Hypatia of Alexandria: Christians vs. Pagans | Roman History | Part 2 | Extra History
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 31 พ.ค. 2024
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As pagans barricade the ancient temple, defending it with stones and clubs, tensions rise. The conflict began when Bishop Theophilus exposed a secret pagan temple, inciting fury among the pagans who retaliated by taking Christian hostages. As violence escalates, a message from Theophilus offers a deal-surrender and be pardoned or face execution. The pagans capitulate, but the Serapeum's destruction follows.
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Part 4 - Release Date:6/15
Series Wrap-up & Recommended Reading / Lies Episode - Release Date: 6/29
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HUGE fan of your work guys! Always look forward to it! A great way to start the month😊😊😊😊❤❤❤
A new video to kick off the month AND the summer season is amazing. Great timing! ❤️😄
Math’s are mathematically
Huge fan I love learning about this little known period of Roman history. 😊❤❤❤🎉🎉🥳
You should do a video on Saint Hildegard von Bingen.
Hypatia would be a great person to sit down and drink some tea.
I agree that would be amazing!
Uncle Iroh goals.
or a milkshake
Moral Philosophy Professor: Are you Hypatia of Alexandria?
Hypatia : Yup. How's it hangin'?
For sure, she has some serious tea.
This is why I like this channel. I get to learn new and amazing things that even as a history buff I have never learned. This is how I relax with high school finals coming up. Thank you Matt and the extra history team!
NIce! We love hearing that you relax with our content!
Extra History: People Aren't Monoliths.
Arthur C. Clarke: Are you sure about that
Explain? I'm not too familiar with Clarke
@@campfire_cat Arthur C. Clarke wrote the novel 2001: A Space Odyssey. The image seen in this video came from the movie based on that novel.
SEELE monoliths: *ambient foreboding sounds
@darreljones8645 oh I didn't realize that was him. Thank you for clearing that up
@@paleoph6168 Instrumentality, things of that nature.
I feel the need to make a very important specification: it is no coincidence that Platonism and Neo-Platonism had a philosophical basis similar to and parallel of Christianity: Christians philosophy was an adaption of Platonism and Stoics ideals, which were being studied and made to fit with the message of Jesus from the earliest days of christianity, because hellenistic converts worked strenuously to adapt ancient Philosophy to the revelation, under the assumption that, classic Philosophy being truthful, had to come from divine revelation and wasn't at odd with the message of Jesus. It is no accident that from Alexandria, many heresies were born, from Gnosticism and Arianism, because many interpretations were brought forth on how to harmonise paganism Philosophy with the teachings of christianity, many of them in conflict with one another.
I would like to add that this isn’t a secret. Church fathers would overtly reference pre Christian philosophy. Many were Greeks or or least hellenised and didn’t stop being hellens when they became Christians
@@savabout6487Only hellens-polytheists can be Hellenes, Christians cannot.
Some argue thou that it was actually the other way around - that is that Neo-Platonism was and attempt to marry Christian ideas with Greek pagan philosophy. In other words one could name a Neo-Platonism a Greek Pagan reaction to the Christianity, that's why Neo-Platonism bares so many similarities with Christianity. There is no accident that Plotinus and Origen had the same teacher for example.
Whatever the reality was (which was probably more complex - ideas are not monoliths either :) it is fascinating to follow and compare all of those different traditions, and it is worth to remember that none of it developed in a vacuum.
Yup, it's no coincidence the gospels were written in Greek and the disciples had traveled to Greece from the very beginning. This stuff is taught in the Catholic catechism lectures, if you were paying attention as a kid 😅
Minor point, while some Christians viewed the body as sinful and the soul as good that was not universal and was a major point of contention and would eventually be seen as heretical and rejected my the mainline Christian church. There’s a bunch of theological reasons why but they boil down to if the body is sinful then Jesus would have sinned by merely having a body. You had some groups that agreed and claimed he didn’t have a physical body and the main Christian church which claimed he did and as such the physical world, while corrupted by sin, was not inherently sinful. You can see some of that drama in the Apostles’ Creed, it’s why “we believe in the resurrection of the body” is in it.
As well as the Nicene Creed "we believe in God, the father almighty, maker of heaven and earth and of all things visible and invisible" which is a very specific condemnation of the gnostics.
Yeah gnostics and later the Cathars believed that the mortal body was evil
@thomasturton1118 good god 😮
Is so rare that Hypatia gets mentioned. I think the last time I heard about her was Carl Sagan in original cosmos. She has always fascinated me as a historical figure. It’s a shame so much of what she wrote and taught was lost to a Christian mob
There was a movie in 2009, Agora
There's a movie (over dramatic), a Ted talk, a ted video, and had someone play as her on the Good Place.
@@tecpaocelotl Lisa Kudrow a.k.a Phoebe from friends
Wasn’t she in The Good Place?
No, it’s not.
This is the same Cyril from the early Christian schisms videos right? It is fun to see how stories from history influenced and interact with each other.
FINALLY HYPATIA PART 2!!!!
As a Christian, it always makes me sad when I hear about our history of persecuting Pagans. Think of all the wonderful, beautiful cultures that might still be alive today if folks had thought that, “Hey, maybe our God who values love above all else _wouldn’t_ want us to do a genocide?”
Agree with you, I myself am a Norse/Germanic Pagan by the way.
I believe that all faiths could learn a lot from each other to become better.
Amen
The thing is, folks did think that. The problem is that if they don't convert peacefully, the radical bishops and devout military leaders start getting that urge to "holy" war. And of course, if they do convert, well, now you obviously need to assert your authority as the supreme Christian ruler in the area, thereby destroying many aspects of the culture that might have otherwise survived conversion. None of which usually has much to do with Brother John over there, who wanted to preach love and brotherhood and teach the smart kids in the village how to read.
Actually, I am reminded of a small group of missionaries to Iceland that included a convert from Sweden, I think. The pagans in Iceland weren't too impressed by the priests, but the young convert, who was a terrible example of Christianity, according to the monks, impressed everyone by drinking too much and fighting people about religious matters. Some people actually converted because he had convinced them that it was possible to be a Christian and still be manly warrior. But that's an example of the least harmful religious violence I know of.
I like you, you're one of the good ones. Never change.
The worse thing is that that persecution was a sudden change in course that has managed to survive to this day, despite the core tenet of the religion.
The channel Today I Found Out has just released (well, yesterday released) a video on the rise of christianity, and hearing how things were before Constantine makes you wonder how episodes like this become the norm so quickly.
Hypatia joining in on the sponsorship?! HECK YEAH
Zoey dabbing👌
It’s great that this female historical scientist is getting some spotlight
what i love ab you guys is how you can tell a story ab an imdividual in a way that teaches/contextualises ab the era they existed in
Thank you for going in-depth on Hypatia's era and life. We really need people like her now an days.
This series is great. Hypatia is a fascinating character from a fascinating time. You guys giving her and the time she lived in such a nuamced take is amazing.
a new part this quick? nice!
also LOVE the artstyle
Thank you! Nick DeWitt is an amazing artist!
@@extrahistory very welcome!
and agreed, i like how its kinda complex yet simple in a way!
Oooohhh! Now I get why Brandon Sanderson's cosmere magic system is very much inspired by platonism!
Thanks For teaching us with these amazing videos! Love your work 🎉🎉🎉🎉🎉
Hypatia was trying so hard to not have enemies
Unfortunately, extremists need to have enemies
Vinland Saga looking ahh
You guys always make My saturdays better With these! Thanks! Hearth please ❤❤❤❤❤
I love this series on Hypatia so much! I hope and would love to see more series on historical women intellectuals - like Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz!
Or Émilie du Châtelet! Most of the time if anyone knows her they know her because of her relationship with Voltaire. But she was much better at science than him, and he tried to be a scientist!
I really really love this channel it's like it's like I'm learning history and I need to watch it every day
Always a good day when EH uploads
Good series keep it up 😊🎉🎉❤ I love learning about this little known period in Roman history!
This is gonna be a good series, I can tell already. [Grabs popcorn and soda]
I'm glad for this unbiased and balanced account into the fragmented political and religious history of the period, instead of making her a one dimensional "martyr for paganism" agains a mob of sectarian zealots
“People aren’t monoliths” should be written in big bold capital letters in every history classroom
Thank you so much for the “People aren’t monoliths” disclaimer.
Around 5:40
The mainstream belief among Christians for the body is that it is holy as well as the soul/spirit. Provided that our sinful selves is the one living in this world, we have bodies - early Christians believe that when we are resurrected, it would be of body and soul.
The dichotomy of spiritual good and material evil is a gnostic notion, considered heresy by orthodox christians even during that time.
People. Aren't. Monoliths.
Ok
Sure
@@口xygen hi oxygen
And the Moai on Easter Island?
@@magicquill1116 🗿🗿🗿
So here for this series
Love this video and love what you guys do but I actually have a question a lot of this video is focusing on the city life of Alexandria which I think is great don't get me wrong but I was wondering on a hypatia what are the sources that exist on her you mentioned the seven letters in the previous episode are there any other primary sources or sources that reference primary sources how well and extensively documented is her life before her murder. PS I love that were connecting the Christian schism with this one
Good series keep it up 😊🎉🎉
Thank you
It's cool that I don't have money for Brilliant becuase I'm unemployed, but when I get a job I won't have time for it.
YESSS IVE BEEN WAITING!
Another GREAT VIDEO!!! LOVE IT!!! ⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️
Thank you for the video.
Thank you for covering lesser known things, like every other channel covers the exact same things so I’m bored having no new history videis to watch
The song "Kyserion" by Ghost is the second mention of Hypatia I've heard in the past week.
Cool
Please do the Greek war of independence of 1821 against the ottoman empire next
I've been asking for this since the first episodes of the sengoku Jidai!!
VERY appreciated the multiple nuances, guys.
EDIT: many are pointing out yet another episode of inexact takes about body and soul. Oh well.
You really don't care, do you?
People aren't monoliths is so funny to me but it pains me to say that this is a phrase that *really* needs to be reinforced nowadays :/
This one was really interesting 🤔
The people aren't Monoliths joke was unnecessary, but other than that a very good video. The shifting political and religious scene in Alexandria at the end of the Roman era is something that I never knew about, and now must know more about because it sounds super interesting
There is a movie about this
Agora (2009)
Nice
I love your videos
Hi from chile
Thank you for providing a reaction image to regular internet discourse. "People aren't monoliths!"
You guys really should consider doing a European history series on Poland. it could be about the period of history in-between the formation and partitions of the commonwealth or in-between the initial formation of the Kingdom of Poland to the formation of the commonwealth
hey Extra History, I was thinking you guys can check out the game Guts and Blackpowder? It does good research of the Napoleonic Wars while adding a twist to it
What was Hypatia's relationship with the Jewish community of Alexandria like?
As they said, she taught all people equally
PANR has tuned in.
Can you make a video about Queen hpsueate of Egypt pls
Now Might be a good time to remind us all that… 3:03 !
Hypatia of Alexandria
It makes me wonder if Ghost's song 'Kaisarion' will get mentioned at the end of this series, should they discuss modern interpretations of this tragic set of events. Part of the song is about what happened to Hypatia, after all (heck, her name is sung throughout the chorus), and it takes several jabs at some of the hypocrisy one may see within the Christian hierarchy.
Please do Kenyan 🇰🇪 history
Ooh
Is that the same Cyril mentioned in your series on Early Christian Schisms?
Cyril "the ninja" has arrived.
can you please number the parts it will be easyer for every one
A just love history
Hey
Hello!
Taaaaaaaaa….
Taaaaaaaaa….
Taaaaaaaaa….
TATAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA….
My main issue with post-Nicene mainstream Christianity is the spike in antisemitism. Not saying it didn’t exist while the community was still in hiding from persecutions (I think it actually existed as far back as Ignatius and Justin Matyr?), but once it became Rome’s state religion it got MUCH worse for both the Jewish people and the Christians who didn’t believe in the decided-on doctrine.
Keep in mind that the Jewish people were Jesus’ people and a lot of the earliest Christians (such as Paul) were practicing religious Jews. You can probably imagine what they’d think about that…
More Genshin lore for Scaramouche's greatest simp.
Yeah, neither side is entirely virtuous, even with the Christians today. Can't have an all-loving God with discrimination against many minorities.
Today’s my B-Day, guys!
Happy birthday 🎂 🥳 🎉
Happy Birthday
You guys know how to satisfy my need for nuance.
AD*
Is Cyril of Alexandria, the same man from the Early Christian Schisms Ep. 4?
Indeed he is
@@robowisanveithasung6022 How do you know?
Never thought that Saint Cyril was a nepo-baby, makes me question more about his sainthood regardless of his stance on the Councils that divided the church.
Read a book by a priest once who said, "St Cyril was right but repugnant." He's a saint because he taught doctrine clearly and thus built the faith of many. Zeal was highly regarded in those days, and he had it. They didn't yet have the concept of 'going too far' as we now know it.
Extra History: People aren't Monoliths
*Sad Techpriest noises
Welp time to convert to Mekhane
Sounds like the force to me.
Nice my name is Theophilus too so that is cool
Aint no way
People aren’t monoliths, but if they won’t deal with the bad people in their group I’m gonna paint them with a broad brush.
Hmmmmm not sure I agree with your statement. What exactly are Palestinians supposed to do about Hamas?? Same for all of us. Other than voting which only has limited value due to gerrymandering, what are we supposed to do? Become assassin's!? I go out every day and try to make the world a better place through my interactions with people but other than that I have zero power to fundamentally change the structure of society and the systems that maintain them.
@@mellie4174 it’s simple really, if you want things to change there is only one affective way to do it, fight. Nothing in life is handed to you, you have to actually do the hard work to get it done. Just voting accomplishes next to nothing. If it’s not worth fighting for then you don’t think it’s all that important.
Nobody is telling you to forgive immoral acts. They are telling you to understand people are complicated and stereotypes do not help us uncover the truth.
@@rick7424 no one’s talking about stereotypes. It’s more like when I was in the military and one person fucked up so we all got punished for it.
As a member of the monolith community, I find that statement of "people aren't monoliths" very dehumanizing. Next you'll tell us that "monoliths aren't people" with all the devastating consequences that sort of discourse brings on my people. Monolithic Lives Matter
5:20 I mean, to me it looks like Budism. atleast broad strokes
I might be biased as an evangelical Christian but the sources do not support your description of Cyril's involvement in the murder of Hypatia. Mob's are an interesting topic. I believe that your assertion that people are not a monolith is true and useful, however is a mob a monolith. Is it reasonable? And to place the responsibility on a single person, that seems a bit more than reason would warrant.
Unless there are better sources I am unaware of, The historicity does not seem to hold Cyril responsible for the death of Hypatia. Again, things might have changed in the last few years, but if they have, I wonder why that is now the view if no primary or secondary sources state that.
Let's wait for the 'Lies' episode at the end of the series! They often address contested perspectives there, and hopefully will do it for this case.
Unfortunately, Christianity promotes the idea that ONLY Jesus is the path to salvation thus declaring all other faiths/viewpoints as inferior and "wrong ". This promotes the fanaticism that led to not just the murder of Hypatia ,but also the killing of Joan of arc and the ridiculous witch hunt laws .
Was that 'some local Bishops used his legal codes to go after Pagan populations "and sack religious structures" ' (as CC shows), or "... and sacrilegious structures" ?
Again that why the Nestorians dislike him the tactics he used in alexdriana was exported to inter church relations
3:04 YEEEEEEEEIISSSSSSRR
Don't take this the wrong way but 3:03 in i thought he was gotta say people are assholes not people aren't monoliths 😂😂
Early Christians were like pacifist Buddhist monks and it only took like a 100 years for them to become violent. Which speaks more to the inherent nature of humans than to any religion.
Part of the sad context is basically the religious matters could get to the point of gang wars deciding who was going to be crushed or not. Not saying good, just reality if the time.
What happened to the Egyptian religion?
Christianity, it wiped out most ancient culture across Europe, Africa and west asia and later the americas.
We're extremely lucky the late medieval Christians warmed up to what Classical writings survived the Early Christian book burnings, school closing and philosopher murders
Same what happened to Jews. Romans invaded. Any chances of Egypt surviving ended with Cleopatra dying, much like Jews were exiled from siege of Jerusalem in 1st AD until 1960s, yes, for 1800 years. But let's blame the JOOS instead of (then pagan) fascists from Europe doing colonization.
Egypt got thoroughly hellenised, and later romanised. Most of egyptian gods got syncretised into roman pantheon. Then came christianity, and emperor Theodosius, banned all the "pagan" cults.
@@jarekwrzosek2048 Syncretism was a key feature of Egyptian religion, even before Greek outposts like Neukratis in the New Kingdom Egypt was used to mixing and matching gods. By the Hellenistic Ptolemaic dynasty Egypt-Greek mixed religion already existed, and the Romans just carried that on. Isis with infant Horus and husband Osiris (usually in Serapis form, so Osiris + Apis Bull) had mystery cults across the Mediterranean and even as far as Britannia.
Syncretism did them just fine, Cleopatra was still building new Egyptian style temples and the Romans seemed to keep up the renovations. Until their emperors banned all religions apart from the one that talked about being peaceful while using lynch mobs to burn temples, schools, books and philosophers
@@Rynewulf Crazy how you fail to mention that the pagans were burning them alive, feeding them to beast in the local arenas, crucifying them, there were whole new torture methods that were invented just to kill Christians, one involved chopping off inch by inch their hand, starting with their fingers and goings all the way until they just died due to bloodlost or renounced their faith. Despite heavy pressure from the pagan government and having to have worship in secret to prevent being arrested and killed they grew across the Mediterranean because of their charity but more importantly their strong faith the martyrs and their conviction of belief is what led to so many converting. I'm not saying Christians didn't pay the Pagans back in blood, but compared to the brutality they received I would hardly call it anything of note it was simply reprisals, and i'm not speaking of the morality of it but just stating it as is. Stop acting as if it was solely Christians who did any wrong or evil.
St. Cyril is crazy
You will be shocked at how many crazy people become "Saints" in Cristian
Sadely much of what is being indicated in the video is false and ill provide sources from the time/period, since i find it saddening this video is pushing myths and lies about this.
Then they begin to paint Saint Cyril as a violent power hungry man who used mass violence and murder to get his ways and these are once again not true and in some situations lack context. For the brief segments on violence against Jews, is once again not accurate, what had occurred was Saint Cyril used a mob of Christians the drive the Jews out of Alexandria. And of course upon reading this, this sounds evil but the reason this occurred is at the time Jews had been killing Christians within Alexandria. So it was for the safety, and to prevent further murder of Christians, he wasn't just doing it because he hated the Jews.
And the hint that he ordered the death of Hypatia, is again another myth. We see this in records that have survived such as Socrates, who didn't even lay blame on Saint Cyril upon her brutal murder. According to Socrates, Saint Cyril wasnt even there when it had happened. The only person to ever accuse him of such comes from Damascius, who was born much later in the year 462 and was known to be a hater of Christians so he isn't a reliable source unlike Socrates.
Saint Cyril was not a violent and power hungry man and I find it saddening and maddening that this myth is still being pushed where it has no ground in truth.
The one thing that is true thought is that Hypatia was tragically murdered at the hand of Christian Zealots, and we know the ring leader who was a lector by the name of Peter. And from what i have found her death wasn't because she was Pagan, it was mainly political since she was viewed as the only thing keeping reconciliation between the prelate of Alexandria and the Patriarch Saint Cyril. Still tragic and terrible no matter what but this event seems to often be painted as religion trying to destroy science when this wasn't the case.
Further sources of which i got them and most have their sources on the matter mentioned or linked.
Source: David Bently Hart and Tim O'Neil (where they provide their sources of those there at the this time and such), Did Saint Cyril Kill Hypatia? Professor Edward Watts rewrites history (Catholic Bridge, they provide sources as well) Myths About The Murder Of The Philosopher, Hypatia (Patheos, I didnt use this but it has numerous sources the creator had attached to their short article)
@@FireCat34 luckily they're the minortiy, most are virtuous, such as Saint Thomas Beckett
The moment I saw that bat, fear was struck into my soul. Amazing video and art as always! Send Nick my highest respects!
ETA: Happy Pride Month 2024!
Theophilus meaning godlover, I see
29 min ago...
I don't blame Hypatia for taking a vow of chastity - the alternative is often disgusting... and for a woman in her time, potentially painful and life-threatening.
The body is corrupt and the soul is sacred? Sounds a lot like Gnosticism to me
Cuz it is. Around this time the church had to clarify that the body was not evil in itself. While Gnostics and later the Cathars in medieval France did
Isn't she the woman who killed because she was a female scholar or something like that
No that's what a movie made it out to be. It wasn't. She was killed because of political schisms and rivalries.
She was skinned alive
Baldwin of Jerusalem!!!
This setup has too much similarity to current events for comfort.
Ya'll watching the Good Place in 2024 too, huh?
mmmm books are tasty
Exactly same sh!t happening in manipur india. Christians vs pagans.