If you’d like to practise the material covered in this video, check out our platform at www.cognitoedu.org - it's totally free, and has been built to make learning and revision as easy as possible. The main features are: - Lessons organised by topic, only the lessons relevant to your specific exam board and tier are shown. - Automatic progress tracking. Progress bars tell you what you’re doing well at, and what you need to spend some time on. - Practise quizzes so you can test your knowledge. You can quiz yourself on any combination of topics you like. - A huge number of fully-hinted questions that take you step-by-step through some of the trickiest calculations & concepts. - A comprehensive bank of past exam papers, organised both by year, and also by topic. Amadeus & Tom
got my GCSEs in less than 2 weeks and I cannot stress enough how this channel is saving my science grade you are genuinely a true hero thank you so much for your hard work it really is appreciated!
@@michaltam6694right so . 4 marker I think I over thought it but idk .question 2 was okay .question 3 was also fine .But question 4 I think I was stressed cause of the time so I didn’t write that much .And question 5, the statement could’ve been better, smth other than cars tbh . Also tell me why the train was bullying everyone 💀💀
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this helped me clear all my doubts on condensation polymerisation!! thank you so much for your hard effort. i was wondering if you also made a video on making polyamides, I'm still confused about that part. thank you!!
thank you so much cognito you have really saved my grades , im more of a visual learner so by watching your videos it really helps me .By watching your videos and doing the interactive questions I have managed to pull myself from a grade 4 to a grade 8 , it couldn't have been done without these videos and the new website.Thank you very much. to all those that are reading this comment don't give up and remember slow and steady wins the race.🥰
the acid and the alcohol both have hydroxyl groups (-OH), but the process works a bit differently. The acid usually donates its hydroxyl group because the reaction between the carboxyl group of the acid and the hydroxyl group of the alcohol forms a water molecule and a bond, creating the polymer chain. The alcohol’s hydroxyl group is involved in forming the ester linkage, but it’s the acid’s hydroxyl group that typically gets released as water in the process. This step helps drive the reaction forward, leading to the formation of the polymer.
because theres a double condensation meaning 2 water molecules are produced, the first one when the first pair of OH (from the dicarboxylic acid) and H (from the diol) leave their structures and the second when the same thing happens with the pairs of the other end of each structure
two water molecules are produced per repeating unit because each ester bond formation involves a hydroxyl group (-OH) from the acid and a hydrogen atom (H) from the alcohol. When these combine to form the ester linkage, a molecule of water (H₂O) is released. Since each repeating unit in the polymer chain involves two ester bonds (one from each end of the unit), a total of two water molecules are produced for every repeating unit added to the chain. This is why you see two water molecules released per repeating unit in the polymerization process.
Nice video but why is another water molecule lost when drawing the repeating unit? Is one water molecule lost when the two monomers combine, then another when another ester joins?
Hi, so tor from the repeating unit, one H2O is lost from the ester bond in the middle, but then another H2O is effectively lost from the 2 ends, in preparation for the formation of new ester bonds at either end. It's a bit weird because it's not really an equation for a single reaction, but a summary of all the condensation reactions. Hope that helps :)
Hey, thanks for the great explanation. Though I don't understand why those 2 prerequisites you mentioned are required for a polycondensation reaction, and I can't even find any info on that elsewhere.
If you’d like to practise the material covered in this video, check out our platform at www.cognitoedu.org - it's totally free, and has been built to make learning and revision as easy as possible. The main features are:
- Lessons organised by topic, only the lessons relevant to your specific exam board and tier are shown.
- Automatic progress tracking. Progress bars tell you what you’re doing well at, and what you need to spend some time on.
- Practise quizzes so you can test your knowledge. You can quiz yourself on any combination of topics you like.
- A huge number of fully-hinted questions that take you step-by-step through some of the trickiest calculations & concepts.
- A comprehensive bank of past exam papers, organised both by year, and also by topic.
Amadeus & Tom
I believe there is an error on the condensation polymer at around 3 minutes there is a missing oxygen bond on the c in the final polymer
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same
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Mai buhat xyada Bura hon
Sorry I ruined your perfect 300 likes but couldn't resist myself agreeing 🙌
This channel is VERY UNDERRATED! It needs MORE ATTENTION!
he got 100k subs lol, wats definition of attention?
hey fellow comrade
@@haideryousaf101 he said the channel NEEDS more attention 🤦♂️
@@ryze5436 thats what i said it got 100k subs yo what other attention is needed? views i guess right
No one cares about how much subs u got
Learned more in 5 minutes than my 2 years of chem GCSE lmao. Cheers.
got my GCSEs in less than 2 weeks and I cannot stress enough how this channel is saving my science grade you are genuinely a true hero thank you so much for your hard work it really is appreciated!
How’d they go?
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I understand this much better here 🙌
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I finally understand ..and it’s one day before my exam …
Me too. Good luck tomorrow! Also, how did you find English Language Paper 2? Everyone has such different opinions on how it went...
@@michaltam6694right so . 4 marker I think I over thought it but idk .question 2 was okay .question 3 was also fine .But question 4 I think I was stressed cause of the time so I didn’t write that much .And question 5, the statement could’ve been better, smth other than cars tbh .
Also tell me why the train was bullying everyone 💀💀
@@michaltam6694 how did u find it ?!
@@michaltam6694 also GOODLUCK tmr chem .i wanna do it for a level so let’s hope I get above a 7 !!!!🤞🤞🤞
@@arielle2764 Frrr did I spend 5 yrs suffering thru English jus to be asked about public transport smh. Longest day, exam was tight for timing tho. Good luck for tmr too I'm jus binging cognito icl.
I love the presentation of your videos so much!
Fr my brain loves it lol
This channel alone helped me throughout my o'levels exams.
Chemistry, physics, biology, you name it. This channel has it all. I'm glad that I found this channel
It hasn't been o levels in 37 years
Typical Sri Lankan shit fr bruv. GCSE is easier than the shit we are doing called OL 😪.
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I swear I hate chemistry so much.
I agree 😢
😅😅😅 bruh feel ur pain
Yup got my chemistry gcse tomorrow,feeling the same rn.
Try biology and then you'll cry
@@commandmax3931bio paper was easy , but kinda afraid of tomorrow chemistry paper
Great video to simplify a topic that seems difficult.
what a fantastic illustration of the polymerization process! much appreciated for the insights.
Best learning channel on TH-cam.
the only places that i actually understand from :)
this helped me clear all my doubts on condensation polymerisation!! thank you so much for your hard effort. i was wondering if you also made a video on making polyamides, I'm still confused about that part. thank you!!
This YT channel is very underrated, THis maybe be my key to chemistry success in IGCSE
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igcse chem paper 4 in 2 hours and i finally understand this 😭
مبروك 🙂
thank you so much cognito you have really saved my grades , im more of a visual learner so by watching your videos it really helps me .By watching your videos and doing the interactive questions I have managed to pull myself from a grade 4 to a grade 8 , it couldn't have been done without these videos and the new website.Thank you very much.
to all those that are reading this comment don't give up and remember slow and steady wins the race.🥰
Thank you so much aqsa khan, that's really incredible and we're so glad we've been able to support your progress 😊
thank you soo much, I was so confused before watching the video but you made it so much easier to understand.
Watching this at 11 pm night before chemistry paper 2 gcse 😅
literally same
fr me too
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Absolute legend
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This is helpful.thanks
I cannot express how much I love you for making these videos. Thank you
I have tried a lot of channel on this topic, but this one is defiantly by far the best one I have tried
Why do we need 2 functional grps?
Love your lessons cognito❤
I hate this topic soo much. But u made me to hate it less
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Thank you so much
watching this on the morning of the gcse idk WHAT ill do if i fail
how much did u get?
I finally understood this topic
Thank you so much ❤
simply extraordinary
I love chemistry❤
Thanks that was pretty cool
why does the acid not the alcohol give out the hydrogen
why does the acid give up its hydroxide ion instead of the alcohol even though both of them have hydroxide ions?
Good question
Because ethanol will change if it gives up its OH
the acid and the alcohol both have hydroxyl groups (-OH), but the process works a bit differently. The acid usually donates its hydroxyl group because the reaction between the carboxyl group of the acid and the hydroxyl group of the alcohol forms a water molecule and a bond, creating the polymer chain. The alcohol’s hydroxyl group is involved in forming the ester linkage, but it’s the acid’s hydroxyl group that typically gets released as water in the process. This step helps drive the reaction forward, leading to the formation of the polymer.
I'm so curious why 2H₂O Molecules are produced per repeating unit...?
because theres a double condensation meaning 2 water molecules are produced, the first one when the first pair of OH (from the dicarboxylic acid) and H (from the diol) leave their structures and the second when the same thing happens with the pairs of the other end of each structure
two water molecules are produced per repeating unit because each ester bond formation involves a hydroxyl group (-OH) from the acid and a hydrogen atom (H) from the alcohol. When these combine to form the ester linkage, a molecule of water (H₂O) is released. Since each repeating unit in the polymer chain involves two ester bonds (one from each end of the unit), a total of two water molecules are produced for every repeating unit added to the chain. This is why you see two water molecules released per repeating unit in the polymerization process.
ooo this is very helpful,thank u very much.
Cognito is a confirm legend
why is this topic so difficult ahaha, thank you
merci beaucoup monsier♥️
Great video . Thanks
I didn't two water molecules removal step
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Why aren't you posting videos for a long time???U make good videos & they r much informative... Keep it up
he is currently in the process of looking for A-Level qualified tutors to expand these videos up to A-Level!
Is this suitable for dse takers as well🤔
Squeaky clean delivery
Very helpful
Have you done the video of additional polymers?
We have! It should come up if you search ‘addition polymers cognito’
Ok thanks
Nice video but why is another water molecule lost when drawing the repeating unit? Is one water molecule lost when the two monomers combine, then another when another ester joins?
Hi, so tor from the repeating unit, one H2O is lost from the ester bond in the middle, but then another H2O is effectively lost from the 2 ends, in preparation for the formation of new ester bonds at either end. It's a bit weird because it's not really an equation for a single reaction, but a summary of all the condensation reactions. Hope that helps :)
@@Cognitoedu Oh that makes sense now, as the H from the diol and the OH from the carboxyl make up a second water molecule. Thank you!
Exactly!
Can u pls tell me whether all condensation polymers are copolymer??
I swear my teacher was stoned when explaining 😓. Thanks g
I subscribed!! epic vdeo
Best vid ever!
Helped out a lot!
i love yall
Freesciencelessons?? pfffft I watch cognito mate
Hey, thanks for the great explanation. Though I don't understand why those 2 prerequisites you mentioned are required for a polycondensation reaction, and I can't even find any info on that elsewhere.
i love ur channel so much, it has everything I need to know, can u reply to me
11pm night before paper2 so failing
dw we fail together
1 and a half hours to go 😭
Best explanation!!!!
Big up I still don’t understand
You sen
PLEASE HELP - how do you know/work out what the product is?
the product is a polyester
and water
@@maximusekon146
i just realized the diol one is (OH-) not (OH-C-C-) as stated in the video
is this for aqa triple ?
It's for any gcse exam board
MAKESSS SENSEE
luv it
thanx cognito i looovveee studying here
u sound like matty healy
Im cooked
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Polyester are biodegradable? Some studies show that they are not. (Could you clear that for me)
Some are biodegradable these are known as biopolyesters
I’m in class😂😂
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que delícia de vídeo thank you so much
imma fail
I hate this topic sm
Thank you
Thank you