Rise of the Cossacks - Origins of the Ukrainians DOCUMENTARY
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 27 ก.ค. 2022
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Kings and Generals historical animated documentary series on the history of medieval era continues with a video on the medieval origins of Ukrainians. Previously, we explored how the identity of Ukraine as a nation starting forming with the Kyivan Rus and the kingdom of Ruthenia, and about the Mongol period - • Medieval Origins of Uk... This new video will describe the fall of the Mongol rule over the lands of Ukraine, how the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth took over and how these events led to the Rise of the Cossacks. We will also talk about the Bogdan Khmelnytsky's rebellion.
Russian Invasion of Ukraine: • How Ukraine Won the Fi...
Ancient Origins of Kyivan Rus: • Ancient Origins of the...
Crusades From the Muslim Perspective: • Crusades From the Musl...
Early Muslim Expansion - Yarmouk, Al-Qadisiyyah: • Early Muslim Expansion...
Early Muslim Expansion - Egypt and Iran: • Early Muslim Expansion...
Muslim Schism: • Muslim Schism: How Isl...
Third Crusade: • Third Crusade 1189-119...
Fourth Crusade: • Rise of Bulgaria - Eve...
First Crusade: • First Crusade: Battle ...
Sultanate of Women in the Ottoman Empire: • Sultanate of Women in ...
How the German Empire Provoked Ottoman Jihad in WWI: • How the German Empire ...
Ottoman Battles: • Battle of Kosovo 1389 ...
Why the Ottomans Never Colonized America: • Why the Ottomans Never...
Why the Ottoman Sultans Killed their Brothers: • Why did the Ottoman Su...
Cem Sultan: Ottoman Prince in the Heart of Europe: • Cem Sultan: Ottoman Pr...
Ottoman Pirates: • Ottoman Pirates - Armi...
Turkification of Anatolia: • Turkification of Anato...
Hashashins: • Hashashins: Origins of...
Christian Schism: • Great Schism: The Bitt...
Mos Maiorum: What led to the fall of the Roman Republic?: • Mos Maiorum: What led ...
How Rome Conquered Greece: • How Rome Conquered Gre...
Caesar in Gaul: • Caesar in Gaul - Roman...
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Could you stop calling our capital KIEV it`s name is Kyiv after ancient ruler of Rus Kyi
@@aska8923 - lol, take it easy. Are you pronouncing/spelling the name of every city in the world the same way the natives do? ;)
Hi from Turkey.
Please don't forget about Nestor Mahkno!!!!!!
PUTIN WILL CONQUER EUROPE BY TAKING SUPPORT OF THE MONGOLS
Poland-Lithuania: "So, are you Cossacks fighting for us, or against us?"
Cossacks: "Yes"
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, although being de-facto a country of 3 peoples with Ukrainians being the most numerous, de jure it was a country of 2 peoples.
Which, of course, led to lots of problems and bloodshed.
Cossacs fought for themselves and their freedom in the first place. It was either you live a semi-military cossac lifestyle or you are a slave (a serf).
@@007ShaolinMonk that is a massive oversimplification mate
@@agentfundacji1 you expect me to write a treaty or a poem as the answer to a simple commentary? Are you all right?
Zelensky, a true Ukrainian hateman(cussack leader)
😀 bravo
Regarding the origin of the Cossacs, it is also worth mentioning that in 1528 there was a nation-wide nobility census in the Grand duchy of Lithuania (Popys Zemskyi). As a result, some nobility, who could not prove their origin, or (more commonly) made wrong enemies at the court, were stripped of their rank and land. Those guys also joined the cossacks and they certainly held no love for the government of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
Didn’t knew that, may you send a link or propose some book on the topic ?
By misfits I didn't just imagine adventurers and criminals, but also small nobles who were banished for pissing off the wrong people.
@@agentfundacji1 Links are getting deleted((
Try autotranslating this article. This is about Volyn specifically, but this might give you the general idea.
«Особливості проведення земського перепису литовсько-руського війська у Волинській землі 1528 року» // Український археографічний щорічник. - Вип. 16/17. - 19/20. - С. 151 - 164.
@@lucinae8510 Sure, just clarifying)
Said census was followed by "The first statute of Lithuania" in 1529 (Перший литовський статут), which, among other things, regulated the rights of nobility and introduced some uniformity. Previously, there were "sorts" of nobility - armoured boyars, zem'yans, and others. After this code of laws, all nobility became "shl'ahta", and those who were unlucky enough to not fit the new order had to find a new place in the society. Some of them ended up in Zaporizhya, bringing their martial experience with them.
@@bohdanhovorun3078 thanks, are you studying history by the way ?
As you noticed, the biggest problem for Ukraine as democratic state was, that it was always surrounded by empires…
They are in an indefensible position of many plains. Very tricky, almost as if the only way to survive was the cossack way.
thats true for the whole central eastern europe and balkan
Ukraina is a fake country
Ukraine:"You know, I was something of an empire myself".
Hence the Kiev Rus? Really all Russians claim Ukrainian heritage…..no?
Nice to quote "Hey Sokoli" in the beginning! It is one of the most beautiful folk songs as well in Ukrainian as in Polish.
oh yeah I'm glad i'm not the only one that noticed.
Slovak too!
The Interslavic version is also gorgeous. I'd suggest giving it a listen.
@@RealMothman98 Sounds interesting could you give me a link? I do not find it somehow
The author is Polish teacher from Vinnytza in middle XIX, who was fascinated by Cossack history.
Hey, hey, hey, Falcons. Fly past the mountains, forests and valleys...
Hej Sokoly
Hej Sokoły ❤️
🇬🇧 Ring Ring Ring bell, My steppe Skylark
🇺🇦 дзвін дзвін дзвін дзвіночку, степовий жайвороночку
_Lo, there, somewhere near black waters,_
_A young cossack mounts his horse._
_Sadly he parts with his girl,_
_But even more sadly with Ukraine._
_Hey, hey, hey falcons!_
_Fly past the mountains, forests and valleys._
_Ring, ring, ring little bell._
_My little steppe skylark_
I actually had to look it up, that's pretty cool. 😎👍
Somewhere from beneath that black water
A young uhlan* mounts his horse
He tenderly bids farewell to his girl
Even more tenderly to the Ukraine
My hometown, Kremenchuk, actually was founded as one of those forts against tatars in 1571
cool
Кременчук, походить від тюркського "керменчик", що перекладається як малий замок(фортеця). Якщо мислити логічно, то стає зрозуміло, що Річ Посполита не могли заснувати Кременчуцьку фортецю, бо це місце вже мало назву фортеця від попередніх володарів татар.
@@oleksandrlysenko611 ,если вы украинец,то вы меня удивили,обычно против татар вся ваша история, что украинцев, что у русских.Когда надо делать всемирным злом Золотую Орду вы солидарны русскими в истории
@@samalaimukhametova7290 Розділяй та володарюй - давній імперський принцип. На жаль по відношенню до татар, українців, чеченців і т.д. часто використовувався інший, жорстокий макіавелівський "вільне місто краще знищити і розсіяти його мешканців, бо вони не забудуть про свою свободу і повстануть навіть і через сто років."
Is it still there?
I had long known about the Cossacks even though I was raised in America. I was named after a fictional Cossack, and my parents knew one who settled in St. Louis where they were living. They have always fascinated me, and it pleases me Ukrainians today still celebrate Cossack traditions, customers and culture.
Your ancestors are not from Ukraine but you were called Taras ?
@@camokat86 They were Ukranian.
Nice origins history
Let me guess, Taras Bulba?
@@shylockwesker5530Yes, Taras Bulba.....
There is a big oversimplification in calling the magnates of Ukraine 'polish aristocrats', yes they were the rulling class in a state entity that today is quite misleadingly called 'Poland' but they were predominantly of ruthenian origin. Most of them adopted polish language and catholic faith in the seventeenth century. What made them polish by those days standards was being the citizens of the Commonwealth but even after they 'fully' polonised they still described themselves as 'gente ruthenus natione polonus' that can be translated to 'of ruthenian origin nationality polish', the main thing is that your ethnicity was far less important for the people of this region than your class. For example in the XVI century a calvin noble from western Poland would feel much more fraternity with his ruthenian speaking orthodox counterpart from today Ukraine than with a peasant or a burgher from his surroundings. Fast forwarding to the XIX century we can see that when your ethinicty becomes much larger factor in your national identification there are examples of many families in which brothers and sisters are choosing different nationalities (polish and ukraninian, polish and belarussian or polish and lithuanian). It is also worth mentioning that polonisation of the eastern nobility wasn't aggresive at all and it would be best to describe the process as: 'ruthenian nobility polonised itself' rather than 'ruthenian nobility was polonised'. I know this comment is also a big oversimplification but any has to be as there have been tens of books written about the topic.
It is simplified but right in its core issue which is that being of noble origin was something much more important to people in early modern period and the so-called ‘polonisation’ of ruthenian aristocracy and nobility was a complicated process and cannot be described in XIX century fashion as ‘Ukrainians and Belorussians taking polish identity’. Also you point out, correctly I believe that being a ‘Pole’ in let’s say XVIII century meant something really different that in second half of the XIX, especially after January uprising.
Orthodox people were oppressed in the Commonwealth, for example there is a lot of evidence that you could have problems with obtaining handicraft master status in cities, a lot of Orthodox churches were forcely closed and their land taken as only the Union Church at one moment has become the only one legal non-Catholic church in the country, and a lot more stuff that *forced* you to become Catholic and polonise. Some have done so because they honestly wanted so.
@@theowlx7_alex245 It technically was illegal but it wasn't really oppression by the state which had very little authority. It was mostly the catholic church as an institution which can be accused of those practises and individual noblemen who in practice up to the middle of XVII century had religious freedom (more than it they had right to enforce any denomination on their subject and many newly converted to catholisism ruthenian nobles tried to excersise it). Even after the middle of XVII it is right even the orthodox noblemen lost their privileges but it was after khmelnitsky uprising. There is one big exception to what I am talking and that is the reign of King Zygmunt III who was a zealous catholic and actively supported policies which I must repeat were mostly practice of the church and individual (not meaning scarce in number) noblemen.
@@theowlx7_alex245 Not only in Poland but generally in Europe - it was planned and methodical persecution of other religions conducted by Catholic Church, probably the most famous cases of it were in Spain (inquistion) and France (Bartlomew's Day), in Poland it is called counter-reformation and was relatively milder - without mass killing or burning heretics alive (quite rare, separate incidents happened). In the Commonwealth was more or less strict religion toleration politic which prevented religious wars in opposite to the other west european countries.
You say it's wrong calling them Polish aristocrats then quoting phrase in which they call themselves Polish
I’m Polish but I think Ruthenia should’ve been granted more power during our commonwealth. Something akin to a Polish-Lithuanian-Ruthenian commonwealth
@@iliatregoubenko4224 if not poles there would be no ukraine. K&g presented the romantic overview of that outlaw community.
That is was actually. Getman Ivan Vyhovsky wanted to sign Treaty of Hadiach. And as a result must be a Polish-Lithuanian-Ruthenian commonwealth. But people of that days was too suffered from Pole, and wasn't accept with that treaty.
@@iliatregoubenko4224 It was us who built almost every city in western Ukraine, never forget
@@user-cq2be8ty6o suffered from Ruthenian overlords. Polonised Ruthenian aristocracy ruled there.
@@michachrzanowski1064 Very funny. Including that Ruthenian in cossaks time not accepted neither Poles, neither Russians. The only autocratcy that exist was at Ivan Mazepa times. But that was not much time. Very good narrative from russian propaganda. "They killed themselves" and try to demonize every page at the Ukrainian history. Do you really think that if not poles, ruthenians weren't exist? Or are they appeared there by some magic trick?
Of course now poles are another people like an ukrainians and attitude is different
Otaman and Hetman were two different things.
Otaman(Ataman) was the elected ruler of Zaporozhian Sich. Sich itself was a military camp where Cossacks gathered e.g. before planned military campaigns. Sich was located in different places throughout the history.
Hetman title meant simply the leader of the army - there were hetmans in Polish and Lithuanian armies as well.
Khmelnytskyi never was an Otaman. He fled to the Sich and was proclaimed as a Hetman - the military leader for the upcoming new military campaign.
The state formed by Khmelnyskyi - the Hetmanate (the real name of the state was Zaporozhian Host). But there was still another state - the original Zaporozhian Host (led by Otaman). And the relation between Hetmanate and original Zaporozhian Host were not always good.
@Ka1 The term hetman has a German root.
@Ka1 Ataman is Turkic title(probably a cognate with the word Ottoman, since Osman was Arabized-then-reTurkified form of Osman I's original name, Ataman/Otman), meaning "headman/elderman"
Hetman coincidentally bears the same meaning with the Turkic ataman, however it is obviously Indo-European(head-man)
@Ka1 There is no need for any ket-men/kut-men, moreover this is not a logical etymology. I did not find Cuman - ketmen in the Codex Cumanicus. The Czechs have been using the term hetman since the 13th century (zemský hejtman), without any Turks. The Czech word "hejtman" is derived from the Old High German "hauptmann" ("haupt" means "chief" or "head", "mann" - "man"), and the Polish "hetman" - from the Middle Low German "hōd-man" (in the XIV-XV centuries, was used the variant "etman", from the XV century - "hetman"). In the German language of that time, this word had the meaning "commander of an armed detachment"
ATAMAN,HETMAN,...is close to hitman.
So to put it simply it's like political office vs military office?
Moral of the story is don't mess with the Cossacks
Those catholic lords, magnates from Ukraine were actually Ukrainians/Ruthenians too. They just converted to Catholicism and polonized. Many of them were far descendants of Rurik. Most of them used old Rus title knaz (prince).
Isnt knaz a duke? In Croatia we say knez for dukes, and princ or prijestolonasljednik for princes
@@Mergor_X Depends where and when the title was used. During the reign of Boris I of Bulgaria, it was equivalent to a King, later his son - Simeon I the Great was crowned as the first Tsar(equal to the Byzantine Basileus) by the Patriarch of Constantinople in 913.
@@Mergor_X In Polish language prince and duke are the same word. In those times in Polish-Lithuanian monarchy you could be King (monarch), great prince (monarch - in later times it was always the same person as king), prince (just a title in most cases not connected with any rule over given territory and where it was connected with a rule you were subject of a monarch) and rest of the nobility was just members of nobility able to use only title of knight or some office name if they had any.
W I RP nie było tytułu "Duke."
A "książę" przysługiwał tylko tym, którzy mieli pochodzenie od Giedymina, Ruryka bądź Piasta.
That makes alot of sense, because the Szlachta titles were extended to Lithuanian and Ruthenian nobility. Not to mention, it was a commonwealth, so honestly it sounds more like they overthrew their own nobles, who had been backed by the Polish nobility
So you're telling me Mandalorians were straight up just space cossacks?
Good comparison, didn't think of it.
and in "Dune" settlements called "sietches", its how cossack's settlements were called: "sitch"
I see what you did at the beginning. ;-)
Of course, it's just scratching the surface of an immensely complex and complicated topic (several topics, really). You could make an entire episode about the Church Union of Brest (1596) and how it contributed to the rise of tensions in Ukraine, or create a whole series taking a closer look at the Grand Duchy of Lithuania from its origins.
One thing that I would really like to add was in the part when you discussed the various likely roots of the egalitarian, "democratic" culture of the Cossacks. I'd say that, paradoxically, the political culture of the Polish-Lithuanian nobility was among these roots. The members of _szlachta_ not only enjoyed great privileges but were also very numerous (the lowest of the very varied estimates put them at least at 5% of the whole population, way above the European average) and were all legally equal (no additional "tiers" among the aristocracy, with different rights and privileges). That meant (among other things) that tens of thousands of nobles, many of them simple farmers, took a direct part in electing their kings (who in turn could do very little without the approval of the Sejm - the parliament of the Commonwealth). Many Cossacks found this system attractive and wanted to participate in it, but were harshly denied access. In 1632 a delegation of Cossacks showed up at the special session of the Sejm (known as the convocation), which was preparing for the next royal election, and demanded to take part in it, as they were "the members of the Commonwealth" too. The Grand Chancellor of Lithuania, Albrycht Stanisław Radziwiłł supposedly told them that they may be "members" of the Commonwealth but are to it like fingernails and hair to the human body - need to be cut from time to time, once they grew too much.
Well, as we can see that attitude backfired a bit...
Famous Polish bard Jacek Kaczmarski wrote and sang a song about the aftermath of it during the reign of Jeremi Wiśniowiecki (ukr. Єремі́я Вишневе́цький) in Ruthenia.
The Rada existed back in the days of Rus, oddly enough, the roots lie in the official historical legend those times of the Polish nobility and Cossacks. Both of them traced their history back to the Scythians, and there it was known from written Greek sources that there was democracy among sword owners. Kossak considered any Ruthenian potentially equal after using the social elevator in the form of an army. While the Polish nobility considered a Pole not a nobleman to be dirt, as in principle, a Rusyn Lithuanian, and then they really did not like social elevators. That is, the Cossacks approached the original.
The more people with full civil rights, the less power each representative has.
That is, the Polish nobility was worried about the price of a vote.
I wanted to add similar comments, thanks for bringing them
Not exactly as popular democracy of today but the Polish have Noble democracy while the cossacks have military democracy.
& dtto look: J. Hoffman depicts this element quite nicely in his film Fire and Sword (cca 1984-5) in Chmelnicky's conversation with the main character of this wonderful story.T Docela mile tenhle element zobrazuje J. Hoffman ve svém filmu Ohněm a mečem v rohovoru Chmelnického s hlavním hrdinou toho nádherného příběhu.T
These kind of videos really make you realize just HOW MUCH happens geopolitically in 100 years, even in a little area not often on the world stage. Day to day things seem so stable and unmoving, but you just zoom out a bit and see how untrue that is.
Everyday
Маючи історичну освіту мушу сказати що дяка вам ща переклад нашої історії на англійську, відео чудове
That reference to hej Sokoly at the beginning makes my cossack blood happy
hohol
Cossack history is so extraordinary.
My great grandfather was a Cossack that got deported to America. Long history of Cossack family.
Timothy Snyder also has an excellent series of books on European History, Bloodlands is about essentially Ukraine and it's relationships with Europe and Russia and the Mongol Empire. He is currently doing a series of lectures on Ukraine and up to lesson 22. An excellent intro is "Post Colonial Ukraine "
Number 23 is. Available
Timothy Snyder just gets paid by Ukraine to make up their history, the only recognized Historian is Paul Migocsi who wrote the book on Ukraine.
The only books you should be using as a reference is Paul Robert Mocosi from the University of Toronto, Snyder just uses word splicing to create this narrative that Ukraine existed in Polish Lithuanian commonwealth. Snyder is paid by Ukraine to rewrite the History of Ukraine. “Ukrainians Cossacks help lift the siege of Vienna in the 1683” all nonsense as the were the Zaporizhian Cossacks, word splicing again!
Kyiv was a small principality in the Commonwealth and never reached the Black Sea and never comprised of Galicia and Volhynia. The Tatars and Cossacks were regions not part of the Commonwealth.
Ukraine was only established in 1922 and before that it was Polish Lithuanian and then under The Russian Empire.
love the way of elaborating the true life of being a Cossack
I first learnt about the Cossacs through a Mumford & Sons song called 'Ditmas'. I absolutely loved the video featuring a Cossac warrior trying to tame a wild horse and then finally experience freedom.
Have always been interested in them since.
Totally recommend the song along with the music video. It's brilliant.
I love how diverse history that kings and general channel talk about . Highly enlightening. It just goes to show how cultural mixes happen with mix of words like Hetman etc . But nice to see Ukraine rich history discussed and polish -Lithuania rich history to
if one song, represents this era was this song:
th-cam.com/video/D109reAE7SY/w-d-xo.html
@@michaelsalmon9832 yes, one more thing ruzzians stole from us
Poland was the most mixed cultural, nationalitis at that time
The history of the people who always fight against overwhelming odds and emerge victorious.
Love the opening of the episode with Hej Sokoły. Excellent writing!
Just another great video, as always!
I have waited for a long time for this video, thank you.
Very happy to see the video about that part of my Motherland's history. Thanks
Awesome video! Thank you! Looking forward to the next one
This Ukrainian serie is so interesting, great job. And happy statehood day to all the Ukrainians, you couldn't choose a better day to release this video!
@@darkogabric1130 every country in the world then is a fake country. Even yours was made up at a certain point. Now Ukraine exists and kicks the ass of Russia
Yes!
Being American myself, I wasn't completely familiar with Ukrainian Origins.
I love this series and can't wait to see how it unfolds!
I was super glad to see a 2nd video in the series today. And that there will probably be more to come. 😁👍
I had to look up Statehood Day, proposed by President Zelensky, this is the first year it's a public holiday? That's pretty cool too. 👍
@@apexnext yes, it's the first time. The day was chosen because on the 28th of July 988AD the Kievan Rus officially converted to Christianity
@@apexnextIn Ukraine the date when word cossacs was born is 1556. When Dmytro Vyshnevecky has found first Sich. On Dniper iland Khortica. As castle in the border of Rzech Pospolita.
And the most famous hetman is Ivan Sirko. There are legends about him, he win all battles. He told to cossacs after i die, take my hand and use it as flag and you will win all battles. They did this).
Ukrainian folk musician instrument is bandura (very nice) and kobza. Both were used by cossacs.
It would be interesting if you would cover the Deluge, a turbulent time in Polish-Lithuanian history, tightly intertwined with Cossack Hetmanate.
Hmm I from Ukraine and haven't heard of it, I'll give it a try ;)
@@Andriy_Moskalenko When Poland, Russia, Tatars, Cossacks fought each other, changing alliances multiple times, with most of Poland being occupied at one point. It was a total mess
@@Maus_Indahaus
Very tight cover! I like!!
Yeah, and what happened to the animals when the ark was finally on solid ground
It's really fun that you are covering lesser known moments in history.
I hope some day you Will make a dedicated video about the rise of grand Dutcy of lithuania
We really don’t get much coverage, a pagan nation late into the Middle Ages is kinda nuts tho
Probably when Russians invade you. You will have preferential status on K&G.
Svidrigailo uprising!
I have never seen any video about this war. Would be cool
@Kings&Generals, wow, didn't really think you would make video about Cossack's era of Rus-Ukraine, thanks a lot
Fantastic contribution that adds massive new depth toone's reading of the ongoing Russian war of aggression against Ukraine. This clearly is not a new fight.
It's a 350 year old war between two nations that are complete opposites of each other.
Great work. I really enjoyed this documentary
That intro. That first 17 seconds. You saw an opportunity and you took it. And it worked wonderful. That was a pro level move. I love this channel
Awesome video as always!!
This one was really cool. Helps to understand the roots. Great work!!
Truely exellent. I love history delivered in this unique way. I'm looking forward to the next video.
An interesting thing, completly ommitted, was the fact that Khmielnitsky was meeting often with then Polish king (Vladislaus IV) in preparation for a war with Tatars and Turkey (which would be very beneficial for Cossacks, especially increasing their autonomy). Vladislaus was seen as friendly to Cossacks, but his plans for war were ultimately rejected by the parliament. There are sings that he was actually at least verbally supportive of the planned uprising - he publically told to Cossacks complaining about their rights "don't you have sabres at your side?" while the parliament was by far more oppressive ("you are like nails to be cut").
There is little historical evidence, but it could be that Khmenitsky hoped for support of Vladislaus IV of some sort. Khmelnitsky did allegedly have a royal banner and a sign of hetman office from king. Vladuslaus died however just as the uprising begun and had no chance to do anything.
I'm pretty sure Sienkiewicz made up "don't you have sabers at your belt".
But generally that was true
@@grzegorzbrzeczyszczykiewic1139 Nope, this comes from Władysław Czapliński "Władysław IV i jego czasy"
@@AlcaturMaethor ok good to know
Yep, King wanted to create alliance between Commonwealth and Russia and together destroy Crimea Khanate and later strike at Ottomans, but this plan failed miserably
@@grzegorzbrzeczyszczykiewic1139 I heard the story, that Chmielnicki's wife was kidnapped, and he went to the king for help, and the king told him "don't you have a saber yourself?"
I can not understate how much I want to see the next video on the history of Ukraine from you! Please continue making them!
Been waiting for this video for so long, good job!
Ukrainian Culture, origin and personalities are sooooo cool❤❤❤
Asked Been waiting for a Cossack video! Be awesome if you could do a series on them.
My grandma family were Cossacks!
💕
Thank you for this history. I am both ethnically Polish and Ruthenian (as well as Croat), and this is fascinating.
Thank you for this video!
Wonderful presentation and explanation. I knew none of this. Thank you!
As a Pole I would say Germans left their castle in Poland and Poland left in Ukraine .It is likely that there is more Polish castle in Ukraine than in Poland.I read that some of them were so rich that their revenue was relevant to year of annual the UK budget and more than Polish budget.
Didn’t know Poland was ever a rich country.
@@Konzor During 16th - early 17th centuries it was the largest exporter of grain in the world. It was very rich and powerful.
@@Konzor Especially on the east nobility had mercenaries counted in thousands like a private army with many castles.Poland declined due to deluge and looting of the Swedish army.Poland and Sweden were at constant war .Swedes didn't event look at Russia nothing to loot there .However history has changed first declined Poland after weakened Swedes were defeated by Russia and we had a birth of Russia Empire .Cossack believed that Swedes helped them with Russia ,however Sweeds were defeted after the battle of Poltava .As a trivia I want to mention that Sweeds even reached east France Alsace looted their castle in 30 year war .Poland was catholic and Sweden was protestant an excellent excuse to rob.
Fantastic video keep it up your doing amazing job
I've been waiting for a video like this for 2 years❤
Thank you for this video. Very good explained. Finally I can hear my history in English, for people all over the world.
This is the second video I've watched recently that talks about this era, though the other one continued into current time. Each provides info the other doesn't, making it worth watching both in their entirety. I'm nowhere near done learning about the region's history...I suppose I'd better visit the Internet Archive.
Anyway, you've made this interesting enough that I was sad it ended so soon. Of course I'm going to sub--I wouldn't want to miss the next one.
Can you post a link of other video? Kind regards.
Great video! Top content as always!
I would like mentioning of the fact that Cossacks also served as mercenaries in Thirty Years War. And many of these well armed and experienced veterans joined Khmelnitsky uprising in 1648.
Great examination of a fascinating and volatile region!
Awesome stuff, thank you!
Ivan IV did not found the tsardom of russia. He founded the tsardom of Musovy. It was only Peter I who renamed this tsardom into russia in 1721. Very important not to confuse this.
Incorrect. Ivan IV took the title "Tsar' vseia Rusi" = Tsar of all Russia. The word "Russia" is simply the Latin form of the Slavic "Rus' ". Before taking that title, the title of Ivan IV, like all his predecessors, was "Velikii Kniaz' Moskovskogo Gosudarstva" = Grand Prince of the Moscow State. "Moskovskoe Gosudarstvo" was the political title, but it was always considered to be a part of Rus, or Russia.
@@michaelmills5984 you can steal the names as much as you want, but Louis 14 will still name you as Moskovites, who had much more influence from Golden Horde and could name as successor of it
@@meflux495 The one thing you got historically correct is that the princes of Moscow claimed to be the successors to the Khans of Kipchak, and therefore had the right to rule the territory of what has incorrectly been called the "Golden Horde", a name never used by the Khans of Kipchak themselves. That claim was the justification for Ivan IV's conquest of the khanates of Kazan, astrakhan and Sibir.
However, your assertion that the Tsars of All Russia somehow :stole" the name "Russia" is complete nonsense. The Moscow region which was their original possession was initially part of the Principality of Vladimir-Suzdal, which had been a part of Kievan Rus. Accordingly, from the beginning of its existence Moscow was situated within the territory called Rus, of which Russia is the Latin form.
This video makes me interested in seeing a video on the Deluge as a whole.
guys really good job, so cool illustrations and so easy well told history details
wow , that was interesting! and ended on the intriguing part. can't wait to see next episode.
Was not expecting „Hey Sokoly“ in the opening, but ist is truly welcome :)
The reference in the beginning is beautiful!
That was interesting! Waiting for the next episode)
As a Pole, I appreciate different perspective. Feels like my history lessons a school were propaganda showing us as a good guys. There is much information here that was deliberetely not provided or altered to different narrative.
All problems and conflicts that existed between Poland and Ukraine are in the past now anyway. We will build a friendly and prosperous future between the two our nations. Thank you, Polish brothers :)
Tak jesteśmy dobrymi ludzmi, żyło u nas miliony Żydów, Rusinów i innych, jako naród jeden z nielicznych nie mieliśmy jednostek ss podczas wojny w przeciwieństwie do ukraińców, najwięcej sprawiedliwych wśród narodów świata, przyjęliśmy miliony ukraińców, dajemy im pracę inie tylko itd Dużo w tym filmie to manipulacja, rusini stanu wyzszego sami się polonizowali a jeśli ktoś gnębił tamtejsze chłopstwo to właśnie szlachta ruska, zresztą chłop polski miał równie przejeb..ane
Every state educates the children it possesses to make them loyal to the heirarchy and cause them to feel separate from the rest of humanity
There's actually a really nice Polish movie from the 90', "With Fire and Sword", well known both in Poland and in Ukraine (it depicts both quite nicely both sides of the 1648 civil war) that can be found on youtube with english subtitles:
th-cam.com/video/UME_FMc4_RI/w-d-xo.html
The quality isn't perfect, but I'm sure it can be found elswhere, too. For people from the "region" who at least hear the difference between the languages, it may be even more interesting as it's 50-50 in Polish and in Ukraininan and the changes of the language that the characters use add an extra layer to the movie, but the movie should be clear to anyone anyway.
It depicts Ukrainians nicely, but it is total parody of both Polish ducal courts and Polish military tactics.
Love that TV show
Great film...thankyou.
@@kefirmroku4494 It is a Polish movie however, and no it did not depict Ukrainians nicely either.
Mount & Blade: With fire and Sword is also a fun game set in this period
From Ivan the Fourth to Peter the Great, Russia was called Muscovy Московия) or the Kingdom of Moscow (Царство Московское), Tsar Peter introduced the name of "Russia" by his decree in 1721
True. Moscow Tsardom is the name
I think my dad's ancestors were Cossacks. Family comes from the neighborhood, loves horses, doesn't lock his door, black hair at 84.
sounds like a cossack
Such a great video! I definitely like it!
Great overview, thank you!
Love seeing Circassia on the maps
4:32. 1559 Year, it's too early to call Muscovy Russia.
Thank you for the work you do.
Another great video as always
you should do a video or two on the migration of the south and west slavs, there are a lot of historical sources with some really interesting stories.
I'm from Zaporizhzhya. Most of my relatives are from Zaporizhzhya or Dnipro. Although I have some polish, belarus and other roots I do believe I have some cossack blood as well.
Братику, тримайтеся там. Львів із вами! Ми вас не кинемо!
Zaporizhzhya це definitely Україна
Козацькому роду нема переводу! Я іноземець, але розмовляю вашою мовою, яка є справді дуже гарна мова. Вітання з США! Ви маєте сильна, неймовірна нація! Все буде Україна
@@Blastnikov Thanks. We rely on your country's help, if you can speak about Ukraine's needs in social media, do it. USA's help is different from Afghanistan, it really helps, but we need more. You can't imagine how it can help. By my understanding we lost 10000 military at least, and maybe same number or 2-3 times more of civillians. One dollar USA and EU spends on Ukraine's army will save you 10 dollars, which USA and EU will spent on refugees. Thank you!
The final artwork is magnificent
AMAZING !!! THANK YOU FOR THE GREAT LESSON OF HISTORY !!!
Have you thought of doing a series on the English civil wars at some point?
Yep, it is in the works
@@KingsandGenerals good to know 👍
@@KingsandGenerals please make a video on the Anglo-Zulu war.
I want to notice that Lithuania at the time was a bit like a joined state and not exactly abusive towards Ukrainians/Ruthenians to the extent later Poland was. It was called Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Ruthenia for some period. Finally Ruthenia dissapeared from titles after Lublin when Poland and Lithuania became the two main nations.
Religion was a major thing in determining identity back than. The catholics and the orthodox were not on a good terms and considered each other heretics. That's why the Ruthenians (predominantly orthodox) were oppressed in the PLC
Actually, one of the titles of the Grand Dukes of Lithuania was "King of Russia". The word "Ruthenia" did not appear in his title, at least not in the Lithuanian and Russian-language forms of that title.
@@michaelmills5984 😂
thank your for the content! excellent!
You were very bright and competent on this.
This felt like a Ukrainian Robin Hood story for the most part. Indebted nobles, defrocked priests, and restless peasants joining the Cossacks as a free-willed spirited nation-state against Polish oppression.
I wish they could release material and curriculum like that in history classes.
If you think Cossacks were the "good guys" there fighting for freedom against evil Commonwealth you are deeply mistaken. Nothing is ever black or white. Khmelnytsky rebelion led to subjugation of cossacks by Tsarist Russia. Result of that decision we can see even today... Video also didn't mention how brutal cossacks were and their list of inhumane tortures they implemented on innocent women and children.
@@patrickb1811 Robin Hood wasn't a "good guy" either. Early drafts of his story portrayed him more like a ruthless murderer, killing without distinction and taking the lost property for his own, than a heroic outlaw. His known characteristic to distribute the stolen goods to the poor and the needed was added much later in the contemporary era.
I get about the grey zone you want to show, but I am also interested how the Cossacks rose through history. I am not supporting a cause. Indeed, Cossacks were indeed ruthless in most of history. I did say, however, for the most part were valiant defenders against the Polish before Tsarist Russia absorbed them into their ranks.
Only this time Robin Hoods established a country and their descendants are guarding the gates of Europe today.
It should be noted that attempts were made to make the Cossacks a third partner in the union along the Polish crown and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania but as Ukraine was overtaken by Russia it didn't come to be.
Hetman Ivan Vygovsky who fought against muscovites (the next hetman after Khmel) turned to Poles to sign nice agreement to end conflict between us, but despite initial agreement being okayish (it was very good except that polish kings should have appointed next hetmans and that the hetman status should've been perpetuate. This two things were against cossack democratic traditions, it would've been better that we elect hetman and then king appoints him or refuses to do so), so, despite initial agreement being understandable, Polish Seym approved version without any autonomy (
We were only fighting muscovites
I suspect (and hope) it will be covered in a future video.
not was overtaken, they wanted to join grand duchy of Moscow after Chmielnicki who take offense at Polish crown and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, becouse of his personal enemy Daniel Czapliński and lack of protection/justice from Polish Crown; after his uprising he was afraid of his life so he convinced Cossaks that under protection of Moscow they are going to have better life... and now we know how it ended.....
Unpopular opinion but that is bullshit. Cossacks and Orthodoxy were strongly related to each other. A Cossack state under a catholic ruler was impossible. That’s why Khmelitkzky fought in the first place as he identified himself as the direct descent of orthodox Kiewan Rus.
Poles and Cossacks were archenemies during that time, there is no way of denying that.
@@KonzorWell, somehow Ukraine existed 200 years with this requirement.
Nicely presented
Excellent and educational. Thank you!
The game - Cossacks was in. Top 3 in the world in 2001-2005✊🏻
"We're an anarcho-syndicalist commune." -- Dennis, Monte Python and the Holy Grail
looking forward to new videos like this!
Thank you! Good job!
''Sacked Kaffa and freed all it's slaves''
Damn the Cossacks were kinda based
That should be a movie
you should mention that Jadwiga was not a Polish maiden-king by nationality, but maiden-king-elect, a daughter of the Hungarian king Robert of Anjou. He was a French, but also he was a descendant of the French Queen Anna, a daughter of the Yaroslav the Wise of Kyiv.
Jadwiga was the granddaughter of Charles I Robert of Hungary, not daughter, her father was Louis I of Hungary, who was also king of Poland simultaneously.
@@angusyang5917 yes, and he was of Anjou
@@angusyang5917 my mistake, I agree,but not 'tis not a focus of the topic
Absolutely love the reference to Moj Sokoły in the beginning 👏🏻
Thanks for the good video 👍🏻
K&G always seems to put a bit of emphasis on the catholic church and its "crimes" when the church is no more guilty than any other organization or religion.
I suppose the video is explaining briefly the points why Ruthanians were unhappy with the Polish government. There are many more explanations of how Cossacks appeared, what they did, how they ruled, what their problems were with Poles, Tatars, Moskovites, etc. It is a composite phenomenon that will require more time to explain than 20 min.
Just a smal note in Polish history Jadwiga is not queen she is titled king. I understand that in translation some meanings may be lost but in "polish" logic queen is strictly wife of king
Usually in English the distinction is made with Queen regnant (ruler in her own right) vs Queen consort (wife of king).
Beautiful representation of a complex history. 👏👏👏
Fantastic! Thank you!
Cossack are cowboy in the far eastern Europe except they used swords but less guns.
It's the wild west over two centuries before the wild west
Gun was the main weapon of majority of Zaporozhyan cossacks
Someone should've told Russia that these Ukrainians are unruly people, and therefore cannot be ruled. Their lands can be invaded but not their hearts. Great video!
Thus, the Ukrainian people always wanted to be independent, and other peoples always tried to conquer and subjugate it. The Russians especially tried to plant their language and culture to bring us together and make us one nation, but we have always been different.
man, your video is great!)
excellent work again !!!!