in sequence getting progressively brighter as they went. I assigned variables to my brightness, the speed, and the pins themsleves, and an off voltage of 0 for the pins that weren't to be illuminated at the specific sequence. It turned out perfectly. I showed my kids how adjusting the variables could turn the speed up and down. They are very curious about this new kit that dad is always messing with ha ha. Maybe one day they will watch your videos as well. Thank you for being such a great teacher!
Thank you for the Arduino Tutorials sir!! I know that capacitor opposes sudden change in voltage. ic = C dV/dt. So, when the pin output goes from LOW to HIGH, capacitor should take large impulse current as dV/dt goes to +inf. Similarly when the pin output goes from HIGH to LOW capacitor should supply large impulse current back to Arduino pin. Is it safe in the long run? Are digital/analog pins capable of taking current from external circuits??
The things you are saying are correct . . . I was just trying to show a quick and dirty demo of how capacitors can turn AC into DC. If you were really going to do this, you should do some circuit design.
It is safe, the Arduino pin when off is effectively floating and does not "sink" current from the cap, and the charge will sink quickly through the LED. Every digital pin is capable of handling 5V. What do you think it is doing for the digitalRead?
as an apprentice electrician who understands the electrial side more than anything else, i think you did an amazing job at explaining PVM. im loving the classes man i wish my electrian classes were this fun! keep it up man!
I fundamentally disagree with this video. It is well understood that good Arduino videos should be accompanied by hot coffee with cream and lots of sugar. 😊
you must have read my mind, PWM is something I wanted to understand better for a project I'd like to tackle later once I get further into your tutorials and understand all this better. But in a nutshell, one of the inputs I want to use will be PWM signal. So this gave me a good basic fundamental understanding of PWM and with this lesson how the Arduino outputs PWM. Hopefully in later lessons I'll learn how to deal with a PWM as an input! Thanks again Paul for a very concise and easy to understand lesson
I had read about PWM before but now I get it. Thanks so much! One thing that would help even more, and maybe you'll do this in later videos, is tell us how you select components. Like you grabbed the 330 ohm resistor in all the previous videos, and here you grabbed a capacitor, but why those particular values? I see how it works, but I won't have confidence in setting up an original circuit of my own yet. I love your teaching, your camera work, the content. I can't get enough!
I am 17 and I am learning this for fun. I can really understand the concepts you give, you are really good teacher. I spend a very good time seeing this videos when stressed about school, they make me relax and learn new things.
This is a fantastic series. I look forward to watching these lessons. I also really look forward to the assignments so I can play around with it and actually know what I'm doing. I've been watching all sorts of videos on electronics components and such over the last couple months. Even ones that say things like "Everything You Should Know About Capacitors" and stuff, but it still didn't really make much sense. When I saw how the capacitor impacted the wave on the Osciloscope I was like "OK I get it now". I feel like my knowledge of electronics is grows exponentially the farther I get in this series. Thanks sooo much! My biggest question right now is why we need a resistor there. I'm not sure what purpose it serves. It seems like we could just cut out the middle man and send the signal straight to the LED, but we run it through a resistor first for some reason.
Paul, thanks for this series. And this was the best one to this point. Not only did I learn about PWM (I had heard of it but didn't know what it meant), but I got to see how an oscilloscope works, what it does and the importance of it when working with electronics. Thank you for that too!
I dropped off the hobby for a bit with learning, but Paul really just makes the learning enjoyable and I feel like I can always come back even if life gets hectic and takes me away for a bit. Thanks Paul!
Just bought my kit yesterday, today is here, programmed some codes , even fading and Im gonna go through all the playlist I hope, just commenting to say thank you for such clear explanation
Yes I do understand pulse width modulation. I did like how you added the capacitor to smooth out the voltage. It helps me understand there function in a circuit.
Hi. I guess pulse width modulation is the technique they use to bring the average voltage down. It makes sense. Paul... you are about as clear and straightforward as anyone I've ever heard. Good job!
I completely understand what you're saying, I'm a mechanic and have worked with electronics for 20 years or more. Really appreciate you going to the trouble of teaching, cheers.
Paul you are a fantastic Guru. I'm a Mechanical Engineer and used to hate these topics because I never understood. Your videos are so smooth, I'm falling in love with the Electronics. If I had discovered you or Guru like you 20 years back, my life would have been different. May be i would have landed in NASA, ISRO... Thanks fall all your support. Let peace prevail.
You are not rambling at all sir!! Everything is sooo clear that even my gf, who has no background whatsoever, is understanding better than I could have ever explained to her. I wish I had a mentor like this back when I studied electronics engineering. I'm watching your lessons just for the sake of it and loving it. Keep it up, I'll keep sharing...
Yes, I now understand pulse width modulation, PWM. Great visual. I like that you keep things neat and organized on the video, it makes it easier to understand.
Made perfect sense. Had never thought about or been shown how we digitally altered voltage like this. I had wondered why you just didn’t hookup a digital multimeter instead of the oscilloscope, until you picked an in between voltage and then went “ah ha”, now I get it.
You are a great teacher, Paul. I have tried to learn these things several times but never went beyond the first lessons. Now I am hooked to your course. The ice coffee may help, but I think it is rather your teaching excellence. Thank you.
You said rambling? I wish I get more of this rambling in your videos so that I can learn things clearly. You, sir are probably the only one on TH-cam who uses an oscilloscope with Arduino to explain things. Even the most sophisticated teachers of Arduino on TH-cam don't bother probing ( pun intended) deep to bring out the facts. Appreciate your efforts whole-heartedly!
I have been wanting to understand PWM for so long and have been looking all over the internet for this. This is by far the best video that explains PWM to me with this oscilloscope. Thanks, Paul for this.
Thank you! This series is excellent. This is probably the best, most understandable explanation of PWM that I've yet seen. "Does this make sense?" Absolutely! Bringing the capacitor into it was brilliant. Gives me a better understanding of those, too! I'm really just starting out learning Arduino coding and electronics, and this series so far is the best for learning that I've tried so far!
I was stuck on a project for my Make Course at USF for a couple of days. After reviewing your video I understood the way in which a capacitor is able to help when smoothing out the curve and giving a steady voltage. Thank you sooo much and you definitely saved my grade!
Great explanation, Paul. My understanding of pulse width modulation (which I had never met before) is that the percentage of the period that the voltage is set to 5 is varied (or modulated) to effectively mimic a level between 0 and 5 volts. Your use of the oscilloscope was a perfect illustration.
I'm just getting into the Arduino as I have many projects in mind. I'm an High Voltage technician so have most of the basics of electrical/electronic engineering but what a gem of information that the Analogue output is really just PWM. That can make such a difference depending on the project. Thanks for the great videos and keep up the good work. I also watch the adverts to make sure that you get rewarded for your efforts.
Paul, you are one of the best teachers I've ever heard. Your knowledge of electronics is simply amazing. I used to watch my dad work with electronics and have always been intrigued. Your videos are very interesting (I didn't think you rambled on), and the way you slowly and simply explain things is exactly how I learn. Thank you for sharing your wealth of knowledge. Yes...I do understand PWM now. Oh...and yes, I need things lined up as well. :-)
Paul, you have been an amazing teacher!! Your lessons have been invaluable and have given me a taste of the true magic which is electrical engineering. Thank you on behalf of us all!
wow! an actual oscilloscope to show the output waveform all my teachers just draw it on the whiteboard -_- im really happy i found this channel and i hope to complete this series and work on some arduino projects myself. thanks a lot Mr.Paul im really greatful!!
Hey Paul, I'm loving these tutorials. I had 0 knowledge of electronics going into this but you explain things in a way that anyone regardless of prior knowledge can understand. What I particularly like about these tutorials is that I already understand programming so I can focus solely on the electronics portion. It also allows me to get creative with my solutions for the assignments you give at the end of the videos too, there are a lot of Eureka! moments that remind me of when I first learned to program. I'm really looking forward to working through your Introduction to Robots series once I complete this one. You rock!
Some of the best camera work I've seen on the internet TH-cam lessons.
agreed, this is honestly amazing
Correct
Definitely. Great performance for continuous recording without weird cut off blips
The moment I knew Paul was my favorite teacher was when he felt the need to re-square his boards because it bothered him - then explain it bothered him. His organization makes me so happy.
I’ve been binging all of these over my 2020 Xmas break. Thanks, Paul, for putting these learnings together! You’re an EXCELLENT teacher.
Having things square (in alignment) is an OCD trait of mine. I also obsess over things like keeping my cash all facing the same way front side up and stacked in denominational order. A picture on the wall makes me crazy if it is off level by 2 degrees. Grid-lined paper is greater than sliced bread to me.
@@arubaguy2733 "keeping my cash all facing the same way front side up and stacked in denominational order." YES. bonus points if you flatten bent corners on bills
the moment i knew was 2 seconds into the first video
the sheer attention to detail sets him apart
cheers!
@@arubaguy2733 It is nice to know I am not alone in this world!
I have worked all my life in the electrical/electronic field And I Wished I had a Tutor like you . I'm now in my seventies and still learning Thanks Paul You are the best .
Your explanations are great: I'm a total novice and yet I understood perfectly everything you talked about.
Plus, I love the fact you're teaching things that allow us to understand what's going on, instead of just telling (for example) that PWM works the way it does "because it does".
I'm really glad I've found your videos!
Awesome, thank you!
64 year old man learning something I never thought I could learn. Thank you Paul. I am really enjoying your style of teaching.
Great to hear!
Great lesson. I finally understand pulse with modulation. Showing the O scope and what you call rambling (which helped me associate previous knowledge with this lessons knowledge) was perfect. Keep the rambling!!! And thank you!!!
You: Trying to set a half brightness to the LED.
LED: -_-
Aight, that's the best joke I've heard all day
Just change int to float and change the number to 127.5
Hahahaha. Nerdy. ❤️
😂😂😂😂😂
you won the internet for a day
"A real way of teaching engineering"
Well explained sir
Really you are a fantastic teacher, it is a good way to explain PWM. now I understand PWM very well! Thanks.
Absolutely agree. Can't imagine it being demonstrated any other way, now that I have seen this lesson. Way to go, Paul!
I am a senior Electrical Engineering major at a good school and I didn't understand PWM at all when it was taught to me. Now it makes complete sense. Thank you so much Paul!
I didn't really understand Pulse Width Modulation before but I do now. Watching you build the circuit, then actually seeing a pictorial representation of what's happening as you changed the values in the program really made it clear. A lot clearer than reading an explanation in a book.
I'm a 50 year old technician that went to tech school before PC's were popular. Maybe it's the fact that I'm mature now and have a greater attention span but I think you are just a kind soul and it translates to a good teaching style. You are definitely taking the apprehension I had in learning Arduino and the associated programming to a manageable level. I've thoroughly enjoyed your lessons and look forward to learning more.
lesson 8 and i've learned a lot about arduino and how to get a "caffeine overdose" from those iced coffee
HAHAH, thanks Paul McWhorter
Excellent..! I bought the kit and trying one by one ..! Success so far..!
I might have learned this few decades ago and have forgotten, but the way that you have explained PWM is embedded such that it will never be forgotten. Thank you.
Excellent!
Squaring things up? I have a friend with a framed picture of the leaning tower of Pisa. Every time the trains go past, her picture moves off level and presents the tower vertically... I straighten the picture and then - the tower's back on the hur. Drives me nuts! When I was diagnosed OCD I changed that to CDO - all alphabetically correct and shipshape!
Excellent videos, Paul - thank you.
PWM is something like turning a light switch on and off fast or slow causing it to be brighter or dimmer. Enjoying your classes. Thanks
I've done some research into the capacitor since 7 months ago, and from all the techno lingo, I think I've come to the correct conclusion in this instance, but I wouldn't mind hearing from an expert interpreter!
Hearing you say “hook a brother up” just cracks me up. Seriously though - these tutorials are GREAT! You are an amazing teacher. So clear and concise. Thank you so much.
Even if I'm fast skipping these lessons, because I already know most of it (i studied a technical degree in telecomunications), I think that this is gold for beginners. Well done!
I can see my dream come true only because of your fantastic tutorials. I want to run a CNC machine using Arduino. I will be greatful to you for rest of my life.
Hows the CNC machine going?
What’s a CNC machine?
@@danieldickinson9167 CNC stands for Computer Numerical Control and it is used to move the several axis of a tool by computer control. Industry uses CNC for welding metals, drilling, cutting and more on many materials. There are CNC drills, milling machines, lathes, routers, plasma cutters, water jet cutters, welders, EDM machines, benders, grinders, and probably many other machines that are CNC. People are now building their own 3D printers which are a type of CNC machine.
Hi Paul. Yes understood PWM. Your teaching is great! I've seen so many poor teaching videos and read some poor books on the subject, that I'd given up. Your tutorials have me looking forward to what you're going to teach us next! As a 73 year old ex I. T. trainer that's praise indeed
These kind of lessons are empowering in the sense that I am learning about what's actually going on rather just putting words into code. It is not boring at all. Understanding the fundamentals is allowing me to think further into the codes and asking myself "what is really going on when I put this code in and is it what I want the Arduino to do?" The more of these kinds of lessons, the more I feel I am gaining in fluid knowledge that I can apply rather than just regurgitating information.
Hi Paul, God bless you for doing this series to teach so many about the basics of Arduino. You are a wonderful and patient teacher.
And yes, I also like to arrange things square or in a straight line. This I attributed to the engineering training I got in college. There is an engineer joke that goes like this - the best way to torture an engineer is to tie him to a chair, then proceed to unfold a paper map in front of him, and fold it up the wrong way.
Kudos to you and your heart to teach. I am relearning how to use and program the Arduino, with the intention to learn your Robotics series. I hope I might be able to guide and entice my 7-year-old granddaughter to get interested in electronics and robotics. Our country needs more good engineers to be able to compete globally.
The amount of preparation and thought that goes in making these videos is heartwarming. You're a fantastic teacher Sir
I understood that Pulse Width Modulation works for an given Voltage in a given period of 4 milliseconds it stimulates b/w 5 volts and 0 volts and averages out the signal to get the desired o/p and also that capacitors will help us to smooth out the signals in every interval of time when voltage is being applied.
Thanks Paul, I understand it clearly you truly are a great teacher and also tech savvy
I'm glad I found your channel keep the work up!! ❤
It was interesting that when you dropped the pwm signal to 60 with the capacitor in the circuit the led actually cut out as the forward voltage was too low. This of course doesn’t happen without it as it’s being pulsed with 5v for a short time. So an led can run dimmer with pwm than it can with analog input. That’s really cool!
You sir have a gift for teaching. I have bought your kit and have been enjoying every lesson. Who ever said you can't teach and old dog new tricks has not met you. Thank you very much!!!
Just wanted to thank you for this series. I've been "shotgunning" circuits and code by just copying and making up my own stuff for too long. You really have made understanding what is going on a lot easier!! Having a good teacher that is interested and motivated in the subject makes all the difference in my opinion. Thanks again and let's keep rolling!!
You are, by far, the best professor I saw talking about the matter!
...and I am an elec. engineer.
Thank you.
I like that you go through the basics and code before jumping right into fancy sensors and motors like other lessons. You give us a good background and concepts so we create a renown things 👍
Though I don't have oscilloscope at home I understood the PWM concept clearly..Thank you..I will start your next lesson tomorrow..
8 lessons in 3 days, and still going strong! I love it, Paul
8 in 2 days mine
that's a lot of coffee!
I am an automotive instructor, and PWM is our bread and butter nowadays. I always have difficulty teaching this. You have given me some great ideas to give to my students. I am so glad I decided to look for a channel like this. You are awesome!
Great to hear!
I loved seeing the voltage on the oscilloscope, it really brings home, in a very visual way, how PWM works. I would love to have seen the Fade sketch on the oscilloscope to see what that would look like. Thanks for another great vid
I am a retired electronic engineer and just now learning c++ and arduino. You are excellent teacher and yes I follow what you are teaching
Sir there could not be an easier video explaining these concepts Bravo and a salute to your efforts 👍
I do understand pulse with modulation!!! What you call rambling is helping associate with prior knowledge, so thank you!!!
Well designed course for PWM. Thank you, Paul.
I would like to summarize the concept of PWM: a programmer sets the time for a circuit to be on and sets the time for a circuit to be off, in an on-and-off cycle. The result is the final average output voltage is set to a fixed value.
To easily undestant the effect of PWM, I do not think the best example is LED brightness. I believe the best example is use PWM to set the speed of a computer fan. Students will be able to visually see and understand PWM can set or change how much wind the fan can blow to them.
Thank you, Paul!
agreed, the eye doesn't respond linearly to brightness
Excellent explanation and demonstration Paul. I’ve certainly heard of PWM before but now have a clear understanding of exactly what it means.
my notes for this lesson
analogWrite("pinNumber","value between 0-255"); the value 0-255 corresponds to 0-5 volts
this command uses - pulse width modulation: this means that the Volts are only either 0 or 5 but pulse on and off at a speed that is dependent on what value you are using.
how to view it: imagine a person is running at a speed of 5mph, for 0.1 seconds before they stop for 0.1 seconds. from your perspective it would appear that the person is running at a speed of 2.5mph even though they are actually only ever running at a speed of either 5mph or 0mph
brilliant
@@MrAshwindersingh well i dont get it. ..
Is it because the image persists in the eye for 0.1 s approximately. So even when it stops our eye continues seeing it for 0.2 secs and that is why it appears that he is slower and running at 2.5 mph?
Hello Paul , I am a student , and I was recommended this channel by a friend , she told me I could learn everything I needed to know concerning Arduino progs, and I am excited , I am learning alot, this is what I wanted , thank you for this sir . 🤗
Dear Paul!
Thank you for this in depth series of the Arduino. This is very promising and I'll can't wait to see all of it.
Thank you again sir!
I don't have someone to teach these Arduino lessons to me, and I really want to learn how to use them. Now, thanks to Paul, I can learn all of the basics and the difficult parts of programming with ease. Thankyou so much for these lessons!
Welcome Abord!
I really love these videos, I’m a freshman doing mechanical engineering! I love these so much thank you
You made it very clear. I don't notice rambling because I play the videos at twice normal speed since I'm able to follow. Everything seemed relevant to my thinking. The series is very helpful as a refresher so far, thanks!
Hey Paul, like always, enjoying and actually learning from these videos, instead of other places. Thanks a lot once again. Keep it up.
I can't believe that in just three days of watching your videos i can tell an led to be on/off or dim/bright using code🤯
Thank you for passing on your great knowledge 🙏
Great to hear!
The arduino simulates the analog voltatage by switching from plus 5v to 0 back and forth in a frequency to get the voltage
unless you use a capacitor right? I'm just asking because im not sure.
@@vitustillebeck yaahh....
I like the fact that you look serious but funny at the same time.
And of course, the wonderful way of explaining stuffs.
A big thumbs up!
I actually regret not seeing this sooner
Just as an FYI- I bought the kit through the link in your video to ensure you'd get the commission. These lessons are incredible.
who is here in this quarantine
i am doing this is surprising how many items we use every day could be working with there's
Week 10 (excluding school holidays) of lockdown in Scotland here :-)
me i loved this class
Me!
Philippines on lock down here!
The way you explain it, it is easy to understand. Love learning about this stuff.
Hi Paul. loving the videos and looking forward to each one. only thing I noticed is your scope was set to 0.5mS per division and the period was 4.2 divisions. that to me is just a fraction over 2mSec not as you said 4mS. just me being eagle eyed. but loving it. when you getting onto inputting via switches or sensors?. keep up the excellent videos and not tried the ice coffee yet...
I could have misread it, thanks for the observation.
Not drinking Ice Coffee could get you banned from the channel, though:)
@@paulmcwhorter Now Paul, you know it's really tea in that cup. HaHa. Fantastic tutorial series so far! Learning so much. Thanks
@@paulmcwhorter actually you read the period from the screen and the msec/division scaling correctly, you just made a mistake when you used the calculator. You might want to put an overlay of the video at that point with the correct period of 2.1 msec rather than 4.2 msec.
To practice my analogWrite's I designed a breadboard with 4 LEDs and 4 resistors, I grounded them to the rail on the breadboard then provided individual power to the AWM enabled pins. Then I wrote a program where they would light up in sequence getting progressively brighter as they went. I assigned variables to my brightness, the speed, and the pins themsleves, and an off voltage of 0 for the pins that weren't to be illuminated at the specific sequence. It turned out perfectly. I showed my kids how adjusting the variables could turn the speed up and down. They are very curious about this new kit that dad is always messing with ha ha. Maybe one day they will watch your videos as well. Thank you for being such a great teacher!
Thank you for the Arduino Tutorials sir!!
I know that capacitor opposes sudden change in voltage. ic = C dV/dt. So, when the pin output goes from LOW to HIGH, capacitor should take large impulse current as dV/dt goes to +inf. Similarly when the pin output goes from HIGH to LOW capacitor should supply large impulse current back to Arduino pin.
Is it safe in the long run? Are digital/analog pins capable of taking current from external circuits??
The things you are saying are correct . . . I was just trying to show a quick and dirty demo of how capacitors can turn AC into DC. If you were really going to do this, you should do some circuit design.
It is safe, the Arduino pin when off is effectively floating and does not "sink" current from the cap, and the charge will sink quickly through the LED. Every digital pin is capable of handling 5V. What do you think it is doing for the digitalRead?
as an apprentice electrician who understands the electrial side more than anything else, i think you did an amazing job at explaining PVM. im loving the classes man i wish my electrian classes were this fun! keep it up man!
I fundamentally disagree with this video. It is well understood that good Arduino videos should be accompanied by hot coffee with cream and lots of sugar. 😊
BANNED!
😂
@@paulmcwhorter lol. Merry Christmas.
😂
@@paulmcwhorter😂😂😂😂😂😂
you must have read my mind, PWM is something I wanted to understand better for a project I'd like to tackle later once I get further into your tutorials and understand all this better. But in a nutshell, one of the inputs I want to use will be PWM signal. So this gave me a good basic fundamental understanding of PWM and with this lesson how the Arduino outputs PWM. Hopefully in later lessons I'll learn how to deal with a PWM as an input!
Thanks again Paul for a very concise and easy to understand lesson
I had read about PWM before but now I get it. Thanks so much!
One thing that would help even more, and maybe you'll do this in later videos, is tell us how you select components. Like you grabbed the 330 ohm resistor in all the previous videos, and here you grabbed a capacitor, but why those particular values? I see how it works, but I won't have confidence in setting up an original circuit of my own yet.
I love your teaching, your camera work, the content. I can't get enough!
I am 17 and I am learning this for fun. I can really understand the concepts you give, you are really good teacher. I spend a very good time seeing this videos when stressed about school, they make me relax and learn new things.
Excellent! Learning this material is a very good use of your time, and will pay off handsomely for you.
No doubt this is one of the best lessons explaining PWM!
This is a fantastic series. I look forward to watching these lessons. I also really look forward to the assignments so I can play around with it and actually know what I'm doing. I've been watching all sorts of videos on electronics components and such over the last couple months. Even ones that say things like "Everything You Should Know About Capacitors" and stuff, but it still didn't really make much sense. When I saw how the capacitor impacted the wave on the Osciloscope I was like "OK I get it now". I feel like my knowledge of electronics is grows exponentially the farther I get in this series. Thanks sooo much!
My biggest question right now is why we need a resistor there. I'm not sure what purpose it serves. It seems like we could just cut out the middle man and send the signal straight to the LED, but we run it through a resistor first for some reason.
You may think you are rambling, but it helps answer questions that pop into my head while going through the tutorials. Please keep the rambling.
Paul, thanks for this series. And this was the best one to this point. Not only did I learn about PWM (I had heard of it but didn't know what it meant), but I got to see how an oscilloscope works, what it does and the importance of it when working with electronics. Thank you for that too!
Great to hear!
I dropped off the hobby for a bit with learning, but Paul really just makes the learning enjoyable and I feel like I can always come back even if life gets hectic and takes me away for a bit. Thanks Paul!
Just bought my kit yesterday, today is here, programmed some codes , even fading and Im gonna go through all the playlist I hope, just commenting to say thank you for such clear explanation
Yes I do understand pulse width modulation. I did like how you added the capacitor to smooth out the voltage. It helps me understand there function in a circuit.
Yes, I understand. As I commented earlier, I am using your course as a refresher. I learned all this almost 50 years ago.
Hi. I guess pulse width modulation is the technique they use to bring the average voltage down. It makes sense. Paul... you are about as clear and straightforward as anyone I've ever heard. Good job!
Can’t get enough of your videos it feels like I’m back in school in the best way possible!
I completely understand what you're saying, I'm a mechanic and have worked with electronics for 20 years or more. Really appreciate you going to the trouble of teaching, cheers.
Paul you are a fantastic Guru. I'm a Mechanical Engineer and used to hate these topics because I never understood. Your videos are so smooth, I'm falling in love with the Electronics. If I had discovered you or Guru like you 20 years back, my life would have been different. May be i would have landed in NASA, ISRO... Thanks fall all your support. Let peace prevail.
I've taken many arduino classes before, but this is the only video that actually helped me understand what pulse width modulation actually was
You are not rambling at all sir!! Everything is sooo clear that even my gf, who has no background whatsoever, is understanding better than I could have ever explained to her. I wish I had a mentor like this back when I studied electronics engineering. I'm watching your lessons just for the sake of it and loving it. Keep it up, I'll keep sharing...
Best explanation about pulse width modulation that I could find over internet. Thanks for teaching me
Yes, I now understand pulse width modulation, PWM. Great visual.
I like that you keep things neat and organized on the video, it makes it easier to understand.
Made perfect sense. Had never thought about or been shown how we digitally altered voltage like this. I had wondered why you just didn’t hookup a digital multimeter instead of the oscilloscope, until you picked an in between voltage and then went “ah ha”, now I get it.
You are a great teacher, Paul. I have tried to learn these things several times but never went beyond the first lessons. Now I am hooked to your course. The ice coffee may help, but I think it is rather your teaching excellence. Thank you.
I'm 48 going through this with my 10 year old. Excellent teaching, thank you so much.
Excellent! Wonderful memories for your son, that his father cared enough to spend time with him.
Im so happy my friend sent you page over to me. You're a great teacher!!
you deserve more like I also excited to be with you on this channel
You said rambling? I wish I get more of this rambling in your videos so that I can learn things clearly. You, sir are probably the only one on TH-cam who uses an oscilloscope with Arduino to explain things. Even the most sophisticated teachers of Arduino on TH-cam don't bother probing ( pun intended) deep to bring out the facts. Appreciate your efforts whole-heartedly!
Noted
I have been wanting to understand PWM for so long and have been looking all over the internet for this. This is by far the best video that explains PWM to me with this oscilloscope. Thanks, Paul for this.
Thank you! This series is excellent. This is probably the best, most understandable explanation of PWM that I've yet seen.
"Does this make sense?"
Absolutely! Bringing the capacitor into it was brilliant. Gives me a better understanding of those, too!
I'm really just starting out learning Arduino coding and electronics, and this series so far is the best for learning that I've tried so far!
Thanks a lot M. McWorther, your explanations over all that you teach are cristal clear, even for a french Canadian guy. Have a good day.
I was stuck on a project for my Make Course at USF for a couple of days. After reviewing your video I understood the way in which a capacitor is able to help when smoothing out the curve and giving a steady voltage. Thank you sooo much and you definitely saved my grade!
Great explanation, Paul. My understanding of pulse width modulation (which I had never met before) is that the percentage of the period that the voltage is set to 5 is varied (or modulated) to effectively mimic a level between 0 and 5 volts. Your use of the oscilloscope was a perfect illustration.
I enjoyed the class, great demo of the O-scope. Made PWM very clear and showed exactly what was going on. Thanks
Great job, Paul! I'm an old retired dude and I'm having so much fun with these lessons.
Great to hear!
I'm just getting into the Arduino as I have many projects in mind. I'm an High Voltage technician so have most of the basics of electrical/electronic engineering but what a gem of information that the Analogue output is really just PWM. That can make such a difference depending on the project. Thanks for the great videos and keep up the good work. I also watch the adverts to make sure that you get rewarded for your efforts.
Paul, you are one of the best teachers I've ever heard. Your knowledge of electronics is simply amazing. I used to watch my dad work with electronics and have always been intrigued. Your videos are very interesting (I didn't think you rambled on), and the way you slowly and simply explain things is exactly how I learn. Thank you for sharing your wealth of knowledge. Yes...I do understand PWM now. Oh...and yes, I need things lined up as well. :-)
Very cool!
This is great. I'm having so much fun watching these videos. I've watched them all at least three times.
I saw this 4 years ago and didn't really pay attention. now I need it to create my device . thank you again 🎉🎉🎉
I'm doing some revision.. You explained pwm very well! Thanks Paul!
Sir, very nice explanation. U r indeed a great professor.
thanks a lot sir ,for ur amazing work.
I finally started to enjoy coding because of u.
Paul, you have been an amazing teacher!! Your lessons have been invaluable and have given me a taste of the true magic which is electrical engineering. Thank you on behalf of us all!
Wonderful!
wow! an actual oscilloscope to show the output waveform all my teachers just draw it on the whiteboard -_- im really happy i found this channel and i hope to complete this series and work on some arduino projects myself. thanks a lot Mr.Paul im really greatful!!
Glad you like it!
Hey Paul, I'm loving these tutorials. I had 0 knowledge of electronics going into this but you explain things in a way that anyone regardless of prior knowledge can understand. What I particularly like about these tutorials is that I already understand programming so I can focus solely on the electronics portion. It also allows me to get creative with my solutions for the assignments you give at the end of the videos too, there are a lot of Eureka! moments that remind me of when I first learned to program. I'm really looking forward to working through your Introduction to Robots series once I complete this one. You rock!