Jurgen Knoblich (IMBA) 2: Modeling Human Brain Development in 3D Organoid Culture
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 20 พ.ค. 2024
- www.ibiology.org/development-...
Asymmetric cell division (in which two different daughter cells are formed) is critical during human brain development. Dr. Knoblich explains how the fate of each daughter cell is determined.
Part 1: Asymmetric Cell Division: From Drosophila to Humans: Asymmetric cell division is critical during embryogenesis, including for human brain development. How is this important process determined?
Part 2: Modeling Human Brain Development in 3D Organoid Culture: Knoblich’s lab has developed cerebral organoids that mimic early human brain development and can be used to model brain development and disease.
Talk Overview:
Dr. Knoblich begins his talk by explaining the key role that asymmetric cell division plays in development of the human brain. During mammalian brain development, neuronal progenitor cells initially divide symmetrically to increase their numbers. Later they divide asymmetrically to produce one progenitor cell and one (or two) cells which will terminally differentiate to become neurons. What determines which daughter cell will become which? Working in Drosophila, Knoblich and others elucidated a signaling pathway in which Par proteins are asymmetrically localized before cell division. This recruits a complex of proteins which defines the orientation of the mitotic spindle and causes the localization of Numb protein at one pole of the cell. Upon cell division, only one daughter cell will inherit Numb protein and this ultimately will determine the fate of the daughter cells. Interestingly, this signaling pathway is conserved from insects to mammals, however, Knoblich found an important difference that may explain why humans have many more cortical neurons than mice.
In his second talk, Knoblich describes experiments in his lab to develop 3 dimensional brain organoids from human pluripotent stem cells. While studying the development of rodent brains has proved extremely useful, there are some important developmental differences that require human tissue for investigation. In addition, some diseases such as microcephaly cannot be modeled in mice. Knoblich and his colleagues have developed cerebral organoids that mimic early human brain development and can be used to model neurodevelopmental disorders. They have also been able to generate separate organoids from various regions of the human brain and then fuse them and follow the migration of live neurons between these parts, opening the path to many more studies of neuronal development.
Speaker Biography:
Jürgen Knoblich is a senior scientist and deputy director of the Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA) and an Adjunct Professor at the Medical University of Vienna. Knoblich’s lab is interested in understanding how the complexity of the human brain is generated from progenitor and stem cells during development. To address this question, they study brain development in Drosophila, mice and in 3D human stem cell derived brain organoids.
Knoblich completed his PhD studies in the Friedrich Miescher Laboratory of the Max Planck Institute in Tubingen, Germany. He was a post-doctoral fellow at the University of California, San Francisco before returning to Europe in 1997 to join the Institute for Molecular Pathology in Vienna. In 2004, Knoblich moved to the IMBA, becoming Deputy Director in 2005.
Knoblich is an elected member of the Austrian Academy of Sciences and the EMBO Council. He has received numerous awards for his research including the Wittgenstein Prize, the Schroedinger Award and the Sir Hans Krebs Medal.
Learn more about Knoblich’s research here: www.imba.oeaw.ac.at/research/j... - วิทยาศาสตร์และเทคโนโลยี
Why is no one talking about how incredibly groundbreaking this is
Too worried about bullshit
sorry but the flow of information is dictated by the government who in turn would like you to be less aware of how things work, cause they have plans for you. Fill that head with knowledge before they make it impossible to do so
Because of the HUGE limitations and still ZERO useful practical application. Especially when it comes to mental illness. Not to mention that IPSCs have caused faster death in a number of cancer patients. The potential is one thing, reality check completely something else.
It takes time, for neurons to process and connect their own development...its like looking into a mirror, without realising, that this information is about US and our own neurons
Thank you for all the recapitulation...
This right here is why Neuroscience is awesome! Could you enable closed captions [CC] so I can translate the subtitles for other people, please? :))))
Has the study by Magdalena Renner on repairing the mutation in CDK5Rap2 been published yet? I would love to read it for my research project. This was such a helpful video, thank you!
That is some crazy shit. How do you specify ventral v. dorsal organoid programming? I guess I will have to read the paper :)
correction at 1:54 "On Apical" not "On Basal"
"And here on the more basal side is the cortical plate......and here on the more basal side is the ventricular zone.." UGH--HE MISSPOKE!!! So no one screws up with this, the ventricular zone is on the apical side NOT the basal side.
think you .....
Using 3D printing nanomaterials that'll allow the arrangement of a scaffolding structure to suffice will give way for circulation of oxygenated water/ nutrients that will in effect allow neural organoids to grow even LARGER to the capacity of engineering an entire brain.
I wonder how far they have come in this field, for I immediately thought the same
I think the lack of tissue vascularization would limit the quality of such organoids!
No. Visualisation is actually great. The limitations are of different nature.
I predict that a very significant factor behind migraines and epilepsy is going to be found to be a "conditioned-in" excessive firing of excitatory neurons - a firing that 'forces' a functional deficiency of otherwise normally developed GABA-ergic interneurons.
I perceive and recognise the enormous significance of that at least one incurred "CURSES" (short for Conditioned-in, {kept} Unconscious, Reverberating State {or states} Effecting Symptoms) has more often than not gotten 'put' (within a migraine or epilepsy *or otherwise* symptom-manifesting person's neural "*actention* selection serving system"); and that in every such case a primarily insidious CURSES was 'put' because of a corresponding, for any reasons ended up *under*, threat of *"traumatizing"* type.
"Trauma" is a very tacky (i.e. imprecise and meaning-muddled) Freudian term that I've relieved myself of almost always having to use.
I did so by (ÆPTly) contriving (and defining and justifying), in complementary conjunction with coming up with "CURSES", the 'SEPTIC humored' and 'distinKtly' didactic (deservedly so) ÆPT concept (or concEPT) of "*a threat that implores* (or threats that implore as in demand or require) *Specific/synaptic Hibernation (SH)*". This far from crappily conceived MAD-inspired 'compound concEPT' is of course meant to be allusively expressed/put to use as (e.g.) "a *SH imploring threat*".😎
P.S. The important topic I'm broaching is naturally so off-putting that I tried to and succeeded at getting excEPTionally explanatory philosophical traction on it through various kinds of facilitating sem_antics (wordplay) and injections of not just MAD-inspired SEPTIC humor but also antiSEPTIC humor (appearing elsewhere within 'ÆPT').
science is still working out how to remove this man's head out of his own ass
Knob lick