How Jordan Became So Stable | Middle East History
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Jordan's recent history has been turbulent. Upon gaining its independence in the aftermath of WWII, Jordan was confronted by the prospect of a belligerent new neighbour in the shape of Israel. The Arab-Israeli conflict not only led to multiple wars, but it also led to hundreds of thousands of Palestinians becoming Jordanians, thereby forcing Jordan to re-evaluate what it meant to be a Jordanian. At the same time as it was figuring out who it was as a nation, the Hashemite monarchy had to guide the country through the tumultuous 1950s and 1960s which saw the Middle East get swept by the Pan-Arab socialist ideas of Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser. Thanks in no small part to the diligence of its long-time ruler King Hussein, Jordan was able to carve a path out of chaos into stability.
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0:00 Intro
1:20 Transjordan Becomes Jordan
4:47 Turbulent Times (1950s & 60s)
11:11 Ad
12:46 Hussein vs PLO
14:37 Hussein the Peacemaker
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Bro comon masterworks is obviously a scam. Scott Shafer already did a video on it. Please 🙏 you are a great edutuber so let’s stop promoting scams yea?
The goat
you failed to mention he was on CIA payroll to follow direction. Annexing West Bank, was ordered by the Queen of England. Its stable because it has the longest borders with Israel. Other Arab countries dont enjoy stability, simply because they posses natural resources energy and stratrgic locations. Like Yemen, Lybia and Iraq. Jordan was never a county, its a river' name.
Jordon king mother is a Jews so Jordan is so close to Jews 👹
@@ibrahimantondalo9184 If that’s the case, then why the oil-rich Arab countries alongside the Persian Gulf are so well off and prosperous?! Why US and Israel don’t mess them up?!
This video is a prime example of how King Hussein manoeuvred Jordan through the turbulent Cold War era and how a few decisions on behalf of a government can make or break a nation. I hope that the country of Jordan will continue to be a stable state for decades to come.
But at what expense ?
He literally nuked his own people with F16
@@justabeardedguythatisahero9848 Is this a troll comment?
@@colonelarmfeldt8572 its the truth google it he used f16s against ma'an riots, ask any jordanian about it, let alone black september.
@@justabeardedguythatisahero9848 So there weren't any "nukes" used to start of with. Second of all, Black September was a foreign invasion by the PLO and Syria. In what way was he "fighting his own people" by resisting it lmao?
@Colonel Armfeldt nationalism is a disease, by his own people he's speaking of us as an Arab nation. The worse thing to ever happen was the split up of the arab lands
Imagine being one of the most scarce countries in the world: no water, no resources for agriculture, no oil, no gas; you are in the middle of wars, Israel and socialist/islamist dictatorships; you have received millions of refugees from other countries; and you are still able to manage and be one of the safest countries in the region.
The Hashemite house was a blessing to Jordan.
Israel has only ever stretched out its hand in peace. It's Jordan that tried to destroy Israel, and more than once. How is having Israel on its border in the list of Jordan's disadvantages? Especially considering how dependent Jordan is on Israeli water..
How many us military basis in jordan ???
@Aurangzeb because your parents didn't give you enough attention doesn't mean you should go look for attention on the internet
are you talking about israel?
Perhaps that is the reason, there is nothing in Jordan that anybody else would want.
Jordan and Singapore are the 2 rare cases in the modern world of authoritarian systems being a success due to the competent rulers acting in their nation's best interests. Unfortunately what so many people forget is that this is the exception not the rule, because most people, especially those who seek power, are deeply flawed and don't have a heart of gold
Monarchies have huge upside, it’s a shame people don’t know this. People in America and elsewhere look confusingly at Britain’s monarchy when actually the top 10 most democratic nations in the world are mostly monarchies.
@@herv7539 all dictatorships conversely are terrible.
This is the idea of “the enlightened despot” during the enlightenment era there were certain monarchs that were focused on empowering their people and some even relinquished some power to do so
Guarantee your ruler your loyalty, he will develop your land and give you employment opportunities. That's how monarchies operated, and I don't see it as a problem.
I mean Jordan is good but Singapore is on another level altogether.
I’ve been to many countries in the Middle East and Jordan is actually one of my favourite places out of all of them. Very underrated destination. Good food, beautiful scenery, hospitable people.
Jordanians are warm and hospitable. Jordan is safe and welcoming.
Jordan's history is a testament to how leadership really matters and democracies don't necessarily have a monopoly on that.
How did Alexander conquer the world: monarchy; democracy?
@@chalinofalcone871 militarism mostly created by his father Philip.
Democracy has one strength, you can remove a leader in a bloody revolt, but have to vote someone else in
What history! How old is Jordan?
@@mariolove5097 look up Ghassanids
The Jordanian rulers were always good at mediating between tribes and Shaykhs. Prince Abdullah often forgave people who rebelled against him. For example, Sheikh Kulaib Al Shuraidah led an armed revolt against the state but was still forgiven and later given a position in the government. Similarly, Sheikh Majid Al Adwan, who was another anti government rebel, was also given amnesty and was allowed to return from exile.
Although the Jordanian rulers were corrupt and despotic, they were not brutal tyrants like Saddam Hussein or Hafez Al Assad
They are stable because they are puppets of usA
In terms of surveillance and freedom of speech, Jordan and Syria are no different
I think this has to do with the political legacy the Hashemites have acquired over the centuries. Sadam Husein and Assad come from the lowest strata of society and as members of this social group they do not have the acquired political flexibility the Hashemite have acquired over the centuries as guardians of Mecca. The Jordanian king simply knew that it was better to integrate the rebels into the apparatus of his country, instead of letting them form an opposition circle.
@@rafanadir6958 if you comes from elite background you already know politics and how people behave in such environment but if you come from lower class you often depends on populism which kinda bad since no way you gonna able to totally control the minds of millions, need to be brutal at the end to know who are enemies within your ranks.
The same Jordan and Hashemite leaders that killed THOUSANDS of Palestinians - more than Israel - and has allowed the Israeli state to run roughshod in the middle east? They're not that great. Tyrants all.
My older sister works for the state department, she's been all over the world. She absolutely loved being in Jordan. Nothing but good things to say about it's people and the nation itself
She works for the state department. They get vip treatment. Not what the usual tourist gets to experience let alone the citizens.
@@Sofwan786 can't even say something positive about the Middle East without Arabs getting pissed
@@colinsteadlandlmao
@@colinsteadland😂😂😂😂 am on the floor
@colinsteadland, stay safe out there. America is a scary place
Other reasons not highlighted.
1) USA provides military support to ensure stability
2) Israel provides water systems
3) The Gulf provides supplies
You’re prodigiously skilled at relating and explaining histories for which most major news outlets and even other talented content creators on YT miss the mark. Viewers know they’re getting an even and unbiased look at how and why things came to pass in the Muslim world as they did with each Hikma History.
Have you considered looking at Oman’s Qaboos bin Said and Bosnia’s Alija Itzetbegovic? Oman’s story is fascinating but Bosnia and the Balkans at large are a world apart. The enduring frontiers of Islam in Europe would be well served by you. :-)
Thanks for the kind words, Lucas! Never considered it but will now, lemme brainstorm some ideas.
Very well done on an extremely complex country. I knew a Circasian Jordanian who was educated in the United States and remained here because there was so much turmoil in his native country. An American lady offered to marry him thereby granting him a Green Card of legitimate residency. When things finally calmed down he returned to Jordan, married again and raised several children. Fortunately I saw him once again and was to have made a trip to Jordan in 2020 but COVID came along and he advised against coming and then he died.
Circassians are fascinating. They lost their country. Many countries have taken in Asylun-seehers, Turkey, USA, Israel. It was Czarist Russia that is to blame. Also the bigotry of Christian Russia (under the Czar).
lol thanks for the compliment. We are pretty fascinating 😊
And fûck the czars
Nice story 👌
As a Jordanian, I did not know all this information and details about a difficult period in the fifties and sixties Jordan has many problems, but we remain better than other countries in the region. I hope that my country will have an important and developed future.
You were spies, man
So do i from Britain.
HUGE respect to Jordan, which set an example of how to achieve peace
i absolutely love ur videos. As an egyptian its extremely hard to find well made videos about the history of our region. I really appreciate ur videos and ur effort in research.
Iraq, Libya, Yemen will be the same if smart people do not kick the king, i not fan of king, but killed, coup and kick the king/monarchy do not made you country rich and stable, look at brunei, malaysia, japan who never kick the king they are stable and rich. look all the gulf arab state, iraq will be the most richest country in arab world + with it heritage and historical site, beutiful old city, old castle, fort, palace, mosque, church, temple, ruins etc but saddam and dictator and socialist soviet lover destroyed the country, socialist and communist do not work, never will be rich and wealth. Welfare country like nordic are not socialist. very sad for Arab, have weak leader, that why easy defeated by small tiny small population(at the 40-50s just only 1 million jews vs 100 milion arab at the times, with combination of Egypt, jordan, syria, lebnon, iraq, saudi, lebanon and palestinian)
Glad you like them Ismail!
The Region U Talk,
Is It Africa?
@@brooklyn7983 Generally Egypt is considered both African and part of the MENA region (meaning Middle East North Africa). In the comment I was talking about the MENA region tbh because African nation videos are ubiquitous but i don’t really see a lot of well made videos about the MENA region. He talks about modern Egyptian history, places like jordan, libya, yemen an oman. These videos i have never seen like on other channels
@@ismailsaoud
Why Yall Insist Of Being Arab So Bad? Egypt Is In Africa, Point Blank...
One of the saddest things I learned during a time I was doing research on king Hussein was that he was quite close with his cousin Faisal II of Iraq and Faisal even gave him a copy of the book he wrote as a present
I know you probably know this, but for the benefit of others: Hussein and Faisal were second cousins. That is the sons of two first cousins: Talal son of Abdullah and Gazi son of Faisal I.
Abdullah and Faisal I were the sons of Hussein the Sherif of Mecca
So Hussein Talal Abdullah Hussein
and Faisal Gazi Faisal Hussein
Jordan was neutral but executed fanatics extremists.
That and the fact that he used to be on the CIA monthly payroll 🤔
Jordan and Egypt is the gate to protect zionist Israel. They blocking Palestinian to be free
I think the influence of the English borne wives and UK education for the princes contributed in a big way to the mindsets of the ruling royal family of Jordan.
Because they're not addicted to war, and actually cares about their people unlike other Arab states
True.
The land of Jordan is the biggest part of the British former Mandate on Palestine(78%).
I am very sceptical of documentaries because they all seem to have an agenda, but you just narrate history as it happened. Good job. I went to Jordan for a few months, twenty five years ago, and I loved it so much that, when I got back to the States, I learned Arabic so that I could apply for jobs there.
Thanks for sharing, I’m glad you liked it!
I’ve always been fascinated with the history of the Middle East, and I haven’t gotten that much into it, but I think I might’ve found a perfect channel to help me understand it. 😊👍
Great video, happy to help brother!
Jordan: "I’m playing both sides, so that I always come out on top"
Great video about a country that doesn’t get talked about enough!
Thank you my man!
As an outsider I thank you for this peek into history.
Here's some criticism: This is all good but it's 99% just chronology. Events are stringed together, but there's little-to-nothing tying them into broader trends, geopolitics, interest groups, etc. (Some of those are touched, like Cold War relations, but then the narration just moves on.) I don't feel the question from the title was answered - when "stability" is mentioned, I expect to hear mentions of smart laws, institutions, social forces, end especially economic factors like infrastructure, industry, trade, living standard, etc. 🤔
I don't mean this as a list of flaws, I mean it as encouragement: to say there's curiosity, appetite for such topics in perhaps other videos (with better worded titles).
Now that I think of it, if this video was just named "Timeline of Modern Jordan" this criticism would not apply. Heh. 🙂
Appreciate the constructive criticism!
Best of luck growing your channel! 🙂
Thank you so much for this delight of a video, great work!
yeah as a Jordanian he had said is mostly true it is a very calm nice country people should come visit I promise you won't be let down
My grandad was one of those who lost his citizenship back in '89; he ended up dying without any citizenship.
Time waits for no man
My grandad was able to hide his guns and didn't lose his citizenship. God have mercy on our dead ❤️
Just a piece of paper. shoulda burned it before they took it.
@@unsrescyldas9745
I'm not sure what difference that would have made.
I appreciate this video and your efforts!
I love Jordan, when I was uni studying Politics I gave a presentation on why Jordan was relatively nunaffected by the Arab Spring. Boiled down to being not as bad as others to begin with but also how they saw how bad everywhere else was going.
One major reason, because the majority in Jordan are Sunni Muslims.
@Jimmy misle that was a factor as well as there were less areas for societal cleavage.
As usual short precise and very informative history thanks
Thanks!
This was so thorough and interesting! Hope we get more country profiles like this. Ive even studied middle eastern history and politics, and learned a few things
Marvelously informative piece of work, well done.
Many thanks!
I visited Jordan last week and this question popped up in my head. My local guide tells that the King Hussein was beloved by his people and this video shows just right
I mean, the US also has poured billions of dollars into Jordan and in the future it will basically become Kuwait in regards to US military involvement and US military protection…that plays a large role in Jordan’s current stability. No to mention that the US protects Jordan’s trade routes via land, air, sea, and space.
for USA read Israel
Interesting, I learned something new from this. Thank-you
Great video like always!
Glad you enjoyed!
Jordan is stable just as an active Volcano.
Fantastic video - thanks for posting it 😊
Glad you enjoyed it
Hikma You honestly are one of my favorite channels and an inspiration! :D
Also in regards to King Hussein, he is probably one of the wisest leaders of the 20th century and I think a major contributing factor is how long his reign was, he started very young and was able to understand how this complex geopolitical world functioned. You can see too how he changed as he grew up. Also the "democratic" addition was vital imo, because it gave way to a lot of new ideas, one wise person can make a lot of good but as he grows he might lose his grip on changing times so having "leaders" with fresh ideas helps in keeping Jordan up with the ever changing geopolitical atmosphere.
Anyways Inshallah can't wait for more to come!
He was generally wise, and wanted peace, but his poor decision lost the West Bank, which had been annexed into his country.
@@johnnycumlately4295 If you look with context it wasn’t really his decision as much as external forces around him. I mean he was basically dragged into this, not only from the Arab powers but also Israel who wanted to take full control over the West Bank and Jerusalem which is what it controls today.
@@beb6c2a I have a lot more time for the late King Hussein than pretty much any other Arab leader, apart from Sadat. The Middle East owe these men a lot.
@@johnnycumlately4295 What do you think about the modern Middle East today?
@@beb6c2a Great question, care to narrow the scope a tad... Anything specifically about the Middle East, specific dynamics of nations and peoples. It's a good question but far too broad, it probably wouldn't give you the kind of response you're after.
You may not agree with the decisions he made but you have to admire the skill he showed in negotiating those troubled waters over the years.
Thank you for your excellent work
this was very entertaining thank you
Love the vid
Jordan really is an under appreciated country. King Husayn was a wise & cautious man. May the kingdom prosper & reach higher heights
Wow. I can’t imagine Hussein becoming king at such a young age
That ad was incredible bro! It’s a real skill.
great video. well done.
Really interesting video and fab vintage photography.
Many thanks!
Any leader that decides to limit his own power is a gem that should be coveted.
Wow! Really interesting... Thanks
WOW!!! I didn't know,this is absolutely fascinating
While yes Hussein played his cards well, Jordan as a country had and still has a role to play in the existence of Israel and that's a major reason why Jordan was and HAS to remain stable for the Israeli occupation to remain and thrive.
What many seem to forget is that Jordan as a state was manufactured by the Brits through and through. Jordan was created to be an alternative homeland for the Palestinians that were expelled from their homes.
Also, Jordan shares the longest border with Israel and it's in the interests of the US and Israel that Jordan remains stable. In turn, Jordan receives foreign aid and as itstands, Jordan continues to be one of the longest recipients of USAID as well as other foreign aid (since 1946). It also has had its currency pegged against the US dollar at a fixed 0.70 JOD/$1USD since 1995 (which was one of the resolutions of the "peace deal" with Israel). For a small nation that has no major industry or exports, a pegged currency against the USD ensures economic stability.
Honestly Egypt is propped up by the US for similar reasons but is nowhere near as stable as Jordan.
agreed with you. jordan is stable because of the state of israel and because it shares a large bordar with israel
th-cam.com/video/kNhW9WjvmsY/w-d-xo.htmlsi=Yd6xPYJlaujxI315
Thank you for making this video. I knew so little about Jordanian history and I feel they get sidelined when people talk about the middle east. Thank you for expanding my world view and for introducing me to what makes this country great.
My pleasure.
Thank you very educational 1🩶🙏🏻
my grandfather participated in the Karameh battle in the jordanian armed forces. thx for the great content!
العراق كان من المكن أن يكون مستقر مثل الأردن ، بل و مزدهر إقتصاديا ، لأن به موارد أكثر من الأردن . لكن العراقيين قتلوا البيت الهاشمي .
Yes, that's the problem they created, and must endure it
Please do a detailed series on Nasser and his successes , failures as a ruler. Can any one recommend where i can learn more about him? Any podcast?
As a starting point, you could start with a book written by Saïd K. Aburish, Nasser: The Last Arab. It is relatively neutral; however, it may lean a bit on Nasser's side.
Thankyou for this history
I'm Puerto Rican, but my parents admired the king and mourned his loss.
Why
"What if... We not get into multiple consecutive wars with Israel..?"
"My king... You are a genius!"
La Giordania collabora con Israele e con tutte le potenze Occidentali e america ???
Very good video
What an amazing video
What would be really amazing, is, if we knew what was said and done behind closed doors, that truly keeps these countries up and functioning.
Jordon is stable because they maintain a stable relationship with Israel and West
The key to Jordan’s success is and has been its ability to maintain friendly relations (although at times only clandestinely) with its neighbors and world powers. This is no easy feat given the diametrically opposing interests of its neighbors but Jordan manages to maneuver this diplomacy very skillfully.
King Hussain’s biggest mistakes were his open support support of Saddam Hussain in the Gulf War and letting Nasser drag him into the Six-Day War (the Israelis asked Hussain not to join the war, even after his forces had already opened fire on them).
six day war was supposed to be an easy win for the arabs, which would have been likely the case if the egyptians didn't stupidly lose their entire goddamn air force by a small country that they have openly declared intentions to genocide.(sure the US played a major rule in lowering egyptian guard by lieing about peace to give isreal time to launch their suprise attack, but its still retarded)
Nasir drag him to war ?
Well in that case UK is being dragged to war against Russia by Biden.
its funny how he dosent talk about the water supply that comes from Israel and that Jordan is depended on Israel for water
They depend on us for electricity. This is called trade, not dependence
I couldn't even get my room in order at 17 this man had to not only manage a whole country. But had to play mediator in a very unstable region while fending off coup attempts from both the west and ussr.
I lived in Amman for some days and can say that the land is gifted and better than other Middle East…….
Bro. The way you jedi mind tricked that Ad in there. Genius...
Good vid.
They went to war against the PLO during Black September and kicked them out of the country. Otherwise they'd be Lebanon by now.
Love the content, keep it up ily
Thanks Amy, will do!
Fortunately your economic prognostications did not materialize. This is an informative video. Thank you
Love 🇯🇴 from Jamaica 🇯🇲
🇯🇴❤🇯🇲
46 years 1952-1999 King Hussein, the Boy King that cemented Jordan.
I just realised my maths did not add up!
Love and respect from Lebanon to the Jordanian monarchy, I salute them for maintaining stability in such a turbulent region
I remembered watching a video. King abdullah II came to the aid of a citizen whose car was stuck in the snow. A humble man well deserved the love of his citizens. Long May he reign.
Perfect transition into sponsor's message.
Keep up the great content Hikma! Have you ever thought of adding pacific and oceanic Muslim history?
Thanks James! To be honest, not really - got any interesting topics I could check out?
@@HikmaHistory like how did Islam spread to Indonesia? And the affects it has on regions history from it's introduction all the way to twenty first century.
@@54032Zepol It is something that even as a Muslim I have never really thought about! I do think it will be fasinating to learn about especially that I watched a video recently about how Afrikans used arabic letters and how it got its arabic influence from Malay region.
@@HikmaHistory The history of Islam in the Philippines is forgotten yet truly fascinating. It is also one of the few countries that went from Islamic rule to a completely western style government. I think we would all benefit from your summary of the issue to make it more well known.
Pretty much anything Indonesia, Malaysian, or Southern Phillipines, you can maybe also talk about Bangladesh.
Im jordanian thanks for letting people know our history
Med all respekt och kärlek💖💖💖
I have really enjoyed watching this video and have learnt alot from this video. It just shows how decision making by leaders really matters in the prosperity of a nation.
Absolutely wonderful work! Even-handed, fair and factual. Hussein did a hell of a job in a dangerous neighborhood!
I've been to Jordan and it might not have oil or gas, but it absolutely STUFFED FULL of historical artifacts and sites. A nice place to visit, that's for sure.
Was supposed to be given to Israel during Israeli independence.
After the Egypt & Israeli peace accords in 1979 there was a those in Israel hoping to make the similar peace treaty with Jordan, giving back the west bank (with exception of Jerusalem) to Jordan.
Israel almost gave it back in the 80's, but eventually both Israel and Jordan gave up the land transfer in favor of what would become the Oslo accords.
one can imagine an alternate history in which the west bank is returned to Jorden instead of the Oslo accords being signed . wonder how that world would have looked like.
Most likely there'd be unrest in Jordan, as Palestinians would have open confrontation with the Jordanian government as well as Israel at the same time
Sadly i feel this Arab-Isreali conflict doesnt want to be settled centuries later!
Jordan made peace with Israel because in the 70s the Palestinians tried to overthrow the Jordanian government. The Palestinians even tried to kill king Hussein twice.
Better for Jordan to be honest, the Palestinians are a headache.
And would this be when Israel would start making illegal settlements into the West Bank and then make a “peace treaty” allowing them to annex extra land, and control even more?
He understands life is not a competition, it is a collaboration
This video provides more information than the history books that are taught in Jordanian schools.
if only. This is a typical sanitised version with many omissions
Jordan is a great country to visit. Was there last month I can recommend it 10/10!
Because Jordan is just a nice guy, he doesn’t seem like someone who’d go insane or anything
Just vibin. 🎶
Can you please do the history of Singapore?
U can search in Dhruv Rathee Channel
Jordan play both sides well.
Jordan and other Arab countries definitely declared war on Israel and not vise versa 0:25
No it's Always was Israël to take their lands back,by streinght they organizated all those wars on purpose. So why they occupy west bank since 1967 and tooke Sinaï and gave it to egypt ? In the War of the 6 days some arabs countries betrayed the arab League and helped Israël to win ,and in the kippur War it's Israël who attacked arabs countries by surprise at first. Same with all the Wars since 1948-1949, in the War of the canal of suez in 1954 it's Israël who attacked first helped by usa. The two intifadas until 2005 it was israel who provoked palestinians then they made bloocus on Gaza since this Time . In the Lebanon war in 2006 they attacked first but has lost.the War of Gaza in 2008-2009,2012 and 2014 it was also their fault ,and in may 2021 it was also their fault,they provoked palestinians since april 2021 or march by sending stupid israelis Settlers to throw them rocks and threathning them of dirty arabs and screaming death to the arabs before ramadan. Then israeli government wanted to destroy the sheikh jarrah quarter in Jérusalem,so palestinians defended themselves and their houses and israelis soldiers and israelis went to the Al aqsa mosquee during their jews feasts ,and Hamas entered in the game and this is when all started while 11 days and until the month of june. Plus Benyamin nethanyahou was in corruption problems so he didnt wanted everyone to know it and it was the élection,so to repass he played the game with the security problems,they Always make this before élections or when they vote some laws in the knesset or when Big troubles arrives in the israeli government so they bombed Gaza for nothing during 11 days just because of the elections and just cause nethanyahou was in corruption's problems,but he repassed last year as New prime minister again.
en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_War
Never thought about it probably because you never hear about them. That's good for the people glad to see one nation over there live with relative peace
thanks
46 year rule, please. I remember his 40th anniversary in 1992
Fascinating! Jordan seems to have beaten the odds
Hussein may have been small in stature but not in capacity.
Half the country haven’t eaten meat in months. It’s so over 😢
@@ndnrb_
This is not true we are blessed with security and goodness 🇯🇴🙏🏻
That was the scariest fucking advertisement. Gave me an existential crisis.
Jordan is lucky enough to be able to keep distance from fatal fanatical religion based hatred dogma and many other negative thoughts.
What do you mean lol
I enjoyed this Jordan video thankyou 😀 🇦🇺
By refusing to either take in or take control of the Palestinians, who used to be Jordanians but that Jordan now doesn't want. And it wasn't Israel that was bellicose, it was the Arabs.
Cuz their shoes are class 💯💯💯
How is a 20% unemployment rate a sign of a stable country?
It's called a developing country for a reason
@@willyshadoo called where? Not in this video