Nima Arkani-Hamed - How Does Dark Energy Drive the Universe?
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 16 พ.ค. 2024
- Dark energy, the repulsive energy of empty space, was one of the most unexpected and astonishing discoveries in recent science. Most scientists had expected that the expansion of the universe would be slowing down due to the inward pull of gravity. In fact, the expansion of the universe is speeding up, revealing the presence of dark energy. What does it mean?
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Nima Arkani-Hamed (born 5 April 1972) is a Canadian/American theoretical physicist with interests in high-energy physics, string theory and cosmology. Formerly a professor at Harvard, Arkani-Hamed is now on the faculty at the Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton.
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Closer to Truth, hosted by Robert Lawrence Kuhn, presents the world’s greatest thinkers exploring humanity’s deepest questions. Discover fundamental issues of existence. Engage new and diverse ways of thinking. Appreciate intense debates. Share your own opinions. Seek your own answers.
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*Nima is hands down one of the most brilliant theoretical physicists of the 20th/21st centuries!* His backstory is incredibly interesting as he is the product of genius physicists (his mother and father) who immigrated from Iran. Seriously, one of the coolest people on the planet. *I encourage everyone to watch Particle Fever, it is an amazing documentary in which Nima is featured!* 😊🙌📚
Is there any chance of watching this whole conversation with Nima Arkani-Hamed in one piece? I've seen a few over a period of a copuple years, it would be wonderful to have it in one place.
I like this guy--very sensible and not glued to "1" thing--great interview!
He’s a smart cookie
Ideas must be explored. Thank you.
Tell me your ideas. I have faith they are great.
@@nelsonpinheiro1148 The idea of greatness is interesting. Think of yourself as a baby, being held upright and goggling around trying to focus. This is a sort of triangulation, and the face helps with this with eyes and mouth. Three objects linked with short segments, usually for gain.
Now picture laying in the crib on your side. There's a light source and something pulling you down, two enormous forces. Some linear geometry or crib bar connects the two and that's a comfort. Tilt your head to one side and look at a big leafless tree in a field to understand this. The top is a ball and the roots are a ball connected with a trunk. Two elemental forces captured and connected.
Two different ways of seeing, two different kinds of greatness?
@@projectmalus I don't understand in perfection because my English. But, I have in me other types of technology to make me singular. Try this, the ancestral concept of the kundalini.
@@nelsonpinheiro1148 Without looking it up, kundalini seems like the tree trunk in my example, a connection between forces that (for us) is connected to understanding and allowance, we are observers that allow something to happen. Our awareness as singular. The triangulation part a different sort of connection, the relations of objects (not massive forces) in a field, a different sort of gain that might interfere with a singular awareness.
@@projectmalus uh. Cool cool cool. You must test me. You I'll see that technology in action.
i think this interview must be more than 10-15 years old. would love a recent one to know how far we've come in our understanding.
So interesting.
Two guys talking over each other. The interviewer simply interrupts way to often.
You can tell that Robert feeds off this young man's energy... and I love it!
How many of these conversations are new ? Timeless topics , I still love watching but I can’t help but feel like a lot of the non live stream talks like this must be clips from years ago
X2
I'm sure I've seen this before.
Thought so..... 5 years ago th-cam.com/video/b2BMJlxtlT4/w-d-xo.html
I still like these. I don’t have the time to back and watch all the long form shows.
There are also new very curious subscriders...lol
its because when this series came out it had to be purchased to be viewed. now that its been 10(?) years theyre being released for free for everyone. couldnt release it for free too soon else that would probably annoy those who purchased it.
((i was one of those people who bought it. so worth it, obviously i still watch it to this day))
Mind boggling possibilities of our time n excites micro to Macro conceptulisation
Brilliant!! Thanks guys¿?!!
Could gravitational waives be the cause of the ever-expanding universe? I think of it as waives from the ocean pushing floating matter to the shore... only the universe has no shore... and so it will always be expanding further and further, faster and faster...
Wow
I'm not approaching this from a scientific knowledge... but rather from the 'curiosity' of how all objects create gravitational waves that move outward in all directions, and since all objects are moving away from each other... than maybe gravitational waves are 'pushing' the universe apart somehow?
@Id : I wish I was smart enough to give some insight here… but all I have is questions…
They should interview Professor Mike Mcculloch who argues why quantized inertia gets rid of dark matter
Interesting, I will see what he has to say, I am a firm believer that angular momentum causes gravity and mass. As noted the mass of a proton comes from the angular momentum of quarks, I believe black holes do the same, when magnetism takes over again from the strength of gravity. Metaphysically speaking.
This discussion is about dark energy, not dark matter...completely different thing...
@@kaushiksarkar6761 yes you're right..dark energy provides the mechanism for positive acceralation . When objects are moving there are 3 possibilities for " a " 1) a=0 2) a is greater than zero 3) a is less than zero...which it was found to be case 2..the universe's expansion rate is ever increasing. The dark matter describes the total gravitational force of the universe since the known masses of the total particles is not sufficient enough to provide the backbone structure
Yes, beautiful. And yet it's moving.
I think quantum entanglement being without time and space maybe the same phenomenon behind the constant of dark energy that doesn’t change in time
interesting !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Dark energy could be time expanding space? An already present time pulls space back over it into the past?
Nothing is expanding except people thought.
Thank you sir.... these days you are making more frequent attempts closer to truth for a societal cause. Doing great 👍
Regurgitation of the same old theories, scared to step beyond any boundaries of peer judgment.
Or to think beyond what others have written.
As GR did for Newtons work, GR still needs to be completed. Understanding how Electromagnetism creates gravity through angular momentum of quarks to Blackholes. Understanding that relation would illuminate dark energy and dark matter. Not to mention singularities.
@Philly G - I guess this is ur intuition, isn't that right? Except if I'm missing sth here. What makes u think, though, that the quarks' angular momentum may have sth to do with gravity?
@@nikotsiopinis9909 I have been known to be quite the philosopher! Trying to see gravity in a different light and for what it is, gravity increases with mass, what is mass? Atoms are 99% free space, the mass of a proton comes from its quarks. The sum mass of the quarks do not add up to the mass of the proton and it’s said that the mass comes from the angular momentum of the quarks. I also believe similarly black holes get their gravity from the angular momentum of the accretion disc, all whirling in a tremendous toroidal magnetic field. Created by the rushing charged particles of a supernova adding to the stars already tremendous magnetic field. Metaphysically speaking. Cheers
Yes, the sum of the masses of the individual quarks makes up less than 1% of the mass of the proton. The rest comes from the energy of the quark-gluon interactions, which can manifest as mass (E=mc^2).
“The Final Theory: Rethinking Our Scientific Legacy “, Mark McCutcheon.
@@davidrandell2224 do you mean atomic expansion theory? One flaw with it is that it states photons are bundles of electrons when it’s the other way around, gamma gamma collisions makes electron positron pairs. Explaining gravity by saying that the earth is expanding underneath you faster than you are expanding I believe is a false interpretation of an equilibrium force based on some electromagnetic property that translates to gravity when objects have mass. But hey, I’m not a scientist, I just play one on TH-cam. Hahaha
Is dark energy nothing?
Nothing or no thing?
No
Each solar system, has their own star’s ! and each ⭐️ produced its own energies ! and fill ups the gaps with energy and matters, and it’s the same laws apply in any universes, and each universes produces, huge amounts of dark matter and dark energies too !!!!!
Continuously.
No surprise!
The universe is stable and has long stopped expanding.
The present day furthest observable universe is only representing the thing between the earth and the heavens. There are more universal things beyond the seven heavens.
Physics must look for new understanding of the physical universe without forgetting the very thing - a close thing that make a living human aware and understand - the consciousness.
So death is just us extinguishing into smallness , a sort of reversal of going back in search of the beginning.
Why couldn’t it be that we are in a universe that is in the process of Contracting ????
Our rest frame reference and peculiar velocity would look the same if we were expanding or contracting.....
This guy is certainly smarter than me, but seems close-minded in his inability to even bring up different POSSIBILITIES.... unlike RLK, who seems open to other possibilities while questioning “probability”.....
Dark Energy means science do not know what it is and how to explain it. The multiverse doe not answer anything because that is just a possible interpretation of the universe. It’s like saying if I could travel pass the 13.8 billion light year horizon I would see a sign in space marking my exit from this universe and a sign welcoming me into another one.
“The Final Theory: Rethinking Our Scientific Legacy “, Mark McCutcheon ended this noise in 2002.
Well when the one who is doing theory and experiments says non of these concepts make sense, it makes sense to me.
The truth is stranger than fiction.....and if this upset someone's arrogant and ignorance of egos of fantasy and does he really know of fact and solid proof and very hard core without a doubt and massive findings that has been collected and touched for accurately of evidence of saying of facts......or it's just theories and speculation and education guess and assuming.....which one reality or fantasy of our wildest imagination and if so just say it....of integrity...... so we understand better but I guess fantasy is good too😊😋......ooooo I forgot it's NASA and the hundreds of satellites in deep space and continuing with massive evidence of zero CGIs......but people are saying we can't even get decent service and coverage from our cell phones and data without zero interruption.....weird and very interesting hmmmm🤔Food for thought.....like a say fantasies are good😋.....
Throw your top scholars at it and come up short Everytime
Or, there is something huge that is too far away to see, that is attracting everything! Like being in a huge sphere... Hmm....
It doesn't. Any other questions?
Nope that's all thanks!
None that I can think of, since you have cleared it all up 👍
What’s so special about this constant that requires an explanation that the other 23 don’t? Why the mass is of the proton is 2000 times larger than the mass of the electron? Etc
“The Final Theory: Rethinking Our Scientific Legacy “,Mark McCutcheon.
Read balloon inside balloon theory published by me in year 2002.
So, this is your show. I invite you to join us for a special debate. Tell us your thoughts. Please. Thank you.
What is the universe expanding into....?
The future.
Another Universe
@@everready2903 multi verse
Ones, and zeros.
That's what I always want to know. In another documentary I saw someone saying that it expands into itself, which doesn't make sense to me.
@@childfreesingleandatheist8899 maybe potential fills evolving space.... primordial consciousness state 🤔🥚
I'm guessin' we're running out of people to interview, lol. The answer to the question, "How Does Dark Energy Drive the Universe?" is "It doesn't."
If the Universe is infinite wouldn’t there be more gravity pulling out on each point than pulling in and increasing over time due to the light speed limit on gravity??
If it's infinite then that means the gases in it are infinite in amount. Another reason I believe it's all just one BIG simulation. 🤷♂️
It can't be infinite, because it's expanding.
Tiny as it is it does seem to be the most reasonable scientific explanation.
If I had to pick the real reality I'd suggest the only reality is this physical reality is but a spiritual experience but does not actually really exist.
All experience is real.
Bolt from the blue
Dark means concealed and truth is that that which is revealed (reality) is the same that which is concealed (the real).
Im betting neutrinos have a role to play in dark energy
neutrinos make no sense either so i wouldn’t doubt it
'Dark energy', from no where ?????????
The Life-Desire*, is the Motor/Drive-force of the Universe.
'Empty Space' is 'space-less space', (the Living Being)
Space is part of Creation/Motion,
Heat and Cold is the Basics, of the Stuff-side/electricity.
*) In direct extension of the Life-Desire, We have the Will, Life-side, and Gravity, Stuff-side)
Expansion of time and space to evolve into matters from dark energy. From energy to matter as we never seen before only small compare to huge energy of a nuclear bomb from matter. When the dark energy evolve into matters will be proportioned into matters and anti matters, aha again we never seen before, yet. Love to see the new universe in the sky where the expansion of the universe is more interesting.
“The Final Theory: Rethinking Our Scientific Legacy “, Mark McCutcheon
NTS good/50/not use
It is too tiny to be too large
Again, dark energy is neither 'dark', nor an 'energy'. Understand Roger Penrose, you will understand Dark Energy
There's no such thing as dark energy, but no doubt some scientists will win an award for more make believe
There’s no such thing of anything until it’s proven. But why would they come up with such a theory though.
@@mikeiron1903 unlike our friend in the video, I have no idea 💡
The fundamental equation that started quantum mechanics is E=hv (or E=hf) where E is energy in Joules, h is Planck's constant in Joules*seconds, and v (or f) is the frequency of light in Hertz. The SI units for Hertz are cycles per second. So a unit analysis of the equation shows Joules=(Joules*seconds)*(cycles/second) which reduces to Joules=Joules*cycles. This is an unbalanced equation that cannot be correct. Physicists will attempt to claim that the Hertz unit is actually 1/s, which makes the equation balance out. This is erroneous. The Hertz is a unit of frequency; the measure of a cyclical event. The Hertz unit is not the inverse of time, it is the amount of cycles per an amount of time. The cycles are a physical measurement and this information cannot just be discarded to make an equation work. The way Planck's constant was determined was by counting the light waves emitted by a material at varying temperatures in a 1 second time interval. The only measurement they were testing was the number cycles in a 1 second time interval, so to throw the cycles information out is to throw out all data from the original experiment from which h was derived. This is quite absurd. You might as well just make up the numbers out of thin air. The other argument physicists will make is that the unit Planck's constant is Joules/Hertz. This is also just wrong. The original paper clearly shows the value as ergs*seconds. An erg is 10^-7 Joules, so the original paper clearly shows Joules*seconds units. Here is a link to the original paper so you can see it for yourself.
archive.org/details/onlawdistributio00plan_745
Quantum mechanics is fundamentally flawed. General relativiy also relies on this very same equation as it was used in Einstein's photoelectric effect paper, and Einstein's theories of relativity rely upon the photon conception of light. Light cannot be a wave in Einstein's theory, because a wave is an action of a thing, not a thing itself. As this would require a medium, i.e. the aether, it must be reconceptualized in his theory to be a physical object. Einstein's theory claims that there is no absolute reference frame, and a medium or aether would be just that. There is an aether, they are just using clever language to cover it up by calling it "virtual particles," "quantum foam," etc.
you're repeating the work of Dr. Juliana Mortenson-Brooks. Also the seconds of joules and Hertz are noncommutative to each other such that Planck's Constant as the "average" energy of light covers up the noncommutative time-frequency origin. So the secret power of light is what was called "relativistic mass" from the noncommutative phase of relativistic quantum time-frequency energy, as per de Broglie's Law of Phase Harmony. Dr. Patrick Edwin Moran also snuck this into Wikipedia - on his page on Planck's Constant - the same point about the "cycles" being a type of energy that was covered up by canceling out the seconds. PBS Spacetime Matt O'Dowd tries to claim that "virtual photons" are just a mathematical explanation with no physical reality despite the fact that science labs have already captured virtual photons. The origin of time-frequency uncertainty or Fourier Uncertainty is from the linear operator of converting time to frequency and vice versa whereas in fact noncommutative phase is an inherent harmonization that is faster than this linear conversion process - and just as the "multiverse" assumes a secret "faster" than time-frequency uncertainty creation of energy - so too is this the true origin of dark energy. It's just that external technology is limited to a linear conversion of time to frequency but as Alain Connes points out the "spectral geometry" is not commutative and so the quantum frequency is from an inherent nonlocal phase of time-frequency that then creates spacetime. This is also proven by the "weak measurement" experiments of Yakir Aharonov's quantum research. Nonwestern meditation is based on noncommutative time-frequency resonance as well - since the music is actually noncommutative phase, as Alain Connes points out, with a zero geometric dimension.
@@voidisyinyangvoidisyinyang885 Yes, you are correct, Mrs. Mortensen-Brookes is my source and I am not trying to plagiarize her, just trying to get the errors of QM and GR out in the open.
"... tries to claim that "virtual photons" are just a mathematical explanation with no physical reality despite the fact that science labs have already captured virtual photons." How does one capture something that theoretically blinks in and out of existence so fast you cannot even acknowledge it exists and therefore must call it "virtual?"
"... but as Alain Connes points out the "spectral geometry" is not commutative and so the quantum frequency is from an inherent nonlocal phase of time-frequency that then creates spacetime." How do you have frequency without time? There must be frequency without time if frequency is what makes time.
@@wesbaumguardner8829 Chalmers scientist, Christopher Wilson and his co-workers have succeeded in getting photons to leave their virtual state and become real photons, i.e. measurable light. The physicist Moore predicted way back in 1970 that this should happen if the virtual photons are allowed to bounce off a mirror that is moving at a speed that is almost as high as the speed of light. The phenomenon, known as the dynamical Casimir effect, has now been observed for the first time in a brilliant experiment conducted by the Chalmers scientists.
“Since it’s not possible to get a mirror to move fast enough, we’ve developed another method for achieving the same effect,” explains Per Delsing, Professor of Experimental Physics at Chalmers. “Instead of varying the physical distance to a mirror, we've varied the electrical distance to an electrical short circuit that acts as a mirror for microwaves.”
The “mirror” consists of a quantum electronic component referred to as a SQUID (Superconducting quantum interference device), which is extremely sensitive to magnetic fields. By changing the direction of the magnetic field several billions of times a second the scientists were able to make the “mirror” vibrate at a speed of up to 25 percent of the speed of light.
“The result was that photons appeared in pairs from the vacuum, which we were able to measure in the form of microwave radiation,” says Per Delsing. “We were also able to establish that the radiation had precisely the same properties that quantum theory says it should have when photons appear in pairs in this way.”
What happens during the experiment is that the “mirror” transfers some of its kinetic energy to virtual photons, which helps them to materialise. According to quantum mechanics, there are many different types of virtual particles in vacuum, as mentioned earlier. Göran Johansson, Associate Professor of Theoretical Physics, explains that the reason why photons appear in the experiment is that they lack mass.
@@wesbaumguardner8829 see Alain Connes: On the Notion of Space - talk on youtube - a month ago. He goes into spectral geometry. It is not without time. The frequency is not wavelength. Alain Connes explains that music theory is actually noncommutative so he calls it (2, 3, infinity). This means that if you study Planck he was directly inspired by equal-tempered music theory to create his "average energy" of light (Peter Pesic gives the details). So the problem is that Archytas and Philolaus LIED when they created a symmetric spatial "irrational magnitude" wavelength for time-frequency energy. So whenever someone learns Western music theory they are being lied to. Philolaus flipped his Lyre around and so covered up the fact that 2/3 is C to F as a Perfect Fifth undertone while 3/2 is C to G as a Perfect Fifth overtone. The Pitch is the same as Perfect Fifth but the time-frequency is noncommutative phase. So the empirical truth of time-frequency is a nonlocal resonance of the future and past overlapping. I have more details on my youtube channel - free research on this topic. It's also the secret of nonwestern alchemy meditation. thanks
@@wesbaumguardner8829 And so the de Broglie-Bohm model corrects these errors. Basil J. Hiley and Roger Penrose both rely on noncommutative time-frequency as the foundation of their model of reality. So Penrose emphasizes now that not only is the origin of mass from frequency but that time as the origin of the universe is highly coherent and noncommutative or asymmetric. So Penrose explains that the entropy of gravity is the opposite of the entropy of matter. And also again the "weak measurement" experiments from the Aharonov-Bohm effect - explain the Delayed Choice Quantum Eraser. So this is what math professor LOuis Kauffman calls "primordial time" - as noncommutative phase.
See the youtube talk: Avshalom Elitzur, My Future Engraved on Stone: Quantum Measurements that Seem to Undermine Becoming
"Weak measurements do not comply with the Uncertainty Principle, they do not disturb one another. I believe this is an amazing feat. ... This is both the transactional interpretation and the two vector formalism which says whenever you make a measurement you affect the past, the inference goes back to the past, such that each EPR particle is again both pre and post selected....Never mind that it's simultaneous in our reference frame but within that system it acts just like it has been carried out in the past. So the correlation between Bob and Alice is just the same correlation that you would get, had they both performed strong measurements one after the other on the same particle. Chronology is protected...you can know the results only after the measurement has been done..."
Not only is the universe is expanding but also it is going towards the future. There is no spacetime, so there is nothing. Our proposal is that the quantum correction takes place in this Ultimate Nothingness. So whenever you're surprised why is there some nonlocal phenomenon going on between measurements, it's because the interaction took place between them BEFORE there was spacetime.
Here is the Holy Grail that is waiting for you. ...Neither the past nor the future is fixed and even when you have a Block Past, there are some corridors within which the present can go and fill them up."
Young scientist speak too fast and too intensely. That's why I prefer conversation between old folks. We get to taste the conversation better and interruptions by each other are not often necessary.
Dark energy is the result of possibility. Think of dark energy as the paths not taken. Without dark energy, there would be no free will.
#rotaercmai
Hhhhmm I look at that we are the universes you're cross explaining example think of a shower of marbles this reps all things conscious and through the forces of entanglement we create we experience dark energy is just the pressure of the medium we flow through there is no such thing as time only motion and dark matter is really gravity condensed till it's converted into matter
Sir, I love your videos. I don't always agree with your guests ( today's as an example ), because it's all hopeful hubris. I'd rather a scientist would just admit their ignorance instead of trying to convince someone ( themselves? ) of things that may be ridiculous.
The multiverse is not the solution
Dark energy is consciousness.
elaborate
@@PetraKann When the ice planetesimal that brought water to Earth collided with proto-earth 4.5 GA, or so, life began and expansion of the universe overcame the forces of contraction. Consciousness is hunger.
@@tolbaszy8067 Utter nonsense
Apologise
@@PetraKann I'm sorry you don't understand.
He has too much dark energy, he needs to calm down.
Andromeda is not here yet.
let us just say the devil is pulling from the outside: would explain many things here on earth and as to why the universe is so hostile to life...
🌴😎💯
Man's mind has limitations 👀
I am a HUGE advocate of Reductionism, of Mathism: Mathematics is God. I am a huge defender of mathematical modeling of every aspect of existence, of theoretical physics. However, I really DO cringe at this COMPLETELY UNTESTABLE UNFALSIFIABLE multiverse garbage.
I respect your intellectual mind. Glorious presence here.
Sincere thank you for stating the obvious no one else seems to get. All my untestable theories I now prefix with 'dark'.
@@ottodetroit I know you got answers. But sadly lobbyists rules. Stay well.
energy is quantum..
space must be comprised of Quantum units.
so =
Big crunch space is compressed
Big bang space un -winds and fuels expansion.
in compressed state its dark matter.
Nobel prise please..lol
talking about something that is totally theoretical. might as well be magic.
🤦🏾♂️
first
Invisible energy is God's power controlling everything ,the Bible says so.
Let me save you 11 minutes… this dude don’t know…. But if he can manage to studder and shake his hands enough perhaps an idea will fly out his butt
Dark energy. Is that where Darth Vader lives?
It is. It has been revealed to me in a revelation. Dark energy is where the consciousness of the dead goes. The ultimate unifying force, where all consciousness are united for eternity in perfect salvation. Dark energy sent it's only son Darth Vader to be born via immaculate conception in order to save us by dying for us. Dark energy cannot reveal itself because it is a test for our faith. You cannot know the mind or purpose of Dark energy or contest it's nature because it is immense and ineffable, however it's grace & love for you is free, boundless and unconditional. We are all equal, but I and only I know the mind of Dark energy exclusively because I am more favoured as I am righteous. Darth Vader loves you, don't give up on yourself !!
@@Niatnuom_Esiotrot thanks. Good reply. I like it.
A galaxy far far away
@@clownworld-honk410 I am glad you agree, the embrace of Dark energy's loving grace awaits you. There are serious consequences for holding false truths and worshipping false gods, you should renounce them as soon as you possibly can.
Dark what?
“I am the way, and the truth, and the life. No one comes to the Father except through me. If you had known me, you would have known my Father also. From now on you do know him and have seen him.” -JESUS
John 14:6-7
It's all about nothing, a pure waste of time.
What do you mean
@@audettere Watching these guys (modern theoretical physicists) is a pure waste of time because they have no idea what they are talking about, that is *pure* fantasy, better to say pure idiocy.
@@odiupickusclone-1526 they guess seem to be guessing about things that don't even matter
He got his teeth fixed and hair plugs. Damn lol