The $130B Plan to Replace the U.S.’s Nuclear Missiles | WSJ Equipped

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  • เผยแพร่เมื่อ 14 พ.ค. 2024
  • About 450 Cold War-era Minuteman nuclear missiles were only supposed to last 10 years. But now, these ICBMs have defended the U.S. for more than 50. The Air Force is planning to spend $130 billion on replacing them to boost the U.S. nuclear defense strategy with a new modern iteration-the Sentinel missile.
    WSJ explains the science and strategy behind nuclear missiles and the logistical challenges of the Sentinel project.
    Chapters:
    0:00 Expired ICBMs
    0:42 The U.S.’s nuclear triad
    3:12 Weaknesses
    5:00 What’s next for the Sentinel project?
    Equipped
    Equipped examines military innovation and tactics emerging around the world, breaking down the tech behind the weaponry and its potential impact.
    #Military #ICBM #WSJ

ความคิดเห็น • 1.5K

  • @0GraviT
    @0GraviT หลายเดือนก่อน +402

    37% over budget is probably the best a US military project ever achieved 💀

    • @LordBillington42
      @LordBillington42 หลายเดือนก่อน +14

      37% is the current projection before major work has started. Just you wait.

    • @Polo22546
      @Polo22546 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      Unfortunately, you’re right.

    • @WilliamPoirier-mv4mf
      @WilliamPoirier-mv4mf หลายเดือนก่อน

      ​@@LordBillington421:55

    • @MrCdrant
      @MrCdrant หลายเดือนก่อน

      hilariously true. f35? 1.7 trillion.....over 10x this nonsense

    • @piotrd.4850
      @piotrd.4850 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      Actually Viriginia class made quite all right.

  • @huy1k995
    @huy1k995 หลายเดือนก่อน +855

    WSJ level of illustration: Using a Russian Sub in place of the Ohio class SSG/BN and the F-117 night hawk (retired from front line service) as the air leg of the triad.
    Never change low level intern messing things up.

    • @zekekorte6395
      @zekekorte6395 หลายเดือนก่อน +13

      Didn’t want to be picky but it looks nothing like b2

    • @WeatherManToBe
      @WeatherManToBe หลายเดือนก่อน +7

      Did you know other nations have a nuclear triad and the USA has had it in the past?

    • @robertlutz8487
      @robertlutz8487 หลายเดือนก่อน +36

      Not to mention they keep referencing old pictures of the “minute man” but they are clearly the atlas/thor which couldn’t be more different not only in design but time of service

    • @ObjectiveMedia
      @ObjectiveMedia หลายเดือนก่อน +5

      Who cares lol

    • @jballaviator
      @jballaviator หลายเดือนก่อน +5

      @@robertlutz8487The Thor looks straight 1950's thus why they used the still.

  • @mrapollo_17
    @mrapollo_17 หลายเดือนก่อน +1044

    US military going over budget? What? I AM SO SHOCKED

    • @AdrianA-mo5qd
      @AdrianA-mo5qd หลายเดือนก่อน +23

      Unbelievable, how could the US military do such a thing...

    • @Blackout00745
      @Blackout00745 หลายเดือนก่อน +37

      @@AdrianA-mo5qd And where'd they get it? Tax the citizens more? Steal from poorer contries that can't defend? 🤔

    • @trollingpcgames
      @trollingpcgames หลายเดือนก่อน +10

      It’s not necessarily the military’s fault this time. The pandemic made everyone shut down and almost all governments printed money in greater amounts to keep their people feed. All this has resulted in higher inflation and higher manufacturing and material costs, so it’s not over budget because mismanagement but more so thanks to the global economy.

    • @Bouncerboy33
      @Bouncerboy33 หลายเดือนก่อน +7

      Yep. Bidenomics. AKA, Empty Wallet Syndrome.

    • @trollingpcgames
      @trollingpcgames หลายเดือนก่อน

      @@Bouncerboy33 yep Biden is more to blame for this project being over budget than the military. There are plenty of military screwup’s but this is not one of them.

  • @user-oj6iz2im4w
    @user-oj6iz2im4w หลายเดือนก่อน +235

    The obsolete floppy disks and interfaces aren't a bug it's a feature.

    • @profdc9501
      @profdc9501 หลายเดือนก่อน +9

      Think one of those floppies has Missile Command on it?

    • @DonVetto-vx9dd
      @DonVetto-vx9dd หลายเดือนก่อน +6

      *casually insert msdos bug into it*

    • @abundantharmony
      @abundantharmony หลายเดือนก่อน

      @@DonVetto-vx9dd you think they run DOS?

    • @user-vb2ll8nl6g
      @user-vb2ll8nl6g หลายเดือนก่อน +4

      @@abundantharmony You'd be surprised how much of our world still runs on DOS. It's not really a bad thing, DOS is small, simple, and has been extremely well tested. They don't want unexpected bugs with every new software update.

    • @abundantharmony
      @abundantharmony หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      @@user-vb2ll8nl6g apparently, MS DOS was developed in 1981 and the nuclear missile defense system runs on something from the 70s, so DOS didn't even exist.

  • @Doh1962
    @Doh1962 หลายเดือนก่อน +451

    I'm confused why are they showing Atlas missiles and calling them Minuteman

    • @DinoNucci
      @DinoNucci หลายเดือนก่อน +37

      They're telling a story bruh

    • @zapfanzapfan
      @zapfanzapfan หลายเดือนก่อน +110

      If they knew anything about rockets, would they really work for a news paper?

    • @ILovePancakes24
      @ILovePancakes24 หลายเดือนก่อน +11

      I don't know the difference between the missiles

    • @dbz9393
      @dbz9393 หลายเดือนก่อน +11

      Because noone cares enough to know the difference between the two

    • @CharChar2121
      @CharChar2121 หลายเดือนก่อน +10

      ​@@ILovePancakes24And that is not a problem because you aren't the WSJ doing a story on them.

  • @jim2lane
    @jim2lane หลายเดือนก่อน +424

    1970's analog technology is much more difficult to hack, therefore, we're going to upgrade it to 21st century technology

    • @Chris-rg6nm
      @Chris-rg6nm หลายเดือนก่อน +28

      It's not more difficult to hack

    • @nekoJens
      @nekoJens หลายเดือนก่อน +73

      This argument was so weak and ridiculous. Yeah a stick and stone is also difficult to hack, but I would rather have a more advanced weapons system.

    • @akula625
      @akula625 หลายเดือนก่อน +40

      @@Chris-rg6nmYou have to tap old wiring to get access and with its limited hardware and software that almost no one knows anymore it gives you an edge over newer technology and hacking

    • @abram730
      @abram730 หลายเดือนก่อน +7

      @@akula625 Or wait for somebody to forget to reset a timer/drug or poison crew and send a launch command with a RF modem from above. I'd bet China knows how.
      They monitor the applicable RF frequencies for this reason. The system has remote launch capabilities.

    • @DemPilafian
      @DemPilafian หลายเดือนก่อน +16

      The term *"phone phreaking"* originated with hackers breaking into analog telephone systems. Modern digital encryption can make communication impossible to crack with brute force. It's inaccurate to say that analog is more secure than digital.

  • @colekarrh9114
    @colekarrh9114 หลายเดือนก่อน +451

    dam I had kick back when he pulled up that floppy disk

    • @downinla4076
      @downinla4076 หลายเดือนก่อน +51

      It's not even a 5.25 in floppy of the 80s and 90s! It's the older 8-inch floppy made in 1972! Remember, floppy disks have a very finite life, so whoever still makes them must charge a fortune for each one.

    • @jim2lane
      @jim2lane หลายเดือนก่อน +7

      @@downinla4076 all physical media has a finite life

    • @LeechyKun
      @LeechyKun หลายเดือนก่อน +3

      Did your heart flutter and creak reminding you of your time soon?

    • @Dr.W.Krueger
      @Dr.W.Krueger หลายเดือนก่อน +2

      The world runs on legacy system and legacy code. **shrug**

    • @jm9371
      @jm9371 หลายเดือนก่อน +2

      That was an old school 8 incher too.

  • @Slawp
    @Slawp หลายเดือนก่อน +123

    I used to work as a cook in these silos in Wyoming. I was completely shocked by how primitive it was but thankful that it wasnt hackable. Boring job, but boring is better than exciting when dealing with nukes

    • @Justowner
      @Justowner หลายเดือนก่อน +3

      dont answer that guys question, or questions like that ever.
      EDIT: I think the question was deleted.

    • @nunyabidnez5857
      @nunyabidnez5857 หลายเดือนก่อน +2

      Nothing is unhackable.

    • @shitmandood
      @shitmandood หลายเดือนก่อน

      A hacked nuke simply means we have to get it done quickly.

    • @nunyabidnez5857
      @nunyabidnez5857 หลายเดือนก่อน +2

      @@Justowner good job on pointing that dude out. He was definitely fishing for info that shouldn't be openly talked about.

    • @user-ut3jk7it6c
      @user-ut3jk7it6c หลายเดือนก่อน

      @@nunyabidnez5857 my grandpa's fishing rod is unhackable.

  • @GD-8
    @GD-8 หลายเดือนก่อน +48

    4:11 Def wasn't expecting a Giant floppy disk to appear out of nowhere.

    • @krashd
      @krashd หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      Wasn't a giant floppy, was just a tiny man. That was your regular 1" floppy

  • @zippyspeedmonkey
    @zippyspeedmonkey หลายเดือนก่อน +321

    Skynet will be happy with the easier access…

    • @coolguymlg1171
      @coolguymlg1171 หลายเดือนก่อน +2

      is this a sciencephile A.I. reference, because if it is, then this would be amazing!!!
      though I do belive that G.A.I. might overshadow this technological mishap.

    • @jamieharmer5654
      @jamieharmer5654 หลายเดือนก่อน +4

      The access code is.....John Connor

    • @krashd
      @krashd หลายเดือนก่อน

      SkyNet won't touch it, the UK and the US are allies.

    • @riverstones-wd7ni
      @riverstones-wd7ni หลายเดือนก่อน

      True

    • @twelvecatsinatrenchcoat
      @twelvecatsinatrenchcoat หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      "I think that it’s our responsibility to figure out how to use AI responsibly to maximize the amount of pain we inflict on the bad guys." -Palmer Lucky, founder of Anduril Defense Industries.

  • @phucknuts.7065
    @phucknuts.7065 หลายเดือนก่อน +1194

    $130,000,000,000, that’s nothing, America can print that before lunch break.

    • @SolaceEasy
      @SolaceEasy หลายเดือนก่อน +18

      Donnie's got that much...

    • @johnal-kel9063
      @johnal-kel9063 หลายเดือนก่อน

      America has Hyper weapons in space that they have kept secret for years. Electric weapons more powerful & clean than nuclear bombs.

    • @itconsgenio
      @itconsgenio หลายเดือนก่อน +6

      Magic! 😂

    • @AaronHahnStudios
      @AaronHahnStudios หลายเดือนก่อน +13

      Meh, Digital transfer. They got it while the kettle was boiling.

    • @thinkerly1
      @thinkerly1 หลายเดือนก่อน +27

      America does not need to print money. The US economy is growing faster than the economy of any other first-world nation. Your economy is broken. Your government accounced last week that it was suspending gas exports -- 16% of your economy. And tell me, what does Russia make that the world buys? What cars do you make? What computers? What solar panels? And so on.

  • @danteaubert3645
    @danteaubert3645 หลายเดือนก่อน +23

    According to this video, the other legs of the nuclear triad are a Russian sub and a F-117.

  • @yeahboyiiiii222
    @yeahboyiiiii222 หลายเดือนก่อน +28

    “Resilient against all those kinda things” Great Interview, such a wordsmith

    • @user-ek7uo5lr6p
      @user-ek7uo5lr6p หลายเดือนก่อน

      Breaking news Beacon Tracker unjustified by Jamaica, England and America 2024 0

    • @user-ek7uo5lr6p
      @user-ek7uo5lr6p หลายเดือนก่อน

      Breaking news Beacon Tracker unjustified by Jamaica, England and America 2024 0

    • @user-ek7uo5lr6p
      @user-ek7uo5lr6p หลายเดือนก่อน

      Breaking news Beacon Tracker unjustified by Jamaica, England and America 2024 0

    • @user-ek7uo5lr6p
      @user-ek7uo5lr6p หลายเดือนก่อน

      Breaking news Beacon Tracker unjustified by Jamaica, England and America 2024 0

    • @user-ek7uo5lr6p
      @user-ek7uo5lr6p หลายเดือนก่อน

      Breaking news Beacon Tracker unjustified by Jamaica, England and America 2024 0

  • @ffffuchs
    @ffffuchs หลายเดือนก่อน +173

    "Rocket" Dear WSJ, we call it a booster, and the "large" and "small" rockets are the stages. What's re-entering also isn't purely a warhead, of which there can be multiple (multiple independent re-entry vehices, MIRVs), but the bus with warheads on top.

    • @TheRadioAteMyTV
      @TheRadioAteMyTV หลายเดือนก่อน

      Booster is short for booster rocket. There is no need to pretend this is a NASA video when it is not. The same NASA who can't get a human on the moon after 50 years no matter how much they say they are going to. They just keep pushing back the dates - gladly paying Tuesday for a hamburger today is their reality.

    • @cptdalek1711
      @cptdalek1711 หลายเดือนก่อน +8

      “NEEEEERRRRD!”

    • @Bradgilliswhammyman
      @Bradgilliswhammyman หลายเดือนก่อน +15

      You are splitting hairs most people won't remember the difference anyway. This is designed for the layperson, not a rocket enthusiast.

    • @noby5711
      @noby5711 หลายเดือนก่อน +6

      Yous is smart. Yous is important

    • @cle_roknn3742
      @cle_roknn3742 หลายเดือนก่อน +25

      This was my initial reaction. For those who don’t care or don’t want the correct answer: being given correct information is never a bad thing, knowledge is power and the American society seems to be powerless lately….

  • @purplemicrodot58
    @purplemicrodot58 หลายเดือนก่อน +119

    What a sad, sad fact for Humanity that we need these.

    • @ejiroabraham
      @ejiroabraham หลายเดือนก่อน +2

      I know. Not just what we need.

    • @batterybuilding
      @batterybuilding หลายเดือนก่อน +11

      What’s sadder is that some think we need them.

    • @augustlandmesser1520
      @augustlandmesser1520 หลายเดือนก่อน +3

      Ever heard of disarmament agreements?

    • @beedslolkuntus2070
      @beedslolkuntus2070 หลายเดือนก่อน

      Meh. I think the Us just estimates everything, has ego problems and always wants to be the daddy of everything.

    • @sopranos45
      @sopranos45 หลายเดือนก่อน +23

      ​@@batterybuilding🤦🏿‍♂️ weeelll,,since we have enemies that have them we have no choice but to have them as a deterrent..

  • @courtingdeath3364
    @courtingdeath3364 หลายเดือนก่อน +31

    Any plans on spending 1/4 as much to replace their IT system and government services? Ya know, so we ain't getting 2008 government services in 2024.

  • @janwoldstad
    @janwoldstad หลายเดือนก่อน +17

    So according to WSJ the minuteman consists of rockets inside rockets - They are called stages how can one get something so basic wrong?

    • @user-xq1wz3tp5z
      @user-xq1wz3tp5z หลายเดือนก่อน +2

      Conventional wisdom for journalism: No need for any worldly aptitude, by practitioners.

    • @user-vb2ll8nl6g
      @user-vb2ll8nl6g หลายเดือนก่อน

      Every rocket that goes to space consists of at least two stages, I don't know of one that ever made it that didn't The idea is that once one stage uses up it's fuel it's jettisoned so that the rocket doesn't have to keep dragging that weight all the way up.

  • @section8usmc53
    @section8usmc53 หลายเดือนก่อน +6

    "Delivered in 30 minutes, or the next one is free."

  • @tristankaskoun8033
    @tristankaskoun8033 หลายเดือนก่อน +118

    Can we please get rid of daylight savings first, it’s free and we all want it

    • @emilie6466
      @emilie6466 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      Dog they already got rid of it

    • @TheMike5478
      @TheMike5478 หลายเดือนก่อน

      No they haven't time just changed a couple of weeks ago....​@@emilie6466

    • @AceHuman
      @AceHuman หลายเดือนก่อน +7

      ​@@emilie6466its not gone though

    • @BSnicks
      @BSnicks หลายเดือนก่อน +2

      ​@@emilie6466Who got rid of it? I live in the US, and I still changed my clock to daylight savings time.

    • @kay1229
      @kay1229 หลายเดือนก่อน +3

      I hate daylight savings lol

  • @josephtaylor3857
    @josephtaylor3857 หลายเดือนก่อน +6

    "Greetings Professor Falken. Would you like to play a game of chess?"

  • @harrie205
    @harrie205 หลายเดือนก่อน +22

    at least the doomsday floppydisk are to big to smuggle out of the Silo

    • @Ranstone
      @Ranstone หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      Underrated.

    • @User-rka_zykx76
      @User-rka_zykx76 หลายเดือนก่อน

      *on todays news 22 year old **___** smuggles nuclear floppy disk out of base in a guitar*
      I can already imagine it

    • @Hebdomad7
      @Hebdomad7 หลายเดือนก่อน +4

      Given there isn't much data on those disks, you could probably write out the 1s and 0s and smuggle it out, bit by bit.

  • @jlg395
    @jlg395 หลายเดือนก่อน +13

    Tom Karako sure is good at saying "Uhhhhhhhhhh". I took a shot of vodka every time he did, and now I'm standing naked on the edge of my bed while insisting that my girlfriend call me "The Minuteman".

  • @stephenju1966
    @stephenju1966 หลายเดือนก่อน +57

    0:50 That's a Russian Yasen-class submarine.

    • @ankles632
      @ankles632 หลายเดือนก่อน

      Why would a Russian sub be flying the US flag ? If you pause the clip is easy to see. I looks like a Virginia class. www.defense.gov/Multimedia/Photos/igphoto/2001299018/

  • @wesleyhempoli5548
    @wesleyhempoli5548 หลายเดือนก่อน +4

    It is pretty crazy that we are only on our 2nd generation of ICBM missile tech and that the sentinel will only be the third. By contrast, we are working on 6th generation attack aircraft now.

  • @Av-vd3wk
    @Av-vd3wk หลายเดือนก่อน +27

    If they network the Sentinel system they are NUTS.

    • @honkbob
      @honkbob หลายเดือนก่อน +2

      I was thinking that. Lets hope they don't pick "secure ethernet" LOL

    • @philipthecow
      @philipthecow หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      My solution would be the ICBM uses SD cards and spits out a hash of all the programs on a screen so that it could be verified.

  • @MKudi
    @MKudi หลายเดือนก่อน +4

    The missile knows where it is at all times. It knows this because it knows where it isn't. By subtracting where it is from where it isn't, or where it isn't from where it is (whichever is greater), it obtains a difference, or deviation. The guidance subsystem uses deviations to generate corrective commands to drive the missile from a position where it is to a position where it isn't, and arriving at a position where it wasn't, it now is. Consequently, the position where it is, is now the position that it wasn't, and it follows that the position that it was, is now the position that it isn't.
    In the event that the position that it is in is not the position that it wasn't, the system has acquired a variation, the variation being the difference between where the missile is, and where it wasn't. If variation is considered to be a significant factor, it too may be corrected by the GEA. However, the missile must also know where it was.
    The missile guidance computer scenario works as follows. Because a variation has modified some of the information the missile has obtained, it is not sure just where it is. However, it is sure where it isn't, within reason, and it knows where it was. It now subtracts where it should be from where it wasn't, or vice-versa, and by differentiating this from the algebraic sum of where it shouldn't be, and where it was, it is able to obtain the deviation and its variation, which is called error.

    • @albinofknrhino2949
      @albinofknrhino2949 หลายเดือนก่อน

      I still don't understand how it knows where it is?

  • @MissesWitch
    @MissesWitch หลายเดือนก่อน +2

    Analogue is alot better for security!

  • @BS-vm5bt
    @BS-vm5bt หลายเดือนก่อน +25

    I hope they do not do something stupid like connecting these silos to the internet. I hope they stick to old analog systems since its a lot harder for the hardware to break.

    • @carbonking53
      @carbonking53 หลายเดือนก่อน

      They connected our elections to the web, so what's the big deal about having our nukes connected?

  • @old-gamer-01
    @old-gamer-01 หลายเดือนก่อน +3

    The good triangle ;)

  • @FTFSupremacyROBLOX
    @FTFSupremacyROBLOX หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    about time the Minuteman got an upgrade!

  • @jamielancaster01
    @jamielancaster01 หลายเดือนก่อน +3

    @ 4:19 INCORRECT! You have to hack 3 control centers that are on the same loop to fire just 1 minuteman missile. The missiles are deterrent (defense) missiles. The failsafe is that One control center cannot launch any of their 10 minuteman missile on its own it takes two other control centers to direct their missiles to launch before a missile in any of the three control centers can launch.

    • @perniciouspete4986
      @perniciouspete4986 หลายเดือนก่อน +2

      I suspect that any hack would be used to prevent the missiles from being launched, rather then to launch them.

    • @davehendricks4824
      @davehendricks4824 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      Thanks for the info!🤬

    • @FructozeProductions
      @FructozeProductions หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      ​@perniciouspete4986 hopefully so.. 🙏 no country should have nuclear weapons to begin with, won't make a difference if one has 1000 or 100 whenever the war breaks out everyone loses..

  • @DinoPimp
    @DinoPimp หลายเดือนก่อน +61

    Why not keep them analog?

    • @atomic_bomba
      @atomic_bomba หลายเดือนก่อน +14

      Analog systems are much more primitive and can't be upgraded with modern targeting hardware.

    • @Dr.W.Krueger
      @Dr.W.Krueger หลายเดือนก่อน +15

      No money in that for the military-industrial complex. They want to sell you new shiny weapons that never get used anyway(or work correctly in the first place).

    • @xiphoid2011
      @xiphoid2011 หลายเดือนก่อน +16

      Because good luck trying to find a floppy today. Just like you can't find missile parts that haven't been made for 30 years.

    • @abram730
      @abram730 หลายเดือนก่อน

      They are digital.

    • @redline589
      @redline589 หลายเดือนก่อน +6

      @@atomic_bombaIt's a nuke, it doesn't need to be that accurate, if you hit the right, military base or street it's all good.

  • @bradyphillips1995
    @bradyphillips1995 หลายเดือนก่อน +76

    Hot take but this is needed, it will save us so much money in the long term, the upkeep on those old floppy disk ran Missiles is insane

    • @Millsmills586
      @Millsmills586 หลายเดือนก่อน +22

      I agree. People complaining about cost don’t understand that this is something normal and it does happen. All the time.

    • @alexg9727
      @alexg9727 หลายเดือนก่อน

      @@Millsmills586 liberals love spending money for wars

    • @alexg9727
      @alexg9727 หลายเดือนก่อน

      @@Millsmills586 Obama Biden duo combined most excess deaths in history

    • @DjHazardous
      @DjHazardous หลายเดือนก่อน +5

      *Then there's AI that can potentially be used to hack these new missiles and well...*

    • @DgurlSunshine
      @DgurlSunshine หลายเดือนก่อน

      @@Millsmills586 INDIA TECH NEEDS TO RETURN TO HOMEROOM

  • @darkstar7999
    @darkstar7999 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Funny - we HAD a replacement; Peacekeeper (LGM-118). Built 50 silos IIRC, then decommissioned them in 2005.

  • @331SVTCobra
    @331SVTCobra หลายเดือนก่อน +2

    ICBMs are not a defensive system, they are a deterrence system.

  • @xentaatnex8261
    @xentaatnex8261 หลายเดือนก่อน +6

    Presidential candidates always pledge to make changes once in office but once they find out how things really work, they usually have a change in mind

    • @DemPilafian
      @DemPilafian หลายเดือนก่อน +2

      Voters go out of their way to elect politicians who lie to them.

  • @maxheadrom3088
    @maxheadrom3088 หลายเดือนก่อน +4

    That's not the warhead - that is the tip that carries multiple warheads.

    • @krashd
      @krashd หลายเดือนก่อน

      Though every minuteman III currently carries only a single warhead due to the START I treaty.

  • @TuaTagovailoaTouchdowns
    @TuaTagovailoaTouchdowns หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    These weapons are truly scary.

  • @willberry6434
    @willberry6434 หลายเดือนก่อน +27

    Really important to see this project through. Do not cut anything

  • @r.a.dalton8807
    @r.a.dalton8807 หลายเดือนก่อน +24

    I am a 69 year old retired U.S. Army Master Sergeant (E8/1972-1993) and former Defense Contractor (2005-2010). In my opinion this is a total waste of taxpayer money! Ground based missiles are just too vulnerable to a first strike these days. A better plan would be to retire those missiles and use that funding to build more ballistic missile submarines to replace them. Ballistic missile submarines are the most survivable part of the nuclear triad and always have been since they were first built.

    • @fredericklockard3854
      @fredericklockard3854 หลายเดือนก่อน +7

      Good points. But there are some benefits to having large missiles buried in silos. The enemy has to target it with multiple warheads to ensure a hit. Their size and throw weight and range is much higher than any SLBM. A single torpedo or warhead can potentially destroy a submarine and all 24 missiles and 100s of warheads in one shot - can’t do this with 100s of widely dispersed ICBMs. Same with a bomber, if one is shot down you lose dozens of warheads.

    • @Meowmeow.age.6
      @Meowmeow.age.6 หลายเดือนก่อน +3

      Okay and? Still have to replace the old with the new to insure MAD from the worst of the triad.

    • @r.a.dalton8807
      @r.a.dalton8807 หลายเดือนก่อน

      @@fredericklockard3854 I see your point, but does that make up for the massive amount of fallout that would occur after such an attack? Having them at sea instead would mitigate that problem. In addition the Air Force also has always had a problem with the watch system for missile systems. Two men in an underground facility for each 10 missiles with no outside contact and little to do for lengthy periods of times leads to boredom and morale problems that had led to a number of incidents over the years. On a ballistic missile submarine that is not an issue since there is entire crew as with any naval ship.

    • @fredericklockard3854
      @fredericklockard3854 หลายเดือนก่อน +3

      @@r.a.dalton8807 no doubt. I’m not an AF vet I’m army like you so I don’t know all the ins and outs. What I’ve read is that totally removing ICBMs would actually make targeting submarines much easier. No need to worry about targeting hundreds of dispersed missiles in hardened silos. All the missiles the enemy would use to target the ICBMs would then be freed up for other uses. You’d still get the fallout regardless.

    • @r.a.dalton8807
      @r.a.dalton8807 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      @@fredericklockard3854 As submarines are constantly moving in a vast three dimensional environment covering 70% of the globe, versus a ground based missile silo that never does move, I am not sure I see the submarines as being more vulnerable here. Also the ballastic missile submarines can have accompanying attack submarines to help defend them if needed. With military GPS accuracy being somewhere around 10 meters or so, grouind based missile silos would be toast in any first strike.

  • @mrapollo_17
    @mrapollo_17 หลายเดือนก่อน +27

    Spending so much money to keep the country safe that we don't have enough money for citizens to live in it

    • @user-bi4hw2wi2k
      @user-bi4hw2wi2k หลายเดือนก่อน

      And that's your ( National Deficient ) Initially that everyone is always yappin about .
      Its what keeps the Beast Running in Front and to keep the Peace .
      We will always have it ... and will always be on the back burner of fiscal policy forever .
      No matter what Republicans say .......This is the Way ( To coin a phrase ) .

  • @metallica1426
    @metallica1426 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Out of all the tech you would think we could create an atmosphere perfect for missiles to be kept for long periods of time.

  • @Kaiyats
    @Kaiyats หลายเดือนก่อน

    Sentinel missiles are such a badass name tho

  • @skullandbones1832
    @skullandbones1832 หลายเดือนก่อน +6

    We have a whole lot of those hidden in the panhandle of Nebraska managed by F.E. Warren Air Force Base in Cheyenne Wyoming USA. The Air Force has a farm house just north of my hometown of Sidney Nebraska that is the control center for these missiles. You go past it just looks like an ordinary farm house but is actually a military base with tunnels 5 stories underground.

    • @Slawp
      @Slawp หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      Thats where i used to work!

  • @carolynvillanueva5573
    @carolynvillanueva5573 หลายเดือนก่อน +7

    Excellent idea!!!❤

  • @sandbridgekid4121
    @sandbridgekid4121 หลายเดือนก่อน

    I would not be surprised that the multi-decade old Minutemen have been replaced more than once during lifetime with a more modern missle that looks like the original.

  • @JCMills55
    @JCMills55 หลายเดือนก่อน

    I was a Missile Systems Analyst on Minuteman II missile sites. So many errors in this vid. But then most likely only us that worked on them would spot it.

  • @The_WarriorsWay
    @The_WarriorsWay หลายเดือนก่อน +15

    Looks like US never runs out of money, why? cause they can literally print dollars 😂

    • @rogerthat4545
      @rogerthat4545 หลายเดือนก่อน +4

      We've done quite well since we moved from the gold standard to the plutonium backed dollar

    • @omgsrsly
      @omgsrsly หลายเดือนก่อน +4

      ...while other countries would simply adjust the amount in their computer systems without wasting a single drop of ink 😂
      That's until the real professionals take over and from the internet experts and realize this would lower the purchasing power of a currency and everbody has a good laugh

    • @nadushnudush
      @nadushnudush หลายเดือนก่อน

      Printing more dollar will devalue dollar

  • @mustafanobar
    @mustafanobar หลายเดือนก่อน +17

    that big floppy disk certainly got mutated after years of radioactive exposure

    • @profdc9501
      @profdc9501 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      Those are probably 8 inch floppies, for when the 5 1/4 size just ain't big enough.

  • @snyde02
    @snyde02 หลายเดือนก่อน +2

    General major Aladeen would have been proud of such pointy missiles 🤭

  • @olorin4317
    @olorin4317 หลายเดือนก่อน +2

    It it really an upgrade if it abandons unhackability?

  • @lanray2474
    @lanray2474 หลายเดือนก่อน +33

    Again
    How much do we need to solve world hunger?
    130b dollars on firepower....

    • @trader2137
      @trader2137 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      why would you want to "solve" world hunger? maybe its just easier to reduce the population, or get rid of people that are starving?

    • @philipthecow
      @philipthecow หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      You have a lubby dubby view of the world if you think that military spending isn't needed, and that world hunger can be solved if we all just worked together. World hunger / poverty is NOT due to a lack of funds. In fact it's not even due to a lack of funds in countries that have poverty.

    • @Shadow_ball
      @Shadow_ball หลายเดือนก่อน

      @@trader2137 -WEF

  • @PDXdjn
    @PDXdjn หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    0:52 Soviet Alfa class attack sub and F-117A fighter/light bomber? Don't think either of these are 66% of the nuclear triad.
    *sigh* This is still more than Rick Perry knew about it, when he was appointed U.S. Secretary of Energy...

  • @walterabernathy5663
    @walterabernathy5663 หลายเดือนก่อน

    It's one step to be more secure They need to get custom chips that do not use ASCII 2.

  • @Couchintheclouds
    @Couchintheclouds หลายเดือนก่อน +4

    One thing they could do to save money would me to make the new missiles hold 6 mirv warheads instead of 3, cutting the total number of missiles in half but keeping the overall payload the same or larger.

    • @TheWaynester101
      @TheWaynester101 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      That defeats the whole purpose of land based missles

    • @THE-X-Force
      @THE-X-Force หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      That would mean half as many enemy missiles needed to take them out.

    • @Couchintheclouds
      @Couchintheclouds หลายเดือนก่อน

      @@THE-X-Force not really there is nothing out there that shoots them down during the boost phase when launched from the US. Once in orbit they would break down to 6 war heads each instead of the current 3.

    • @THE-X-Force
      @THE-X-Force หลายเดือนก่อน

      @@Couchintheclouds The idea of them being spread out is in anticipation of them being attacked on the ground, before launch. I know what a MIRV is.

  • @user-ic8mt6jq1z
    @user-ic8mt6jq1z หลายเดือนก่อน +6

    why dont they plant that warhead on a space x rocket. lol

    • @dimbasz
      @dimbasz หลายเดือนก่อน +3

      How many SpaceX rockets have you seen being launched from underground silos?

    • @felixf4378
      @felixf4378 หลายเดือนก่อน +2

      Spacex smallest rocket is the Falcon 9 which is too big to be used as an ICBM.

    • @ms3862
      @ms3862 หลายเดือนก่อน +5

      @@dimbasznot just that, falcon 9 is a liquid fuel space rocket that has a long and complicated launch process - once the order comes in to launch it takes hours to get ready. Where as Minuteman is a ready to go solid stage, you open the door and press the button and it goes. That guy saying they should use falcon 9 for nukes is very ignorant

  • @humbleking20
    @humbleking20 หลายเดือนก่อน

    That's the thing about modern equipment, easy to hack without being anywhere near stick to analog, 4:51

  • @zinedinezethro9157
    @zinedinezethro9157 หลายเดือนก่อน +2

    Bro why tf the military getting shocked from a megaproject going overbudget like what?

  • @terenceenders9388
    @terenceenders9388 หลายเดือนก่อน +13

    Why not keep it analog? Update the missles to be as safe as possible. Digital tech. is not safe in the age of A.I.

    • @silvy7394
      @silvy7394 หลายเดือนก่อน +3

      Probably because a lot of that stuff isnt manufactured anymore, and it would be much more expensive and complex to manufacture/design.
      I think the biggest hurdle is nobody knows those systems either. Us people who know electronics, computers, and software from the 40's-80's are a dying breed.

    • @Darkwizzrobe
      @Darkwizzrobe หลายเดือนก่อน +2

      Agreed, I feel a lot safer if it was kept analog.

    • @ain92ru
      @ain92ru หลายเดือนก่อน

      @@silvy7394 Why do you think building new "21st century" missiles from scratch will be cheaper?

    • @silvy7394
      @silvy7394 หลายเดือนก่อน

      @@ain92ru Probably because a lot of that stuff isnt manufactured anymore, and it would be much more expensive and complex to manufacture/design.
      I think the biggest hurdle is nobody knows those systems either. Us people who know electronics, computers, and software from the 40's-80's are a dying breed.

    • @MattA-fi5qe
      @MattA-fi5qe หลายเดือนก่อน +2

      @@ain92ru This route is very commonly the cheapest route; reverse engineering old tech and then restarting manufacturing lines is more costly than designing new tech using existing processes and manufacturing. This is very common in many areas of industry.

  • @user-jz5nl7ip3b
    @user-jz5nl7ip3b หลายเดือนก่อน +12

    make tea not war people. love is the only thing that is going to save the day

    • @zakuro8532
      @zakuro8532 หลายเดือนก่อน +4

      There is no love in politics

    • @markstevenson6635
      @markstevenson6635 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      That's a nice thought.

    • @tm-ln4hj
      @tm-ln4hj หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      🐑

    • @thekinginyellow1744
      @thekinginyellow1744 หลายเดือนก่อน +4

      Ok Disney Princess, but the rest of us have to live in the real world.

    • @ernesthill4017
      @ernesthill4017 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      A wonderful sentiment that I agree with. Sadly, unless everyone devotes to practice love, peace, and goodwill, we will always need the tools of war

  • @_stardust62
    @_stardust62 หลายเดือนก่อน

    If you haven't seen the documentary command and control go now watch it...about the Titan 2 missile exploding in Arkansas in 1980.

  • @HMNNO
    @HMNNO หลายเดือนก่อน

    That was hilarious and awesome he just randomly pulled up a large floppy disk out if nowhere

  • @rogerrantz2024
    @rogerrantz2024 หลายเดือนก่อน +4

    Naval sub's are more important, you can't destroy what you can't find

    • @rael5469
      @rael5469 หลายเดือนก่อน

      Correct. SLBMs are the most important part of the triad. Bombers the least important because they will probably be shot down.

    • @krashd
      @krashd หลายเดือนก่อน

      Except if the enemy managed to destroy America's massive ELF antennae before any attack they'd have no need to destroy the subs because the subs would never even know an attack was going on.

    • @rogerrantz2024
      @rogerrantz2024 หลายเดือนก่อน +4

      @@krashd that ideal is flawed because they have many different types of communication systems, no jet, ship, or submarine relies on just one type. There's backup systems for backup systems, except in Russia where they shoot their own planes down. I'm not even sure Russia wouldn't shoot their own nukes down at this point, which also makes them vulnerable from responding countries

    • @rael5469
      @rael5469 หลายเดือนก่อน

      @@krashd LOL......don't bet on it.

    • @leonmusk1040
      @leonmusk1040 หลายเดือนก่อน

      Elf's the only one that can talk to a submerged sub over range though and a surfaced sub is a ship and visible to radar and satellite although they're all visible to the newer spy sats unless below 300 feet of water. @@rogerrantz2024

  • @Loli4lyf
    @Loli4lyf หลายเดือนก่อน +7

    imagine if those $130 billions goes to building shelters for the homeless along with rehabilitation program and providing them with jobs

    • @timr617
      @timr617 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      Aww how cute 🤗

    • @kerry9125
      @kerry9125 หลายเดือนก่อน

      We've already spent way more than 130 billion on the homeless, and it clearly isn't working.
      Regardless, the homeless aren't immune to a nuclear attack, so any national defense program defends them too.

    • @MickeyMouse-zu2yk
      @MickeyMouse-zu2yk 17 วันที่ผ่านมา

      Image if Russia retargeted their ICBMs to homeless shelters

  • @nicc6006
    @nicc6006 หลายเดือนก่อน +3

    Yes we do need that The upgrade

  • @cameron8858
    @cameron8858 หลายเดือนก่อน

    It’s never just the military going over budget, almost all government projects go over budget

  • @rumls4drinkin
    @rumls4drinkin หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    we should call them Phoenix Missiles. Mom liked the name.

  • @krazypinoy6495
    @krazypinoy6495 หลายเดือนก่อน +18

    the price of freedom....I'm worried about someone hacking into a "modern" missle site.

  • @enemyspotted2467
    @enemyspotted2467 หลายเดือนก่อน +21

    Im so sick of nukes

  • @mrshonk3948
    @mrshonk3948 หลายเดือนก่อน

    playin wargames with this one🦅🦅🦅💪💪💪

  • @Knitting_n_Trucking
    @Knitting_n_Trucking หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    Can I have the old ones?

  • @Martoune112233
    @Martoune112233 หลายเดือนก่อน +18

    They spent 35 billion in Ukraine but are questioning spending that on our nuclear missle program.

    • @imhimdk1785
      @imhimdk1785 หลายเดือนก่อน +3

      Shi crazy asf. I’m confused on that also

    • @tomsriver2838
      @tomsriver2838 หลายเดือนก่อน

      Dude said "who needs nukes?" 🤷‍♂️

    • @robertposey4533
      @robertposey4533 หลายเดือนก่อน

      Which is better, saving democracy or saving the homeless???????

  • @pete9105
    @pete9105 หลายเดือนก่อน +10

    It’s a sick world we live in when we’re spending $130b on weapons that sit and collect dust while 80% of people live paycheck to paycheck that ultimately stems from greed.

    • @juleeez628
      @juleeez628 หลายเดือนก่อน +2

      You like sleeping peacefully at night, right?

    • @TheManbeastmike
      @TheManbeastmike หลายเดือนก่อน +2

      You can move to another country if you want... maybe there lack of military spending means they have no poverty right? Oh wait.... they do...

    • @xtear0
      @xtear0 หลายเดือนก่อน

      Please realize that when the government puts out a contract, it allows for economic growth with companies, which leads to workers getting paid. Therefore your paycheck to paycheck statement is actually validated by spending money on this necessary project.

    • @MrSpy13011
      @MrSpy13011 หลายเดือนก่อน

      Ironically the production of weapons produce jobs. I just wish they also invested in other sectors.

    • @trader2137
      @trader2137 หลายเดือนก่อน

      "80%" roflmao, how about they get a better job or stop being lazy or stop wasting money on expensive clothes, cars, drugs and alcohol?

  • @JpresValknut
    @JpresValknut หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    Powell better keep that printer ready

  • @specialandroid1603
    @specialandroid1603 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Its the nukes in the subs and on the ships that are the most scary

  • @dudepubgm
    @dudepubgm หลายเดือนก่อน +3

    Aint no way the government giving out launch sites total cap

    • @yoongilimerence
      @yoongilimerence หลายเดือนก่อน +5

      There's no hiding them. Everyone with Google maps can see where the silos are

    • @krashd
      @krashd หลายเดือนก่อน

      The Russians and anyone else with satellites has known exactly how many silos the US has since the day they were built.

  • @chrisragona3945
    @chrisragona3945 หลายเดือนก่อน +6

    Considering 3 Trident launch failures recently this is extremely important.

    • @MattA-fi5qe
      @MattA-fi5qe หลายเดือนก่อน +2

      From what I'm reading that was for the Royal Navy, not the US Navy, and the trident missile is a naval missile not a land based missile. The Sentinel program is specifically for land based missiles.

    • @piotrd.4850
      @piotrd.4850 หลายเดือนก่อน

      @@MattA-fi5qe Yeah, but these Trident missles are LEASED from USA by Britain and these are NOT particular missiles, but given number of missiles. And Trident II D5 used to be reliable one ( until recently, what 130:1 success ratio? ) .

  • @joeybulford5266
    @joeybulford5266 หลายเดือนก่อน

    I actually think the floppy disk method is pretty solid. They update it and it’ll be more vulnerable to hacking.

  • @MUHAMMADHAMZA-jy1lu
    @MUHAMMADHAMZA-jy1lu หลายเดือนก่อน +2

    Say no to this nuclear threat.

  • @felixf4378
    @felixf4378 หลายเดือนก่อน +4

    So each ICBM will cost around $150 Million each. This is just insane, and they just keep getting away with it.

    • @krypton6971
      @krypton6971 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      You miss the part about rebuilding the silos and the thousands of miles of underground communication cables.

  • @MKHNitro
    @MKHNitro หลายเดือนก่อน +3

    More billions for the military industrial complex - thats what happens when you ignore Eisenhower's warning

  • @sushantmanandhar1387
    @sushantmanandhar1387 หลายเดือนก่อน

    In other news, little Timmy paid off all his friends' lunch debt with just a lemonade stand and some elbow grease! You go Timmy

  • @swedesam
    @swedesam หลายเดือนก่อน

    Keep the old analog systems to prevent A.I. from ever being able to randomly launch them.

  • @Meowmeow.age.6
    @Meowmeow.age.6 หลายเดือนก่อน +6

    It is lower than the 1 trillion we will spend on interest payments so it is whatever.

  • @nesseihtgnay9419
    @nesseihtgnay9419 หลายเดือนก่อน +5

    America has become so comfortable for a long time since the Soviet Union fell, alot of fund for technology and military dropped like a cliff, and American talents, educated workers stopped working for the military and went to other fields.

    • @andreirachko
      @andreirachko หลายเดือนก่อน +2

      Which is actually a good thing - those talented engineers have probably gone to make far more useful things to advance society than destruction machines.

    • @tm-ln4hj
      @tm-ln4hj หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      A lot, it's 2 words, by the way

    • @DimaRus-mw5zp
      @DimaRus-mw5zp หลายเดือนก่อน +2

      More like America becom Soviet union 2.0 spending too much money on weapon and the People broke asf

    • @piotrd.4850
      @piotrd.4850 หลายเดือนก่อน

      @@andreirachko soooo... where are these advances?

    • @piotrd.4850
      @piotrd.4850 หลายเดือนก่อน

      @@DimaRus-mw5zp US spends half of Cold War budget on defence ( 3.5% GDP vs. record LOW of Cold War 4.9% ) but whooping 18% of GDP on what passes for Healtcare ( while Germany make well with 11% and Poland barely with 6% ). Fix your healthcare alone and you will have cash for infrastructure, lowering budget deficit, military and what not.

  • @PatrickGustafson
    @PatrickGustafson หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    Yeah we need a credible deterrent force, no way around it.

  • @Slenderman182
    @Slenderman182 หลายเดือนก่อน

    we knew how to build stuff in the 70's, and write movies, books and songs. Generally do everything better. You'll still be thanking us 50 years from now.

  • @abdallahmajura2519
    @abdallahmajura2519 หลายเดือนก่อน +6

    Figure out stuff . We pay a lot taxes😢😢😊

  • @zapdog_
    @zapdog_ หลายเดือนก่อน +3

    How about $130B on something actually useful like healthcare?

  • @linguist8623
    @linguist8623 หลายเดือนก่อน

    @WSJ: To show the exact tech and to quite frankly state there a many breaches, from a Red Flag event point of view, that's golden, more golden the the Las Vegas Knights and Nellis AFB...🎉

  • @davealmighty9638
    @davealmighty9638 หลายเดือนก่อน

    The missles are too round. Round is not scary. Pointy is scary. It has to be pointy, so it sticks in the ground and goes KABOOM!😂

  • @augustus331
    @augustus331 หลายเดือนก่อน +18

    Maybe focus on reducing the national debt before spending $150 billion on something that will probably never be used.

    • @QLHOOQ
      @QLHOOQ หลายเดือนก่อน

      Trump is guilty of financial fraud and can still run for President and manage the country's finances...Think about it..
      Fun fact..Trump added 8 Trillion dollars to the National debt during his 4 years as President..He didn't spend money on healthcare, infrastructure, education etc...
      Trump added 5 trillion dollars to the National debt in the last year of his Presidency alone...Nobody knows where the money went...

    • @LostMySauce
      @LostMySauce หลายเดือนก่อน

      @@r7winyweird take

    • @brotimes7879
      @brotimes7879 หลายเดือนก่อน +8

      That’s not how the national debt or nuclear deterrence works

    • @r7winy
      @r7winy หลายเดือนก่อน

      @@LostMySauce did I srsly get pinged in youtube🙂

    • @trader2137
      @trader2137 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      debt doesnt matter because FED can issue more, japan has 200% gdp debt and its still leading economy. Ignorant.

  • @alipaf2002
    @alipaf2002 หลายเดือนก่อน +3

    $130B could build 1300 hospitals

    • @DinoNucci
      @DinoNucci หลายเดือนก่อน +5

      Building them isn't the number to focus on. Cost of running them is.

    • @communismisthefuture6503
      @communismisthefuture6503 หลายเดือนก่อน +3

      The reason you have hospitals is because of these missiles

    • @trader2137
      @trader2137 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      you dont need more hospitals in us.

  • @stojjjski
    @stojjjski หลายเดือนก่อน

    Opening Nukes to the possibility of being hacked? Thats harrowing.

  • @jakemeyer6047
    @jakemeyer6047 หลายเดือนก่อน +2

    Honestly shocked it's not costing more

    • @krashd
      @krashd หลายเดือนก่อน

      It will, a lot more.

  • @lastChang
    @lastChang หลายเดือนก่อน +4

    China 🇨🇳 started an *arms race* in the entire Indo-Pacific region.
    - It must be careful what it wishes for.

  • @Rixynator
    @Rixynator หลายเดือนก่อน +10

    Good use of money. Keep it up murica

    • @codyschlenker6821
      @codyschlenker6821 หลายเดือนก่อน +2

      As opposed to losing our position as the superpower? No thanks.

    • @Rixynator
      @Rixynator หลายเดือนก่อน +2

      @@codyschlenker6821 superpower at what? Producing fentanyl? Banning TikTok?

    • @trader2137
      @trader2137 หลายเดือนก่อน

      @@Rixynator military superpower

    • @Rixynator
      @Rixynator หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      @@trader2137 while being a third world country? Seems reasonable.

    • @trader2137
      @trader2137 หลายเดือนก่อน

      @@Rixynator is it third world?

  • @CyborgZeta
    @CyborgZeta หลายเดือนก่อน

    Personally, I'd keep the floppy disks around. Not just nostalgia either, because the older tech does provide extra security.

  • @stupidburp
    @stupidburp หลายเดือนก่อน

    Sentinel should be a bit larger with a bit larger payload capacity and a bit more stealthy features. It is an upgrade from Minuteman but is quite a bit away from the retired Peacekeeper missiles. Something closer to splitting the difference between Minuteman and Peacekeeper would be better.

    • @stupidburp
      @stupidburp หลายเดือนก่อน

      Being over budget is a problem. But the correction can be added value with additional capabilities instead of cutting costs and accepting lower capabilities.

  • @Raz-Al-Raziz
    @Raz-Al-Raziz หลายเดือนก่อน +9

    Lol the American tax payer might be the most abused group this planet has seen 😂😂😂

    • @philipthecow
      @philipthecow หลายเดือนก่อน

      The American tax payer is abused, but it's far from the worst this planet has seen. If you even think this you have your head in the sand.