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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 29 ก.ย. 2024
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It was the dawn of 1863, and London's not-yet-opened subway system - the first of its kind in the world - had the city in an uproar. Most people thought the project, which cost more than 100 million dollars in today's money, would never work. So how did they do it? Christian Wolmar explains how the London Underground was built at a time when no one had built a railway under a city before.
Lesson by Christian Wolmar, animation by TED-Ed.
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I'm 23, it's a bit late but can I join? I have dreams too
TED-Ed I have a question for the clubs.. I checked the site and I only saw options to start one.. and I kinda just want to join one instead of making one... Would that be possible?.. As I would love to be a part of a TedEd club..
i like turltles
video about Opera please. Especially about Maria Callas.
Sorry Ted but the first Subway was built in New York but closed, then the subway in London was built. London is therefore the oldest now operational but not the first, not what started it.
Also the London Underground map was arguably a revolutionary design in of itself. Great upload TED Ed.
Why was it revolutionary?
TheRenaissanceman65 your comment deserves more upvotes
Well ahead of its time. Even by comparison of the US
@@postvideo97 doesnt it make sense that if they were the first railway, their map design and everything else they did would be copied by everyone else?
@@donnie8032 not if it didn’t work as an info graphic
Would have been superseded by designs that worked better
The fact that it’s still used to this day as the blueprint shows how well the original designer did his job
London does love its own transport. Including the London Underground, London Overground, Emirates Air-Line cable car, Docklands Light Railway, Tramlink, Buses, Taxis, Santander bike hire, TfL Rail, National Rail (including Thameslink) and of course the Elizabeth Line which is to open next year.
tfl rail and elizabeth line is basically the same thing
Thanks Charles Pearson
Nice, thank you
You've missed quite a few cities with metros/subways on your map @3:59, e.g. Melbourne, Australia.
I have a question : Why most rapid transit systems in Europe named "metro", such Paris Metro, Moscow Metro, Kiev Metro, Metro de Madrid, Prague Metro or Budapest Metro?
The second oldest subway system after the 'London Underground' is called the 'İstanbul Tünel' which had opened in 1874, so not all of the oldest ones have 'Metro' in their names
What is going on with that map at 4:01? I don't think there's a metro in northern Quebec, especially not where they say, which is a village of fewer than 500 people.
You forgot to mark Johannesburg on the map, it's a hybrid line but still one of the only ones in Africa , worth mentioning. ;)
I learned about this in my class
There are under ground in Sydney
_On the right track_
I see what you did there...
Okay fine Imma' head out!
This is probably the best to further economic development.
Does anyone agree with that?
there's one in Sumatra, Indonesia??
I wish they had said something about operations -- imagine how much you would get gassed every day by riding behind a steam locomotive in a tunnel.
Sadly some of the tunnels are disused.
Put it this way: London had a working metro system at the same time that slavery was legal in parts of America.
Oof
Oof
yes the same time the uk was was exploiting and looting off of its colonies
@@전브렌트
Not much "Looting" to be honest.
All the Colonies would not be Rich as said without the help of the British.
Two very different "underground railroads" at the time
1863 London had commuters, street vendors and cows. Wonder how London dealt with that problem. Multiple lines of tube transport a 140 years ago. London was the truly the Rome of 19th century.
Ankur Brahma Interestingly, London started out as an ancient Roman outpost for when the Romans occupied Britannia. It was originally called Londonium.
Lots and lots of people made a living cleaning the streets ...
In France we always learned the first subway was in Paris but I believe that may be because we stretch the definition to include tramways.
What Paris had first (or rather second, after Nantes) was urban buses, not trams or underground railways.
british inventions vs american inventions
how many?
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TED-Ed was thinking abt the same. Anyways, thanks for this informative video :")
I love your channel!
TED-Ed Nice video! ❤Ted-Ed
Hi TED! Long time subscriber! Just had a question: If you could, can you make a video about how the bridges on the interstate, or over large bodies of water, are built? Thanks for all of the awesome lessons!
Problem with the map is the lack of a dot on the City of Cape Town.
For anyone wondering, the Metropolitan Railway is now the Metropolitan Line on today’s London tube map, and the station they animated is now part of the Circle Line, at Baker Street
So that’s the station Sherlock Holmes used back in the day. Interesting
0:58 and that is why many countries call their underground trains "metro" - named after the 1st underground train the metropolitan line.. useless fact: i used to take that train from moor park to baker street every day for work :P
Yep, in russian language, for example, "metropoliten" means subway.
In Germany it's called "U-Bahn", for "Undergroun train"
To any tourists getting off at Baker Street (when travel is actually allowed again 🙄) do not go to the sherlock Holmes museum. It's a complete waste of money lol.
@@hankjones7054 😅🤣😂 why are you saying that? Lol
'Underground' is also the specific name only for London's subway
Man I love education videos
Ordinary Potato ""educational"" videos
Just saying: Budapest is way out of place on that map.
Yeah, looks like it's around Zwickau or Karlovy Vary and certainly isn't in Hungary. "Berlin" isn't much better as it looks to be somewhere near Bonn (although at least it's in the right country).
What's the point in using a map if you're not even going to get it roughly right?
They also place 3 cities around the Hudson Bay that supposedly have Subway systems? I don't know what city they mean.
So was NYC
Also Chicago wasn’t even on the map.
Not to mention that in Canada, the subway is in the most northern part of Quebec where less than a few thousand live.
I just love ted-ed they explain very easily....❤
not to even mention the animations! their animation team must be amazingly hard working
And straight to the point!!
Pretty cool! But let me say, the Londoner`s call their subway "underground"... The word subway is more american style, not british
Garnele 81 Underrated comment!!!
Londoners also call Underground as "the Tube" for deep level lines constructed by tunnel drilling machine
We also call it the tube
When someone says "Subway", I think "Really rubbish sandwich shop".
@@_Rhort So true. It's rubbish
I subbed for the cheesy puns at the end :)
+Arbaaz Patwari U don't get it, do u ?
he meant to say
"He *Subbed* ..........."
"Started at the right track" the puns at the end of the vids always make me smile.
When your country has no subway trains. Sad.
Edit: We will have now haha. The construction will end in 2025.
Edit: We also have trains (I think we have 5 or 6 lines if I'm not mistaken) but when we say subway, we tend to refer it as an underground train system. Right now the construction is ongoing and expected to end in 2025.
Where do you live?
In France we always learned the first subway was in Paris but I believe that may be because we stretch the definition to include tramways.
Africa
Debo Datta that place has a subway🤨, i had no idea, i thought it had to many canals
Jaraiya Builds ...no
Have lived in London for our entire lives and did not know that about the metropolitan line! It's weird to consider that gridlock could still occur back then simply with carts and the like! Great video as always Ted-Ed!
How did they solve the exhaust problem?
In London, they electrified the underground lines so that steam and grime wouldn't fill the stations.
Well, I mean..before that? Or it was electrified train all along?
They had ventilation shafts
I believe they were steam powered at first, but that caused so many problems due to exhaust underground and in the stations that they looked for solutions, and electrification was the one selected.
Early on, during the cut-and-cover phase, the lines were shallow enough to allow ventilating the smoke. The deeper lines required electrification.
While London built a subway, my country, Korea, was designing a first national map.
What a great city, London.
But look at the glory of your country now! One of the most technologically superior and prosperous countries in the world. Korea, Japan and Taiwan are beacons of freedom in Asia.
@Phúc Hoàng Đăng love to Vietnam 🇻🇳 from UK 🇬🇧
The weird part is that even in 2018, I'm still amazed with this innovation that dued in the 19th century!
Watching animations of expanding multi-colored dotted lines gives me an irrationally strong urge to play Mini Metro.
I love that game 😅
ITs POUNDS NOT DoLLaR never say that when it's an English thing
I recently took a trip to Europe form the USA. I went to London and was amazed at everything. One of my favorite things was the London Underground station that was directly under our hotel, St. Pancras. The trains go extremely fast and you will get to your destination quicker than a car shoots out exhaust. Seriously, if you’ve never been out of your country, you will love London. Please like this comment! And by the way, I am the youngest person for 5 generations back to go to Europe. Yes, I’m 10 years old. Boo-Yah! Man, was that fun!
I would have thought Glasgow, the third subway system in the world, would have been mentioned in that list. Great video. Would love to see one on the various ways used to move the carriages.
세계 최초의 지하철도에 대해서 굉장히 유익한 내용이었습니다. 처음 지하철도를 만들 때 땅을 파서 터널을 만들고 다시 땅을 덮는 방법을 사용한 줄 몰랐는데, 그 뒤로 지하에 바로 구멍을 뚫을 수 있는 기계가 발명돼서 지하철이 지금처럼 널리 퍼지게 된 것 같습니다. 항상 유익한 동영상 감사합니다.
That dot for NYC was quite out of place. Also, Boston’s subway was the first in the US
Even as a Londoner I am always fascinated by the underground map
Wh’s watching during quarantine ?
"Scars can come in handy. I have one myself above my left knee that is a perfect map of the London underground."
Dumbledore!
One of the funniest things in Harry Potter.😂😂
Love you ted ed
Every video is so interesting!
How did the fumes come out of the tunnel?
yeah, how did they vented all the smoke?
xam yam Lungs.
if i'm not mistaken, the metro had open-air spots along the way to allow the smoke to be released outside. there is a famous house in London that looks normal from the front but there's actually nothing on the back, it's just the facade, and it was built to hide the stretch of railroad behind it that was open above the surface.
Robert Jarman lol
There were regular air vents all along the route. If you go to many central stations, however, the ceilings and brickwork above the tracks are still covered in soot from that time...
Also, as early as 1890 electric trains were introduced, and by the turn of the century all new trains were electrically powered, so all of the deep-bored tunnels, even the early ones, didn't need any ventilation except at the stations themselves for passengers and pressure equalisation due to the tunnel effect.
4:56 = "London was at a permanent state of Deadlock"
*Me* ="Metro Manila, every day in Deadlock especially during evening Rush Hour... Ladies & Gentlemen welcome to EDSA!"
I agree po
oo puta ahaahahhhahahah
London was like edsa. If you have looked at old photos and drawings of london, the roads looked similar to edsa. It was caotic and nobody moved for ages. That is why duterte wants to build a subway. So that, like london, the subways will minimise congestion on the roads :)
3:54 I didn't know Berlin was near Belgium and Budapest was in Germany
My country still has no underground railways.
Tom Bombadil Metro is overrated. Eagles are way more efficient
EEEAAAGGLLLEEEEE!
As a passenger it's a lot more pleasant looking at scenery than a loud underground tube
Prancing over the hills is surely the most efficient method of transport anyway
Malta might be?
3:49 they missed out Glasgow
If you skip to 3:57 you can see Glasgow on there
And Newcastle
@@GreggBlenks newcastle has no underground does it?
@@bn56would yeah it does, it's called the Metro
@@callumloughlin5565 But Glasgow's subway was opened before Paris and Berlin, so it really deserved a mention on the first map.
Mentions New York but not Boston, America's first subways system, smh
Yep. Absolutely shameful that THE first rapid transit system in the Americas was not mentioned.
The London Underground was the first and most influential underground train network, others such as the American, French and German systems followed its example.
@Craig F. Thompson ever heard of London Themes Tunnel under water tunnel built in 1825? it was not just underground but underwater, and Railway was also invented in Britain so by British Richard Trevithick and world's first Train the locomotive invented by British George Stephenson, even first train in USA had to import from Britain called the Stourbridge Lion and John Bull Locomotive
@Craig F. Thompson Thames Tunnel was built in 1825 it was underwater tunnel, so advanced, and Brooklyn tunnel was built in 1900 i think
@Craig F. Thompson what is your point? World's first railroad tunnel was still invented in Derbyshire, Britain called Stoddart Tunnel in 1796 and Railway, Locomotive and Train were all invented in Britain in 1804 by Richard Trevithick and George Stephenson, Everything was invented in Britain as World's first Industrial Revolution happened in Britain, Britain created the first industrialized modern world. Britain invented Steam Engine by Thomas Newcomen and James Watt which led to basically everything in this modern world
awesome video #TED-Ed
The first deep level underground railway stations in the world opened to the public in 1886 were Liverpool James Street, and Birkenhead Hamilton Square, in the UK. These stations are still in use today and together with other underground stations in central Liverpool form part of the Mersey Rail network.
I love how apparently (at least according to this world map), there are subway networks near the Hudson Bay, which has a population density of less than 1 person per square kilometer, but not in Toronto, Canada's largest city.
And sjw's pretend Great Britain achieved nothing.
Hahaha. The jealousy. The bitterness.
How absolutely mind blowing this technology is. And in today's world it's looked at as normal, "easy" work. A lot of people don't realize the work that actually goes into this. Truly amazing stuff.
If you intend to travel to London, please:
MIND THE GAP.
2:32 you mean the London eye
Miss Purple nope that was built much later around the year 2000..
4:00 "more than 160 cities" with a subway system, but map shows dots in northern Canada where there's no cities to start with. ;)
Your world map of underground railway systems did not include any Australian systems. Melbourne’s City Loop May not be as extensive as the London Underground or the New York Subway, but it’s there and extremely busy!
I really like the way they animate these videos. It must take so much time!
I’ve travelled on the Metropolitan hundreds of times! I’m proud to know it’s the first of its kind!
you put budapest in the wrong place
Nazeem old bean , Budapest is in the right place , you silly old sausage !
@@swarthyjake4433 it isn't.
Why did you call your channel “Ted-Ed”? Were the first people there named Ted and Ed? Or just Ted, and the Ed is for Education?
TED=Technology, Education, and Design. Ed= Education. So it's technology, education, design, and education lol
@@Vivi-cd1ic It's Technology Entertainment Design
I didn't know London was very modern even in the 1860s ,its so ahead of it's time, that it rivals of the earliest achievements that humanity has accomplished through technology
Britain was the first industrial nation (Industrial Revolution). It’s the country that shaped the world we live in today.
I'm starting to get fascinated by England's History, from the vikings Era to the second world war
england is the antoganist and the villain of this world
Stagonomius
We are one of the main reasons why the world is so advanced as it is today, in many parts of society. Rule Britannia.🇬🇧
@@erdoflopman2147 Antagonist? More like the protagonist.
the Butcher's Apron.
@@JJaqn05 i must agree with the Flopman guy, they kinda were the antoganist 🤨
3:49
“Budapest…” *Puts in Berlin*
“Berlin…” *Puts in Luxembourg*
“…and New York” *Puts in Ontario*
3:56 you just put dots randomly on the map…
In Philippines Just this year of 2021-2022 (Pandemic Xi-Viruses Era) On going 1st ever Underground Subway Train Station.🙏
Thank you TED for making this world a little bit better :)
0:24 158 years later and we would still have people believing that kind of thing.
Why are you calling it subway and not metro? I mean the word metro developed from the Metropolitan Railway (although it's not used in London) and also metro is the standard term for these kinds of rapid transit systems
SimonHellinger Americans
Doesn't Britons use "underground" instead of "metro".
MarioFanGamer well Underground is only the one in London, Glasgow has the subway and Newcastle has the Tyne-and-Wear Metro but (as a non-native) I think metro is accepted as a general term
We either call it the tube or the underground, but mostly the tube, as that's it's official name. We call it that from the shape of the tunnels, like said in the video
MarioFanGamer we say the tube
How the lighting was provided in 1863?
Was it suffocating? Mean air passage...
Great upload, thank you for this. Been on the London undergrouind many times (I live a long way up north in Yorkshire) and it is always exciting and a great way to move around the city without using congested roads.
3:59 Your map omits several Canadian cities, but "builds" subways in relatively unpopulated areas near Hudson's Bay and Northern Quebec. Great research :^/
Every location on the map is skewed. It's by design
The first carriages did not have windows. Shows you the level of research going into these videos...
"London, at the time the world's most largest and prosperous city" at 1:04. London was prosperous because it was built by looted wealth from its colonies especially India.
38th view
Great animation Keep it up
Ted ed
The animation in Ted-ed is so on point!
4:03 those dots near the Hudson’s bay and James bay in Canada (Ontario and Quebec) are definitely NOT correct. Those are tiny First Nations villages not even connected to the road networks or power grid!
I was scrolling through the comments trying to see if anyone else noticed this. Thanks for pointing it out lol.
The narrator has the smoothest voice!
It's like candy floss!
chicaago?!?!?? i'm sorry but the red/blue lines at least totally count it as a subway.
Hmmm, according to the dots on the map provided there are subways in the Canadian arctic?
Qualcuno avrebbe voglia di scrivermi un riassuntino che devo fare un compito di inglese??
Thanks! I've always wondered how the metro was made, particularly in a city like London!
It's the underground or tube. Not a subway since it is a British invention
nah its a subway cause the internet is a American invention
Elvina Chidley It’s actually a metro that’s the general term
I call it the underground because it is a British invention. I don't care how invented the internet or the Computer, that is an entirely different issue especially since Computers can refer to two entirely different things in terms of history, because it doesn't matter. So long as you are speaking English and refering to the underground, the correct comes from the country that invented it not the country that later used it
Jara So? The most used term for football is football, been around since the middle ages (in Europe), yet the Americans call it Soccer.
Elvina Chidley The word soccer originated in England too.
Visited London for the first time earlier this year, great city!!! I’m not sure why but during my time there I grew very fascinated with the Underground and now I want to learn everything about it.
How did they vent all that smoke?
The video doesn't really portray the exhaust correctly. The pre-electric locomotives had condensers, which meant that emissions were kept to a minimum- but the cooling water for the condensers reached boiling point quite quickly, so frequent water changes were required (luckily the trains had to stop every few hundred metres for the stations anyway).
Alexander McGrath large sections were open air, they built facades in front to look like normal buildings.
great animation!
Maybe the Chicago Elevated should have its video next.
**Budapest**
*"Points at Berlin"*
Subways don't always work due to things such as floods.
*Laughs in overhead railways*
You mean overground? Overhead railways wouldn't make sense because that means the train would be going under the rail...
Yay, I got a birthday upload
Anyah Kearney happy b-day!
Anyah Kearney happy birthday 😊
l'aimé de dieux thank you
Itz Coffvii thanks
+Anyah Kearney 18 ?
( ͡° ͜ʖ ͡°)
When the map appeard of the subways the first thing that i saw was São Paulo,Brazil and thought
"I need to suffer there almost everyday..."
100 years from now people will talk the same way about elon musks hyperloop thats what first struck my mind before this videos i never thought of its feasability only thought of it as a pipe dream.
>pipedream
Watch ThunderFoot videos
First of all Elon Musk is only pitching the idea. Which is actually already an idea of someone else.
I love this video. And the London Underground is so far my favorite underground. But..... in your map there are points which do not represent actual underground systems, as far as I know there is no underground system in any city in the Guajira Peninsula. Also, the points surrounding it are completely misplaced, some of them are in the see.
The next innovation will be an underground airport. Make this happen, Elon Musk or else you'll be remembered as a colossal failure.
Funny how they mentioned the other cities which opened underground metro systems but didnt mention the The Istanbul Tunnel which had opened in 1875, being the 2nd oldest metro system after the London one mentioned in the video
First
I remember the line of a GTA IV pedestrian: "I should have taken the subway. I knew it!
Hopefully the goverment will make underground car parking everywhere in London
Hopefully the private car will be abolished in cities.
Correctrix 👍
One of England's greatest achievements.
Why the re-upload?
Hi Quinius! Yes, there was a glitch in the original post, so we had to take it down and re-post. Thanks so much for sticking with us! We hope you enjoy the lesson!
Oh, OK. No problem. I watched and liked again to help.
Thanks so much, Quinius!
ugh, please don't refer to the tube as a "subway system"
@no no: Calling the London Tube a "subway" is about as wrong as calling a lift an "elevator" - it's a matter on whether the person is American (like the narrator) or British. Of course, no Londoner calls the Tube a "subway" because London is British and they use "underground" instead of "subway" but this video was made with the American vocabulary instead of the British one.
MarioFanGamer I wasn't saying it's the wrong term because it's an americanism, it's wrong because the tube isn't a subway system. new york city has a subway, london has the underground
MarioFanGamer like, of course londoners wouldn't USE the word subway in the same way we wouldn't use "sidewalk", but if someone referred to a pavement as a sidewalk I wouldn't say they're wrong, they're just using a different word - but the tube is not a subway
no no Please elaborate
StayFrosty I don't know what more I can say. lead is not gold and the underground is not a subway system
4:02... wtf map am i looking at where there are metro lines in remote parts of quebec and ontario???