One Second In Your Brain - Jeremy Nathans (Johns Hopkins/HHMI)
ฝัง
- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 8 มิ.ย. 2024
- www.ibiology.org/neuroscience...
What happens inside your head when you are asked "What is the sum of three plus two?" Nathans gives us a fascinating description of all of the events that must occur when you answer this question, from detecting the sounds and decoding their meaning, to calculating the answer, to directing the muscles that control speech. It is an account sure to leave you in awe of the complexity and power of human brain. - วิทยาศาสตร์และเทคโนโลยี
Brilliant. This is the better side of the internet!! Thank you!
It iis actually what is was created for.
Browsing TH-cam is like panning for gold in a cesspit.
What an amazing video !!!
But,
I am more amazed at the scientist
who study & discover
these super-complex machine
and still think that it has come
into existence by chance.
"Were they created without The Creator,
or were they themselves the creators?
Or did they create the heavens and the earth?
Nay! they have no knowledge of certainty."
[Al Qur'an 52 : 35,36]
"Have they not traveled in the land
so that they should have hearts with
which to understand,
or ears with which to hear?
Certainly it is not
the eyes that are blind,
but blind are the hearts which are in the
chest."
[Al Qur'an 22 : 46]
And on that day(Judgement Day),
We shall bring forth Hell,
exposed to view, before the disbelievers.
whose eyes were under a cover from My reminder
and they could not even hear.
[Al Qur'an 18 : 100,101]
Do the good people and bad people
will have same ending ?
How do you take your decisions?
[AL Qur'an - 68 : 35,36]
O mankind ! what has deceived you away
from your Lord, The most Generous?
Who created you and fashioned you,
and proportioned you in perfection.
[Al Qur'an 82 : 6,7]
Q. Who is The Creator?
Ans - Say : HE is ALLAH, the One and Only;
Allah, the Eternal, the Absolute;
HE begets not, nor is HE begotten;
And there is nothing like HIM.
(AL Quran 112 : 1- 4)
''O you who have believed, avoid much [negative] assumption.
Indeed, some assumption is a sin.
And do not spy or backbite each other.
Would one of you like to eat the flesh of his brother when dead?
You would detest it.
And fear Allah ;
indeed, Allah is Accepting of repentance and Merciful.
O mankind, indeed We have created you
from a single pair of male and female and made you
nations and tribes that you may know one another.
Indeed, the most noble of you in the sight of Allah
is the most righteous of you.
Indeed, Allah is all Knowing and all Acquainted.''
[Al Qur'an 49 : 12-13]
@@vvaloachi7263 It was going so well until you turned up
@@sb_dunk
what have i said wrong, bro ?
Thirteen thousand views, in almost two years, for a brilliant piece of explanation of complex ideas. Maybe if you called it "What happens in one second in a Kitten's brain?... You'll never believe it!"
No that would be taken down for animal abuse
It's sad that you need to make clickbaity titles and thumbnails these days for views. I guess most people's neurons work in ways that make them click the clickbait. I have deep appreciation for non-clickbaity videos because of that, I know I will get some serious explanation video and not some pop-culture-filled fast talking shallow explanation in 5 minutes or less.
Remember, many many persons don't use their brains, so they are not interested in brain functions and structures.
Now imagine what's going on in your brain while thinking about what's going on in your brain ...
Or doing something reall complex, like walking
@@minamur lmaoo
😎
😎😎
im only 2 minutes in and already amazed.... This is what i need from YT. The human nature and nature in general, the universe, the physical laws, the biology... Everything is just so amazing... And borderline sci-fi even though its the reality we live in.
Good comment.
We are fearfully and wonderfully made!
Without any doubt one of the very finest videos I've ever seen. Superb presentation.
I can’t believe I haven’t found this channel earlier. You guys do such a great job with explanations and an equally good job with providing up to date visuals. I know how a lot of these mechanisms work but seeing high definition images really puts everything in context. Thank you!
yay! a video without gimmicky noises.
what?
@@alexanderkorol677
huh?
wha'?
THANK YOU!!! Especially for not dumbing it down too much (just the right amount)
Thank you so much for having videos like this on TH-cam. It's utterly fascinating.
Best lecture on the inner workings of the ear. Excellent!
this was the best video i've seen this year!!!
I almost had the answer myself. If you had given me a few more seconds I would have come up with 5.
yeah sure
why would we beleive a random commenter
?
@@fukpoeslaw3613 - Who's "we"? You're just 1 person, idiot. And, 22 people gave my comment a thumbs up, so that means it's not just me. Also, you spelled believe, incorrectly. That means you're either a very young person, or a moron. Possibly both. Thanks for playing. You lose.
This video is flattering. Thank you.
Absolutely outstanding video from start to finish, a pleasure to saw and hear
Absolutely riveting. Incredible lecture!
Well that certainly got my synapses firing!
Excellent information and clear presentation, thanks.
We all take it for granted but it is very complex what the body and brain can do it is a wonder of nature it is such a shame we don't look after it as we should!! Thank you, Bob
What a brilliant lecture, very well explained for the interested layman! Two small criticisms, (1) the part of the process in which the arithmetic is done (3+2=5) is not even mentioned (not even that we don't know how this works), and (2) around 30:40 150,000 km is equated to about 5 times the circumference of the Earth, whereas it is less than 4 times.
I think you will find that he did in fact allude to the fact that we do not know much about how the actual calculation takes place. The second point is churlish.
@@you_are_soul Do you have a minute:second reference to that allusion?
The second point isn't mean-spirited at all - I bring it as a small criticism in the first place, but then again why state a wrong number? It would have been just as easy and comprehensible, and not less impressive IMHO, to more correcty say 'about 4 times'.
I wish I saw this lecture before the start of my PhD! Amazing story and narrative, thank you a lot.
This was fascinating. Thank you very much.
A million thanks for this!!! Videos like this makes you believe again in humanity and its amazing potential...
Thank you for giving us such a wonderful lecture ☺️
Amazing presentation and information!
Thank you for the presentation very interesting insight!
Excellent presentation!
Thanks Professor Jeremy! I hope you and your family are healthy. Big hug from Perú!
Really impressive presentation.
Great video, really enjoyed it.
beautiful video!
Great content.
Superb lecture !
Wow, thank you. Great video. Like his style and sub “stories” (like explaining the new hearing aid). Would love to ask him to do a video on his first question which I am fascinated by: how is the complexity of the brain encoded in DNA. DNA seems like only the recipe for proteins, but can you imagine what would be required to fully describe (and in affect control/supervise) the construction of something so complex as the brain? It doesn’t seem like DNA is nearly complex enough to manage that. Also, how are memories and thoughts orchestrated (stored, recalled, and used) in the brain? Again, as complex as the brain seems to be, it doesn’t seem to be complex enough to accomplish this. Love these type of TH-cam videos. Thank you!
Thank yo for the explaination with such a details.!
That's amazing 👌
I guess cochlear implants are a precursor to neural lacing? Also: it's quite interesting to consider how short term memories must be stored prior to longer term storage. The input stream from the senses has a pretty high bandwidth (mb/s?), this must be stored in a loop somehow before selective streams are hard encoded by the formation of synaptic connections (my logic being that the hard store would have too high a latency and therefore must surely be buffered, Sherly).
I see it more like water flowing on a landscape. The rainfall (stimuli) trickles downhill, forming streams and rivers, the waterways are shaped by the flow, and persistent rainfall patterns reinforce particular flow patterns (memory/learning).
Unlike water, which can only cascade downhill once and has to evaporate to fall again as rain, the landscape of your brain can have outflows connected to tributaries, forming complex feedback loops.
I could never accept this level of sophistication arising by random chance and accident. Think about this; we are using this very device, brain, that we don’t understand, to tell us how it came to be. If that’s not picking yourself up by the bootstraps, I don’t know what is.
Wonderful Dr. Nathans. Lovely, very interesting to anyone! I wonder if similar descriptions have been done if the visual system for example. And it seems to me your last question opens the door to the effects of epigenetics? Thank you so much for this beautiful video!
Fantastic!
man these last 3 questions have been formulated in such a way that they're completely unanswerable. If anything, science is good at breaking down incredibly complex processes into easily testable questions. and what distinguishes a good scientist from a mediocre one IMO isn't so much how well they understand the world around us, but how well they can formulate questions in a simple, testable and captivating way
Finally a video with ACTUAL science and not B.S. about controlling the energy of my subconscious
wow!! very interesting
Yo dude this shit is lit af. Do more videos like this. Subbed 👌🔥💯
This wonderful educational video has 4,349 views in almost 2 years. My upload of a titillating video of Eva Longoria on David Lettermans show had 25 MILLION views in much less time. This demonstrates the human condition, does it not? LMFAO
Excellent lecture on anatomy! Thank you! #pashkuli
Brilliant
We really are "fearfully & wonderfully made.
I cannot even fathom how they insert this correctly into the head.
Myyy goodness this is good shit right here Lol.
this is literally what happens, and I am guilty of taking processes like these for granted.
shout out to the human brain for being so beautifully complex.
And shout out to this guy and his team for showing us the light within us.
Thank you for a very clear and fascinating explanation. I have often wondered how the brain compares with the computer chip in complexity, and this confirmed my suspicion that it was far more complex despite the similar size of the individual components. I wish we understood more about how information is processed in the brain.
What an amazing video !!!
But,
I am more amazed at the scientist
who study & discover
these super-complex machine
and still think that it has come
into existence by chance.
"Were they created without The Creator,
or were they themselves the creators?
Or did they create the heavens and the earth?
Nay! they have no knowledge of certainty."
[Al Qur'an 52 : 35,36]
"Have they not traveled in the land
so that they should have hearts with
which to understand,
or ears with which to hear?
Certainly it is not
the eyes that are blind,
but blind are the hearts which are in the
chest."
[Al Qur'an 22 : 46]
And on that day(Judgement Day),
We shall bring forth Hell,
exposed to view, before the disbelievers.
whose eyes were under a cover from My reminder
and they could not even hear.
[Al Qur'an 18 : 100,101]
Do the good people and bad people
will have same ending ?
How do you take your decisions?
[AL Qur'an - 68 : 35,36]
O mankind ! what has deceived you away
from your Lord, The most Generous?
Who created you and fashioned you,
and proportioned you in perfection.
[Al Qur'an 82 : 6,7]
Q. Who is The Creator?
Ans - Say : HE is ALLAH, the One and Only;
Allah, the Eternal, the Absolute;
HE begets not, nor is HE begotten;
And there is nothing like HIM.
(AL Quran 112 : 1- 4)
''O you who have believed, avoid much [negative] assumption.
Indeed, some assumption is a sin.
And do not spy or backbite each other.
Would one of you like to eat the flesh of his brother when dead?
You would detest it.
And fear Allah ;
indeed, Allah is Accepting of repentance and Merciful.
O mankind, indeed We have created you
from a single pair of male and female and made you
nations and tribes that you may know one another.
Indeed, the most noble of you in the sight of Allah
is the most righteous of you.
Indeed, Allah is all Knowing and all Acquainted.''
[Al Qur'an 49 : 12-13]
@@vvaloachi7263 Yes it is wonderfully complex and impossible to understand how it all came to be accidentally. As for the rest of your post, these are your beliefs, and I respect your right to believe whatever you want.
This is crazyyyy!
After watching this, who can honestly say that this all came together randomly by 'accident'?
I wonder whose idea it was to design the hearing aid like that, that's amazing how complex everything truly is. and if you take a step back and look at the big picture of things do you think our bodies were designed by some more intelligent or higher being or would you just believe that nature just coincidentally happened to arrange itself in such a preferential way?
Nature didn't "coincidentally happen to arrange" things in a "preferential" way. These complex structures and systems evolved through the process of natural selection. It is very well understood, and there are some great books out there explaining it. Once understood, evolution by natural selection is a far more beautiful and awe-inspiring phenomenon that any 'intelligent designer' could ever be.
What an amazing video !!!
But,
I am more amazed at the scientist
who study & discover
these super-complex machine
and still think that it has come
into existence by chance.
"Were they created without The Creator,
or were they themselves the creators?
Or did they create the heavens and the earth?
Nay! they have no knowledge of certainty."
[Al Qur'an 52 : 35,36]
"Have they not traveled in the land
so that they should have hearts with
which to understand,
or ears with which to hear?
Certainly it is not
the eyes that are blind,
but blind are the hearts which are in the
chest."
[Al Qur'an 22 : 46]
And on that day(Judgement Day),
We shall bring forth Hell,
exposed to view, before the disbelievers.
whose eyes were under a cover from My reminder
and they could not even hear.
[Al Qur'an 18 : 100,101]
Do the good people and bad people
will have same ending ?
How do you take your decisions?
[AL Qur'an - 68 : 35,36]
O mankind ! what has deceived you away
from your Lord, The most Generous?
Who created you and fashioned you,
and proportioned you in perfection.
[Al Qur'an 82 : 6,7]
Q. Who is The Creator?
Ans - Say : HE is ALLAH, the One and Only;
Allah, the Eternal, the Absolute;
HE begets not, nor is HE begotten;
And there is nothing like HIM.
(AL Quran 112 : 1- 4)
''O you who have believed, avoid much [negative] assumption.
Indeed, some assumption is a sin.
And do not spy or backbite each other.
Would one of you like to eat the flesh of his brother when dead?
You would detest it.
And fear Allah ;
indeed, Allah is Accepting of repentance and Merciful.
O mankind, indeed We have created you
from a single pair of male and female and made you
nations and tribes that you may know one another.
Indeed, the most noble of you in the sight of Allah
is the most righteous of you.
Indeed, Allah is all Knowing and all Acquainted.''
[Al Qur'an 49 : 12-13]
@@Podz99 were you a witness of your natural selection lunacy?
@@Podz99 We are not evolving. When God ordered and arranged life on earth, it was created in perfect harmony and perfect balance. If you desire to know God's plans, you will learn that perfect peace, harmony and balance will one day be restored.
7.45 in and we've picked up a sound, that 5 has a long way to go.
He literally took us from key stage 2 to A level science in 36 minutes
I'd like to know more about how the biases in the genes insure that mice produce mouse brains and humans produce human brains. Is it really that the DNA encodes the methods by which brains get produced or is it something about the dynamics of embryological development that's prevented by genes from going in the wrong direction as opposed to programmed to go in the specific direction. The difference is that between a plan that specifies everything and a railway that gets the train to the destination without saying anything about how the train is actually going to get there.
The closing question is interesting, especially when I consider that people who have a close relationship sometimes think the same things at the same time. Maybe there’s is some threads of predictability.
1:40 Sensory input.
22:30 Data processing.
9:06 it looks so much as a transistor:)) opening and closing a door. this is exactly how this also works:)) 3 connectors.
What if I knew the question before you asked it?
How would you explain that?
I always wondered how exactly my brain could do even the seemingly simple things
this video is like explaining car by focusing on the paint 🎨, tyres, upholstery, telling how they can repair your tyres when they blow, where the engine is, where the boot is, where the seats are, how many screws it has, how these screws are made, how the gap between parts in the engine is tiny and how precisely it is manufactured, but not saying a word about the gas being mixed with air, ignited, and its pressure used to push the car forward. And repeating over and over how amazing and sophisticated it is. A cargo cult explanation.
It’s half an hour video focused on specific aspects of the brain. It doesn’t claim to be anything else, certainly not in the title. If you read something that mislead you, you must be dyslexic.
Pat Pezzi your comment is verbal abuse. I feel contempt towards you. As a punishment I am going to block you
And it all boils down to the "computer" programmed instructions that are encoded in the DNA of every living cell. To say that DNA is not the work of intelligent design is like saying that an unabridged dictionary, in all its detailed informational form, is a product of chance.
I wish I were as intelligent enough to understand all that was said as Mr. Nathans is to have so intelligently presented it.
Love this iBiology series, even though I'm not a bio person, but I'm confused and in need of help in understanding the speed of synapses. Jeremy says that the information crosses these tiny gaps in milliseconds. But doesn't that mean that there are serious constraints on the data rate which in the young affords a sensitivity into the low 20kHz? And yes I realise that we aren't talking about 1 synapse (sorry Jeremy for the tangent.)
Lew - I assume you are talking about auditory processing here. Activity within the cochlea is typically explained using three different processes. One is the vibration of the basilar membrane as a whole, one is the location on the basilar membrane of the greatest deflection, and one is a "volley principle" where groups of neurons fire in synchrony. The three different methods of encoding (plus, as you mention, the involvement of many neurons and synapses) works to boost the effective range of hearing into the 20k range, even though the upper firing frequency for a single neuron is in the 1kHz range. I hope this all makes some sense.
I'm pretty sure the rates are unrelated. The neurons sending signals about high-pitched sounds probably fire at about the same speed/frequency as the ones sending info about low-pitched sounds.
The neurons are more like the lights on an old elevator. To tell which floor you are on, a different number lights up. Similarly, to tell what pitch you are hearing, a different set of neurons is firing (and thus they are connected to different things as well).
And so the speed of that firing is not the relevant thing. The relevant thing is which neurons are firing, and which are not.
(And yet there is a constraint on the data rate, which is why thinking takes time.)
Wow!
11:17 Exactly right !
Just starting to watch this and I've failed already: I did 3 x 2 = 6, then realised after. I've got a brain injury (and am tired now) and sums/math are hard for me now. But when fresh and concentrating I can do easy sums like this properly! Quite a shock to me I did this, I'm still not used to the New (damaged/broken) Me and although I know I have to concentrate and keep attention on things = I just can't always. Now to watch the rest...
What an amazing video !!!
But,
I am more amazed at the scientist
who study & discover
these super-complex machine
and still think that it has come
into existence by chance.
"Were they created without The Creator,
or were they themselves the creators?
Or did they create the heavens and the earth?
Nay! they have no knowledge of certainty."
[Al Qur'an 52 : 35,36]
"Have they not traveled in the land
so that they should have hearts with
which to understand,
or ears with which to hear?
Certainly it is not
the eyes that are blind,
but blind are the hearts which are in the
chest."
[Al Qur'an 22 : 46]
And on that day(Judgement Day),
We shall bring forth Hell,
exposed to view, before the disbelievers.
whose eyes were under a cover from My reminder
and they could not even hear.
[Al Qur'an 18 : 100,101]
Do the good people and bad people
will have same ending ?
How do you take your decisions?
[AL Qur'an - 68 : 35,36]
O mankind ! what has deceived you away
from your Lord, The most Generous?
Who created you and fashioned you,
and proportioned you in perfection.
[Al Qur'an 82 : 6,7]
Q. Who is The Creator?
Ans - Say : HE is ALLAH, the One and Only;
Allah, the Eternal, the Absolute;
HE begets not, nor is HE begotten;
And there is nothing like HIM.
(AL Quran 112 : 1- 4)
''O you who have believed, avoid much [negative] assumption.
Indeed, some assumption is a sin.
And do not spy or backbite each other.
Would one of you like to eat the flesh of his brother when dead?
You would detest it.
And fear Allah ;
indeed, Allah is Accepting of repentance and Merciful.
O mankind, indeed We have created you
from a single pair of male and female and made you
nations and tribes that you may know one another.
Indeed, the most noble of you in the sight of Allah
is the most righteous of you.
Indeed, Allah is all Knowing and all Acquainted.''
[Al Qur'an 49 : 12-13]
Piano like maybe - but surely the chochlea, vibrates distinctly as a coil, in and out like ..and then that, neurally registered, as the point of the shape?
Imagine your cells, each one blessed with the Sacred Code that defines your physical and mental self, which describes the machines that make each of them what they're meant to be. They carefully store this in the heart of their being, and carefully copy it for each of their daughters, passing it on from generation to generation with minimal copying errors, using the Sacred Code to define every part of daily life and long-term existence.
And allows us to do all of this while munching on Cheetos.
thought this was gonna be some creationist yadayada but aight
Here is a question about whether the brain’s processes deal with psychological facts differently to non-facts in terms of primary input, storage and retrieval of knowledge from memory. Obviously, a fact is indisputable, but a non-fact is an incomplete notion that awaits further information to perhaps add to the initial knowledge or fulfill the missing aspects in an attempt to turn an incomplete registration into a complete impression so as to be synonymous with a registration of a fact. Is this transformation possible over time (time travel) or it’s actually impossible because psychological time is illusory and therefore non-existent. In reality, the initial registration is either so (fact) or not so (non-fact) and never the two shall meet, infinitely.
What a super cool video! Only two problems... he spoke too few about the brain and maybe a bit too much about the hearing... too many details for one and too few for the other, that should have been the focal point of the video; and he also didn't explain the purpose of the Broca area.
For the rest a great video! And he's really good at explaining things.
If the bundle sways right the channel opens but what happens when it sways left? 🤔
There's another pair on the other side of the bundle having the opposite orientation.
Mr. Professor If you want to understand how language is processed, try to build your own language processing cortex. I did this by copying the architectural ideas from the visual cortex and its pretty straightforward and amazing how it can learn all the syllables and prefixes suffixes words and phrases by itself, even on a language which doesnt have spaces (Khmer). I didnt even tell it what encoding the input data is - I just poured in raw Unicode data where most but not all letters are 3 bytes and it learned to decode Unicode by itself! I based a Khmer-English translator on it which is called Sugar Palm Tree Translator and is free online. If you want to understand motorbikes try to build your own motorbike! As simple as that! I put 32 layers and 1 million neurons in it and the perception is super fast 💨 on the order of megabytes of input text per seconds on an old netbook from 2009! Its not even very computationally expensive and scales well on a multiprocessor CPU if you know how to program efficiently in C. The learning from 3GB of language corpus takes overnight and heavily loads both the hard disk and the CPU.
@Trius yes
Is it just me but I actually picture in my mind 2 + 3 and see the number I five and then start to speak it?
2 + 3 does not require computation in the brain. We get the answer straight from memory.
29:50 yes, as an engineer, this is boonks complex.
oh hell yea
Amazing what a random event as "The Big Bang" can do
👌👏👏👏
I can't believe I said "six". Where does this put me???
Behind slugs? :D
@@mariuszpak1338 man, you cracked me up :D
Praise to The Supreme Creator.
Did you mean Potassium when you said Calcium at th-cam.com/video/7poElGeTQGw/w-d-xo.html ?
Title - "1 second" video - " 36mins"
And those atom sized springs are why you don't listen to loud music! 😁
You know, I'm something of a molecular biologist myself
...bet that felt like a load off your mind...
my best joke so far
This is what the internet is for
I knew it.
Those chimps at casinos are counting cards.
My neurologist calls this and including the SA/NA node...
" The God think".
And all this evolved randomly and unguided from a single cell organism.
Why he looks like Taub off of House
God level nano technology,
What an amazing video !!!
But,
I am more amazed at the scientist
who study & discover
these super-complex machine
and still think that it has come
into existence by chance.
"Were they created without The Creator,
or were they themselves the creators?
Or did they create the heavens and the earth?
Nay! they have no knowledge of certainty."
[Al Qur'an 52 : 35,36]
"Have they not traveled in the land
so that they should have hearts with
which to understand,
or ears with which to hear?
Certainly it is not
the eyes that are blind,
but blind are the hearts which are in the
chest."
[Al Qur'an 22 : 46]
And on that day(Judgement Day),
We shall bring forth Hell,
exposed to view, before the disbelievers.
whose eyes were under a cover from My reminder
and they could not even hear.
[Al Qur'an 18 : 100,101]
Do the good people and bad people
will have same ending ?
How do you take your decisions?
[AL Qur'an - 68 : 35,36]
O mankind ! what has deceived you away
from your Lord, The most Generous?
Who created you and fashioned you,
and proportioned you in perfection.
[Al Qur'an 82 : 6,7]
Q. Who is The Creator?
Ans - Say : HE is ALLAH, the One and Only;
Allah, the Eternal, the Absolute;
HE begets not, nor is HE begotten;
And there is nothing like HIM.
(AL Quran 112 : 1- 4)
''O you who have believed, avoid much [negative] assumption.
Indeed, some assumption is a sin.
And do not spy or backbite each other.
Would one of you like to eat the flesh of his brother when dead?
You would detest it.
And fear Allah ;
indeed, Allah is Accepting of repentance and Merciful.
O mankind, indeed We have created you
from a single pair of male and female and made you
nations and tribes that you may know one another.
Indeed, the most noble of you in the sight of Allah
is the most righteous of you.
Indeed, Allah is all Knowing and all Acquainted.''
[Al Qur'an 49 : 12-13]
Заебись, от души!
They call me Aplysia because I please ya
A fourth question: How did this wonderful technology come about? By accident over millions and millions of years of random chemical processes, or by a deliberate and ingenious creative work from the mind of God? How you answer this question will determine much about how you see the world, yourself and your place in it.
Thirty-six minutes is > one second
Hearing, seems hugely complicated.
It is dumbfounding to see how much scientific understanding has come, evinced in this video.But are actually 12 people who somehow found it in themselves to dislike this. Try to explain that.
Its unbelievable that some people still think the body came about by designing itself. The engineering behind this requires a mind of proprtions we cant even imagine.