Your demonstration of principles is so effective I have sent your video links to young children who can understand and begin projects in no time at all. Great work!
I like the way you demo your circuits with the right angle wiring, thats pretty clever. I fell on this video from TH-cam just auto playing, I was't looking for anything related to rotary encoders. But that little touch you do with the wiring is awesome and is a great idea, it will certainly help novices and experts alike. Thumbs up to you
This is awesome, clear, easy going, to the point. Thank you very much! I am thinking about making my CNC with just Arduino UNO, nothing fancier , no motor shields. Two wires from digital to MOSFETs per motor (back and forth movement), one gnd from Arduino to all the motors, one signal from rotary sensor to analog per motor. This way I should have capacity for 6 axis from single Ardiono UNO. I don't really need to detect which direction motors are spinning since I must already know. I spin them! I only need to count number of steps, incrementing and decrementing depending on which MOSFET I am using at a time, calculating distance from angle and thread, recursively increasing interrupt periods and toggling direction if I overshoot until I get to where I want to be. Awesome tutorial, you are the best.
You definitely need two sensors per motor. There is always overshooting: you can't say the motor starts spinning into the opposite direction as soon as you swap the polarity. Inertia causes the motor to continue spinning into the 'wrong' direction before following the new command. Creating an h bridge from nothing but 4 transistors is also a bad idea. There is shoot through whenever you switch polarity of a half bridge which might destroy your transistors. Especially MOSFETS are killed instantly when the current is over the limit. My CNC series starts here: homofaciens.de/technics-machines-cnc-v0-5_en.htm
Thank you for your answer. I don't think I was being clear. Let me try once more: First, I employ one sensor and count number of transitions. I want to move axis Z by 100 steps. Motor overshoots and moves it 103 steps (if I fail to tune the motor run with interrupts). I know I overshot, out of one sensor. Second, I need no H-bridge. I will connect one digital pin with one MOSFET gate, operating one circuit running a motor, and second digital pin to second MOSFET gate to second circuit running the same motor backwards. I will activate one mosfet if I want to spin one direction and second if I want to spin other direction.
Never mind about my previous comment. I drew a sketch to show what I mean and I found short circuits. I added more transistors and guess what I invented? An H bridge... Yes, that is me. At university I discovered integration by parts, later I realized that weightlessness could be achieved if something spun Earth fast enough so that the centrifugal forces would negate the gravity, yes, it was 10.2 kmps, and then I noticed that light emmited by lamps correlates in spectrum to the light put off by flame test, and from there I rediscovered magnesium lamp. Next time I will listen to ZZ Top's ME SO STUPID like ten times and then will I post something. Sorry for that. Thank you very much for suggesting the diods with mosfets, I think I will greatly appreciate it soon enough.
I will support you. I can't do so right now but I will. I am getting my CNC ready. It is scheduled on March. It will be Arduino uno, 1 photo sensor per rotary encoder connected to digital pin. I will use BTS7960 and my H-bridge, whether it is an H-bridge or not, 'I am not sure: Battery: B+, B- Motor: M+ M- -------------------- wire1: B+ -> M+ wire2: M- -> B- wire3: B+ -> M- wire4: M+ -> B- One transistor (T1 - T4) on each wire. transistors T1 + T2 go to one digital pin transistors T3 + T4 go to another digital pin The rotary encoders will be made of clear disks plus silver coated vinyl foil with slots cut into it by cutiing plotter. Recently I worked on the sw side mainly. I have my CNC driver ready up to the point where it knows a correct sequence of steps (for example motor 1 step +1 motor 2 step -1 motor 3 step 0, motor 1 could go +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 motor 2 coudl go -1 0 -1 0 -1 0..., depending on vector of travel). Arduino is connected to my computer and it recieves and serializes instructions form USB port, it calculates vector of travel from where it is (remembers its position from previous instruction), turns it into the sequence, cycles this many times as Arduino can only digest very few cycles at a time otherwise it bites its own tail, eventually when finished with all the steps in intruction Arduino rings my computer which sends it another instruction and so on. Now I am working on CAM, I have very special shape to make at an extreme precision ahead, I need a special CAM that can handle meshes, not vecotrs, plus I want to test my own tool path type, but once I have my mold I will start producing arrow vanes which can and will be sold all over the place eventually so I will have means to support you. Not yet. I am a janitor.
Man I don't know if I said thank you already somewhere else on your channel, but just in case I didn't, THANK YOU so much for all this amazing information!!! I still have a looong way to go and a lot of learning to do, I'm just starting to understand the very basics of electronics. However I'd really like to get to the point of being able to reproduce some of what you have done here, especially to re use the sensors from old printers to have an extremely useful recycled possibility. If I manage to do it, I will make some videos and hook you up, but it is at least a few months away still!! Danke!!
+bigchrisrogers Thanks! Yes, I try to put as much information as possible in my videos, thus watching them once usually isn't enough to get it all if you don't now much about the subjects I am treating. You can also read what I am talking about on my project page and you can get the schematics to build your own circuits: www.homofaciens.de/technics-base-circuits-encoder-disc_en_navion.htm
I really like that u are using lot of salvaged parts in your projects and test setups. Its helps to understand how other machines works like printers etc... thnx for sharing
You can buy some encoders on the market but when they fail or you have issues it is great to understand the principle. Great video. You just told about PWM and PID control also. A broad beginning to it. Love it really enjoyed your video.
+killerbeenl Yes, knowing what devices you are using is always helpful. Some more about PID is in my video covering the Arduino Uno: th-cam.com/video/PQ1FBcQT0AI/w-d-xo.html It's a fascinating subject, thus more chapters might follow...
Thank you for sharing! I'm a non technician and able to understand most of the things you explain. I enjoy your videos a lot :) Always pleased to hear you'll be back ;)
+Matschase Who ever is able to understand what I am talking about has been turned into a technician. Start to build one of my machines and you are also turned into a maker (or a "Homo Faciens" as I call that species).
+Bob Durk ...you can lean more from code by reading it. The source code is available as download on my project page: www.homofaciens.de/technics-base-circuits-encoder-disc_en_navion.htm
I understand and can speaj German (since im from germany) but only until i was 6 so i cant write it well. Keep up the awesome videos and keep inspireing others to create and experiment with engineering. Also, its amazing how you upload every video in english AND german. At the moment im building a 3 axis cnc machine from cd-rom drives based off of your plotter and Tinkernuts 3d printer. Keep on making amazing vids
+Vincent Leyhausen (Maker and Gamer) Thanks for all the good words. A machine using steppers from old optical drives is a good point to start CNC. Viel Spaß beim Basteln!
+Vincent Leyhausen (Maker and Gamer) Another way was using a low power DC motor (e.g. that of the CD tray) and activate that motor to lift the pen and deactivate the motor to lower the pen by gravity (or a spring). Or using an old relay.
Super video- Exceptionally educational and precise. Great that you do it with home made stuff so that we get to see the technique rather than feel mystified by the tech aspects.. I watched this video and liked before- now I have subscribed, Thanks for your effort!
Excelente video, felicitaciones.. uno aprende mucho con tus videos y das buenas soluciones a problemas de falta de recursos.. puesto que usar DC motor en ves de steeper motor.. congratulatios!!!!!
first off, thaks for your complete introduction to encoders and stuff. I think the only problem with DC motors would be the starting torque.since steppers have higher torque in lower speeds.
You're welcome! Torque is a question of the motor design. There are also high torque DC motors available. Considering DIY servo motors made of common DC motors you are right, they are usually not designed for permanent Start/Stop operation.
For the high resolution printer encoder what is the function of pin 2 that gets + input. The two open collector outputs need pullups that connect to VCC which are done via arduino internal pullups I assume. The photo diode get its power from the + input via a 100 ohm resistor so that is taken care of. I know this was a long time ago.
Good to see you have managed to make your sensor work. I have made a video about how to connect those sensors from old printers: th-cam.com/video/a55EwMSIy2w/w-d-xo.html
@@HomoFaciens I only had one sensor I could get working. On all the other ones once I reached rated diode current I was only at 1 volt. If I went to 3.3 or 5v it would blow the diode. I am thinking they are current fed not voltage fed because the series resistor is only 110 ohms. Printers are good source for led, dc motors, power supply, caps, wire. Too much plastic go into these printers, very bad.
excellent video and excellent knowlagable video. thank you for this knowlage sharing. at timestamp 23:48 can you plz tell me how you make it. becouse i am also triying to make this for my project. please reply and help me..
That's why I have created a "subjectindex" page, listing all my projects with "Servo". You can easily find this one here: homofaciens.de/technics-computer-arduino-uno_en.htm
Can you position one of the two sensor assemblies to one side, opposite of the first assembly, but slightly less than 180 degrees apart? If, for example, the sensor assemblies were five degrees different from 180 apart, the gap in the sensor wheel could be also smaller, for more direct measurement of smaller steps. I realize that the number of steps per rotation would increase, perhaps reaching the software limits to handle fast counts. Your videos are very educational and quite clear and easily understood. Thank you for making these efforts.
+Fred U. Yes, with an arrangement like that you can indeed use smaller teeth & gaps and so increase the resolution (number of teeth) without having to use a large sensor disc. But the teeth must be wide enough to reliably block the light of both sensors simultaneously, thus the adjustment is more tricky which is why I did not demonstrate that in the video.
Hola Amigo:Te felicito por tus trabajos, soy profesor de escuelas técnicas y trabajo con hardw y softw libre, por lo que implementaré algunas de tus ideas.Tambien hicimos un clon de arduino y emplearemos el Pinguino 18f4550.Gracias por compartir!.Saludos de Argentina.Te compartiré nuestros avances
Awesome!! You can bet on it, "I'll be back" as well! :-) I Love the demos and the straightforward way you explain the "steps". The software code (for me) is going to be the tough part. Your apparatus' and lighting are superb for "laying it out". Thank You. (You KNOW you sound like him... sorta) :-)
Just what I need, how to switch my old racing wheel imprecisse poty for an accurate encoder. Even more, it even shows the concept behind force feedback. Love it, simply perfect ;)
+Kirk Nelson Sometimes, extra torque is very destructive. The good thing with the low power motors in my CNC machines is that they are not self destructive if something goes wrong and trust me: a lot of things go wrong if you are new to CNC and especially if you try to do some coding around those machines...
guessing you gave it some thought and rejected the idea for safety then. I was mostly thinking of your early cnc videos when you were having problems with the brushes on the motors burning up.
A simple way to make a encoder disc is just to use cardboard with some black insulating tape taped over it. Insulating tape is very good at blocking IR light. It could save some time for someone who wants to play with encoder wheel designs.
+Corn Julio ...für Preise gibt's eine "Spenden"-Schaltfläche auf meiner Projektseite ;) www.homofaciens.de/technics-base-circuits-encoder-disc_ge_navion.htm
Sir, your videos were really superb . Can you make a video basing how to control the position of the encoder with keypad to type degree ,lcd display to see the position , arduino h-bridge please if you could help me
1.) Set up a motor with encoder as described on my pages (software examples are part of the download package): homofaciens.de/technics-base-circuits-encoder-disc_en.htm 2.) Add an LCD and try to display messages 3.) Add a keypad and read numbers. Don't expect me to do it all for you (at least not for free). Go through your project step by step. You can ask me specific questions if you stumble over problems.
I have already done the proces at 11:55. But i have some problem between the circuit of h- bridge and arduino and motor and sensor. Can you help me with same photos ore schemes???
I have also done a video about PID control loops using an Arduino Uno: homofaciens.de/technics-computer-arduino-uno_en.htm But there is still more to say about how to fight overshooting...
+HomoFaciens i am trying to compile your sketches to the arduino but i keep getting a sketch\commands-host.c:15:21: fatal error: termios.h: No such file or directory #include error.What is the problem?
Would you please go to my pages with the build instruction as told in the video and written below the video in the description box? Once again just for you: homofaciens.de/technics-base-circuits-encoder-disc_en.htm A new chapter on DIY servos based on a Raspberry Pico is also available: homofaciens.de/technics-physical-computing-PICO-servo_en.htm That could be helpful, too.
Hi ! Very nice tutorial ! An Arduino DUE can actually directly reed the quadrature encoder on the Hardware with e very high frequency and do not take extra power from the micro controller :)
yaw hacı sen varya süper bi insansın , yaw arkadaş bukadar şeyle nası uğraştın , her videon birbirinden harika , yani öyle güzel anlatıyorsunki , bir eşşeğe anlatsan yinede anlar :)
exactly following your video i am working with a dc motor and 200 slots disc as feed back encoder disc. i am using an l298n bridge for the motor. Do i need some electric braking strategy for speeds above 8000rpm or should i just work on PID to reduce speeds as it reaches the set point?
200 slots and 8000rpm? That's too many pulses for an Arduino Uno. "Braking" is done by adjusting the PID parameters. The motor will be reversed through the H brdge in case there is overshooting.
Norbert i have wanted to turn some simple rc servos into steppers. If i modify a servo to constant rotation and center the pot in the case should i be able to use pwm to control the rotation and direction of the servo plus if i make an encoder wheel attached to the servo arm for the light sensors it should be a stepper motor... I don't need an h bridge for each servo if i can use the built in electronics of the servos correct?
+Sys.stem You can use the sketch of the wiper motor servo that's part of the download package. Simply ignore the enable pins when using a low power L298N bridge.
Always entertaining and very informative videos, thanks for making them! I will try and build a rotary encoder soon. Where did you learn all this about electronics? Electrical engineering master?
Excellent, thank you. But didn't you think of sensors from optical mouse? You can place them in front of simple wheel and they seem to give precise results. Very grateful for your reply.
Lovely work Mr, I would like to ask you about TB6600 stepper driver, when I read the driver data sheet they wrote that s durable for 5 amps, but when I connect a big stepper consumes 2.5 amps -6 volt , and when I increase the current to reach 1 amp the driver cut the current , have you any idea about that?
Hi man. Nice explanation I think I get it now. I am planning to make a robot arm, and I am still confuse on what motor to use for actuators. There are three choices available, namely, stepper, hobby servo, or dc motor with encoder. Does a DC motor with encoder have holding torque same as a servo, I am planning to gear it down for more torque.
+Carl Smith Yes, adjusting the sensors gives a better result. A simple solution is to use a disc with more teeth, so that the uneven stepwidth doesn't matter that much (usually the clearance of my simple machines is larger than the uneven stepwidth...).
Is there a standard 360 degree servo that I can to control its angle position like the normal 180 degree servo, for example I want it to turn a 3 rounds and 15 degree? and what its model name please?
how you control the braking of DC motor when its running at 5000RPM? As shown in video your small motor is stopping at exact position even at 5000 rpm without over shooting...
Hi,I used pololu wheel encoder for my arduino car to calculate moving displacement and rotating 90 degrees, but it drifted when it rotates few turns. How do you calibrate it? Thanks.
+thentust The wheels of a car slip at least slightly, which is why there is always drift. You need a compass to detect rotational movement relative to the earth's surface.
+HomoFaciens Yes,I though it,too.But someone told me that a compass is easily be affected by metallic object .Indoors,there are lots of metallic obj. even in the wall.
+thentust Yes, a compass has it's drawbacks, too. You could establish some kind of indoor GPS. Or combine many sensors as your encoder wheels + gyroscope + acceleration sensors + compass and maybe a video camera to get very precise movement. No easy job...
very nice work! I'm building a rotary encoder myself using linear Hall sensors and 4 magnets evenly distributed on a rotating wheel. I can share my experiances when I'm satisfied with it. Right now, I'm struggling with steps not being detected when the DC motor is turning the wheel at speed (~100 rpm). However, when I turn the wheel by hand, the sensor is quite accurate. Any suggestions? I'm using an Arduino Uno to pickup the analog sensor signal.I'm guessing either that the digitalRead(.) is too slow or electromagnetic interference from the DC motor (or both).
digitalRead() is quite fast, but the rest of your software loop must be short to avoid loosing pulses. 100rpm with 4 magnets should be no problem for an Arduino Uno. I am using a 8 teeth (32 pulses) sensor disk at 200 rpm in my CNC v2.0 design. Have a look at the input signals at the Arduino with an oscilloscope. Your sensor arrangement could cause noise.
what is the ideal frequency of PWM to be used for the small motor you used in your project, the one with less than 1amp rating? i have read a lot on internet about frequency of pwm for small motors. some state that frequency should be lesser than 1 khz and some state that it should be more than 20khz. can you please explain it?
hi i have ac servo motors without drive can you tel me please if i can used it without drive servo i mean convert it to just stepper motor that i can used stepper drive with it ? anther thing i found in scrap ac servo without encoder in the back >> can i used it and how thanks
What driver board works depends on the type of AC motor you have. An AC servo motor without encoder is nothing but an AC motor, so it's mor or less the same problem with your first question. I will talk about converting electric motors into servo motors in the not so far future, but using DC motors first. I will definitely keep the AC version in mind.
+Angus Gicana Das Video zum Oszilloskop gibt's hier: th-cam.com/video/qc0BqbiBdb4/w-d-xo.html Und das Kapitel zum Nachlesen hier: www.homofaciens.de/technics-metrology-oscilloscope_ge_navion.htm
+HomoFaciens For the non-German speakers, he said that the simplicity encourages more people to try this as well. I completely agree; that's what draws me to it and makes me think I might also be able to make something. I particularly liked the progress of your video as well, showing the issues you might encounter (IR light, overspin, accuracy of gears, etc.) and how to overcome them.
+HomoFaciens You realy do that with your "Barbarian" (not bavarian) aproach to solve problems. You shows that you don't need to buy expensive partes to archieve success. But if you use a power enought controller with a windshield wiper motor and a high precision sensor disk from a printer (free from garbage) we can archieve "CNC precision" and high power to build a CNC??? Here in Brazil is cheaper to buy a windshield wiper motor than a stepper motor!!!
+Vilmar Antônio Moccelin Júnior Yes, you can build a CNC with windscreen wiper motors, but I suggest to start with a low power version (you can use the motors from printers): th-cam.com/video/5rQ4xKRfXts/w-d-xo.html The precision depends more on the build quality of your mechanics than on the resolution of the sensor disc.
I think your videos are the clearest tutorials out of any Arduino tutorials. I always wind up watching your videos when I want to learn new stuff.
I just got to know that old TH-cam videos are better than most of the new ones🙃
Thoroughly enjoyed every part of your vid
Your videos are amazing for our students. Best wishes from Pakistan
Great to know they are used in education, because that's what I recorded them for.
Best wishes from Germany!
Your demonstration of principles is so effective I have sent your video links to young children who can understand and begin projects in no time at all. Great work!
Thanks for sharing. More videos using old printer parts will follow - stay tuned!
I like the way you demo your circuits with the right angle wiring, thats pretty clever.
I fell on this video from TH-cam just auto playing, I was't looking for anything related to rotary encoders. But that little touch you do with the wiring is awesome and is a great idea, it will certainly help novices and experts alike. Thumbs up to you
Excellent display of using a Photo sensor and a Arduino. I had lots of questions. You just answered all of them. Thank You.
+King Red Leg You're welcome!
This is awesome, clear, easy going, to the point. Thank you very much!
I am thinking about making my CNC with just Arduino UNO, nothing fancier , no motor shields. Two wires from digital to MOSFETs per motor (back and forth movement), one gnd from Arduino to all the motors, one signal from rotary sensor to analog per motor. This way I should have capacity for 6 axis from single Ardiono UNO. I don't really need to detect which direction motors are spinning since I must already know. I spin them! I only need to count number of steps, incrementing and decrementing depending on which MOSFET I am using at a time, calculating distance from angle and thread, recursively increasing interrupt periods and toggling direction if I overshoot until I get to where I want to be. Awesome tutorial, you are the best.
You definitely need two sensors per motor. There is always overshooting: you can't say the motor starts spinning into the opposite direction as soon as you swap the polarity. Inertia causes the motor to continue spinning into the 'wrong' direction before following the new command.
Creating an h bridge from nothing but 4 transistors is also a bad idea. There is shoot through whenever you switch polarity of a half bridge which might destroy your transistors. Especially MOSFETS are killed instantly when the current is over the limit.
My CNC series starts here:
homofaciens.de/technics-machines-cnc-v0-5_en.htm
Thank you for your answer. I don't think I was being clear. Let me try once more:
First, I employ one sensor and count number of transitions. I want to move axis Z by 100 steps. Motor overshoots and moves it 103 steps (if I fail to tune the motor run with interrupts). I know I overshot, out of one sensor.
Second, I need no H-bridge. I will connect one digital pin with one MOSFET gate, operating one circuit running a motor, and second digital pin to second MOSFET gate to second circuit running the same motor backwards. I will activate one mosfet if I want to spin one direction and second if I want to spin other direction.
Never mind about my previous comment. I drew a sketch to show what I mean and I found short circuits. I added more transistors and guess what I invented? An H bridge... Yes, that is me. At university I discovered integration by parts, later I realized that weightlessness could be achieved if something spun Earth fast enough so that the centrifugal forces would negate the gravity, yes, it was 10.2 kmps, and then I noticed that light emmited by lamps correlates in spectrum to the light put off by flame test, and from there I rediscovered magnesium lamp. Next time I will listen to ZZ Top's ME SO STUPID like ten times and then will I post something. Sorry for that. Thank you very much for suggesting the diods with mosfets, I think I will greatly appreciate it soon enough.
...you will never ever forget what you have learned by reinventing the wheel ;-)
I will support you. I can't do so right now but I will. I am getting my CNC ready. It is scheduled on March. It will be Arduino uno, 1 photo sensor per rotary encoder connected to digital pin. I will use BTS7960 and my H-bridge, whether it is an H-bridge or not, 'I am not sure:
Battery: B+, B-
Motor: M+ M-
--------------------
wire1: B+ -> M+
wire2: M- -> B-
wire3: B+ -> M-
wire4: M+ -> B-
One transistor (T1 - T4) on each wire.
transistors T1 + T2 go to one digital pin
transistors T3 + T4 go to another digital pin
The rotary encoders will be made of clear disks plus silver coated vinyl foil with slots cut into it by cutiing plotter. Recently I worked on the sw side mainly. I have my CNC driver ready up to the point where it knows a correct sequence of steps (for example motor 1 step +1 motor 2 step -1 motor 3 step 0, motor 1 could go +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 motor 2 coudl go -1 0 -1 0 -1 0..., depending on vector of travel). Arduino is connected to my computer and it recieves and serializes instructions form USB port, it calculates vector of travel from where it is (remembers its position from previous instruction), turns it into the sequence, cycles this many times as Arduino can only digest very few cycles at a time otherwise it bites its own tail, eventually when finished with all the steps in intruction Arduino rings my computer which sends it another instruction and so on. Now I am working on CAM, I have very special shape to make at an extreme precision ahead, I need a special CAM that can handle meshes, not vecotrs, plus I want to test my own tool path type, but once I have my mold I will start producing arrow vanes which can and will be sold all over the place eventually so I will have means to support you. Not yet. I am a janitor.
All the questions I had about driving dc motors with encoders in a single video - Brilliant!!
+Google+ SUCKS BALLS - the worst forced social network It's always good to find answers...
man you are the rock-star i love your voice.....you look like more mechanical engineer rather then electronics one
Man I don't know if I said thank you already somewhere else on your channel, but just in case I didn't, THANK YOU so much for all this amazing information!!! I still have a looong way to go and a lot of learning to do, I'm just starting to understand the very basics of electronics. However I'd really like to get to the point of being able to reproduce some of what you have done here, especially to re use the sensors from old printers to have an extremely useful recycled possibility.
If I manage to do it, I will make some videos and hook you up, but it is at least a few months away still!! Danke!!
Thanks! Keep tinkering and create new things. Your skills will grow over the years same as mine do with each new project.
Watched this twice now, really interesting video, so well put together and so much information covered, well done.
+bigchrisrogers Thanks! Yes, I try to put as much information as possible in my videos, thus watching them once usually isn't enough to get it all if you don't now much about the subjects I am treating. You can also read what I am talking about on my project page and you can get the schematics to build your own circuits:
www.homofaciens.de/technics-base-circuits-encoder-disc_en_navion.htm
Dude having a table of contents is rad. Awesome work I'm gonna subscribe
Thank you man, for real. Your serie of videos about encoders and optic sensors aplications is helping me a lot.
More one satisfated subscriber!!!
I really like that u are using lot of salvaged parts in your projects and test setups. Its helps to understand how other machines works like printers etc... thnx for sharing
+Fortzero You're welcome! And: share my project(s) with your friends.
You can buy some encoders on the market but when they fail or you have issues it is great to understand the principle. Great video. You just told about PWM and PID control also. A broad beginning to it. Love it really enjoyed your video.
+killerbeenl Yes, knowing what devices you are using is always helpful. Some more about PID is in my video covering the Arduino Uno:
th-cam.com/video/PQ1FBcQT0AI/w-d-xo.html
It's a fascinating subject, thus more chapters might follow...
Thank you for sharing! I'm a non technician and able to understand most of the things you explain. I enjoy your videos a lot :) Always pleased to hear you'll be back ;)
+Matschase Who ever is able to understand what I am talking about has been turned into a technician. Start to build one of my machines and you are also turned into a maker (or a "Homo Faciens" as I call that species).
Impressive how you go from simple idea and escalate to sophisticated one in easy to follow steps.
Thanks for the great video.
+Mohammed Algailani ...looks like I can't create short videos ;)
Thank you for another excellent video!
+Everett Bradford You're welcome and tell it to your friends.
Beautifully explained. Complete clarity at every step.
I'm so excited to see this video so interesting and so guiding!!! Greetings from Puebla Mexico!
Awesome Video, Thank you very much for it, Greetings from Monterrey, Mexico.
Thank you so much!!! its been so easy for someone with little knowledge
This is such a thorough demonstration. Thank you so much for sharing this .
I definitely will watch this again and learn from the code.
+Bob Durk ...you can lean more from code by reading it. The source code is available as download on my project page:
www.homofaciens.de/technics-base-circuits-encoder-disc_en_navion.htm
Hats off to you, Norbert, on a thoroughly made and highly informative video! How do you get the time to do all the work?
+Aditya Mehendale Thanks! Yes, many hours passed by while creating this video. I don't count the hours/days/weeks...
el tipo es un genio
Hello Norbert Heinz
Many many thanks for your time and tutorial video!
It's a great tutorial I've ever seen...I'll be patient for the program tutorial
+khymem MU You're welcome and: stay tuned!
I understand and can speaj German (since im from germany) but only until i was 6 so i cant write it well. Keep up the awesome videos and keep inspireing others to create and experiment with engineering. Also, its amazing how you upload every video in english AND german. At the moment im building a 3 axis cnc machine from cd-rom drives based off of your plotter and Tinkernuts 3d printer. Keep on making amazing vids
+Vincent Leyhausen (Maker and Gamer) Thanks for all the good words.
A machine using steppers from old optical drives is a good point to start CNC.
Viel Spaß beim Basteln!
One of the motors broke so i only have 2 :(
+Vincent Leyhausen (Maker and Gamer) You could use a micro servo to lift or lower the pen.
+HomoFaciens i was going to do that but i would have to buy some and i dont have money
+Vincent Leyhausen (Maker and Gamer) Another way was using a low power DC motor (e.g. that of the CD tray) and activate that motor to lift the pen and deactivate the motor to lower the pen by gravity (or a spring). Or using an old relay.
Excellent overview of servos. Thanks!
Super video- Exceptionally educational and precise. Great that you do it with home made stuff so that we get to see the technique rather than feel mystified by the tech aspects.. I watched this video and liked before- now I have subscribed, Thanks for your effort!
You're welcome! There is nothing mystical in science and technology. It's my mission to show that ;-)
Excelente video, felicitaciones.. uno aprende mucho con tus videos y das buenas soluciones a problemas de falta de recursos..
puesto que usar DC motor en ves de steeper motor.. congratulatios!!!!!
+MrAlbrtvg vizarreta
You're welcome!
first off, thaks for your complete introduction to encoders and stuff.
I think the only problem with DC motors would be the starting torque.since steppers have higher torque in lower speeds.
You're welcome!
Torque is a question of the motor design. There are also high torque DC motors available. Considering DIY servo motors made of common DC motors you are right, they are usually not designed for permanent Start/Stop operation.
For the high resolution printer encoder what is the function of pin 2 that gets + input. The two open collector outputs need pullups that connect to VCC which are done via arduino internal pullups I assume. The photo diode get its power from the + input via a 100 ohm resistor so that is taken care of. I know this was a long time ago.
Never mind got it working on a second unit.
Good to see you have managed to make your sensor work. I have made a video about how to connect those sensors from old printers:
th-cam.com/video/a55EwMSIy2w/w-d-xo.html
I didn't know there were internal resistors in the sensor from collector to vcc pin.
Usually not in the sensor itself, but on the board those sensors are mounted on.
@@HomoFaciens I only had one sensor I could get working. On all the other ones once I reached rated diode current I was only at 1 volt. If I went to 3.3 or 5v it would blow the diode. I am thinking they are current fed not voltage fed because the series resistor is only 110 ohms. Printers are good source for led, dc motors, power supply, caps, wire. Too much plastic go into these printers, very bad.
thanks for video my question is how the motor stop and run without break device
+hisham m With the H bridge, the motor can be stopped quickly by applying reverse voltage to the motor terminals.
excellent video and excellent knowlagable video. thank you for this knowlage sharing. at timestamp 23:48 can you plz tell me how you make it. becouse i am also triying to make this for my project. please reply and help me..
Did you have a look at my pages as I told you in the video?
homofaciens.de/technics-base-circuits-encoder-disc_en.htm
yes i visit your pages but i cant find the timestamp 23:48 like system so please tell me how is the connection of this system and code.
@@HomoFaciens
That's why I have created a "subjectindex" page, listing all my projects with "Servo". You can easily find this one here:
homofaciens.de/technics-computer-arduino-uno_en.htm
Can you position one of the two sensor assemblies to one side, opposite of the first assembly, but slightly less than 180 degrees apart? If, for example, the sensor assemblies were five degrees different from 180 apart, the gap in the sensor wheel could be also smaller, for more direct measurement of smaller steps. I realize that the number of steps per rotation would increase, perhaps reaching the software limits to handle fast counts.
Your videos are very educational and quite clear and easily understood. Thank you for making these efforts.
+Fred U. Yes, with an arrangement like that you can indeed use smaller teeth & gaps and so increase the resolution (number of teeth) without having to use a large sensor disc. But the teeth must be wide enough to reliably block the light of both sensors simultaneously, thus the adjustment is more tricky which is why I did not demonstrate that in the video.
great video, clear to understand and very informative - will definitely put this into practice - danke HomoFaciens
Bitte gerne.
Hola Amigo:Te felicito por tus trabajos, soy profesor de escuelas técnicas y trabajo con hardw y softw libre, por lo que implementaré algunas de tus ideas.Tambien hicimos un clon de arduino y emplearemos el Pinguino 18f4550.Gracias por compartir!.Saludos de Argentina.Te compartiré nuestros avances
Very good! I liked learn more about step motors and control them.
Awesome!! You can bet on it, "I'll be back" as well! :-)
I Love the demos and the straightforward way you explain the "steps".
The software code (for me) is going to be the tough part.
Your apparatus' and lighting are superb for "laying it out".
Thank You. (You KNOW you sound like him... sorta) :-)
+jlucasound
There will be chapters about programming GPIOs (Physical Computing) in the (not so far) future on my project pages - stay tuned!
Super great presentation! Thorough coverage and simple explanation.
Here are some stars: ** ** **
Thanks.
Just what I need, how to switch my old racing wheel imprecisse poty for an accurate encoder.
Even more, it even shows the concept behind force feedback.
Love it, simply perfect ;)
I was wondering why you did not use the windshield wiper motor on your DIY CNC project, seems the extra torque would be beneficial.
+Kirk Nelson Sometimes, extra torque is very destructive. The good thing with the low power motors in my CNC machines is that they are not self destructive if something goes wrong and trust me: a lot of things go wrong if you are new to CNC and especially if you try to do some coding around those machines...
guessing you gave it some thought and rejected the idea for safety then. I was mostly thinking of your early cnc videos when you were having problems with the brushes on the motors burning up.
+Kirk Nelson If you know what you are doing, it's worth spending some days trying to build a very solid wiper motor CNC.
Best video to understand encoder 👌👌👌
Now I know everything about servo motors. thank you. Very usefull stuff.
Sir, what did you do @11:28 to make the motor rotate step wise. Please help, if possible. Thank you.
Details, including the software used for the video are available on my pages:
homofaciens.de/technics-base-circuits-encoder-disc_en.htm
Very good and thorough video . Thanks for taking the time to go into details.
+XerotoLabs Yes, going into details eats most of my time. Thanks for pointing that out.
I would like to thank you for this video. I have learned so much from this!
A simple way to make a encoder disc is just to use cardboard with some black insulating tape taped over it. Insulating tape is very good at blocking IR light. It could save some time for someone who wants to play with encoder wheel designs.
+Srdjan Savic Insulating tape and cardboard are indeed a simple solution. Thanks for that hint.
Du bist unglaublich Mann. Solltest nen Preis bekommen :)
+Corn Julio ...für Preise gibt's eine "Spenden"-Schaltfläche auf meiner Projektseite ;)
www.homofaciens.de/technics-base-circuits-encoder-disc_ge_navion.htm
Thanks Arnold S. !
"Consequently eight signals were counted"
Sir, your videos were really superb . Can you make a video basing how to control the position of the encoder with keypad to type degree ,lcd display to see the position , arduino h-bridge please if you could help me
1.) Set up a motor with encoder as described on my pages (software examples are part of the download package):
homofaciens.de/technics-base-circuits-encoder-disc_en.htm
2.) Add an LCD and try to display messages
3.) Add a keypad and read numbers.
Don't expect me to do it all for you (at least not for free). Go through your project step by step. You can ask me specific questions if you stumble over problems.
I have already done the proces at 11:55. But i have some problem between the circuit of h- bridge and arduino and motor and sensor. Can you help me with same photos ore schemes???
The schemes and software are available on my project pages:
homofaciens.de/technics-base-circuits-encoder-disc_en.htm
thank a lot. i am using only one photo sensor , i thinh i should compilate dhe code of arduino???
very helpful video. I will be watching it many more times for sure.
+builtrodewreckedit Yes, most of my videos provide a lot of information that can't be absorbed in a single run.
Very informative.. Excellent video learnt so many things...
+Ashwin Thirunahari ...this video was meant to teach - mission accomplished!
This is what I need for my new project, great!
fantastic. thank you so much. you are a natural educator.
I wish I seen this video for a press I used to run called the Salvagnini. The turnover constantly gave me trouble with overshooting.
I have also done a video about PID control loops using an Arduino Uno:
homofaciens.de/technics-computer-arduino-uno_en.htm
But there is still more to say about how to fight overshooting...
Fantastic video....very thorough explenations,just what i was looking for,for my project!Thanks!
+babis600 You're welcome!
+HomoFaciens i am trying to compile your sketches to the arduino but i keep getting a sketch\commands-host.c:15:21: fatal error: termios.h: No such file or directory
#include error.What is the problem?
+babis600 Your Arduino IDE opens the file "commands-host.c" in a second tab. Close that tab so that the only file open is the *.ino and try again.
+HomoFaciens yep...you were wright.Thanks for that!
através destas explicações vou fazer meu projeto de rotor de antena de radioamador
This is awesome. Highly educational. Truly inspirational.
+lowendguru I like to inspire ;)
Great video, I roughly knew how these things work but now it is crystal clear.
Many thanks!!
Thank you for this topic, but what are the pieces used in the project
On my project page:
homofaciens.de/technics-base-circuits-encoder-disc_en.htm
26:48 Servo digital de um motor limpador A página do projeto: este projeto dar certo?
pois tenho todos os objetos para o projeto
Sorry, I don't understand what your question is. Try again in English, since I don't speak Portuguese.
Your video is very well explained. Would you please tell me What did you use to drive the Windscreen Wiper motor?
Would you please go to my pages with the build instruction as told in the video and written below the video in the description box? Once again just for you:
homofaciens.de/technics-base-circuits-encoder-disc_en.htm
A new chapter on DIY servos based on a Raspberry Pico is also available:
homofaciens.de/technics-physical-computing-PICO-servo_en.htm
That could be helpful, too.
Hi ! Very nice tutorial ! An Arduino DUE can actually directly reed the quadrature encoder on the Hardware with e very high frequency and do not take extra power from the micro controller :)
+Sacha Franceschini Yes, hardware implementation of a counter or a quadrature encoder is a nice feature!
yaw hacı sen varya süper bi insansın , yaw arkadaş bukadar şeyle nası uğraştın , her videon birbirinden harika , yani öyle güzel anlatıyorsunki , bir eşşeğe anlatsan yinede anlar :)
exactly following your video i am working with a dc motor and 200 slots disc as feed back encoder disc. i am using an l298n bridge for the motor. Do i need some electric braking strategy for speeds above 8000rpm or should i just work on PID to reduce speeds as it reaches the set point?
200 slots and 8000rpm? That's too many pulses for an Arduino Uno. "Braking" is done by adjusting the PID parameters. The motor will be reversed through the H brdge in case there is overshooting.
Really great stuff- packed with info! Very good job!
Sir you truly rock, what a great set of information .. really nice :-)
Great video. It doesn't get much better than that.
+InnaSoulSounds Thanks, but there is always something to improve...
Norbert i have wanted to turn some simple rc servos into steppers. If i modify a servo to constant rotation and center the pot in the case should i be able to use pwm to control the rotation and direction of the servo plus if i make an encoder wheel attached to the servo arm for the light sensors it should be a stepper motor... I don't need an h bridge for each servo if i can use the built in electronics of the servos correct?
+builtrodewreckedit Yes, that's what I did for the drives of my CNC v0.5:
th-cam.com/video/f4ptBpVOSuY/w-d-xo.html
great video, where can i find the sketch used for this setup ? 19:37 Angular resolution / small servo
+Sys.stem You can use the sketch of the wiper motor servo that's part of the download package. Simply ignore the enable pins when using a low power L298N bridge.
Always entertaining and very informative videos, thanks for making them!
I will try and build a rotary encoder soon.
Where did you learn all this about electronics? Electrical engineering master?
+Daniel W I learned the basics about semiconductors during my education as physics laboratory assistant long ago...
Excellent, thank you. But didn't you think of sensors from optical mouse? You can place them in front of simple wheel and they seem to give precise results. Very grateful for your reply.
Lovely work Mr, I would like to ask you about TB6600 stepper driver, when I read the driver data sheet they wrote that s durable for 5 amps, but when I connect a big stepper consumes 2.5 amps -6 volt , and when I increase the current to reach 1 amp the driver cut the current , have you any idea about that?
Sorry, but I don't own such a driver, thus I can't give you an advice. Maybe you must add a heatsink to get the full 5amps.
God dammit man! I Admire you! Keep the good work! :)
Hi man. Nice explanation I think I get it now. I am planning to make a robot arm, and I am still confuse on what motor to use for actuators. There are three choices available, namely, stepper, hobby servo, or dc motor with encoder. Does a DC motor with encoder have holding torque same as a servo, I am planning to gear it down for more torque.
What holding torque a servo or a DC motor has, depends on the electrical characteristics of that device, not on the construction principle.
The response time of the sensor in the test around 2:50 in the video, seems to be very slow. How can this work with the rapidly spinning disk later ?
It's not the response of the sensor that is slow, but the response of the display of the multimeter.
You mention a book in your video but I can't find mention of it on your website. Is it available yet? And thank you for your videos they inspire me!
+Ariskayler Sorry, no book (did I say something like that?), but my project page:
www.homofaciens.de/technics-base-circuits-encoder-disc_en_navion.htm
All you have to do to make the steps happen evenly is to space the two sensors apart by the same distance as the notches in the disc.
+Carl Smith Yes, adjusting the sensors gives a better result. A simple solution is to use a disc with more teeth, so that the uneven stepwidth doesn't matter that much (usually the clearance of my simple machines is larger than the uneven stepwidth...).
Would the wheel sensors gutted out of a mouse be a good option?
They would work in general. If it is a good option depends on your setup and what precision you need.
Couldn't you integrate a PID controller to eliminate the overshoot?
Yes, I could.
Hi, Thank you very much. could I take Arduino code which taken for this project
As written below the video, this is available on my pages:
homofaciens.de/technics-base-circuits-encoder-disc_en.htm
thanks dude for this video u give me every thing about rotary thanks once again
Is there a standard 360 degree servo that I can to control its angle position like the normal 180 degree servo, for example I want it to turn a 3 rounds and 15 degree? and what its model name please?
Don't know about such a servo. If I need something like that, I would change the software of the servo in this video.
BOA NOITE AMIGO, POSSO USAR ESTE PROJETO DE LIMPADOR DE PARABRISA EM UMA ANTENA PARA GIRAR?
I don't know if you can do it, but in general that is no big thing if you can write code for an Arduino.
how you control the braking of DC motor when its running at 5000RPM? As shown in video your small motor is stopping at exact position even at 5000 rpm without over shooting...
It's PID control:
th-cam.com/video/PQ1FBcQT0AI/w-d-xo.html
or just short both ends of the motor considering you have disconnected the battery before shortening both terminals.
Hi,I used pololu wheel encoder for my arduino car to calculate moving displacement and rotating 90 degrees, but it drifted when it rotates few turns. How do you calibrate it?
Thanks.
+thentust The wheels of a car slip at least slightly, which is why there is always drift. You need a compass to detect rotational movement relative to the earth's surface.
+HomoFaciens Yes,I though it,too.But someone told me that a compass is easily be affected by metallic object .Indoors,there are lots of metallic obj. even in the wall.
+thentust Yes, a compass has it's drawbacks, too. You could establish some kind of indoor GPS. Or combine many sensors as your encoder wheels + gyroscope + acceleration sensors + compass and maybe a video camera to get very precise movement. No easy job...
helpful tutorial and supply a lot of things fundamental of encoder, thank you !!!
Great video, love it!
very nice work! I'm building a rotary encoder myself using linear Hall sensors and 4 magnets evenly distributed on a rotating wheel. I can share my experiances when I'm satisfied with it. Right now, I'm struggling with steps not being detected when the DC motor is turning the wheel at speed (~100 rpm). However, when I turn the wheel by hand, the sensor is quite accurate. Any suggestions? I'm using an Arduino Uno to pickup the analog sensor signal.I'm guessing either that the digitalRead(.) is too slow or electromagnetic interference from the DC motor (or both).
digitalRead() is quite fast, but the rest of your software loop must be short to avoid loosing pulses. 100rpm with 4 magnets should be no problem for an Arduino Uno. I am using a 8 teeth (32 pulses) sensor disk at 200 rpm in my CNC v2.0 design.
Have a look at the input signals at the Arduino with an oscilloscope. Your sensor arrangement could cause noise.
What kind of o-scope did you use?
Артур Файзуллин
This one:
homofaciens.de/technics-metrology-oscilloscope_en.htm
Excellent video. Well done and thanks for the effort!
what is the ideal frequency of PWM to be used for the small motor you used in your project, the one with less than 1amp rating? i have read a lot on internet about frequency of pwm for small motors. some state that frequency should be lesser than 1 khz and some state that it should be more than 20khz. can you please explain it?
I am using the standard frequency of the Arduino library. It's 490Hz or 980KhZ
Magnificient education video! Thanks
hi
i have ac servo motors without drive
can you tel me please if i can used it without drive servo i mean convert it to just stepper motor that i can used stepper drive with it ?
anther thing i found in scrap ac servo without encoder in the back >> can i used it and how
thanks
What driver board works depends on the type of AC motor you have. An AC servo motor without encoder is nothing but an AC motor, so it's mor or less the same problem with your first question. I will talk about converting electric motors into servo motors in the not so far future, but using DC motors first. I will definitely keep the AC version in mind.
thank you
waiting for that
hello. can i use dc motor with a mouse wheel (encoder) in this way
The ball mice have rotary encoders same as my DIY style sensors. All you have to figure out is on what pins you can read the signals of your mouse.
HomoFaciens Any info regarding the oscilliscope in your computer? Thanks I learn a lot regarding your videos..Salamat!!
+Angus Gicana Das Video zum Oszilloskop gibt's hier:
th-cam.com/video/qc0BqbiBdb4/w-d-xo.html
Und das Kapitel zum Nachlesen hier:
www.homofaciens.de/technics-metrology-oscilloscope_ge_navion.htm
Felicitaciones, muy buen trabajo.
+feo3h2o Gracias
Excellent video! Thank you for sharing.
Hi sir i have some prblm with my stepper motor drive can u help me to solve the prblm
...only if you tell me more about your problem. Read how to get in contact on my pages:
homofaciens.de/contact_en.htm
Thanks for a great video. It's so clear and well paced. I love the "rough" electronics and mechanics you do. Ist aber wirklich wunderbar, Danke! :)
+Bernhard Hofmann I don't have enough time to give my machines a smooth design ;)
Die Einfachheit animiert mehr Menschen zum Nachbauen - bitte gerne!
+HomoFaciens For the non-German speakers, he said that the simplicity encourages more people to try this as well. I completely agree; that's what draws me to it and makes me think I might also be able to make something. I particularly liked the progress of your video as well, showing the issues you might encounter (IR light, overspin, accuracy of gears, etc.) and how to overcome them.
+Bernhard Hofmann That's it! I am sure you are able to make something and so to become a maker, too (or a HomoFaciens as I call that species).
+HomoFaciens You realy do that with your "Barbarian" (not bavarian) aproach to solve problems. You shows that you don't need to buy expensive partes to archieve success.
But if you use a power enought controller with a windshield wiper motor and a high precision sensor disk from a printer (free from garbage) we can archieve "CNC precision" and high power to build a CNC???
Here in Brazil is cheaper to buy a windshield wiper motor than a stepper motor!!!
+Vilmar Antônio Moccelin Júnior Yes, you can build a CNC with windscreen wiper motors, but I suggest to start with a low power version (you can use the motors from printers):
th-cam.com/video/5rQ4xKRfXts/w-d-xo.html
The precision depends more on the build quality of your mechanics than on the resolution of the sensor disc.