I love your videos! You really break chemistry and these fundamental concepts down in a magical way! I’m wondering if you could explain what “charge” is? For some reason I just don’t quite understand what it is…
Good question (and sorry for the delay). Charge is like mass in that it is a fundamental property of matter, which is another way of saying that we can't break it down into anything simpler. Things are either positive or negative or neutral (usually because the number of + and - cancel out). The fundamental charge carriers are protons (+) and electrons (-) and being so small it's hard to isolate them. But we can observe the EFFECTS of charge and impute its existence through some simple observations (1) opposite charges attract (2) like charges repel (3) the electric forces increase as the separation distance decreases and (4) electric forces increase with the amount of charge (or number of protons or electrons). I hope this helps.
I'm beginning to "get it" after failing general Chem in H.S. but went on to medical school and never understood College general chem semesters, and organic chemistry was incomprehensible. Your video has been sensational and coherent, for which I thank you.
You can only do this for the hydrogen atom, using E = -E0/n2, where E0 = 13.6 eV (1 eV = 1.602×10-19 Joules). All subshells are degenerate, that is have the same energy level values. Other atoms are complicated by having many protons, and electrons that shield the outer electrons, lowering their energy values The Schrodinger equation cannot be solved for them.
There is something that I can never come to grips with. Each element is differentiated by the number of protons, but all protons are the same. Why does the addition of protons, ie the same building blocks, make for different elements?
Hi Ray. Increasing the number of protons increases the overall charge on the atom's nucleus, so it pulls on its electrons more tightly. This consistently changes how it behaves and therefore what element it is. For a given Period (Row) all metals have relatively few protons thus allowing the electrons to be mobile, and thus conduct electricity specific to their own atomic number. Also the number of electrons is the same in a neutral atom, and that affects chemical behaviour, too, especially the number of outer electrons. This is despite all electrons being the same.
this doesn't happen often but i have to give you anbig hug. i actually understand this stuff from your video. your the best
Wow! Hug accepted. Thanks.
Sorry for the late reply. Thanks for your rare hug ... much appreciated.
Wow! I'm sharing this with my college learning center as a resource! Perfect explanation.
What great feedback! Thanks.
P.S. Just to let you know that the video is back up publicly now ... it was down for a while sorting out a copyright issue. It's sorted now.
Your teaching style is excellent.
The way you presented the various atomic concepts is the best I've seen.
Thank you, Rossini!
Keep on uploading regular videos
Thanks for your encouragement, Tarit!
Perfect video for my young genius; my six year old son really gets off on this stuff 😊
Thanks. I am back in town so hope to keep uploading more.
Fabulous, keep up the good work.
I love your videos! You really break chemistry and these fundamental concepts down in a magical way!
I’m wondering if you could explain what “charge” is? For some reason I just don’t quite understand what it is…
Good question (and sorry for the delay). Charge is like mass in that it is a fundamental property of matter, which is another way of saying that we can't break it down into anything simpler. Things are either positive or negative or neutral (usually because the number of + and - cancel out). The fundamental charge carriers are protons (+) and electrons (-) and being so small it's hard to isolate them. But we can observe the EFFECTS of charge and impute its existence through some simple observations (1) opposite charges attract (2) like charges repel (3) the electric forces increase as the separation distance decreases and (4) electric forces increase with the amount of charge (or number of protons or electrons). I hope this helps.
Thank you so much for such a clear and concise explanation that was so helpful. Loved the animations!
Thanks for your support, Kunashni!
I learned way more than I had known before
Thank you ever so much
v pleased to hear that!
That's great to hear!
I'm beginning to "get it" after failing general Chem in H.S. but went on to medical school and never understood College general chem semesters, and organic chemistry was incomprehensible. Your video has been sensational and coherent, for which I thank you.
Thank you, Greg. Chemistry should be taught more straight-forwardly. The concepts are often much simpler than they are usually conveyed.
This is brilliant, thank you very much!
Great to hear, Thanks.
how calculate how much energy in units of electrinvolts [eV] each shell (1 to 7) and each subshell (s, p, d, f) has?
You can only do this for the hydrogen atom, using E = -E0/n2, where E0 = 13.6 eV (1 eV = 1.602×10-19 Joules). All subshells are degenerate, that is have the same energy level values.
Other atoms are complicated by having many protons, and electrons that shield the outer electrons, lowering their energy values The Schrodinger equation cannot be solved for them.
Thank you
... Why can't the energy of each element be calculated by using its atomic mass in E=mc^2 ?
Best video
Sorry for the late reply. Thank you!!!
There is something that I can never come to grips with. Each element is differentiated by the number of protons, but all protons are the same. Why does the addition of protons, ie the same building blocks, make for different elements?
Hi Ray. Increasing the number of protons increases the overall charge on the atom's nucleus, so it pulls on its electrons more tightly. This consistently changes how it behaves and therefore what element it is. For a given Period (Row) all metals have relatively few protons thus allowing the electrons to be mobile, and thus conduct electricity specific to their own atomic number.
Also the number of electrons is the same in a neutral atom, and that affects chemical behaviour, too, especially the number of outer electrons. This is despite all electrons being the same.
Thank you for your response. Sometimes the simplest explanations are the best. Much appreciated. I stumbled across your channel and am so happy I did.
How I count proton number ? If there is 4 or 5 shell observed then what will atomic number?I observed without any instrument.
amazing