Is Dark Energy Decaying?
ฝัง
- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 25 ก.ย. 2024
- Brian Greene and Michael Levi discuss revolutionary observations that may upend our cosmological understanding.
This program is part of the Big Ideas series, supported by the John Templeton Foundation.
Participants:
Micheal Levi
Moderator:
Brian Greene
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#worldsciencefestival #Darkenergy #desi #briangreene #physics
BRIAN GREENE BEEN DROPPING NEW VIDS EVERY FEW DAYS AND ITS AMAZING
You don't have to scream... he's been doing that for years now...
Greene is a bafoon.
"Did I say anything smart"? Totally relatable 😅
Brian, I have to say we find this model superior to the usual group discussions. Besides the personal details and anecdotes, it comes across with better discussion of the core science. Keep up the good work!
wrong
@@mehridinexcuse me? Some of are trying to eat lunch
Loving this series of conversations by Brian Greene!❤
I agree. The group ones just feel like a presentation. This gives you more of the back story and helps understand how it feels to make the discoveries.
@@CarolH2O BG for president of the United States of America?
What a fantastic conversation. Especially the part around the experimental design and challenges. Michael Levi's passion & excitement was so palpable.
Brian always translates a bunch of gibberish i don’t understand into a language i can comprehend - a real master at teaching
Its still gibberish in the light of day.
His presentation on special relativity is brilliant. There's a 2.5 hour version for numpties like me and an 11.5 hour version with all the equations for the boffins.
Always enjoy professor Greene's world science festival. I'm absolutely intrigued by the subject. Though it's 2.5σ it's enough to go forward for further investigation. Finding the answer is most important... BC those answers shall create more questions. Which is the fun part.
lets give out props to the engineers
give them more tools i say
@@aaroncfriedman what tools should i give them? I got a little box full of 'em
Thank you very much 🌈World Science Festival!
As always, thank you Brian and WSF.
Please keep these coming! I keep learning so much, these talks are truly priceless, thank you for everything you do for us Brian!
fantastic discussion guys! love the channel! : )
This should be called “When the government says “thank you, we’ll take it from here””
I remember getting excited when I first heard about the blind analysis approach with this observation.
I didn’t even know there was a name for the don’t peek at the results approach to testing, but I guess we all do this when we prioritize accuracy over information bias. 😂
You have to appreciate the hard work put in to get these results!
This is both interesting and scary. If the cosmological constant isn’t actually a constant. What other rules of physics are not constant? Is it possible that the laws of nature change over time? Will it ever change to something incredibly hostile to life and orders of complexity?
If the multiverse is the true nature of things, then yes, the constants change all the time, but we never see any change that would be catastrophic to us. An interesting thought is that, if I were to ever get on a large spaceship going to another planet, some change that would be catastrophic *to Earth but not the spaceship* could occur, since I am safe on the spaceship. From the perspective of those on Earth though, they would be fine, but in a parallel universe.
Whenever I watch the World Science Festival videos, I double check if I clicked the like button or not. I always love them. ❤
Don't double click though. 😅
Briliant Brian. Extraorinarilly interesting and exciting conversation with Michael Levi. For a person to invest years of his life into inventing new equipment to examine a theory is absolutely fascinating.
Great guest with very interesting research and results to talk about. What a pleasure!
What a super interesting discussion. Thank you to everyone involved.
@1:02:33 the dotted line should be highlighted on the right side of the chart and the highlight should move to the left. The team mistakenly did the opposite here.
I was thinking same thing.
Listening to Mr. Levi describe the engineering of a modern telescope -- collecting a few thousand precious photons from galaxies thousands of light years away -- I sat there with my mouth hanging open in genuine awe before I realized that I hadn't done anything but listen and think and marvel in a full ten minutes.
Carnegie Science channel has just posted a presentation by Dr. Guillermo Blanc on a very related topic and a test equipment.
Thank you for educating the masses, Dr. Greene.
Thank you Brian.. your work is food for my curiosity and gives joy… .
Thanks Brian from 🇳🇿 ❤
I remember the plate plotting well. That is so amazing how much this has developed.
Ok thanks for all the good information about the cosmos love your videos and to the sound quality of your voice its amazing keep up all them vids
This was so good. Incredibly interesting.
Space is also not flat in the measures of time and distance in larger scales just like the Earth is not flat on larger scales. Light MUST indeed travel at the speed of light C. When distance is stretched light must travel that distance in the time determined by C. That means the light is traveling faster as perceived by us in a more contracted frame of reference. Add to that the fact that a second passes by faster away from the center of mass which increases the speed light MUST travel even more. It’s not complicated. It’s so simple. It’s the very reason things appear to be moving faster than the speed of light moving away from the center of the galaxy because they are moving faster yet without exceeding the speed of light. I don’t know why that is so hard to understand.
There are three rates to consider. 1. The diminishing effect or draw of gravity away from the center of mass. 2. The increasing rate of time away from the center of mass. 3. The increasing measure of distance away from the center of mass.
Speed is measured by time and distance which change and that changes the speed of light and causation. Distance gets longer without gravity and time goes by faster, both of which combine to speed up causation. The light has to arrive at a farther distance faster when distance is stretched *and* time also goes by faster. *Then* there is the first thing to consider and that is the diminishing draw of gravity which means things eventually slow down the farther away they are from the center mass of a galaxy. (It's not complicated.) 😎
Redshift happens when light leaves a galaxy. Blueshift happens as light enters a galaxy. All things being the same, the light will be redshifted and then blueshifted back again. Except we already know galaxies are different sizes. The distant galaxies that we can see are very large and the mass between here and there is large causing more redshift than our small galaxy can blueshift back to its original spectrum. The more distant a galaxy is the more accumulated gravity there is causing more redshift.
Finally, thank you for bringing this to the forefront. I’m so happy I can cry Dr. Green thank you thank you thank you for having this conversation about what’s up and what’s new and how to shift the gears. Thank you.
thank you Brian again
Another one already,excellent!
It's more like "something" (Inflaton-like or Inflaton itself) is decaying into Dark Energy.
Well that doesn't work. Our universe's expansion is accelerating.
Maybe I don't understand what you're trying to say. Could you expand?
@@xXxTeenSplayerI think he’s saying that the inflation of the universe is caused by something else, that dark matter is a byproduct of that process. It’s weird because dark matter symmetry of particles is important to justify our understanding of all the quarks.
Maybe he’s saying that causality is reversed for dark matter and that it just looks like it’s decaying in forward time, but inversely related to the inflation of the universe
Amazing talk...
great convo and great guest Brian!
I never knew they could use BAO as a standard ruler. I'd like to understand that more. Super hardcore and fascinating. 😃
19:30 -- This idea that lead into 'SNAP''(Supernova Acceleration Probe) & what it has grown into now, is incredible to say the least. On top of that, building these ~cameras that watch the cosmos, is even more incredible..
I knew that I knew very little when I got here. After watching I realized I knew less than what I thought I knew. That's when you know your've learned something.
I'm so glad I'm not the only one leaning toward the cyclical theory.
"The" cyclical theory? There's a few...
@@xXxTeenSplayer Cycling back around to a singularity. I was a mechanic for years. An engine combusting without an ignition source like heat by compression is not uncommon. It just makes sense to me In an applied science way. Not with diesel and oxygen, but more in a nuclear fusion way.
(Big crunch).
@@MadDragon75 Honestly that's the only way the universe has ever made sense to me. I like Sir Roger Penrose's cyclic cosmology better, because it ends (begins) with the heat death of our universe, which it looks like we're going to.
Crunch, or heat death, that won't be the end, IMO.
@@xXxTeenSplayer did roger penrose suggest a dozen years ago that dark matter also decays .i dont think brian greene liked roger telling him that string theory was a waste of time
@@harold22774 Possibly. But I don't think that's part of his current conformal ciclical theory.
Yeah, sting theory is pretty much pure mathematics. I'm not sure exactly of what use it will prove to be in the end, but we'll see.
💙 Brian
Fascinating
Hi 😊
Dark energy, with its enigmatic, non-constant nature, challenges our understanding of the cosmos, as it appears to evolve over time rather than remaining fixed. If dark energy continues to decay or change, what could this mean for the ultimate fate of the universe; could it lead to a dramatic shift in our cosmic future?"
Hello from Portugal....
Why the ellipsis (...)? What's happening in Portugal?
Much appreciation, this is a lifestyle vlog request for Dr Greene if possible, habits, food family etc. If you have one please refference it. Thank you in advance.
People might find some inspiration in ur well-being. Cheers.
Thanks so much for this conversation, it is easy for us laypeople to think so much more is known than actually is due to click-bait media in both print and web. So much to yet know. So cool and so humbling.
That detector gizmo is pretty much mind-blowing, in my opinion. Great video!
dont get it wet
The animation on the thumbnail of this video is epic
Looks like practice vs theory, one of the best episodes
Have we measured the energy output for gravitational waves?
Is spacetime capable of producing a casimir effect?
Loved watching the simulation on the tiny robots and especially the space/dark matter views. Really looking forward to hearing more data points. Always grateful for any possible theories as well.
Outstanding as always!!!!!!!!!!!
Hyped, I showed up just as it's kicking off!
Great interview!
I can't wait to hear the results of the analysis of the new data set! I love the excitement of waiting for a 5 sigma result!!!
13:32 literally the most wordy response to a much more basic question
Enjoyed the discussion. A note: under the heading ‘participants’, Prof Levi’s first name is incorrectly written
Is it possible that there's no dark energy - that the compounded force is attributable to the force of subatomic particles which repel each other - leading to expansion, except where gravitons create "pools" in space time? If so, is it possible that the "decay" is attributable to dilution of the density of particles which have repulsive force?
I think that's a better explanation than some ridiculous placeholder like "dark energy."
Wow! Superb watching and taking in knowledge from a real experimentalist - someone outside the churches of papers on papers - . (Even if interviewed by a priest trying to dismantle his dress of religion.)
I’m a relative layperson mathematically, but I have been following your channel and others in various theoretical scientific spaces from AI/Quantum computing to theoretical physics, and so far have been able to understand conceptually, if not mathematically.
I recently watched your video with Stephen Wolfram on the concept of calculating physics as opposed to measuring (a very dumbed down encapsulation of what your discussion was about, and the thing that fascinated me about that one and this one, as well as a few others, is the concept of space as discrete units and its version of the movement of these units being akin to fluid dynamics as an explanation of dark energy, and then how that could interplay with with the decay of dark energy suggested here. If space is expanding nodes of the discrete unit of space, it could explain the decay of the latent “energy” of the cosmos as the number of units expands the total energy decreases.
I am not sure if that makes any mathematical sense or if anyone can tell me why my understanding is wrong but I love the way these videos make me think.
ooh, ur outro jam is absolutely exquisite ^_^ its so cute, playful and pleasant but alsoo, totally en-capsules a sense of mystery lol.. as a frequent consumer of this sort of media, i would just like to say, very well done! ^_^ so often, you're more likely to come across an intro or outro that is..well, quite annoying >_< ..or ykno, sometimes.. the sound is just way off! usually by being too loud or distracting..either way, all unpleasant and today!, there was none of that here. nothing but a pleasant experience yet again ^_^ so, thanks sm for that ^_^ -EC
Entropy provides the power of spacetime acceleration. Declining availability of unique slopes describes the acceleration of the cosmos where the race is to populate the spacetime potential to find an integer solution to A Squared Plus B Squared is Equal to B+3 Squared, for the relation may be Congruent without integers.
very cool. nice result. and yeah i think the reason more 2.5 ish results go away than should according to the numbers that correponds to is just that more interesting results are more often published. but are also more often wrong, because if you make a mistake or get chanced, the result is likely more interesting, so so individually the results significance might be correct, but nobody hears about most of them :P.
May I please have the name of the artist who created the painting behind you?
pablo van gogh
@@mehridin LoL funny guy! I also like jokes.. What did the half of the particle-antiparticle pair that fell into the event horizon say to the half that didn't?
Are we real yet???
@mehridin Its "Black Hole" by Fabien Oefner. It's a paint drop on spin board photography piece.
He's my role model. I wanted to be a Physicist too❤
Hey guys, do you have an opinion?
I usually like to call LIGO a telescope .
Whilst LHC is a microscope.
Do you guys have a better word for LIGO than telescope?
It does not have a direction of view and it does not channel or amplify signals the way a telescope does
I think measurement tool is better.
Great stuff; that equipment is super sensitive, squeezing out as much data as possible. Such an interesting question, we need more clues on dark energy. Hopefully, we can test the theory of a limit of the energy expansion and challenge the cold death theory. Thanks for sharing.
19:37 I love the visual of these two experimentalists in an airport trying to figure out what test to run to explain their weird results, then Brian Greene just happens to stroll by like "hi can I help?"
Eventually it would be understood that osscilating torsions, along 1d-ish filaments bundle up to pull bundle back into configuration so that it doesn't dissolve. This process would create a different matter maybe? Like dark matter? Which matches this idea of decaying dark matter
I didn’t expect to see these MCU-level animations 😳😳
So exactly how are you supposed to read the graph? My take is that less than 1.0 means the expansion is slower than expected at that time and greater than 1.0 means it's faster. Is that correct, and if so it means the rate of expansion is slower than expected over the past 8 billion year or so?
The expansion is why the stars are so far from us, we we live in the center, the universe is young and created. My thoughts.
One millionth of a second is too fast for us to remember or experience, so it’s fair to say that in that short span of time we have no sense of being or our sense of being doesn’t exist. The span of time we can remember or be aware of is joined together by spans of time that are too fast for us to be able to take any notice of, so how is it possible to have a sense of being at all.
Let’s imagine an atom moves an extremely short distance. The span of time it takes for this atom to move this extremely short distance is too short of a time interval for us to be aware of anything, so where were we, or where was our sense of being.
To us, the universe, a hurricane, or an infinitely long line of dominos that are falling down, does not have a sense of being according to us. Say one day feels like one second to us, but one second just feels like one second to the person standing next to us, then according to the person standing next to us our sense of being does not exist.
So what if we as conscious beings are both ourselves, as well as the universe. We can be ourselves where one second feels like one second, and at the same time we can be the universe, which solves the problem as not consciously existing at extremely short time spans.
At extremely short time spans that are too fast for us to be aware of anything, we can’t say that we are different individuals because we don’t exist. Every one could be the universe.
Imagine two zero dimensional points. These two zero dimensional points are not in any particular space, or are not separated by any space but are separated by time. Nonetheless, even though these two zero dimensional points are separated by time, they both still exist simultaneously.
Let’s say one second was like one second to one of these zero dimensional points, but one second was like one day to the other one. That would make perfect sense as to why the two points are separated by time but still both exist simultaneously. So everyone could be their individual selves, an at the same time every one makes the universe. All numbers are the same because all a number really is is jus the digit one that is a certain way up the number line, but the boundaries in between numbers really are different to the digit ones each side of them. So one of these two zero dimensional points that are experiencing time different from each other could be a boundary in boundary in between numbers, and the other could be a digit one that makes a number. Our sense of being may not be zero dimensional but four dimensional. We need to be focusing on a colour to have a sense of being, even if we are just imagining it, which involves time going by. If one hundred years went on while we had no sense of being, it would be like a flash to us.
One week goes around in a circle, repeating itself after completing the circle. If you have an appointment booked for Friday and gets changed to the Thursday before, Friday and Thursday have switched places with each other in a blink of an eye or an infinitely fast split second. The two days have switched places with each other but have not taken any time to do so.
Imagine if the 7 days of the week forming the circle were still or frozen, so each of the 7 days were just 3 dimensional spaces that don’t involve any time going by. The week involves time, but because the 7 days that make up the circular week are still 3 dimensional spaces, they don’t involve any time.
If an appointment for Friday gets changed to the Thursday before, Friday has switched places with Thursday infinitely fast. If Friday keeps switching places with the 6 other days around the circle infinitely fast non stop, Friday would take up all the other days spots up at the same time. All the 7 days around the circle are still or frozen 3 dimensional spaces, so if Friday is taking up the 6 other day’s places up all at once, Friday would now be made up of time turning it from 3 dimensional to 4 dimensional. And the six other days would have to all fit into Friday’s space all at once forming one 3 dimensional day.
So we have Friday switching places with all the other days infinitely fast non stop taking filling the 6 other days places all at once becoming 4 dimensional, and the 6 other days are not switching around the circle but they would all have to all make one 3 dimensional day to fit into the space Friday is leaving behind. So Friday is forming a 4 dimensional day, and the six other days are making one 3 dimensional day.
Let’s say the 7 frozen 3 dimensional days forming the circle all stay in their places, not switching with other days. If Friday was separated by the 6 other days by time, but the 6 other days were not separated by each other by time, the 6 other days would form one 4 dimensional entity because they are not separated by time. The 6 other days are only separated from Friday by time. So the same thing is now happening as if Friday were switching spaces with the 6 other days around the circle infinitely fast non stop. When Friday stay’s in its space, Friday is the 3 dimensional day and the 6 other days make the 4 dimensional thing. When Friday switches places with the 6 other days infinitely fast non stop the other 6 days become one 3 dimensional day and Friday becomes 4 dimensional.
When the 7 frozen 3 dimensional days forming the circle remain in their places, because the 6 other days are not separated by each other by time, the 6 make one 4 dimensional thing. But because the 6 are separated by Friday by time, Friday makes the 3 dimensional day.
The 4 dimensional thing can be red and the 3 dimensional day can be blue.
Let’s say there are two zero dimensional points, and these two zero dimensional points are the only two colours that exist, each being red and blue. Let’s say each of these two zero dimensional points are themselves composed of individual zero dimensional points mixed together. If the two zero dimensional points both split apart so the individual zero dimensional points that made them are dispersed, you might think the two colours that the two zero dimensional points were don’t exist any more. But if all these dispersed points formed a circle like the 7 day week with frozen 3 dimensional days, the two colours could still exist even though the two zero dimensional points have split apart.
So we could be the 4 dimensional thing and at the same time be the 3 dimensional day.
Let’s say there are two groups of people. Let’s say that time can’t move on until one person leaves one group and enters the other group. If that is the case, then person B from the left group would have to leave their group and enter the right group at the exact same time as person A is leaving the right group and entering the left group.
Imagine a circle composed of 20 frozen 3 dimensional days. Each frozen day was either red or blue. So it goes red red blue blue blue red red blue blue and so on. Let’s imagine each frozen days being like a right or left group. If one day switched with the day next to it that is a different colour, all the other days would each switch with the days next to them that are a different colour at the exact same time.
Thank you! 🎉
As a kid who learned about the big bang, I imagined that our universe must eventually collapse back into a singularity prior to the next big bang. Maybe I was right.
Love this forum.
I don't understand what the number is with a decimal point and many zeros. Can someone explain?
Finally a video that doesn't include roger penrose. That name has driven me crazy as of lately. Too many mentions. Finally a roger free vid 😊
That was very exciting and I love the sincere enthusiasm of Michael Levi. In My thought model where Quarks are held together by the Higgs Field at the beginning dynamic energy (matter) becomes entrapped in a static energy field (primordial Higgs Field) and that settles out as atomic matter, but the Higgs Field in that time is far more dense so the Field Intensity Gradient would be steeper with more intense Gravity. Then 12 billion years later the Field Intensity Gradient is less intense as matter moves further apart. In this notion though the death of the universe comes where the Higgs Field can no longer contain matter energy and matter dis integrates in a flash of light as Linear Energy returns to the Pre Universal State. But the birth to Death of the Universe is not a zero sum game unless Static Energy Loops (Higgs Field) can transition to Linear Energy and all emitted photons can somehow attain the same energy level of Matter Linear energy, which once the transmission rate detergent of the Higgs Field no longer exists all energy can revert, in principle, to infinite speed. And perhaps in that way the Universe recycles.
for me it is almost impossible to imagine there not being any time variance at all, would be strange to live in a world where something like inflation happens and then its just a flat curve in terms of the derrivatives. :P.
Exhilarating! Thank you both for the presentation. 1:02:40 💥💥💥💥💥👏👏👍👍
It was at the 9:00 mark Brian that I can relate to. I am workign on the most ludicrous theory out there and that doubt is what is preventing me from releasing it to the world.
I discovered Atlantis. If only someone like yourself would comment on this, it would go a long way to helping me get over that fear.
Is it a flood metaphor like the Babylonian and Jewish mono myth?
@@danielpaulson8838 Im not sure what you are asking exactly. The flood was not a metaphor, and nor was it 'mono'. There were several flood events that occured over the last 12,000 years or so.
@@TheImmortuary You answered. You think it’s real. 😂
@@danielpaulson8838 I know its real, you on the other hand, are an NPC.
@@TheImmortuary Yah, put up a video on it. Blabbering is the easiest thing for nincompoops to do. Name calling and crying.
Extraordinary I'm still riveted by the last one but I'd like to know who are the participants and who is the physicist who works with NASA
How are we going to celebrate birthday if we don’t have a definite time ?
Something I've been confused by, Dr. Greene. If time slows down as velocity increases, and the expansion of the universe is accelerating, shouldn't time be slowing down universally? To my knowledge, no model takes this into account.
The expansion of the space of the universe is accelerating but that doesn’t mean the objects in the Universe are accelerating. If time is slowing as the universe ages, it’s not because of velocity increases due to the accelerating universe.
57:00 That's Awesome!
I dont see why the nature of the 1A varies slightly by the composition. I think it is plain silly to think that they are all exactly the same. I think beyond that proximity to things we dont understand likely also play a role. But our pathetic understanding should be suitable enough until it is not.
clever spectroscopy, great sense of catching photons, nano-fiber optics, sensitive
Diluting mass accelerates time exponentially.
@1:00:00 - if the universe doesn't collapse, but instead the rate of acceleration increases which possibly leads to "the big rip." I've heard in that scenario that atoms will eventually be ripped apart, but what about gluons? Isn't another set of gluons is created when torn apart? Would the whole universe be filled with gluon plasma at some point? What about the "fabric" of space? Can it be torn apart by this "force"? (My apologies if these questions are ignorant)
Unbelievable sensitive tech to watch cosmos moving. History writing study. 😮
Where's the kuiper belt anti matter extractors
I am amazed at the effort put into these experiments. Theory is just an hallucination without empirical data. I congratulate the participants in this study and support the idea that we should be investing more in scientific experimentation. One would expect that error bars in distances and angular separations would be significantly different; angular separation being significantly more precise. To say something about the time evolution of the cosmological constant spectroscopy data has more weight of which precision depends on the experiment apparatus. Mixing data of various precision in calculations are somewhat analogous to coming up with stiff matrices where there are orders of magnitudes differences in the eigenvalues where magnification of inputs are very sensitive to input direction. I was thinking whether the fibers themselves be sensitive to certain frequencies and we would use significantly many more fibers instead of assigning a single fiber per galaxy. This would solve the problem of precision in the fiber location; if the image is shifted the fiber bundle that now has image can will provide the data. The tracking of the individual galaxies then can be done by computation instead of aligning some physical apparatus. I am not sure if it is possible to manufacture a range of frequency sensitive fibers; we have color LEDs which can also act as like lights sensors but we only have a few colors in LEDs.
of course it is... I say Entropy is constant...
Could we not say that the expansion of the universe is due to the expansion of the space-time ? As the time is moving forward with the speed of light , so is the space, and hence the expansion of the universe?
So does this change our view of the long term future of the universe?
Fantastic! 🤩
if the universe is expanding that means the longevity of the universe is stretched. Will the expansion stop? If the universe is expanding does that mean more stars or more galaxies, as the patterns will be repeated or entirely new patterns will be created ? It's more interesting to see if new intelligent beings will emerge in billion years from now.
Thanks. I understand 20%, but love the other 80%. 😅.
A thought. Is space-time continuous or quantized? What would be the consequences of either?
The plank length proves the universe is quantized (or at least the things that have to be in it). we haven’t found evidence it’s continuous yet. It could be a fabric of tiny wormholes (the gluon force that holds quark pairs together)
A cyclic universe sounds wholesome.
It's just as likely that dark energy globs throb. Oscillations are more common in nature than discrete start-stop locomotion, I think we can all agree.