These are wonderful! I am a first year vet student and I use these as quick reviews to give me a general framework for all the other details I'm learning! Very helpful - and beautiful artistic work!!!
I have notes regarding this video Corticospinal pathway decends through the internal capsule not thalamus, Anterior corticospinal supplies proximal muscles bilaterally
First year undergrad med student, and this vid saved my life haha. My finals are in a month and I was too lazy to study neuroanat until last minute, only to realise I didn't know what was going on at all. Your video really helped a lot, thanks! :)
Rubrospinal tract is an alternative voluntary spinal motor tract, not only manages large muscle movement is also involved in fine motor control of upper limbs such as grasping objects but not individual finger movement, this is the particular feauture of the corticospinal tract, also it is involved in rapid movement of muscles, it is constantly limited by the corticospinal tract, that is why if they cut the corticospinal tract, rubrospinal takes over and can manage to recover 90% of voluntary muscle movement except individual finger movement. It controls flexor muscles, it limits extensor muscle movement, and yet you only managed to say it is important instead of providing more information.
Motor pathways can be divided into Lateral pathways & Anteromedial pathways Corticospinal tracts most important coz they deal with voluntary control. Lateral Corticospinal tract Anterior Corticospinal tract Rubrospinal tract Anteromedial pathways : mainly controls axial muscles for balance and posture. Tectospinal tract: originates in the midbrain in the area ka Superior Colliculus. Responsible for orientation response. Reticulospinal tract Vestibulospinal tract : responsible for maintaining head balance and turning. Anterior Corticospinal tract
Professor Frink gave me a good understanding of the basis of structure and function of spinal cord. The lecture is well oganized and thank you Dr. Flint.
also you fail to mention in the lateral tract pathway, it has the reticulospinal lateral tract and lateral vestibulospinal tract, it is not only anterior pathway as you mentioned in your video. Reticulospinal lateral medullar tract inhibits Involuntary excitatory extensor muscle movement and decreases muscle tone, pontine/medial reticulospinal tract increases involuntary muscle tone and increases extensor muscle activity
i feel like its important to point out that the anterior corticospinal tract isnt decussating when it synapses on the contralateral ventral horn, thats just an example of its bilateral control. it also synapses with the ventral horn on the ipsilateral side. lateral corticospinal tract exerts unilateral control because it only synapses with one side of the ventral horn (in its case, on the contralateral side). Just pointing this out because I'm currently studying for a test which includes decussation as an important aspect of learning about these pathways.
The red nucleus & the rubrospinal tracts are involved more in coordination of upper limbs, not the entire body. That's why in decerebrate rigidity, the upper limbs are flexed because of loss of rubrospinal control.
In your video you say anterior corticospinal tract control proximal muscles such as the arms, but I have learned in various medical books that anterior corticospinal controls only muscles of the trunk (Thoracic and abdominal cavity), lateral corticospinal tracts control upper and lower limbs muscles including arms.
+Ajinkya Bhasme I think this is an incredibly important point for both understanding the anatomy and for clinical relevance and should be amended or at least highlighted in the video.
Cody Lau That part is correct, what Ajinkya is correcting is in the brain itself. The internal capsule is on the side of the thalamus, through which the descending tracts pass through. Thalamus is basically a reception point for the cortex, it comes into play when we move *towards* the cortex, not away from it.
2021 anyone? Love u man, im watching u from my high school to medschool, through and through, beautiful work u have done, and thanks for making these vids, wish u the best of bests
I was under the impression that a lesion of the lateral corticospinal tract will cause a deficit on the ipsilateral side of the lesion, because the LCST begins below the decussation in the medulla. The contralateral hemisphere of the cerebrum controls the motion, but if a lesion occurred in the LCST, the deficits will show on the ipsilateral side of the lesion.
I can't find the video of descending &ascending tract, any one help ? Armando could you pls put the link of the videos you talk about in bio next time!
What is the role of the upper neuron in the motor pathway: 1. Transfer impulse from motor cortex to spinal cord 2. Transfer impulse from spinal cord to motor cortex 3. Transfer impulse from spinal cord to muscle 4. Transfer impulse from muscle to spinal cord
should notice that 5% of spinocortical tract fibers do not decussate and called "non decussated lateral corticospinal tract" and 5 % representing the anterior corticospinal tract are actually decussating twice, once at the medulla oblangata and once again at the level of the specific vertebre, there for innervating eventually in an ipsilateral manner. and third the upper motor neuron does not pass through the thalamus but through the internal capsule. anyway it's a great video thanks
Thank you for this video....... I love watching this....... I will watch it again and again...... Really it helps me in my goal in life to pursue my dream course.....
*Ascending tracts of spinal cord -* *Name* - *Function* _________________________________________________________________________ a.Lat . spinothalamic tract P/T from opp half of body b.Ant .spinothalamic tract Touch(crude)&pressure from opp half of body c.Fasciculus gracilis *Conscious proprioception* ,discriminatory touch d.Fasciculus cuneatus Vibratory sence,steriognosis e.post.spinocerebellar *Unconscious proprioception* to cerebellum f.Ant spinocerebellar Cerebellum adjustments of muscle tone g.spino olivary Proprioceptive sence h.Spinotectal Afferent limb of reflex movmnts of eyes & head towards source of stimulus *Descending tracts -* a.Lat .corticospinal Main motor tract b.Ant corticospinal " " c.Rubrospinal Efferent pathway for cerebellum & corpus striatum d.Medial reticulospinal Extrapyramidal tract e.lateral " " f.Olivospinal " g.Vestibulospinal Efferent pathway for equilibratory control h.Tectospinal Efferent pathway for visual reflexes
You forgot the olivospinal tract that some scholars put in the anterior/ventromedial system, other do not include it as part of this system. It would have been very helpful if you explain the tracts that deccusate and why tracts that deccusate cause opposite side lesions in upper motor neurons and same side lesions cause same side affections in lower motor neurons, this was not fully explained, also you must include the corticobulbar system, it travels along with the corticospinal tract but deccusates at different levels of the brainstem.
Hello! Where can I find the previous video about the sensory pathway? I'm really struggling to put all these concepts together so it'd be a great help. Thank you so much! :)
hi there, great vid, but we've been taught all 3 medial pathways (inc the tectospinal tract) are ipsilateral..... i will look it up. I'm too grateful to be critical if you got it wrong. Good work.
How the hell do nursing and med students learn all this, just on the nervous system then the rest of the anatomy of the body. It’s amazing just watching you draw all this out.
Where are the descending and ascending tract videos you mentioned in the beginning of this video? requesting you to load more on maintenance of tone and posture and balance.
So the anterior corticospinal tract does not dessucate in the lower portion of the medulla, but does that in the anterior horn? so ipsilaterally down until the anterior corticospinal tract before it dessucates to the ventral horn contralaterally where it synapses?
At 1.00 you mentioned that the outer grey matter of the Cerebral Cortex consists of synapses. Shouldn't it be neurons and correct me if I'm wrong? Jackson, Mississippi.
Great videos, thanx! But I'm a little confused. Where does the autonome motor neurons fit in? In your other video of the overview of the peripheral and central nerve system you describe motor neurons are either somatic (voluntary) or autonome (not voluntary). But I think al these tracts shown here are somatic tracts? Because autonome neurons use ganglions and have other functions. And the anteriormedial tract is not voluntary, so to equal somatic with voluntary is not really correct? Or what am I not understanding correctly?
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🧠 TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE FROM THIS LECTURE! ✅
youmakr.ai/test-playground/questionnaire/673d4641859b9c170836ef7d
Im curious how many people use this for PA, Nursing school, med school or any other advanced school. You are a life saver
I use these for Vet school. They are trying to cram neuroanatomy into our brains the 2 weeks before finals :/
Med school student here! Armando has been saving my life all the way from my A Levels, to my first BSc and now during my MBChB!
PA student lol... gotta round it out!
Physical Therapy student here! Saving my life for neuroanatomy :)
Medical school
on behalf of all students studying medicine, thank you tremendously for all of your videos. God bless you.
These are wonderful! I am a first year vet student and I use these as quick reviews to give me a general framework for all the other details I'm learning! Very helpful - and beautiful artistic work!!!
I am a biomedical engineer interested in stroke rehabilitation, this was one of the well explained videos for motor pathways
If only the teachers and professors in medical colleges teach like this... You are doing an awesome job Sir😎👍
Your lectures are so clear...blessing for medical students..
I have notes regarding this video
Corticospinal pathway decends through the internal capsule not thalamus,
Anterior corticospinal supplies proximal muscles bilaterally
Can you send me the notes
First year undergrad med student, and this vid saved my life haha. My finals are in a month and I was too lazy to study neuroanat until last minute, only to realise I didn't know what was going on at all. Your video really helped a lot, thanks! :)
hi, how is it going now?
I'm in the exact same situation now
Rubrospinal tract is an alternative voluntary spinal motor tract, not only manages large muscle movement is also involved in fine motor control of upper limbs such as grasping objects but not individual finger movement, this is the particular feauture of the corticospinal tract, also it is involved in rapid movement of muscles, it is constantly limited by the corticospinal tract, that is why if they cut the corticospinal tract, rubrospinal takes over and can manage to recover 90% of voluntary muscle movement except individual finger movement. It controls flexor muscles, it limits extensor muscle movement, and yet you only managed to say it is important instead of providing more information.
Agreed
Motor pathways can be divided into
Lateral pathways
&
Anteromedial pathways
Corticospinal tracts most important coz they deal with voluntary control.
Lateral Corticospinal tract
Anterior Corticospinal tract
Rubrospinal tract
Anteromedial pathways : mainly controls axial muscles for balance and posture.
Tectospinal tract: originates in the midbrain in the area ka Superior Colliculus. Responsible for orientation response.
Reticulospinal tract
Vestibulospinal tract : responsible for maintaining head balance and turning.
Anterior Corticospinal tract
Can't explain enough how useful the videos are! Such a great work plus explanation is to the point 👌
Thanks much great work
Have a test tomorrow and watching this video really helped! Thanks a bunch! Keep up the amazing work!
"So i hope that makes sense" seems to be your favourite sentence :D
corticospinal tract don't pass through the thalamus,it passes the posterior limb
of internal capsule
Right
WOW WHAT A LIFE SAVER, THIS IS SO CLEAR, PLS DO MORE
from stressed medical student
A minor correction : corticospinal tract does not pass through thalamus. it goes directly to midbrain via cerebral peduncles.
Professor Frink gave me a good understanding of the basis of structure and function of spinal cord. The lecture is well oganized and thank you Dr. Flint.
also you fail to mention in the lateral tract pathway, it has the reticulospinal lateral tract and lateral vestibulospinal tract, it is not only anterior pathway as you mentioned in your video. Reticulospinal lateral medullar tract inhibits Involuntary excitatory extensor muscle movement and decreases muscle tone, pontine/medial reticulospinal tract increases involuntary muscle tone and increases extensor muscle activity
i feel like its important to point out that the anterior corticospinal tract isnt decussating when it synapses on the contralateral ventral horn, thats just an example of its bilateral control. it also synapses with the ventral horn on the ipsilateral side. lateral corticospinal tract exerts unilateral control because it only synapses with one side of the ventral horn (in its case, on the contralateral side). Just pointing this out because I'm currently studying for a test which includes decussation as an important aspect of learning about these pathways.
Your video saved my studying life in biology. This is awesome. Please do more.
The red nucleus & the rubrospinal tracts are involved more in coordination of upper limbs, not the entire body. That's why in decerebrate rigidity, the upper limbs are flexed because of loss of rubrospinal control.
In your video you say anterior corticospinal tract control proximal muscles such as the arms, but I have learned in various medical books that anterior corticospinal controls only muscles of the trunk (Thoracic and abdominal cavity), lateral corticospinal tracts control upper and lower limbs muscles including arms.
No, he is correct, according to my textbook.
lateral corticospinal tract doesn't pass through the thalamus😑
it goes into posterior limb of internal capsule
+Ajinkya Bhasme I think this is an incredibly important point for both understanding the anatomy and for clinical relevance and should be amended or at least highlighted in the video.
Ajinkya Bhasme absolutely!! such a gross mistake he made!
So it passes through the posterior and lateral portion of the spine right?
activate the notifications on the video, he corrected himself
Cody Lau
That part is correct, what Ajinkya is correcting is in the brain itself. The internal capsule is on the side of the thalamus, through which the descending tracts pass through. Thalamus is basically a reception point for the cortex, it comes into play when we move *towards* the cortex, not away from it.
2021 anyone? Love u man, im watching u from my high school to medschool, through and through, beautiful work u have done, and thanks for making these vids, wish u the best of bests
Thank you for your help and time! Amazing explanation.
I was under the impression that a lesion of the lateral corticospinal tract will cause a deficit on the ipsilateral side of the lesion, because the LCST begins below the decussation in the medulla. The contralateral hemisphere of the cerebrum controls the motion, but if a lesion occurred in the LCST, the deficits will show on the ipsilateral side of the lesion.
Yeah, this is correct. He is confusing the spinal chord with the cerebrum.
You are absolutely correct..
I can't find the video of descending &ascending tract, any one help ?
Armando could you pls put the link of the videos you talk about in bio next time!
What is the role of the upper neuron in the motor pathway:
1. Transfer impulse from motor cortex to spinal cord
2. Transfer impulse from spinal cord to motor cortex
3. Transfer impulse from spinal cord to muscle
4. Transfer impulse from muscle to spinal cord
should notice that 5% of spinocortical tract fibers do not decussate and called "non decussated lateral corticospinal tract" and 5 % representing the anterior corticospinal tract are actually decussating twice, once at the medulla oblangata and once again at the level of the specific vertebre, there for innervating eventually in an ipsilateral manner. and third the upper motor neuron does not pass through the thalamus but through the internal capsule.
anyway it's a great video thanks
Thank you for this video....... I love watching this....... I will watch it again and again...... Really it helps me in my goal in life to pursue my dream course.....
Not only ur drawing but your explanation are so good
Very helpful video for my Physiotherapy studies, thank you!
BLESS YOU you literally saved me HUGE props to you and THANK YOU!!
I thought the spinothalamic pathway doesn't pass through the thalamus, but passes through the internal capsule? Reference to 4:25
Jack 1
Spinothalamic = ascending pathways, they pass through the thalamus. What you mean to refer are the corticospinal/descending tracts.
Thanks !!! u saved me ....ur videos are just superb, all of them. Big thumbs up!!! God bless u.
A very good video! I am studying pshychology and this helps me a lot! Thank you
*Ascending tracts of spinal cord -*
*Name* - *Function*
_________________________________________________________________________
a.Lat . spinothalamic tract P/T from opp half of body
b.Ant .spinothalamic tract Touch(crude)&pressure from opp half of body
c.Fasciculus gracilis *Conscious proprioception* ,discriminatory touch
d.Fasciculus cuneatus Vibratory sence,steriognosis
e.post.spinocerebellar *Unconscious proprioception* to cerebellum
f.Ant spinocerebellar Cerebellum adjustments of muscle tone
g.spino olivary Proprioceptive sence
h.Spinotectal Afferent limb of reflex movmnts of eyes & head
towards source of stimulus
*Descending tracts -*
a.Lat .corticospinal Main motor tract
b.Ant corticospinal " "
c.Rubrospinal Efferent pathway for cerebellum & corpus striatum
d.Medial reticulospinal Extrapyramidal tract
e.lateral " "
f.Olivospinal "
g.Vestibulospinal Efferent pathway for equilibratory control
h.Tectospinal Efferent pathway for visual reflexes
where is the video for ascending and descing tract ?plz give me the link of ur video
ascending is somatosensory pathway, and the descending is this video which is motor pathway.
Neurophysiology made easy ,thank you.
mesmerizing and informational at the same time.
You forgot the olivospinal tract that some scholars put in the anterior/ventromedial system, other do not include it as part of this system. It would have been very helpful if you explain the tracts that deccusate and why tracts that deccusate cause opposite side lesions in upper motor neurons and same side lesions cause same side affections in lower motor neurons, this was not fully explained, also you must include the corticobulbar system, it travels along with the corticospinal tract but deccusates at different levels of the brainstem.
Can someone tell me where to find the Introduction of Ascending/Descending Tracts video at the beginning?
Thank you sir to teach motor pathways&tracts
Where are the descending and ascending tract videos you mentioned in the beginning of this video?
I have the same question... could not find them
+qianyun meng I am looking for the videos too
Loc Tong it's the "Neurology - Spinal Cord Introduction" video I believe
+Srija Reddy hii
couldnt find it either.
Thank you so much 🙏🙏🙏
Man, you're AMAZING. Your videos are so helpful. Thank you so much!
Many different motor pathways that extend down through the spine.
Hello! Where can I find the previous video about the sensory pathway? I'm really struggling to put all these concepts together so it'd be a great help. Thank you so much! :)
hi there, great vid, but we've been taught all 3 medial pathways (inc the tectospinal tract) are ipsilateral..... i will look it up. I'm too grateful to be critical if you got it wrong. Good work.
Upper motor neurones do not send axons into/through the thalamus.
How the hell do nursing and med students learn all this, just on the nervous system then the rest of the anatomy of the body. It’s amazing just watching you draw all this out.
Perfect timing. Neuro exam on monday
Hope you did well on exam.
+Nicholas Kirton how are you doing man? :)
This helped me so much! For my upcomming exam we need to draw this too!
Thank you sir 💟
you have been the best help! thank you!
so nice of you
You are the best man!! Thank you for your videos...
Adamın dibisin dibi
excellent drawings and explanations
Where are the descending and ascending tract videos you mentioned in the beginning of this video?
requesting you to load more on maintenance of tone and posture and balance.
surugoyal oooi😩😩😩👉👉👵👤👵👤👤👤👬👬👬👬👬👫👫👫🙉🙉🙉
THANK YOU ARMANDO!
If this was not for your class and you are doing it as a PSA...please do one on adhesive arachnoiditis. I do not understand what it is i have
your videos are amazing. thank you so much cx
Amazing video! Thank you
You made it sound so easy!!! Thank you very much! keep the good work
thanks ,, keep taking about neurology
Can you explain what the final common pathway does?
What are the neuro trasmittis response for your fast and slow pain ?
its amazing . I love it.
Thanks armando !
I can't find the video on introduction to descending and ascending tracts.
Same here
I was also looking for that. :(
th-cam.com/video/5c8maFAhqIc/w-d-xo.html
So the anterior corticospinal tract does not dessucate in the lower portion of the medulla, but does that in the anterior horn? so ipsilaterally down until the anterior corticospinal tract before it dessucates to the ventral horn contralaterally where it synapses?
At 1.00 you mentioned that the outer grey matter of the Cerebral Cortex consists of synapses. Shouldn't it be neurons and correct me if I'm wrong?
Jackson, Mississippi.
Great explanation
Great videos, thanx! But I'm a little confused. Where does the autonome motor neurons fit in? In your other video of the overview of the peripheral and central nerve system you describe motor neurons are either somatic (voluntary) or autonome (not voluntary). But I think al these tracts shown here are somatic tracts? Because autonome neurons use ganglions and have other functions. And the anteriormedial tract is not voluntary, so to equal somatic with voluntary is not really correct? Or what am I not understanding correctly?
Love your videos dude...
I wish you could upload the whole page at 12:24 as a picture. That would be awesome !
Great video. I have a question, isn't it that the corticospinal nerve's path is in between the thalamus and the lenticular (internal capsule) ?
Martin Kavedjian
Yes, slight error on his part.
Glad you fixed the lighting in your videos =)
difficult stuff made so easy, thank you!
thank you
Thankyou
awesome and very helpful lecture. how dare those 8 people who dislike this video lol
indeed how dare those 8 people who disliked this video
@@everthingmedicalexplained4189 Haters are like roaches. they are everywhere. good video.
@@everthingmedicalexplained4189 there's some incorrect information in the video.
what level of the spinal cord does the motor pathway end?
THANK YOU
VERY VALUABLE CONTAIN THANKS
Nice video! Great rookie learning material!
THE BEST🙌🏼🙌🏼🙌🏼🙌🏼
doesnt the reticulospinal tract show decussation unlike other tracts?
Very helpful video!! Thanks a lot!!
Motor Control Theories please !!! Great work, your always my to go to reference for info on Neurology !
you are great sir nice lecture
lmao. Earlier today I searched for a video on the motor tracts on your channel. :P
Thank u
thankyou
Thank you so Much!
thanks
please send the link for the somatosensory pathway. Thanks
Please make video with subtitles
What about sensory and cognitive pathway?
great job