Can Iranians understand Middle Persian, the Sassanid Era (3rd-7th Century) Persian language? Hope you enjoy this video as we take a look at the Middle Persian (Pahlavi) language, which was the official language of the Sassanid Empire, who referred to themselves as the "Empire of Iranians". Although for over 4 centuries they ruled over a vast territory which at its greatest extent encompassed most of the Middle East, Anatolia, and the Caucasus, and stretched into North Africa, Central and South Asia, the Sassanid Empire collapsed during the early Muslim conquests in the 7th century, and with it Middle Persian eventually evolved into modern Persian. This change was, however, very gradual, and for centuries after the fall of the Sassanids, Middle Persian was still in use, and continues to be used today by Zoroastrian priests for religious purposes. By the 10th century, the language had experienced clear changes, such as the initial "w" sounds changing to either "b" or "g", changes in the verbal system, Arabic loanwords being used instead of many Aramaic loanwords and native Persian terms, as well as the substitution of the Arabic script for the Pahlavi Middle Persian script, a change which was actually initiated by a native Iranian dynasty, the Tahirids. So how well can Persian speakers today can understand the language of their ancestors from over 15 centuries ago? Mahya's TH-cam channel: th-cam.com/channels/Jxooc6Ivso_YAQF7ttVFmQ.html Mahya's Instagram: instagram.com/mahya_polyglot/ Naghmeh's Instagram: instagram.com/naghmehnameh/ If you speak a language that we have not featured before and would like to participate in a future video please follow and message us on Instagram: instagram.com/bahadoralast/
@Bahador Alast Can you do the same sort of thing but with either Vedic Sanskrit or Classical Sanskrit? Maybe have speakers of modern Punjabi/Hindi/Bengali/Marathi/etc try to guess meaning. OR, to make things more interesting, have a speaker of Avestan go at it with a Vedic Sanskrit speaker(prolly would be 2 PhDs lol)
Sassanid - A great empire indeed. Btw you mentioned it included parts of present day India. That I am almost sure it did not. Present-day Pakistan yes though.
@@tatvafnu6604 Sassanid culture influence extend to India also and the empire consist of territories which was part of India prior to British plan to partition.
Persians didn't. Persian still uses Arabic's script and many of the arabic loan words. However persian can replace those arabic words using it's pure words
@@DZRESPECT It is good that Berbers keep their language. Arabic loanwords is a normal thing for Middle Eastern languages. But complete forgetting a language and switching to another is very bad. Unfortunately, Ancient Egyptians after Arabic conquest started to hate their own language and thought it is inferior compared with Arabic, and forgot it completely, and started speaking only Arabic.
What a cool and unique video! Iran's history and Persian culture is so rich. Much love and huge repsect for our ancient rivals and current friends from Greece 🇬🇷
Much love to our Greek cousins 🇮🇷 🇬🇷 ❤️ our rivalry was between family. Also, from what I understand archaic Greek and old Iranian were linguistically still very close, i.e Homeric and Avestan (even Sanskrit)
That's really cool! Armenian vocabulary has been influenced by Middle Iranian languages, particularly Parthian! It would be so cool if you can do a comparison between Armenian of today with Parthian language! Love and respect for our lovely Iranian neighbors from Armenia 🇦🇲🇮🇷
Arminian is one of the Indo-European languages that are derived from a common source, therefore sharing the similar vocabularies (with some sort of diversity)
"Fradom" in Middle Persian is cognate with Sanskrit prathama, we are using in Hindi today प्रथम (pratham). You said it correctly sir. Fantastic connection.
Sanskrit Rig Veda and ancient old Avestan are pretty much the same Aryan language of different dialects. One would need to study just one to fully understand the other. The only major difference is the “S” to “H/Kh” phonetic shift, i.e Sindh=>Hindh
As an Armenian, seeing written Middle Persian/Parsig and Parthian/Pahlavi is like seeing a random stranger in the street and assuming they are of the same or similar background as me...like seeing a long lost cousin you never met. Especially when I see the "-agan/-akan" suffixes (I know my fellow Kurds can relate to this real well haha). You got to love and appreciate the influence Iranian languages like Parsig/Pahlavi have had on Armenian. It just makes it more interesting and fun for us linguist geeks. I remember my first discovery of these cultural/linguistic relationships. Fell in love and have been obsessed with Iranic studies ever since. Wish I had more Iranian friends, it's a blessing. Great work & content as always guys! Afarin Bahador jan, xaste nabashid.
I am an Iranian and currently leave in Armenia. My experience living here always reminds me of Sassanid Iran if it was not fallen to the Islamic Conquest. We would keep to have more or less similar language and identity.
Didn't Zarathustra spoke an eastern branch of the Iranic language? Zorostrianism uses mainly Avestan (which is an eastern Iranic language) as a literary language and not Persian.
@@nawoxare5194 depending on the theory because the only examples we have of Avestan were written down during Sassanid times, possibly Parthian. Which would have been awhile after Avestan became extinct. There’s technically two types of Avestan. Old Avestan spoken by Zarathustra and Young Avestan by the later priesthood. I think the more popular theory is Old Avestan was the predecessor to Old Persian and Young Avestan. It is also debatable whether young avestan was the predecessor to old Persian. But I think the more popular idea is that they existed at the same time. I personally don’t think that’s likely. But Old Persian is so similar to avestan that it has to be derived. So I think it’s most likely that old Avestan preceded Old Persian
@@servantofaeie1569 its pronounced “Mithrdàt” in middle persian language and it refers to Parthian king of kings Mihrdâd the Great( the 6th Ashk) its also translated to Mithridates in modern texts.
Pouya spared us the difficulties of the Pahlavi script. Pahlavi script was based on Aramaic, and some words were written in Aramaic but read in Persian (e.g. write "mlka", read "shah"). In some stages of the script, some letters were indistinguishable. Persian changed very slowly. Old Armenian, which was first written in the 400s, borrowed lots of words from Middle Persian. Old Persian, which had its own cuneiform alphabet, was spoken centuries earlier during the Achaemenid dynasty.
Aramaic itself is derived from the Iranic hittite's alphabet. The script which parts of avesta such as Mitra Yasht is written in predates Aramaic and Pahlavi is direct derivative of it.
@@safuwanfauzi5014 It's the complete opposite. Iran has an Aryan culture which is the total opposite of semitic culture. There is absolutely no similarities between the two, and if there is some, its semitic culture being influenced by antient Aryan culture of Iran.
Pahlavi, the script of Middle Persian, was originally referred to the language spoken by the Parthians, and later came to be applied to the script used to write Middle Persian, which was derived from the Aramaic alphabet. Middle Persian Pahlavi script was derived from Aramaic independently, although Inscriptional MP Pahlvi is similar to Inscriptional Parthian Pahlavi. Book Pahlavi, the most common form of the script, was a complicated writing system with 12 characters representing 24 sounds. The matter was further complicated by the wide-spread use of ligatures, heterograms, and attaching of the letters. One unique feature of Pahlavi orthography is the use of Aramaic "heterograms" to render many common Pahlavi words. For example, the Pahlavi word for "king", shah, was written as MLKA, recognizable as the Aramaic word for "king" cognate with contemporary Arabic malik, but it was intended to be pronounced as shah. Using heterograms was also applied to verbs, where Pahlavi person-number agreement and tense markers were appended to an Aramaic third-person masculine singular present verb. Many extremely common nouns, verbs, and even function words were subject to heterographic writing. In its later forms, attempts were made to improve the alphabet by adding diacritics and signs to the letters. Since no actual Pahlavi book has survived from the Sasanian period, we are left with medieval copies and have no way of knowing whether these improvements happened under the Sasanian rule or in the post-Islamic era. After the fall of the Sasanians, the Pahlavi script, as well as Middle Persian language, was preserved by the Zoroastrian clergy and scholars and was used to compose new pieces of literature.
Sassanian books have all survived but they are all kept in Vatican library not open to public. After all Rome was the main architect of islam and the one that directed the invasion of persia by muslims.
As a native Armenian speaker, I could understand khrad (խրատ - khrat), which means advice in Armenian. The siffux -agan (ական - akan) is also familiar to me. We use it like the -ian or -al in English. Ex: իրանական բժշկական դպրոց Iranakan bzhshkakan dprots - Iranian medical school.
Armenian language was influenced by old Persian. Armenians used to practice Zoroastrian before their conversion to Christianity. In fact, there are more than 250 old Persian (Avesta/Pahlavi) words in Armenian that are not used much in Persian anymore! Thank you for saving our language. Jan, Ian, pardis, Parsig....
Persian really hasn't changed much compared to other languages like English or French. Some languages are completely different now from 500 years ago. P.S: there's a war between northern and Southern Indians in the replay section not related to my comments, carry on with your scrolling :)
I am impressed with Iranians so much because I have not come across many nations who are this much aware, connected to and passionate about their ancient culture and history.
@@hmi1601 You're conflating ethnicity with nationality. There are Arab, Kurdish, and Turkish as well as many other Iranians; not all Iranians are Persians. Only about 61% of Iranians are Persian, and if you take Mazandaranis and Gilakis out, it drops to 54%.
INTRIGUING WORK BY AMAZING PEOPLE. My late father was a professor of Chemical Engineering at Tehran university and was one of the original leaders and participants in the Farhangestan Melli Zaban back in Pahlavi's time. He would have been so proud of you guys. Bravo Pooya & Bahador!!
بهادر جان باعث افتخاره که این کلیپ ها رو میبینم. واقعا تاریخ و فرهنگ ایران یک چیزه جذاب و بی نهای هست که باید بهش افتخار کرد. تاریخ و ادبیات ما در دنیا به عنوان یکی از ارزش مند ترین ها ثپت نام شده. هممون باید به این مشهوریتمون افتخار کنیم. زنده باد!
This video is great I really enjoy watching and learning about the middle Persian and it was the first time I saw that there are similarities between Pahlavi Parsi and German, it really blowed my mind and it's great tbh 😅 Anyways thanks a billion for this great video I really loved it hope to see more content like this 😊❤️💙
Actually Gilaki , Kurdish and luri must be more similar to pahlavi rather than today persian, I think some parts of what we know today as "fars" provinces in Iran used to speak pahlavi or some dialect of it , in some rural regions of Isfahan people still speak the same language ,I think in hormozi language peoole speak the same way as well
Cool video, I think it would be even more interesting if you added also text in modern Persian language and read it, to show how Persian evolved throughout the history. Greetings from Poland!
@@user-ky7jx1cr5k Bro back then there were no "Kurds". Heck the meaning itself means tent-dweller. I recommend you guys to read Ferdowsi to understand how Iranian history works...💀
@@descendedofrigvedicclans2216 *The Zoroastrian dynasty of Sasan or the Great Sasanian Empire (224-651 CE) used to called India as Hindugan and Hindustan*
@@descendedofrigvedicclans2216 Evidence no. 1 th-cam.com/video/aJvVKzbMBk4/w-d-xo.html ( This is a Sad poem of hope made few decades after the conquest of Sasanian Empire by the Muslim Arabs and this poem is made by the Zoroastrian Persian who were suffering from the Muslim brutality this song is in Middle Persian language the lingua franca of Sasanid Persia) P.S. (The poem will start at 1:40 in that) video
Good job Bahador and everyone. Many of the Pahlavi words and verbs still exist in kurdish, tati, baluchi and taleshi. For example "EZ" still exist in kurdish. Also we can find them in southern dialect of persian, like shirazi and bandari. Please make more videos about this subject. Like any other language lover, I'm looking forward to your next video.
Bandari is not a Persian dialect, its a Bashkardi-Garmsiri dialect closely related to Persian due to their SW Iranian root. Even though Bandari could be derived from Middle Persian, but it doesn't make it a dialect of New Persian.
@@amirkamali5301 در استان هرمزگان جنوب ایران گویش مینابی و گویش بندری و همچنین گویش رودباری که از شهر سندرکِ میناب سرچشمه گرفته است موجود است که در شهر های استان های دیگر مانند منوجان و قلعه گنج و کهنوج و فاریاب و جیرفت و .... شامل میشود. همه این گویش ها در زمان فرمان روایی ساسانیان وجود داشته که به نوعی شبیه گویش پارسی میانه هست
@@GRosa Dear Gabriel, My attention was to say the origin of European people and languages. For me we are all earth's children... No racism, no nationalism... But we are are all curious..so if study the origin of the human civilisations, languages, the rest and trace of their civilised life, all come from middle east ( great Iran or Persia) the name is not matter. The first and more are the family's words. For example : Mader in Iranian >> gives: mother, mutter, maderi, made, mère.... Etc... Pedar, Baba, pear >> gives : Père, Baba, Papa,... Etc.. Doghtar, Dekhter, give : Daughter, tokhter, tokht.. Etc... Brader, Bradar, give: All in different European languages... Bruder, Brather, Bradi... Etc As you see the origine of a river is the source... As well as all the religions : The oldest cross in the word is in today's iran, many thousands years before Jesus or other Gurus... Through the immigration we change genetically and evolution of languages... There no tangible proof of the fact we are from Africa... Tx for your answer. Chat to you soon.
@@behappy75003 Actually, the Indo European languages do not descend from Persian. They have a common ancestor. That is entirely different. PIE might've even originated from Ukraine. Also, Iran isn't where human civilization starts. Far from it, the Iranians themselves were influenced heavily by the Indians and Africa has some of the first human civilizations and its earliest innovations. This also ignores that Iran is only one country in the Middle East. At that time, Assyria, Babylon, Egypt, the Canaanites and Aramaeans already developed some of the groundwork that the Persians would use for their Empire.
Wow amazing! I love and adore the Persian language and its history. Middle Persian actually has many Aramaic loanwords the way modern Persian has Arabic loanwords. Also interesting enough, the Middle Persian script was a derived from the Aramaic script. It's great to see the preservation of the language after so many centuries.
actually, most of those aramaic 'loanwords' are only used in writing: e.g. the verb 'to write' is written 'YKTYBWN-štn' where you can clearly see the distorted form of the root KTB but is pronounced 'nibištan'.. in contrast, new (and modern) persian incorporated loanwords from arabic into everyday speech like اسم (esm) or نظام (nezâm).
@@artasheskeshishyan4281 it's almost like the middle east is the birthplace and melting pot of different cultures.. oh wait it is < 3 it saddens me to no end to see it all go to waste in pointless religious and economic wars instead of growing and coexisting : (
This was wonderful, Bahador. Some of my research on some imaginative 20th century Latin American literature touches on Persian history, and literature, starting from the name of Bardiya on the Behistun Inscription, and includes missing texts, like Hazar Afsana which became the Thousand and One Nights in an Arabic translation, and also the Avesta and the Shahnameh, and other 11th and 12th century Persian poetry. To read about Pahlavi is one thing but to hear it pronounced is a special treat. For the past few weeks I have been on this topic for quite a few hours a day, so this video came at a perfect time. Thank you!
Bahador. This is the best video you have made so far. 10/10 bravo. This takes so much knowledge to produce. Your content is getting more and more complex.
It's even easier to see the cognates of the pronoun "Az" in Balto-Slavic languages, especially in South Slavic where it's identical or almost identical.
@@Bayganu No, ya is only in some Slavic languages, very modern East, West, and Serbo-Croatian, it is still az/jaz in Slovenian, Macedonian, older dialects. And also in Baltic languages, Latvian es and Lithuanian aš.
برای یافتنِ واژگانِ سَرهٔ بیشتر: ۱. از واژهنامههای پارسیِ سَرِه در تارکَدِه (اینترنت) بهره بگیرید. ۲. از دوستان و آشنایان و خویشاوندانی که با زبانهای ایرانیکِ لُری [یادگارِ پارسیگ پَهلَوی]، کوردی، بلوچی، مازَنی، گیلَکی [و دیگر زبانهای ایرانیک] آشنایی دارند یاری بگيريد. چون بسیاری از واژگانِ پارسیِ ایرانی که در زبانِ فارسیِ کنونی از میان رفته و با عربی یا فرنگی جایگزین شدهاند، ... همان واژگانِ پارسیِ ایرانی در زبانهای بومیِ ایرانیک به گونهای نگه داشته شدهاند. ۳. سرودههای "سَرِهٔ" کُهَن را بخوانيد، مانندِ نِبیگ ها (کتابها) و نامَک های نظامی گنجوی (بویژه اسکندرنامه)، گرشاسپنامهٔ اسدی توسی، و بسیاری دیگر ....؛ و بالاتر از همه، گُلِ سَرسَبَدِ سُرودِهها، خِردنامه یا شاهنامهٔ فردوسی که بزرگترین و پرشکوه ترین سروده در تاریخِ جهان است. درود بر سَرِه گویان و سَرِه گُستَران، ... هر کس به اندازهٔ توان. ...
I think Poya avoided actual simple sentences and he went straight to tough ones to make it interesting because so much of Middle Persian has remained exactly the same ... my guess is he probably wanted to avoid making it simple in case it gets boring 😂 So I'm impressed with Mahya and Naghmeh's ability to figure them out. It makes so much sense after you know the meaning 😂
@@بيتالاحرار Well, he had some hate speech against Muslims before and that's why I say that to him. If he is really hates Muslim then why he admiring thus Muslim Hijabi. Big contradiction.
خیلی از کلمات و واژه ها بر خلاف تصور ما که فکر میکنیم عربی هستن، کاملا ایرانی هستن و از ایران به اعراب داده شدن مثل کلمه خلیج که در عربی معنی براش ندارن چون واژه ایرانیه از فارسی میانه به معنی خل (کج، چیزی کج) و ایج به معنی کج راه آبی یا راه آبی کج پس اگرم چیزی باشه برعکس تصورماس
it is so clear for a Persian speaker, I don't know why these two knowledgeable guests struggled so much to understand the simplest words! maybe Bahador may have chosen two more brighter girls! the gentleman from Tehran obviously is a great linguist
I understood 90 percent of all the sentences as a native Iranian who lives in Iran speaks standard Persian ! I don't know why did they even struggled in some sentences ?! It was soo easy that it was as if they are struggling with understanding modern Persian !!!! Perhaps they just forgot some Persian words since both of them are no longer in Iran (which is weird) Or perhaps they just couldn't find the right English equivalent of the words (which would explain why did they even max or struggled to understand at times) Great job as always bahador ;)
I really enjoyed your perfect conversation. I'd been actually waiting for it since I subscribed your channel , 2 years ago . Thank you for sharing the great content you've ever made. Hamed, a polyglot ever enthusiastic for learning and training
To some extent I can understand it (words) sometime it gives similar meaning some time it gives related meaning like Nang (honour) Graan (Difficult) Karem/Kawom (Doing) [Present Continuous/ Present Indefinite and can also be used for Future just by adding Ba/bay/Bayed etc] And many more words to write it here but the comment will become long to read. Edit: Am a Pashtun
@@yousafdaudzai3078 My brother, do not listen to this fool. I am a farsizaban kabuli from Afghanistan, and i have studied pashto, such an amazing and unique language, although it was very hard for me 😭 😅
Interestingly in my native language Bandari spoken in southeastern Iran, we use 'kar' as a present stem for the Infinitive verb 'kerden' (to do). Imperative verb: bekar Negative form: makar I will do = a-karom I have to do = be-karom I'm doing = a-kerd-am / a-kerden-om I will not do = nā-karom
Having studied both the grammar of Middle Persian language and Modern Persian language I can totally admit that it's is understandable quite easily. Depends of course on the occasion and the text...
Thank you for this program. It was educational. Will it be possible for you to compare Parthian-Pahlavi with the classical Persian that we speak today in Iran as well?
Bahador this video was awesome but our friend has chosen the weirdest Parsig texts. He could use "Karnamag e Ardaxshir" or "Andarze khusrawe Kavadan". Those texts have more texts of common scence. This all was pure zoroastrian text and talking about words that are not common today. If he chose first paragraph of ''Karnamag e Ardaxshir" the persian speaking people would feel more connected to the language of theirs ancestors. BTW the video was so good and I thank you for this.
I wonder how much and how fluid zorastrians in Bharat (India) and Iran are in avestan language, since they do their prayers and rituals in that language as far as I know. The difficulty would be to find a zoroastrian to join this channel 😅 Thank you Bahador for all your interesting topics. It is nice to see how your work has evolved from your first videos to know, may blessings shower upon you and your family 🙏
We aren’t that difficult to find lol avestan is slightly diff to Pahlavi. We have translations for our prayers to help us understand but yes if you speak Farsi or Hindi / Urdu then it will help you . The avestan script is actually not that difficult either. Or you just learn what the prayers mean due to learning the meanings when younger. Very interesting video 👌👌
All languages are fluid, taking on new words, meanings and in transition all the time throughout their existence. However, it's amazing to see how some languages preserve so much to be able to have a good degree of intelligibility after so many centuries!
India always have a good relation with Iran, before and after Islam. In regards to Sassanids, I want to tell about Kushanshahs which was established by Sassanids in the area north of India. So they were practicing Hinduism and Buddhism, along with Zoroastrianism but language was Middle Persian and Bactrian.
I'm Pakistani, I love Persian and in old days Persian and Arabic was compulsory to study in schools etc as our Holy book Quran is in Arabic so every Pakistani and every Muslim know how to read Arabic till date, it was a symbol of education in our system..♥️🇵🇰
@@fradafrada6276 yeah, Arabic is our holy language, everyone in Pakistan and every Muslim know how to read Arabic bcoz our QURAN is in Arabic.. but back then these 2 langs was must to learn but Arabic is still
Honestly such a cool video, though I think Pouya could have picked some simpler ones too haha. It seemed like he didn't wanna have any terms that are too easy.
The interesting thing is Sassanian and Parthian languages are so similar that you can consider them almost as dialects of the same language. The further back you go in time the more similar the different Iranic tongues are. For example as mentioned in the video Sassanians used to use "Ez" for I which is typically Parthian and Northwest Iranic. And still exists in Kurdish dialects, Talysh and some East Iranic tongues.
"Ez" was a loanword in Middle Persian (maybe taken from Parthian), the correct equivalent of the Parthian/Northwestern Iranian "ez" in Middle Persian should have been "ed" (in Old Persian it was "Ed" / "Edem"), because "dz" changes to "d" in Southwestern Iranian/Persian languages.
@@kurdekibedin1347 This is false. MP. az/an is derived from OP. adam. Spirantisation of intervocalic /d/ is a feature of many Persian & Persid vernaculars in the Zagrus Mountains. For example, Classical Persian آدر (ādar) > Modern Persian آذر (āzar).
@@dunkens9575 you are wrong that spirantisation didnt exist in persian before islam it only happened because of arabic which had dh. if itd happened before then ramadhan would not be ramazan. and itd happened for later arabic words too. thats the reason why its only azarbaijan in new persian and not in middle Persian.
@@kurdekibedin1347 Correct this is also one of the reasons why I am a little skeptical about the "SW Iranic" classification of Sassanid. There are extremely many words in Sassanian which do not appear SW Iranic or derived from Old Persian. It's almost like Sassanian was a transitional language between Median and Old Persian.
Great sir. I want to point out that Persian has big influence on Bengali and dates back to the 13th century and assimilation of Persian literary trends into the Indian cultural landscape. Even some Iranians settled as Ulamas, teachers, and poets in Bengal. The result was a growing popularity Persian tales among Bengali people, such as that of Laili and Majnu, Yusuf and Julekha, or the works of Ferdousi, Jami, and Nizami Ganjavi, and an absorption of Persian words into the Bengali language. Persian remained the official state language of Bengal for 600 years, until the British changed it to English in the 19th century.
@@vivekpuri-08 Nope Bengal was under Mughals and Nawabs while Maharashtra was under Marathas. Marathas promoted Marathi (Their Native Language) as well as Sanskrit.
@@indiafirst3676 i am marathi + hindi speaking guy, I know the reality bro. Even though shivaji maharaj and later mr. Savarkar started language re-vamp many words from sanskrit could not replace existing persian/arabic words like gunah , awaaz , jameen, fakt , sohbat , darwaja , daria and few more.
@@vivekpuri-08 I am not saying that Marathi absolutely has no Persian/Arabic Influence but it's very less. Generally as we move from India's North to South, Foreign Influence on Language, Religion, Music, Dance, Architecture etc.. goes on decreasing. Maharashtra being in Deccan and just above South India has little to no foreign influence. Dravidian Languages just South of Maharashtra are completely free from Foreign Influence. While Northern Languages like Kashmiri, Punjabi and even Bengali have strong foreign influence.
2:47 Wouldn’t it be _xānag_ instead of _xān_ ? The speaker pronounces _w_ as /v/, and _ā_ as /ɒː/. It is essentially Middle Persian in a Iranian-Persian accent, which makes it easier to understand and less authentic.
The phonology of Modern Persian is similar to Arabic. That's why I guess. Middle Persian might have sounded more like Germanic or Latin in that sense more European.
@@user-11188 yes, you are right. It's highly influenced by Arabs. Also that there is almost no consonant cluster anymore. Historical bradar or bráðar in Persian changed to baradar. And so on. I like the sound of Middle Persian and Old Persian reconstructed. ♥️
Bahador. If you got someone who could speak Luri Persian they would probably understand it better. Since it’s supposedly the closest existing thing to Middle Persian.
It's clear that middle Persian was the mother of the modern Persian and the Kurdish language, the word "man" (me) was (Az), this word is still used in Kurdish (Kurmanji accent) for the same meaning. Meanwhile "Az" is still used in many Indo-European languages such as Lativian, in Lithuanian is diverted to "Ash", in German it is "Ish", in Dutch it is "ik", even English "I" may well be derived from the same source.
@@rebarlatif1998 Do you mean Median language was different from old Persian? I think if you know both Kurdish and Persian very well you will discover that the sort of similarity can not be far deep in history. Kurmanji is a dialect for sure, thanks for the correction.
@@Random_Evolution modern persian and its variants descended from middle persian and that from old persian. it’s southwestern, it has southwestern phonology, structre etc. but kurdish is a whole northwestern language and the relationship of it with persian is not that enormous to detect it as the middle persian’s child. median and parthian gave birth to kurdish, more correctly.
please do comparing between south iranian lungugs which includes : ,Bandari of bandar Abbas ,Achomi bastaki Lari ,bashkgardi east and south kerman (Rodani/jirofti/minabi/rodbari/dehdashti etc),bandari of busher,persian dashti,Tarakoma/Lamardi bairami etc ..khozi(shoshtri/desfoli/behbhani/mahshri/hindijani/abadani_ramhormzi etc
i would go on about writing a detailed erreta (e.g. how in pahlawi the ā sound is a long 'a' and not close to 'o' like in modern persian, or that the w sound is closer to a consonantal 'u' like how east afghans and arabs pronounce waw etc.) but the guy did a great job, and going into accurate phonetics would have made the thing even weirder for modern iranians.. i think the problem was that you selected sentences from old texts like mēnõg-i xrad and bundahišn that include not only ancient forms of words but ancient concepts too..
@@antidweller6373 it can be deduced by comparative phonetic analysis, i.e. how common loanwords like names or culturally unique conceps (e.g. 'farsang/parasanga' etc.) are attested in other languages : )
Would love to see stuff like this for other languages, maybe even English! Though I can't help but wonder if Middle English might still be too similar to modern English for this purpose, and/or Old English too dissimilar to modern English for said purpose as well. (And I say this knowing that only the earliest varieties of Old English were even contemporary to the latter part of the Middle Persian period)
@@astesiaa It’s not derived from Sanskrit, its root is Iranian not Indo-Aryan. It went into Hindi and other Indic languages as a loanwords afterwards however because of Persian influence
@@BigIVI but I did learn a little avestai and pahlavi and easily understand mabee because of Similarity for example dim in avesta and pahlavi means surat or face and from talesh till firuzkuh say dim ....
@@panajotispapagiannopoulos2579 urdu and hindi are the same language, dont worry, the grammar and tone is exactly the same, and urdu speakers tend to use more arabic words to be more islamized (since they are muslims)
@@OmPrakash-pc1ec Urdu has many Middle Persian Zoroastrian names even more than Islamic Arab ones and on the other hand Hindi has more Sanskrit word with some Middle Persian words.
Middle Persian is phonologically closer to Kurdish in my opinion. Again, I said PHONOLOGICALLY, not grammatically or in terms of vocabulary. I have also watched a Middle Persian video and much of it sounded like modern Kurdish or Luri. For example, you still have the "XW" sound in Kurdish or the "W" sound in general. English: eat Modern Persian: xordan Middle Persian: xwardan Kurdish: xwaran/xwardan English: sister Modern Persian: xahar Middle Persian: xwah/xwahar Kurdish: xwah English: good (can’t translate it in English) Modern Persian: xush Middle Persian: xwesh Kurdish: xwesh Middle Persian also had a harsher accent.
Sassanian was very similar to Parthian. I am even skeptical about the "Southwestern character" of Sassanian. As a large part of it's vocabulary does not appear to be derived from Old Persian but more connected to Parthian. It's almost as if Sassanian is transitional between Northwestern (Median) and Southwestern (Old Persian). XW sound is not Southwestern it is Old Iranic (also seen in Avestan, Median and Old Persian).
@@sher7174 Persian was heavily influenced by Parthian and Median. Many people say that the word "paradise" is a Persian loanword within languages that are spoken in Europe, but it is actually of Median origin
Fradom seems like 'Pratham' which means Fisrt and Wistar seems like 'Wistaar' in North Indian languages and Sanskrit....And Panjom like Pancham which means Fifth one in Sanskrit 🇮🇳
Thanks for this. Can you do one with Achaemenid Persian as well please? It’s amazing how much of the zend-avastha i can understand but very little of pehlavi and modern
Can Iranians understand Middle Persian, the Sassanid Era (3rd-7th Century) Persian language?
Hope you enjoy this video as we take a look at the Middle Persian (Pahlavi) language, which was the official language of the Sassanid Empire, who referred to themselves as the "Empire of Iranians". Although for over 4 centuries they ruled over a vast territory which at its greatest extent encompassed most of the Middle East, Anatolia, and the Caucasus, and stretched into North Africa, Central and South Asia, the Sassanid Empire collapsed during the early Muslim conquests in the 7th century, and with it Middle Persian eventually evolved into modern Persian. This change was, however, very gradual, and for centuries after the fall of the Sassanids, Middle Persian was still in use, and continues to be used today by Zoroastrian priests for religious purposes. By the 10th century, the language had experienced clear changes, such as the initial "w" sounds changing to either "b" or "g", changes in the verbal system, Arabic loanwords being used instead of many Aramaic loanwords and native Persian terms, as well as the substitution of the Arabic script for the Pahlavi Middle Persian script, a change which was actually initiated by a native Iranian dynasty, the Tahirids. So how well can Persian speakers today can understand the language of their ancestors from over 15 centuries ago?
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More Amharic again
@Bahador Alast Can you do the same sort of thing but with either Vedic Sanskrit or Classical Sanskrit? Maybe have speakers of modern Punjabi/Hindi/Bengali/Marathi/etc try to guess meaning. OR, to make things more interesting, have a speaker of Avestan go at it with a Vedic Sanskrit speaker(prolly would be 2 PhDs lol)
Ayo thank you
Sassanid - A great empire indeed. Btw you mentioned it included parts of present day India. That I am almost sure it did not. Present-day Pakistan yes though.
@@tatvafnu6604 Sassanid culture influence extend to India also and the empire consist of territories which was part of India prior to British plan to partition.
i'm berber from Algeria and big respect to persians who protected their language from arabization
Love Amazigh people, languages and culture from Iran
@Arif false, berbers are between brown and white, they are native north africans, check Mechta Afalou man.
Persians didn't. Persian still uses Arabic's script and many of the arabic loan words. However persian can replace those arabic words using it's pure words
@@DZRESPECT It is good that Berbers keep their language. Arabic loanwords is a normal thing for Middle Eastern languages. But complete forgetting a language and switching to another is very bad. Unfortunately, Ancient Egyptians after Arabic conquest started to hate their own language and thought it is inferior compared with Arabic, and forgot it completely, and started speaking only Arabic.
Tanmirth brother. I'm Persian and big respect to Algerians.
What a cool and unique video! Iran's history and Persian culture is so rich.
Much love and huge repsect for our ancient rivals and current friends from Greece 🇬🇷
Much love to our Greek cousins 🇮🇷 🇬🇷 ❤️ our rivalry was between family.
Also, from what I understand archaic Greek and old Iranian were linguistically still very close, i.e Homeric and Avestan (even Sanskrit)
i persia ke i ellas ekhun tin palean historian tu kosmu! Viva Ellas ke i Persia!
After 2500 years , sorry for all the wars!! We love you all!
Ζήτω η Ελλάδα. Πλούσια είναι και η ελληνική ιστορία 😄
@@Mokh7777 Much love indeed. Greeks have a beautiful and timeless history and culture just like Iranians. Well said
@@arman11236 this word Ζήτω that you wrote must be cognate to the Persian word zendé
you Persians are really rich in culture.
best regards from a German. khodahafez
Good luck! Salam from Uzbekistan 🇺🇿 to our persian friends 🇮🇷
Hi tnx
Uzbak ha kiri mano nistan, haramzadan
That's really cool! Armenian vocabulary has been influenced by Middle Iranian languages, particularly Parthian! It would be so cool if you can do a comparison between Armenian of today with Parthian language!
Love and respect for our lovely Iranian neighbors from Armenia 🇦🇲🇮🇷
I would find also cool if we did a video of Armenian speakers understanding Urartian. That would be dope.
@@elizaa.367 Yes!!!
Arminian is one of the Indo-European languages that are derived from a common source, therefore sharing the similar vocabularies (with some sort of diversity)
🇮🇷🇦🇲
Love you too for Iran
"Fradom" in Middle Persian is cognate with Sanskrit prathama, we are using in Hindi today प्रथम (pratham). You said it correctly sir. Fantastic connection.
Sanskrit Rig Veda and ancient old Avestan are pretty much the same Aryan language of different dialects. One would need to study just one to fully understand the other. The only major difference is the “S” to “H/Kh” phonetic shift, i.e Sindh=>Hindh
Cool story bro, we get it
@@OfficialShadowKing you mad bro?
@@OfficialShadowKing what do you mean? are you interested in cognate relationships?
Hindustan and persian are very very similar words same root
As an Armenian, seeing written Middle Persian/Parsig and Parthian/Pahlavi is like seeing a random stranger in the street and assuming they are of the same or similar background as me...like seeing a long lost cousin you never met. Especially when I see the "-agan/-akan" suffixes (I know my fellow Kurds can relate to this real well haha). You got to love and appreciate the influence Iranian languages like Parsig/Pahlavi have had on Armenian. It just makes it more interesting and fun for us linguist geeks. I remember my first discovery of these cultural/linguistic relationships. Fell in love and have been obsessed with Iranic studies ever since. Wish I had more Iranian friends, it's a blessing.
Great work & content as always guys! Afarin Bahador jan, xaste nabashid.
Actually Armenians and Iranians are literally like cousins
We love our Armenian cousins dearly and we’re so proud and grateful to them for all their contributions ❤️🇦🇲
I am an Iranian and currently leave in Armenia. My experience living here always reminds me of Sassanid Iran if it was not fallen to the Islamic Conquest. We would keep to have more or less similar language and identity.
Im Iranian and I really love Armenians your language has such a unique vocabulary and alphabet :)
I wanna thank 1. Zarathustra 2. Vologases l of Parthian 3. Ardashir l of Sassanid 4. Ferdowsi for keeping this amazing language alive through History.
Didn't Zarathustra spoke an eastern branch of the Iranic language? Zorostrianism uses mainly Avestan (which is an eastern Iranic language) as a literary language and not Persian.
@@nawoxare5194 correct, consider Avestan and vedic languages as direct cousins
@@nawoxare5194 depending on the theory because the only examples we have of Avestan were written down during Sassanid times, possibly Parthian. Which would have been awhile after Avestan became extinct. There’s technically two types of Avestan. Old Avestan spoken by Zarathustra and Young Avestan by the later priesthood. I think the more popular theory is Old Avestan was the predecessor to Old Persian and Young Avestan. It is also debatable whether young avestan was the predecessor to old Persian. But I think the more popular idea is that they existed at the same time. I personally don’t think that’s likely. But Old Persian is so similar to avestan that it has to be derived. So I think it’s most likely that old Avestan preceded Old Persian
@@JavidShah246 What does that say? Mahrdat? What does that mean?
@@servantofaeie1569 its pronounced “Mithrdàt” in middle persian language and it refers to Parthian king of kings Mihrdâd the Great( the 6th Ashk) its also translated to Mithridates in modern texts.
The Middle Persian language is awesome! Love Iran and farsi from China! 🇨🇳 ❤ 🇮🇷
Wtf 🤨
Sassanid was Kurdish
no, it wa iranian
@@ghskrstankumz6199 It's the ancestor to both Kurdish and modern Persian
It is Parsi not Farsi....
As a Kurd it wasn't really hard for me to understand most of it,and "EZ"is still being used in kurmanji Kurdish
Za/Ze/Zo in Pashto
I know that Ossetians still use it too: Æz
I’d love to see them do Ossetian and Kurmanji. Or Kurmanji and Pamiri
@@Mokh7777 or Kurdish with Pestum
Armenian “indz”
خیلی خوبه که مردم دنیا رو با زبانمون آشنا میکنید
This channel is from the beautiful part of this world. Much love from Turkey ❤️😊
We really need more videos like this. So good to see the ancient Persian words that are still used. Thank you guys
Pouya spared us the difficulties of the Pahlavi script. Pahlavi script was based on Aramaic, and some words were written in Aramaic but read in Persian (e.g. write "mlka", read "shah"). In some stages of the script, some letters were indistinguishable.
Persian changed very slowly. Old Armenian, which was first written in the 400s, borrowed lots of words from Middle Persian. Old Persian, which had its own cuneiform alphabet, was spoken centuries earlier during the Achaemenid dynasty.
Armenian has the most borrowing from Parthian (Northwestern Iranian)
Persian cultures, writing, architecture base on Semitic cultures.. the style of building, merlon, writing scripts
pahlavi language is for pahlav peple or parthians sassanid are persian and speak midle persian language
Aramaic itself is derived from the Iranic hittite's alphabet. The script which parts of avesta such as Mitra Yasht is written in predates Aramaic and Pahlavi is direct derivative of it.
@@safuwanfauzi5014 It's the complete opposite. Iran has an Aryan culture which is the total opposite of semitic culture. There is absolutely no similarities between the two, and if there is some, its semitic culture being influenced by antient Aryan culture of Iran.
Please continue this series Bahador jan! We need to understand the origins of our present Parsi!
Pahlavi, the script of Middle Persian, was originally referred to the language spoken by the Parthians, and later came to be applied to the script used to write Middle Persian, which was derived from the Aramaic alphabet. Middle Persian Pahlavi script was derived from Aramaic independently, although Inscriptional MP Pahlvi is similar to Inscriptional Parthian Pahlavi.
Book Pahlavi, the most common form of the script, was a complicated writing system with 12 characters representing 24 sounds. The matter was further complicated by the wide-spread use of ligatures, heterograms, and attaching of the letters. One unique feature of Pahlavi orthography is the use of Aramaic "heterograms" to render many common Pahlavi words. For example, the Pahlavi word for "king", shah, was written as MLKA, recognizable as the Aramaic word for "king" cognate with contemporary Arabic malik, but it was intended to be pronounced as shah. Using heterograms was also applied to verbs, where Pahlavi person-number agreement and tense markers were appended to an Aramaic third-person masculine singular present verb. Many extremely common nouns, verbs, and even function words were subject to heterographic writing. In its later forms, attempts were made to improve the alphabet by adding diacritics and signs to the letters. Since no actual Pahlavi book has survived from the Sasanian period, we are left with medieval copies and have no way of knowing whether these improvements happened under the Sasanian rule or in the post-Islamic era. After the fall of the Sasanians, the Pahlavi script, as well as Middle Persian language, was preserved by the Zoroastrian clergy and scholars and was used to compose new pieces of literature.
Thank you for this educated comment!👌
Last time i read about mlkan mlka being written, but pronounced as shahansha was ten years ago, thx for bringing this memory back!
Sassanian books have all survived but they are all kept in Vatican library not open to public. After all Rome was the main architect of islam and the one that directed the invasion of persia by muslims.
@@ampm9771lol
Rome is the architecture of Islam?are you out of your mind?
I like the way he tells us the history of the language in addition to just making the comparisons 👍.
As a native Armenian speaker, I could understand khrad (խրատ - khrat), which means advice in Armenian. The siffux -agan (ական - akan) is also familiar to me. We use it like the -ian or -al in English. Ex: իրանական բժշկական դպրոց Iranakan bzhshkakan dprots - Iranian medical school.
Этот суффикс имеется и в нашем осетинском языке в виде -Он. Например : Кӕсгон( кабардинец) ,Мӕхьӕлон ( ингуш)
Кстати и суффикс -akan в несколько видоизмененной форме также присутствует в осетинском в форме -ag..
Гуырдзиаг( грузин)
Сомихаг ( армянин)
Cool
Armenians should see how much Parthian they can understand
Armenian language was influenced by old Persian. Armenians used to practice Zoroastrian before their conversion to Christianity. In fact, there are more than 250 old Persian (Avesta/Pahlavi) words in Armenian that are not used much in Persian anymore! Thank you for saving our language. Jan, Ian, pardis, Parsig....
Persian really hasn't changed much compared to other languages like English or French. Some languages are completely different now from 500 years ago.
P.S: there's a war between northern and Southern Indians in the replay section not related to my comments, carry on with your scrolling :)
Old Persian is very different tho. Generally Ancient Iranic languges are not understandable anymore to us. Middle Iranian is very similar still tho
@@IranAzadLoading I'm from India and I can understand Old Persian (Language of the Achaemenids) perfectly
@@ShahanshahShahin how?
@@IranAzadLoading Bcz I know Sanskrit too and Sanskrit is very much similar to Avestan and Old Persian
@@ShahanshahShahin that is true. Its close to Avestan aswell.
I am impressed with Iranians so much because I have not come across many nations who are this much aware, connected to and passionate about their ancient culture and history.
The girl with the Hijab is an Arab. She is not Iranian.
@@hmi1601 stop making shit up just cause you're triggered by her hijab
@@samb2 Unfortunately most Iranians would be triggered
@@hmi1601
You're conflating ethnicity with nationality. There are Arab, Kurdish, and Turkish as well as many other Iranians; not all Iranians are Persians. Only about 61% of Iranians are Persian, and if you take Mazandaranis and Gilakis out, it drops to 54%.
@@piruz3243 she's an Iraqi shia immigrant. She's not Iranian.
Love middle Persian Pahlavi Parsig and how it sounds. We should throw foreign words from our language and get more from this language
INTRIGUING WORK BY AMAZING PEOPLE. My late father was a professor of Chemical Engineering at Tehran university and was one of the original leaders and participants in the Farhangestan Melli Zaban back in Pahlavi's time. He would have been so proud of you guys. Bravo Pooya & Bahador!!
بهادر جان باعث افتخاره که این کلیپ ها رو میبینم. واقعا تاریخ و فرهنگ ایران یک چیزه جذاب و بی نهای هست که باید بهش افتخار کرد. تاریخ و ادبیات ما در دنیا به عنوان یکی از ارزش مند ترین ها ثپت نام شده. هممون باید به این مشهوریتمون افتخار کنیم. زنده باد!
This video is great I really enjoy watching and learning about the middle Persian and it was the first time I saw that there are similarities between Pahlavi Parsi and German, it really blowed my mind and it's great tbh 😅
Anyways thanks a billion for this great video I really loved it hope to see more content like this 😊❤️💙
In Bulgarian - (even in 21th century) we tell "I" - аз (Az), "Me" - мен (man).
The same in Ossetian
Love our brothers 🇦🇲❤️🇮🇷
Iranian Armenian Part 2 I Waiting Bahador 🙏🏽
Part 1 was ❤️❤️❤️❤️
@@jsuisheureux1425 ❤️❤️
❤❤❤
@@asheghpisheh ❤️❤️🇦🇲🇮🇷
@@asheghpisheh sis 👌
Wow I was really surprised as as a caspi gilak it's very similar to our language here
Nice job bahador love your videos
Actually Gilaki , Kurdish and luri must be more similar to pahlavi rather than today persian, I think some parts of what we know today as "fars" provinces in Iran used to speak pahlavi or some dialect of it , in some rural regions of Isfahan people still speak the same language ,I think in hormozi language peoole speak the same way as well
@@meggieqin8496 Yes because this groups resisted against arabs conquest and won
@@meggieqin8496gilaki, lur and hormozi are Persian and middle Persian was called Parsig.
Cool video, I think it would be even more interesting if you added also text in modern Persian language and read it, to show how Persian evolved throughout the history. Greetings from Poland!
Iranians have such a long history, i deeply respect that. :)
Half of that deep long history belongs to Kurdish people too.
@@user-ky7jx1cr5k Bro back then there were no "Kurds". Heck the meaning itself means tent-dweller. I recommend you guys to read Ferdowsi to understand how Iranian history works...💀
@@Iranvardan Kurdish people did exist it’s just that we don’t have records of their language until the 16th century
@@user-ky7jx1cr5k Kurds are an Iranian people so obviously Iranian history belongs to them. This is common sense.
I love the Flag of *Sassanid Empire*
(Derafsh Kaviani)
Love Êranshâhr from Hindugan/Hindustan
😍😍😍❤️❤️
@@descendedofrigvedicclans2216 Turks? Bro it's the Achaemenid Persian called India as Hindustan
@@descendedofrigvedicclans2216 *The Zoroastrian dynasty of Sasan or the Great Sasanian Empire (224-651 CE) used to called India as Hindugan and Hindustan*
@@descendedofrigvedicclans2216 I can give you many evidances
@@descendedofrigvedicclans2216 Evidence no. 1 th-cam.com/video/aJvVKzbMBk4/w-d-xo.html ( This is a Sad poem of hope made few decades after the conquest of Sasanian Empire by the Muslim Arabs and this poem is made by the Zoroastrian Persian who were suffering from the Muslim brutality this song is in Middle Persian language the lingua franca of Sasanid Persia)
P.S. (The poem will start at 1:40 in that) video
Good job Bahador and everyone. Many of the Pahlavi words and verbs still exist in kurdish, tati, baluchi and taleshi. For example "EZ" still exist in kurdish. Also we can find them in southern dialect of persian, like shirazi and bandari.
Please make more videos about this subject. Like any other language lover, I'm looking forward to your next video.
No we don't use "ez" for "I" in Bandari but "me".
Bandari is not a Persian dialect, its a Bashkardi-Garmsiri dialect closely related to Persian due to their SW Iranian root. Even though Bandari could be derived from Middle Persian, but it doesn't make it a dialect of New Persian.
@@amirkamali5301 در استان هرمزگان جنوب ایران گویش مینابی و گویش بندری و همچنین گویش رودباری که از شهر سندرکِ میناب سرچشمه گرفته است موجود است که در شهر های استان های دیگر مانند منوجان و قلعه گنج و کهنوج و فاریاب و جیرفت و .... شامل میشود. همه این گویش ها در زمان فرمان روایی ساسانیان وجود داشته که به نوعی شبیه گویش پارسی میانه هست
ما به گویش مینابی به من میگیم مِه، در گویش رودباری میناب هم میگن مُ
@@amirkamali5301 no i didn't mean that my friend, i said Pahlavis words exist in those areas. Please reread my statement
I am actually astounded by the fact that Middle Persian here is often compared to German, also the consonant clusters.
Iranian language is the base of quite all European languages.
@@behappy75003 Not really 🙄
@@GRosa
Dear Gabriel,
My attention was to say the origin of European people and languages.
For me we are all earth's children...
No racism, no nationalism...
But we are are all curious..so if study the origin of the human civilisations, languages, the rest and trace of their civilised life, all come from middle east ( great Iran or Persia) the name is not matter.
The first and more are the family's words.
For example :
Mader in Iranian >> gives: mother, mutter, maderi, made, mère.... Etc...
Pedar, Baba, pear >> gives :
Père, Baba, Papa,... Etc..
Doghtar, Dekhter, give :
Daughter, tokhter, tokht.. Etc...
Brader, Bradar, give:
All in different European languages...
Bruder, Brather, Bradi... Etc
As you see the origine of a river is the source... As well as all the religions :
The oldest cross in the word is in today's iran, many thousands years before Jesus or other Gurus...
Through the immigration we change genetically and evolution of languages...
There no tangible proof of the fact we are from Africa...
Tx for your answer.
Chat to you soon.
@@behappy75003 Actually, the Indo European languages do not descend from Persian. They have a common ancestor. That is entirely different. PIE might've even originated from Ukraine.
Also, Iran isn't where human civilization starts. Far from it, the Iranians themselves were influenced heavily by the Indians and Africa has some of the first human civilizations and its earliest innovations. This also ignores that Iran is only one country in the Middle East. At that time, Assyria, Babylon, Egypt, the Canaanites and Aramaeans already developed some of the groundwork that the Persians would use for their Empire.
Wow amazing! I love and adore the Persian language and its history. Middle Persian actually has many Aramaic loanwords the way modern Persian has Arabic loanwords. Also interesting enough, the Middle Persian script was a derived from the Aramaic script. It's great to see the preservation of the language after so many centuries.
actually, most of those aramaic 'loanwords' are only used in writing: e.g. the verb 'to write' is written 'YKTYBWN-štn' where you can clearly see the distorted form of the root KTB but is pronounced 'nibištan'.. in contrast, new (and modern) persian incorporated loanwords from arabic into everyday speech like اسم (esm) or نظام (nezâm).
We also have Assyrian loanwords in our language (Armenian), such as patgam, maz, kahana, bib, karoz, khanut, Urbat, Shabat, Mashk, etc.
@@artasheskeshishyan4281 it's almost like the middle east is the birthplace and melting pot of different cultures.. oh wait it is < 3
it saddens me to no end to see it all go to waste in pointless religious and economic wars instead of growing and coexisting : (
@@bamdadkhan 💯
@@bamdadkhan Europe won't exist without middle East
This was the best video you've ever uploaded i believe🤯
This was wonderful, Bahador. Some of my research on some imaginative 20th century Latin American literature touches on Persian history, and literature, starting from the name of Bardiya on the Behistun Inscription, and includes missing texts, like Hazar Afsana which became the Thousand and One Nights in an Arabic translation, and also the Avesta and the Shahnameh, and other 11th and 12th century Persian poetry. To read about Pahlavi is one thing but to hear it pronounced is a special treat. For the past few weeks I have been on this topic for quite a few hours a day, so this video came at a perfect time. Thank you!
بهادر جان عالی بود بازم درباره پارسی پهلوی ویدئو بسازید هنوز خیلیا نمیدونن که چقدر با زبان امروز نزدیکه و ما خیلی راحت میتونیم حتی جایگزین کنیم 🤗😍
Bahador. This is the best video you have made so far. 10/10 bravo. This takes so much knowledge to produce. Your content is getting more and more complex.
@Bahador Is Pouya a philologist-linguist or historian or something?
It's even easier to see the cognates of the pronoun "Az" in Balto-Slavic languages, especially in South Slavic where it's identical or almost identical.
Like ‘Ez’ for ‘I’ in Kurmanji Kurdish:)
AZ in Bulgarian is I. In other Slavic languages I is Ya. Az sam - I am. Men is me. Bulgarian has a lot of words similar to Iranic languages.
@@Bayganu No, ya is only in some Slavic languages, very modern East, West, and Serbo-Croatian, it is still az/jaz in Slovenian, Macedonian, older dialects. And also in Baltic languages, Latvian es and Lithuanian aš.
@@noamto Macedonian is practically a dialect of Bulgarian. In Serbo Croation I is Ja
AZ, на иронском, осетинском я
This is a great concept, Bahador can really expand on this on different languages lost to history
عشق، 《مِهر》 .... هَمسَنگهای ایرانیِ سَرِه.
واژگانِ ناایرانی در سوی راست، .... واژگان پارسیِ ایرانی در سوی چپ:
عشق = مِهر، دلدادگی، دلباختگی، شیفتگی، شیدایی
عاشق = دِلباخته، دلداده، شیفته، شِیدا، والِه،
دلشُده، پاکباز، بیدِل
معشوق = دِلبَر، دِلدار، دِلسِتان، دِلآرام، یار،
جانان، دوستگان
قلب = دِل*
*آنچه که میتپد دِل ❤ است. ولی آنچه که جای روده و گَدِه (معده) است، شکم است.
نَفَس = دَم | جان، روان
عاشق شدن = دل باختن، دل سپردن، شیفته شدن،
پاک باختن
دورانِ عشقورزی = دورانِ مِهروَرزی
عاشقانه = مِهرآمیز
رمانتیک = مِهرآمیز
حس کردن = سُهیدن (sOhidan)، سُوهیدن، دریافتن
حس/احساس = سُهِش (sOhEsh)، دَریابش، دریافت، اَندَریافت
احساس (عاطفه) = مِهر، مهربانی | شور
عاطفه = مِهر، مهربانی، مِهروَرزی
عاطفی (رفتارِ کسی) = مِهروَرز، مهربان، نَرمخو
محبت = مِهروَرزی، مهربانی، مِهر، دوستی
مجرد = بیهَمسَر، تَک، تنها
علاقه = دِلبَستِگی، دوست داشتن
علاقهمند = دِلبَسته، دوستدار
تمایل داشتن = گَرایِش داشتن، خواهان بودن
عزیز = گرامی، گران، گرانمایه، ارجمند، پُراَرزِش
عزیز = نازنین، جانَم، جان، دُردانه،
یکی یک دانه (یکی یه دونه)
عزیزم = جانَم، جانانَم، نازنینَم، دلدارَم، نورِچَشم
لطف = مِهر، مِهربانی، نَرمی، نیکی، نیکویی، بخشش
لطفاً = مِهر وَرزیده، خواهشمندم، خواهشمند است
لطف دارید = مِهر دارید، مهربان هستید
حیا = شَرم، آزَرم
با حیا = آزَرمین، آزَرمگین، سَربِزیر، سَربِراه، شَرمین،
با شَرم
خجالت = شَرم، آزَرم، کَمرویی
خجالتی = کَمرو، آزَرمگین، آزَرمین
متین = سنگین، آرام، اُستوار، بُردبار، خوددار
متواضع = فُروتَن، سَربِزیر
با تربیت = با اَدب، پَروَریده، پَرهیخته، با فرهنگ
نجیب = پاکدامن، نیکنِهاد، پاکنِهاد، نیکگوهر،
وارَسته، بُزُرگوار، پارسا
عفت = پاکدامنی، پارسایی، پاکی
لطیف = نرم، نازک
ظریف = باریک، شکننده، لاغر، ناز، نازُک، نازنین،
نازُک اَندام، نازُک تَن
ملیح = بانَمَک، نَمَکین، گَندُمگون، گیرا، دلنشین
جذاب = گیرا، دلرُبا، تودِل برو، خوشآیند، دِلپَذیر
عکس (تصویر) = نِگارِه، فَرتور (fArtUr)،
رُخش* (rOxš)
*(رُخش، در "لغت فُرس اسدی"، بجای عکسِ عربی آمده. با رَخشِ اسب یکی نشود)
چَت کردن (chat) = گَپیدن، گَپ زدن
چت روم (Chatroom) = گَپسَرا
تلفن کردن = زنگ زدن
تماس = پَرماس (pArmās)
تماس گرفتن = پَرماسیدن
صحبت/حرف = سخن، گَپ، گفتگو، دَردِ دِل
جالب = شایان، برجسته، کِشَندِه (kEšandeh)،
با کِشِش، اَندیش گیر، نِگَر اَنگیز
جالب توجه = شایان، شایانِ نِگَرِش، درخورِ نِگَرِش،
کِشَندِه، برجسته، نِگَریستنی
چه جالب! = چه خوب!، چه بامَزِه!
تقاضا کردن = درخواستن، درخواست کردن،
خواهش کردن
اصرار کردن = پافشاری کردن، پافشردن، پیله کردن،
پاپیچ شدن
التماس کردن = لابه کردن، لابیدن
رابطه = پیوند، بَستِگی
قول دادن = پیمان بستن
قول و قرار = پیمان
قسم خوردن = سوگند خوردن
فداکاری = از خود گذشتگی
فدا کردن = از خود گذشتن
وفاداری = پیمان داری، پیمان پایی، پایبندی
وفا کردن = پایدار ماندن
و■■■■■■□□□□□□
بیوفایی = سُست مِهری، پیمانشکنی، ناپایداری
خیانت = پیمانشکنی، نارویی، نارو زدن، ناراستی،
نادرست کاری، دشمن یاری
ناراحت = آزُرده، دِلخور، دِلگیر، اَندوهگین، اَفسُرده،
نَژَند، گِرِفتِه، پَریشان، آشفته، شوریده
ناراحت (خوی و رفتار) = جوشی، زودرنج، تُرشرو، اَخمو
احساساتی (رفتاری) = نازُک سِرِشت، نازُک نِهاد
| پُرشور، زودرنج
قهر = رنجیده، دِلخور
متنفر = بیزار، دِلزَده
غم = اندوه
غمگین = اندوهگین
غمگین کردن = آزُردن، رنجاندن،
دِلِ (کسی را) شکستن
عذاب دادن = آزُردن، رنجاندن
بی عاطفه = نامهربان، سنگدل، خُشک، سرددِل
معذرت میخواهم = ببخشید، پوزش میخواهم
جداً = به راستی، به درستی، بیشوخی
قبول کردن = پذیرفتن
*در پاسخ به پوزش خواهی، به جای: عیبی ندارد، اشکالی ندارد، طوری نیست، مسئلهای نیست وو ...، میتوان گفت:
• باشد!
• خُب!
• بسیار خُب!
• چیزی نیست
سوءتفاهم = بد برداشت، بد دریافت، بد دَریابی،
کَژ دَریابی، کج دَریابی
هدیه = پیشکِش، چشمروشنی، اَرزانی
سوغات/هدیه (از سفر) = رهآورد، ارمغان
کادو = پیشکِش، چشمروشنی
تقدیم کردن = پیشکش کردن
مهم = مِهَند* (mEhAnd)، بااَرزش، برجسته، شایان، گرانمایه
*(مِهَند=مِه+ند ... مِه و کِه = بزرگ و کوچک، بالا و پایین. ... مِهتر و کِهتر = بزرگتر و کوچکتر ..... "ند" پسوند، مانندِ: گَزَند رَوَند 'مانَند')
درک کردن = دریافتن، پی بردن
فهمیدن = دریافتن
تفاهم = همدِلی، هماَندیشی
موافق = همراه، هماندیش، همدل، یکدِل، همدید،
همنِگَر، همدوش، همرأی، همساز
موافقت کردن = پذیرفتن، همدل بودن، همساز بودن
ا☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆
عقد (در ازدواج) = پیمانِ زناشویی
مراسم عقد = گواهگیری، گواهگیران، آیینِ پیوند، آیینِ پیمان
ازدواج = زناشویی، پیوندِ زناشویی، پیمانِ زناشویی،
همسر گرفتن، جفت کردن، جفت شدن
عروس = اَروس*، آروس
*اَروس، پارسی است، از ریشهٔ اوستاییِ اَروش و اَروشه. عرب آنرا وام گرفته و کرده عروس، و به خودمان برگردانده.
عروسی = اَروسی
حجله = اَروس خانه
مبارک = فَرخُنِده، خُجَسته، هُمایون
تبریک = شادباش
مرسی = سپاس
ممنون = سپاس، سپاسگزار
مچکرم = سپاس، سپاسگذارم، سپاسدارم
تشکر = سپاس
خیلی ممنون = بسیار سپاس
خوشحال* = شاد، خُرسَند، خشنود، خوشهال
حال ==== هال*
*هال، از بُنیاد، پارسی است، و عرب آنرا وام گرفته و کرده 'حال'. و هیچ پیوندی ندارد با واژگانِ عربیِ احاله استحاله محال تحویل تَحَوُل مُحَوَل و دهها واژهٔ دیگر که همگی از ریشهٔ عربیِ ح.ا.ل یا ح.و.ل درست شدهاند به چمِ "دگرگونی" و "از این دست به آن دست شدن".
هالِ (حال) پارسیِ ایرانی، همخانواده است با واژگانِ هِندواروپایی مانندِ Heil در آلمانی، و Whole و Health در انگلیسیِ نُوین، و Hāl در انگلیسیِ کُهَن.
هالِ (حالِ) پارسیِ ایرانی، چمِ (معنیِ) روشنی دارد: چگونگی، درستی و آرامشِ تَن یا روان.
• دلش گشت پُر آتش از مِهرِ زال
از او دور شد خورد و آرام و "هال"
(فردوسی)
ا●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●
از به کارگیریِ زبانِ کج و کولهٔ آخوندی، تا آنجا که میشود پرهیز کنیم.
زبانِ پارسیِ ایرانیِ سَرِه، هم توانا است، و هم زیبا و ساده.
درود بر سَرِه گویان و سَرِه گُستَران، ... هر کس به اندازهٔ تَوان.
برای یافتنِ واژگانِ سَرهٔ بیشتر:
۱. از واژهنامههای پارسیِ سَرِه در تارکَدِه (اینترنت) بهره بگیرید.
۲. از دوستان و آشنایان و خویشاوندانی که با زبانهای ایرانیکِ لُری [یادگارِ پارسیگ پَهلَوی]، کوردی، بلوچی، مازَنی، گیلَکی [و دیگر زبانهای ایرانیک] آشنایی دارند یاری بگيريد.
چون بسیاری از واژگانِ پارسیِ ایرانی که در زبانِ فارسیِ کنونی از میان رفته و با عربی یا فرنگی جایگزین شدهاند، ... همان واژگانِ پارسیِ ایرانی در زبانهای بومیِ ایرانیک به گونهای نگه داشته شدهاند.
۳. سرودههای "سَرِهٔ" کُهَن را بخوانيد، مانندِ نِبیگ ها (کتابها) و نامَک های نظامی گنجوی (بویژه اسکندرنامه)، گرشاسپنامهٔ اسدی توسی، و بسیاری دیگر ....؛ و بالاتر از همه، گُلِ سَرسَبَدِ سُرودِهها، خِردنامه یا شاهنامهٔ فردوسی که بزرگترین و پرشکوه ترین سروده در تاریخِ جهان است.
درود بر سَرِه گویان و سَرِه گُستَران، ... هر کس به اندازهٔ توان.
...
👌👌👌👌👏👏👏👏👏👏👏☺☺☺☺☺
Durud.
As a Tajik I understood almost everything in those sentences.
Sipos. Umedvoram besyortar in chunin videohoro benam.
Wonder if you'd be able to organize this with Ancient Greek 😁🇬🇷
I believe contemporary Greek has not changed a great deal from ancient Greek.
BIG LOVE FROM ROMANIA♥️♥️
آفرین بچه ها 🤩 فوق العاده بود 👏👏
Thank you so much: I have been asking to see a video like this for so long. It seems to me the same difference from Modern to Ancient Greek! Wow!
I think Poya avoided actual simple sentences and he went straight to tough ones to make it interesting because so much of Middle Persian has remained exactly the same ... my guess is he probably wanted to avoid making it simple in case it gets boring 😂 So I'm impressed with Mahya and Naghmeh's ability to figure them out. It makes so much sense after you know the meaning 😂
Mahya is Muslim you should hate here.
@@hanak2159 Wtf
@@بيتالاحرار Well, he had some hate speech against Muslims before and that's why I say that to him. If he is really hates Muslim then why he admiring thus Muslim Hijabi. Big contradiction.
@@hanak2159 stop talking out of your ass lol
@@hanak2159 Not a contradiction. A person can despise an ideology without hating everyone who adheres to it.
خیلی از کلمات و واژه ها بر خلاف تصور ما که فکر میکنیم عربی هستن، کاملا ایرانی هستن و از ایران به اعراب داده شدن مثل کلمه خلیج که در عربی معنی براش ندارن چون واژه ایرانیه از فارسی میانه به معنی خل (کج، چیزی کج) و ایج به معنی کج راه آبی یا راه آبی کج پس اگرم چیزی باشه برعکس تصورماس
قابِلِ ● غیرقابلِ (همسَنگ های پارسیِ ایرانی):
قابلِ خوردن .............. خوردنی
غیر قابلِ خوردن ........ نَخوردنی
قابلِ دیدن .............. دیدنی، دیده شدنی
غیر قابل دیدن ........ نَدیدنی، دیده نَشدنی
قابل توجه ........ درخورِ نِگَرِش، دیدنی، بَرجَسته،
چشمگیر
غیرقابل توجه .... نادیدنی، نابَرجَسته، ناچیز،
نَدَرخورِ نِگَرِش (؟)
قابلِ ذکر ............. گفتنی، شایانِ یادآوری، یادآوردَنی
غیرقابل ذکر ............... نَگفتنی، نَشایانِ یادآوری،
یاد نَیاوَردَنی
امکان پذیر ...... شُدنی
ممکن ............ شُدنی | شاید
غیرممكن ...... نَشُدنی، ناشُدنی
عملی ............ شُدنی
غیر عملی .... نَشُدنی، ناشُدنی
قابلِ انجام ........... شُدنی، انجام شدنی، انجام پذیر
غیرقابل انجام ...... نَشُدنی، انجام نَشُدنی، انجام ناپذیر
زراعت کردن .... کِشت کردن، کاشتن
زراعت، زرع ........... کشاورزی، بَرزِگری
قابلِ زرع ........... کِشتنی (kEshtani)، کِشت پذیر
غیرقابل زرع ..... نَکِشتنی، ناکِشتنی، کِشت ناپذیر
فهم .............. دریافت
فهمیدن ......... دریافتن
قابلِ فهم ............. دریافتَنی، دریافت پذیر
غیر قابلِ فهم ....... درنَیافتَنی، دریافت ناپذیر
انتقاد کردن ........ نِکوهیدن، خُرده گرفتن
قابلِ انتقاد ...... نِکوهیدنی، نِکوهش پذیر،
نِکوهش شدنی، خُردهپذیر
غیرقابل انتقاد .... نانِکوهیدنی، نِکوهِش ناپذیر،
نِکوهِش نَشدنی
انعطاف .............. نَرمِش، خَمیدگی
قابل انعطاف ...... خَم پذیر، خَم شدنی، خَمیدنی،
نَرمِش پذیر
غیرقابل انعطاف .... خَم ناپذیر، خَم نَشدنی، ناخَمیدنی،
نَرمِش ناپذیر
عفو کردن ......... بَخشیدن، بَخشودن
قابلِ عفو ........... بَخشیدنی، بَخشودنی، بخشش پذیر
غیرقابل عفو ..... نابَخشودنی، بَخشش ناپذیر
اغماض کردن .... گذشتن، چشمپوشیدن،
چشمپوشی کردن، بخشیدن
قابلِ اغماض ...... گذشت پذیر، بخشش پذیر،
چشمپوشیدنی
غیرقابل اغماض .... گذشت ناپذیر، بخشش ناپذیر،
چشمناپوشیدنی
قابل اعتماد ......... باور پذیر، اُستُوان (OstOvaan)
غیرقابل اعتماد ...... باور ناپذیر، نااُستُوان
قابل اطمینان .......... باور پذیر، شایانِ باور
غیرقابل اطمینان ............. باورناپذیر
قابلِ پیشبینی ........ پیشبینی شدنی،
پیشبینی کردنی
غیرقابل پیشبینی .... پیشبینی نَشدنی،
پیشبینی نَکردنی
تامل کردن ..... دِرَنگ کردن، اَندیشیدن، ژرفاَندیشیدن
قابلِ تامل ..... دِرَنگ کردنی، شایانِ دِرَنگ، اَندیشیدنی،
شایانِ اندیشیدن, شایانِ ژرفاَندیشی
تحمل .............. بَرتافتن، تاب آوردن، کَشیدَن
قابل تحمل ....... بَرتافتَنی، تاب آوردنی، کَشیدَنی
غیرقابل تحمل .... برنَتافتنی، تاب نَیاوردنی، ناکَشیدَنی،
تَوان فَرسا، جانکاه
کنترل ............ مهار، اَفسار
قابل کنترل ....... مهار شدنی، مهار کردنی
غیرقابل کنترل ..... مهار نَشدنی، مهار نَکردنی،
اَفسارگسیخته
بیان .......... گفتن
قابلِ بیان ...... گفتنی
غیرقابل بیان .......... نَگفتنی
قابل باور ............. باور کردنی، باوَرپَذیر
غیرقابل باور ......... باور نکردنی، باوَرناپَذیر
تصور کردن ........ اِنگاشتن، پِنداشتن
قابل تصور ......... اِنگاشتنی، پِنداشتنی
غیرقابل تصور ..... نااِنگاشتنی، ناپِنداشتنی
معالجه (علاج) ........... درمان، چاره
قابل معالجه .......... درمان شدنی، درمان پذیر
غیرقابل معالجه ........ درمان نَشدنی، درمان ناپذیر،
بیدرمان
قابل بخشش .... بخشیدنی، بخشودنی، بخشش پذیر
غیرقابل بخشش ....... نابخشودنی، بخشش ناپذیر
مقایسه کردن ........ همسَنجیدن
مقایسه ................ همسَنجی، همسَنجِش
قابل مقایسه .............. همسَنجیدنی، همسَنجِش پذیر
غیرقابل مقایسه .......... همسَنجِش ناپذیر
حل کردن (یک دشواری) ..... گُشودن، چاره کردن
قابلِ حل ................... گُشودنی، چاره پذیر
غیرقابل حل ........... ناگُشودنی، چاره ناپذیر
لاینحل ................ ناگُشودنی، چاره ناپذیر
تشخیص دادن .......... بازشِناختن
قابلِ تشخیص ......... بازشِناختنی
غیرقابل تشخیص .... بازنَشناختنی
قبول کردن ........... پذیرفتن
قابلِ قبول ........... پذیرفتنی
غیر قابل قبول ..... نَپَذیرفتنی
تحسین کردن ....... سُتودن
قابل تحسین ....... سُتودنی
===============================
●رویِهَمرَفتِه، اگر X یک کارواژه (فعل) باشد، یا یک 'بُنواژه نام' (اسم مصدر):
• قابِلِ-x .................. x-ی | x-شُدنی | x-پذیر |
شایانِ-x | در خُورِ x
• غیرِقابلِ-x .......... نَ-x-ی | x-نَشُدنی | x-ناپَذیر |
نا-x-ی | x-ناشدنی
===============================
واژگانِ عربی را عربهای تازِشگر با زور آوردند. سپس آخوندها و سُرایندگانِ سَبُکسَر و چاپلوس یا هَپَروتی آن واژگان را پَراکندند و رَواک (رواج) دادند، ... بیشتر برای 'خودنمایی'.
سپس به مردم باوَراندَند که بی آن واژگانِ بیگانه، نمیتوان سخن گفت.
بَرآیندِ (حاصلِ، نتیجهٔ) آن شد: زبانِ کج و کولهٔ کنونی، ... زبانِ آخوندی.
چند زادمانِ (نسلِ) پیش، میگفتند 'دارالفنون' و 'پلیتکنیک' و 'فَکولتِه'! ... و مردمِ بیچاره میبایِست این واژگانِ عربی فرنگی را یکی یکی از بَر کنند.
سپس، هَمسَنگ های ایرانیِ آنها آمدند: دانشگاه، هنرستان، دانشکده، دانشکدهٔ فنی، دانشسرا وو.
اینها را هَتا (حتی) مردمِ بیسواد هم میتوانستند دَریابَند، چون پارسیِ ایرانی 《ساده》 است.
در اینجا هیچ ستیزی با زبانهای ناایرانیک نیست. هَتا (حتی) شایسته و بایِسته است که آنها را آموخت.
ولی آنها اگر بجای واژگانِ ایرانی به کار برده شوند، از درون، تاروپودِ دستگاهِ واژهسازی و روانیِ زبانِ پارسی را میدَرَند.
زیبایی و نیروی زبانِ پارسیِ سَرهٔ ایرانی، از 《سادگیِ 》آن میآید.
همانندِ زیباروییِ خدادادی و نِهادین (طبیعی)، که بینیاز است از زیوَر و آذین.
واژگان بیگانه، این سادگیِ آسمانی را نابود میکنند.
درود بر سَرِه گویان و سَرِه گُستَران، ... هر کس به اندازهٔ توان.
👌👌👌👏👏👏👏👏👏❤❤💓
it is so clear for a Persian speaker, I don't know why these two knowledgeable guests struggled so much to understand the simplest words! maybe Bahador may have chosen two more brighter girls! the gentleman from Tehran obviously is a great linguist
بعضی قسمتاش واقعا سخت بود. افرین! شما باعث افتخار ما هستید بانوان پر استعداد ایران
I understood 90 percent of all the sentences as a native Iranian who lives in Iran speaks standard Persian !
I don't know why did they even struggled in some sentences ?! It was soo easy that it was as if they are struggling with understanding modern Persian !!!!
Perhaps they just forgot some Persian words since both of them are no longer in Iran (which is weird) Or perhaps they just couldn't find the right English equivalent of the words (which would explain why did they even max or struggled to understand at times)
Great job as always bahador ;)
I really enjoyed your perfect conversation. I'd been actually waiting for it since I subscribed your channel , 2 years ago . Thank you for sharing the great content you've ever made. Hamed, a polyglot ever enthusiastic for learning and training
This is a fantastic program. I love it.
Finally,was looking for a video like this
Salom az Samarqand ba hama man ham bisyor kalimaro fahmidam
To some extent I can understand it (words) sometime it gives similar meaning some time it gives related meaning like Nang (honour)
Graan (Difficult)
Karem/Kawom (Doing) [Present Continuous/ Present Indefinite and can also be used for Future just by adding Ba/bay/Bayed etc]
And many more words to write it here but the comment will become long to read.
Edit: Am a Pashtun
make sense because pashto has a lot of archaic features
Pashto is the language of terrorist Taliban
@@allahmuhammad225 For you it is ❤️
@@yousafdaudzai3078 My brother, do not listen to this fool. I am a farsizaban kabuli from Afghanistan, and i have studied pashto, such an amazing and unique language, although it was very hard for me 😭 😅
Interestingly in my native language Bandari spoken in southeastern Iran, we use 'kar' as a present stem for the Infinitive verb 'kerden' (to do).
Imperative verb: bekar
Negative form: makar
I will do = a-karom
I have to do = be-karom
I'm doing = a-kerd-am / a-kerden-om
I will not do = nā-karom
Omg Bahador! You did it wow! Afarin!!! Amazing vid very educational and insightful
This is awesome. Great work, mate!
Having studied both the grammar of Middle Persian language and Modern Persian language I can totally admit that it's is understandable quite easily. Depends of course on the occasion and the text...
Persia's influence on central and south Asia cannot be overstated.
Dushman is definitely Iranic. in Kurdish Dimli (Zazaki) and Kurmanji it is Dishmin/Dijmin. Which translates "against me"
Are you Zaza?
@@ardeshirbabakan9034 We call ourselves Dimli. But we are known as "Zaza" yes.
@@sher7174 yes dilamans are from gilan originally
@@ardeshirbabakan9034 untrue. Daylamites are originally from around Mosul. Read ancient Christian and Jewish sources. They settled in Gilan.
@@sher7174 btw the kurds are IRANIAN
Thank you for this program. It was educational. Will it be possible for you to compare Parthian-Pahlavi with the classical Persian that we speak today in Iran as well?
I am a native Persian speaker who speaks German and Polish. Many of the structures exist in both
There were a lot of "Germanic" sounding words - shared ancient Indo-European roots?
Would love to see a Ottoman Turkish and Present Turkish video.
An Ottoman and Persian video comparison would be cool too
I think it's the same just the script is different and some words were removed by Kemal Atatürk
88% of ottoman language was Persian and Arabic
Bahador this video was awesome but our friend has chosen the weirdest Parsig texts. He could use "Karnamag e Ardaxshir" or "Andarze khusrawe Kavadan". Those texts have more texts of common scence. This all was pure zoroastrian text and talking about words that are not common today.
If he chose first paragraph of ''Karnamag e Ardaxshir" the persian speaking people would feel more connected to the language of theirs ancestors.
BTW the video was so good and I thank you for this.
Problem with the Karnameh is that it was written during the 9th century. Hence the text is in Late Middle Persian which is closer to New Persian.
@@dunkens9575 thanks
I wonder how much and how fluid zorastrians in Bharat (India) and Iran are in avestan language, since they do their prayers and rituals in that language as far as I know. The difficulty would be to find a zoroastrian to join this channel 😅
Thank you Bahador for all your interesting topics. It is nice to see how your work has evolved from your first videos to know, may blessings shower upon you and your family 🙏
Thank you! There have actually been Zoroastrians who participated in videos on my channel but as modern Persian speakers
@@BahadorAlast i can give you contact of a person who teaches avestani to those who want to become Zoroastrian priests
@@ssam7384 wow, I see new video coming 😁
We aren’t that difficult to find lol avestan is slightly diff to Pahlavi. We have translations for our prayers to help us understand but yes if you speak Farsi or Hindi / Urdu then it will help you . The avestan script is actually not that difficult either. Or you just learn what the prayers mean due to learning the meanings when younger.
Very interesting video 👌👌
Sanksrit readers cant understand Avestan. They must have split thousands of years ago.
Good to know about middle Persian language
All languages are fluid, taking on new words, meanings and in transition all the time throughout their existence. However, it's amazing to see how some languages preserve so much to be able to have a good degree of intelligibility after so many centuries!
Iranians living in the south west of Iran still speak Middle Persian
Wow! Really?
India always have a good relation with Iran, before and after Islam. In regards to Sassanids, I want to tell about Kushanshahs which was established by Sassanids in the area north of India. So they were practicing Hinduism and Buddhism, along with Zoroastrianism but language was Middle Persian and Bactrian.
I'm Pakistani, I love Persian and in old days Persian and Arabic was compulsory to study in schools etc as our Holy book Quran is in Arabic so every Pakistani and every Muslim know how to read Arabic till date, it was a symbol of education in our system..♥️🇵🇰
No doubt
it seems that The Arabics became yours education system symbol ,right?
@@fradafrada6276 yeah, Arabic is our holy language, everyone in Pakistan and every Muslim know how to read Arabic bcoz our QURAN is in Arabic.. but back then these 2 langs was must to learn but Arabic is still
@Shariq Khan keep it up and bin salman will still help you with more money.😄
@@fradafrada6276 your thinking 🤣😂🤣😂
Honestly such a cool video, though I think Pouya could have picked some simpler ones too haha. It seemed like he didn't wanna have any terms that are too easy.
The interesting thing is Sassanian and Parthian languages are so similar that you can consider them almost as dialects of the same language. The further back you go in time the more similar the different Iranic tongues are. For example as mentioned in the video Sassanians used to use "Ez" for I which is typically Parthian and Northwest Iranic. And still exists in Kurdish dialects, Talysh and some East Iranic tongues.
"Ez" was a loanword in Middle Persian (maybe taken from Parthian), the correct equivalent of the Parthian/Northwestern Iranian "ez" in Middle Persian should have been "ed" (in Old Persian it was "Ed" / "Edem"), because "dz" changes to "d" in Southwestern Iranian/Persian languages.
@@kurdekibedin1347 This is false. MP. az/an is derived from OP. adam. Spirantisation of intervocalic /d/ is a feature of many Persian & Persid vernaculars in the Zagrus Mountains. For example, Classical Persian آدر (ādar) > Modern Persian آذر (āzar).
@@dunkens9575 you are wrong that spirantisation didnt exist in persian before islam it only happened because of arabic which had dh. if itd happened before then ramadhan would not be ramazan. and itd happened for later arabic words too.
thats the reason why its only azarbaijan in new persian and not in middle Persian.
@@kurdekibedin1347 what's initial s often voiced? I mean you are talking about a consonantal shift, not the change of phonology.
@@kurdekibedin1347 Correct this is also one of the reasons why I am a little skeptical about the "SW Iranic" classification of Sassanid. There are extremely many words in Sassanian which do not appear SW Iranic or derived from Old Persian. It's almost like Sassanian was a transitional language between Median and Old Persian.
Great sir. I want to point out that Persian has big influence on Bengali and dates back to the 13th century and assimilation of Persian literary trends into the Indian cultural landscape. Even some Iranians settled as Ulamas, teachers, and poets in Bengal. The result was a growing popularity Persian tales among Bengali people, such as that of Laili and Majnu, Yusuf and Julekha, or the works of Ferdousi, Jami, and Nizami Ganjavi, and an absorption of Persian words into the Bengali language. Persian remained the official state language of Bengal for 600 years, until the British changed it to English in the 19th century.
In marathi as well.
@@vivekpuri-08 Nope Bengal was under Mughals and Nawabs while Maharashtra was under Marathas. Marathas promoted Marathi (Their Native Language) as well as Sanskrit.
@@indiafirst3676 i am marathi + hindi speaking guy, I know the reality bro.
Even though shivaji maharaj and later mr. Savarkar started language re-vamp many words from sanskrit could not replace existing persian/arabic words like gunah , awaaz , jameen, fakt , sohbat , darwaja , daria and few more.
@@vivekpuri-08 I am not saying that Marathi absolutely has no Persian/Arabic Influence but it's very less. Generally as we move from India's North to South, Foreign Influence on Language, Religion, Music, Dance, Architecture etc.. goes on decreasing. Maharashtra being in Deccan and just above South India has little to no foreign influence. Dravidian Languages just South of Maharashtra are completely free from Foreign Influence. While Northern Languages like Kashmiri, Punjabi and even Bengali have strong foreign influence.
@@indiafirst3676 completely agree brother. 👍👍👍
Man khona ravam - that’s how we say in Samarkand. Pahlavi language sounds similar to modern tajik language.
Hello,i'm from Iran and i'm interested in persian speakers in central Asia can you tell me what percentage of peaple in Samarkand speak persian?
@@monamiebelle3821 20-30% of Uzbekistan is Persian Tajik
This was super interesting, please do another one on Old Persian, that would be fun to watch and guess as you go along
2:47 Wouldn’t it be _xānag_ instead of _xān_ ? The speaker pronounces _w_ as /v/, and _ā_ as /ɒː/. It is essentially Middle Persian in a Iranian-Persian accent, which makes it easier to understand and less authentic.
The phonology of Modern Persian is similar to Arabic. That's why I guess. Middle Persian might have sounded more like Germanic or Latin in that sense more European.
@@user-11188 yes, you are right. It's highly influenced by Arabs. Also that there is almost no consonant cluster anymore. Historical bradar or bráðar in Persian changed to baradar. And so on. I like the sound of Middle Persian and Old Persian reconstructed. ♥️
از این سری بیشتر بسازین .مخصوصن پیدا کردن شباهتهای زبانهای ایرانی با اروپایی خیلی جالبه
Bahador. If you got someone who could speak Luri Persian they would probably understand it better. Since it’s supposedly the closest existing thing to Middle Persian.
Achomi is the one that holds Sassanid characteristics
واسه ما لرها شبیه لری کتابیه
Wow very cool. I am interested in hearing a Luri Persian too
اچمی هرمزگانی نزدیکترین به پارسی میانه است.
Luri and Basseri Persian are the closest I believe
It's clear that middle Persian was the mother of the modern Persian and the Kurdish language, the word "man" (me) was (Az), this word is still used in Kurdish (Kurmanji accent) for the same meaning. Meanwhile "Az" is still used in many Indo-European languages such as Lativian, in Lithuanian is diverted to "Ash", in German it is "Ish", in Dutch it is "ik", even English "I" may well be derived from the same source.
*old persian >middle persian > new persian
*median>parthian > kurdish
*kurmanji is dialect not accent
It's *ich* in German, similar to the /X/ letter used in this vid to describe kh.
@@rebarlatif1998 Do you mean Median language was different from old Persian? I think if you know both Kurdish and Persian very well you will discover that the sort of similarity can not be far deep in history.
Kurmanji is a dialect for sure, thanks for the correction.
@@SchmulKrieger Thanks for the correction, "ish" was really my spelling mistake. 👍
@@Random_Evolution modern persian and its variants descended from middle persian and that from old persian. it’s southwestern, it has southwestern phonology, structre etc. but kurdish is a whole northwestern language and the relationship of it with persian is not that enormous to detect it as the middle persian’s child. median and parthian gave birth to kurdish, more correctly.
please do comparing between south iranian lungugs which includes : ,Bandari of bandar Abbas ,Achomi bastaki Lari ,bashkgardi east and south kerman (Rodani/jirofti/minabi/rodbari/dehdashti etc),bandari of busher,persian dashti,Tarakoma/Lamardi bairami etc ..khozi(shoshtri/desfoli/behbhani/mahshri/hindijani/abadani_ramhormzi etc
Those aren’t language but all dialects of Persian
Reading Middle Persian written in Pahlavi is really difficult, but not more difficult than reading Modern Persian in Arabic script.
That is not Arabic Script .
@@sorooshshahrivar8594 that is Arabic script
@Arif I know bro, even the so called Islamic architecture and arts and actually Sassanid architecture
i would go on about writing a detailed erreta (e.g. how in pahlawi the ā sound is a long 'a' and not close to 'o' like in modern persian, or that the w sound is closer to a consonantal 'u' like how east afghans and arabs pronounce waw etc.) but the guy did a great job, and going into accurate phonetics would have made the thing even weirder for modern iranians..
i think the problem was that you selected sentences from old texts like mēnõg-i xrad and bundahišn that include not only ancient forms of words but ancient concepts too..
How do we know that short and long 'a' differ only in quantity instead of quality in middle persian ? But I agree, it seems more accurate.
@@antidweller6373 it can be deduced by comparative phonetic analysis, i.e. how common loanwords like names or culturally unique conceps (e.g. 'farsang/parasanga' etc.) are attested in other languages : )
Would love to see stuff like this for other languages, maybe even English!
Though I can't help but wonder if Middle English might still be too similar to modern English for this purpose, and/or Old English too dissimilar to modern English for said purpose as well. (And I say this knowing that only the earliest varieties of Old English were even contemporary to the latter part of the Middle Persian period)
Dushman in Croatian means enemy too
Is this a persian word?
Yes. It is a Persian word which went to Turkish and from Turkish to Croatian during the time when Ottoman empire colonized the Balkans
Yep, "Dushman" is a Persian word derived from the Sanskrit word "Dushma / Dushta" meaning "Evil".. Persians projected their enemies as evil.
@@astesiaa It’s not derived from Sanskrit, its root is Iranian not Indo-Aryan.
It went into Hindi and other Indic languages as a loanwords afterwards however because of Persian influence
I love IRAN (Persia language)
مرسی از کارات❤❤❤
Persian is so much similar to Urdu. I love farsi❤
Urdu was created in 13th century India by mixing New Persian, Arabic and Indian Prakrit languages.
With learning middle persian we easily can understand all iranian languages like Kurdish pashtun balooch mazadari gilak Lori.....
Are you Balochi?
Middle Persian is not the mother of all Iranian languages that you want to learn all Iranian languages by learning this language
@@BigIVI but I did learn a little avestai and pahlavi and easily understand mabee because of Similarity for example dim in avesta and pahlavi means surat or face and from talesh till firuzkuh say dim ....
@@arexta153 no I'm iranian and learn a little middle persian and marvelously understand balooch pashtoon kordestanian .......
@@s.keikhosro_5555
از کجای ایران هستید ؟؟
I'm in love with that lady Naghmeh. She's so perfect. Beautiful, smart, and you can tell she's very nice and sweet.
Love this episode. Some words are in Urdu as well. She was right that does sound like Urdu 😄
Urdu is a dialect of Hindi with some persian baluchi pashtu Arabic Turkic loan words
@@yourwifesfirsthusband2038 if I'm not mistaken Urdu and Hindi are both variations of Hindustani where Urdu has more Persian and Arabic influence
@@panajotispapagiannopoulos2579 urdu and hindi are the same language, dont worry, the grammar and tone is exactly the same, and urdu speakers tend to use more arabic words to be more islamized (since they are muslims)
@@OmPrakash-pc1ec Urdu has many Middle Persian Zoroastrian names even more than Islamic Arab ones and on the other hand Hindi has more Sanskrit word with some Middle Persian words.
@@ShahanshahShahin
Even Urdu has Sanskrit words.
The numbers, Day of the week all are from Sanksrit
Omg! The best time cuz I just was thinking about that and willing content about Pahlawi language
Middle Persian is phonologically closer to Kurdish in my opinion. Again, I said PHONOLOGICALLY, not grammatically or in terms of vocabulary.
I have also watched a Middle Persian video and much of it sounded like modern Kurdish or Luri. For example, you still have the "XW" sound in Kurdish or the "W" sound in general.
English: eat
Modern Persian: xordan
Middle Persian: xwardan
Kurdish: xwaran/xwardan
English: sister
Modern Persian: xahar
Middle Persian: xwah/xwahar
Kurdish: xwah
English: good (can’t translate it in English)
Modern Persian: xush
Middle Persian: xwesh
Kurdish: xwesh
Middle Persian also had a harsher accent.
Sassanian was very similar to Parthian. I am even skeptical about the "Southwestern character" of Sassanian. As a large part of it's vocabulary does not appear to be derived from Old Persian but more connected to Parthian. It's almost as if Sassanian is transitional between Northwestern (Median) and Southwestern (Old Persian).
XW sound is not Southwestern it is Old Iranic (also seen in Avestan, Median and Old Persian).
@@sher7174 Persian was heavily influenced by Parthian and Median. Many people say that the word "paradise" is a Persian loanword within languages that are spoken in Europe, but it is actually of Median origin
Middle Persian sounds angrier 😆
@@mohammadaminvali3363 Imo modern Persian sounds more "feminine".
@@sher7174 yes
Fradom seems like 'Pratham' which means Fisrt and Wistar seems like 'Wistaar' in North Indian languages and Sanskrit....And Panjom like Pancham which means Fifth one in Sanskrit 🇮🇳
Thanks for this. Can you do one with Achaemenid Persian as well please? It’s amazing how much of the zend-avastha i can understand but very little of pehlavi and modern
Would be great to have a video on Sanskrit and Middle Persian, lots of cognates one would imagine..
It would be interesting to see this for more languages.
He did it with Old Turkish also
@Zakaria Ali indeed
Are you from Egypt?
I love your content. I hope the video is in Arabic and Russian and some words of Arabic origin are similar ♥️♥️♥️