If the mother is rh negative and first baby is rh positive,some of him rbcs enter her circulation and igM antibodies formed against it taking time to be ig G which mostly will be formed in the time of the second baby causing hemolysis..this occurs as ig M can't pass placental blood barrier ,but ig G can ABO incompatibility can do the same ,but in more less serious results and occurs mostly with o grouped patients as anti A ,anti B in o grouped person are of igG type ,but of igM in either A or B blood group
Hello doctor can you please answer this question?Why cytotoxic T cells and antibodies can grant sterilising immunity to viruses but not to intracellular bacteria?
This is a great question. There are many answers to this, the short answer is the intracellular bacteria have evolved a complex set of immune avoidance adaptations that make it very difficult to raise effective immune memory of the bacteria. Two examples of this: 1) There are intracellular bacteria that spread from cell to cell without entering the extracellular space. Preventing antibodies from binding to the bacteria directly. 2) Watch the chlamydia video I have. You'll notice that when the cell is in the extracellular space it has a different form to when the cell is in the intracellular space. This allows it to have different antigenicity. So when it is in the extracellular space it is seen by the immune system as inert and non-pathogenic. This again allows it to avoid the antibodies that may have been raised to the intracellular (and pathogenic) form of the bacteria. There are numerous other examples of immune avoidance techniques. They are really crafty pathogens! In saying all of this, there is still hope of developing vaccines for these pathogens, particularly with the new mRNA systems. So I'm hopeful!
@@dr.jackauty4415 thanks and this question pleaseWhy is the risk of Rh D alloimmunization after first birth higher if the fetus is ABO compatible with the mother?
Thanks for your videos. You are a great teacher!
Helo have ever cultured Vero E6 cells in MEM with hanks
Why is the risk of Rh D alloimmunization after first birth
higher if the fetus is ABO compatible with the mother?
If the mother is rh negative and first baby is rh positive,some of him rbcs enter her circulation and igM antibodies formed against it taking time to be ig G which mostly will be formed in the time of the second baby causing hemolysis..this occurs as ig M can't pass placental blood barrier ,but ig G can
ABO incompatibility can do the same ,but in more less serious results and occurs mostly with o grouped patients as anti A ,anti B in o grouped person are of igG type ,but of igM in either A or B blood group
Hello doctor can you please answer this question?Why cytotoxic T cells and antibodies can grant sterilising
immunity to viruses but not to intracellular bacteria?
This is a great question. There are many answers to this, the short answer is the intracellular bacteria have evolved a complex set of immune avoidance adaptations that make it very difficult to raise effective immune memory of the bacteria. Two examples of this: 1) There are intracellular bacteria that spread from cell to cell without entering the extracellular space. Preventing antibodies from binding to the bacteria directly. 2) Watch the chlamydia video I have. You'll notice that when the cell is in the extracellular space it has a different form to when the cell is in the intracellular space. This allows it to have different antigenicity. So when it is in the extracellular space it is seen by the immune system as inert and non-pathogenic. This again allows it to avoid the antibodies that may have been raised to the intracellular (and pathogenic) form of the bacteria. There are numerous other examples of immune avoidance techniques. They are really crafty pathogens! In saying all of this, there is still hope of developing vaccines for these pathogens, particularly with the new mRNA systems. So I'm hopeful!
@@dr.jackauty4415 thanks and this question pleaseWhy is the risk of Rh D alloimmunization after first birth
higher if the fetus is ABO compatible with the mother?