Divination in the Ancient Near East: The Ephod and Teraphim
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 11 ต.ค. 2024
- This week we continue our look at divination in the Ancient Near East with a closer look at the ephod and teraphim. These objects were associated with casting lots, divination, and even cult statuary and idols. How are these words used? What do they refer to? Is the ephod just sacerdotal garb the Israelite priests wore or can it be something else? Are teraphim images of dead ancestors or cult idols of gods? Let's dig in.
#Bible #Archaeology #biblicalarchaeology #divination #magic #ephod #theephod #teraphim #householdgods #idols #israelitepriests #ancestorworship
If you are interested in learning more about this topic we suggest you start here:
Frederick Cryer, Divination in Ancient Israel and it’s Near Eastern Environment: A Socio-Historical Investigation. Journal for the Study of the Old Testament Supplement Series 142. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1994.
“An Ephod(?) from Thebes,” Museum of Fine Arts Bulletin, Vol. 2, No. 2 (Mar., 1904), pp. 7-8.
Flynn, Shawn W., “The Teraphim in Light of Mesopotamian and Egyptian Evidence” The Catholic Biblical Quarterly , October 2012, Vol. 74, No. 4 (October 2012), pp. 694-711.
Labuschagne, Casper, "Teraphim : a new proposal for its etymology," Vetus Testamentum 16 [1966] 116.
van Dam, Cornelius, The Urim and Thummim: A Means of Revelation in Ancient Israel. Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns.
van der Toorn, Karel, “The Nature of the Biblical Teraphim in the Light of the Cuneiform Evidence” The Catholic Biblical Quarterly, April, 1990, Vol. 52, No. 2 (April, 1990), pp. 203-222.
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01:00 The Ephod
05:49 Teraphim
07:53 The archaeology of the ephod
10:50 The archaeology of teraphim
12:35 What to make of all this?
16:00 Don't forget to like and subscribe!
Nice explanation. Unbiased and informative! Helpful to both Christians and non-Christians alike.
Great expositions
Another great video!
Hahaha love the Ferris reference!
He said "as far as Im concerned" in other words he will not admit that the Egyptian Robe and the Ephod are the same! Therefore it would link the history of the Ephod to originally EGYPTIAN! Once again it further proves that religion and in particular the Jewish religion is rooted in the religion of the ancient Egyptians!
Ephods and Teraphim is simply Scepterlike figurines and Deitylike Figurines respectively as even the old testament made it clear that the ark of covenant contains an idol-like figurines called the Cherubims. (Exodus 25 vs 18-22). Thus, it is unapologetically proven that even the Yaahweh of the Old testament commanded Moses to mould him idols in contrast to the commandments he gave in Exodus 20 vs 3-4.(thou shalt not make any graven image.)
The Bible which was compiled from several ancient practices promotes obviously ancestral veneration and figurines stocking of our ancestors in the guise of "Shabti".
We must not neglect the importance of this as monotheism is actually a baseless madness enforced into the religious Liturgy to control.
The cosmological pantheons of ancient Africans gave clarity on why Figurines and scepters are an intrinsic part of worship and divination. The IGBOS which existed before the Jews called it "Ofo and Ikenga" (Ephod and Teraphim " respectively.....
This is simple for I belong to a lineage of priests whose tradition is stretched beyond 500 BC.
Even when the bible mentioned Libation, it included that tye breastplate at which all the figurines (Teraphims and ephods are kept ) must be made of Gold for the pouring of Libation so that the spirits will commune at the same time in the same breastplates.
We obviously don't need the bible as our priestly duties predates the bible and some ancient texts and practices as we are the sages....m
Sakarsimon, thank you for this Igbo representation and wisdom. I am curious to know much more. May I ask, have you heard of the book along the title of "They came before Adamu" written by a Nigerian researcher? I am asking if this will give accurate chronological depiction so that I may better understand. Thank you 🙏
The Teraphim from Rachel was before the actual Israel as a people received their God. God came to His people from the time of Moses; Abraham, Isaac and Jacob have a direct connection with God whereas every other person worshipped other gods including Laban. So the Teraphim isn't related to God almighty because He Himself said you shall have no other gods or any representation of god.
The ark is understood, the ephod also understood because these were sacred symbols; the temple itself, the golden lampstands, the shew bread and other sacred items were a miniature of the real deal, they weren't gods or any representation.
First!
2nd!
@@js1423 Yes!!!!
@@philipps6032 Right!
Thank you guys for putting this together. Lots of great insight.
@@Dr_Armstrong Thank you!!!
The Ephod in Jeremiah?