Equivalence Relation

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  • เผยแพร่เมื่อ 11 ม.ค. 2025

ความคิดเห็น • 104

  • @danichef
    @danichef 2 ปีที่แล้ว +29

    For everyone wondering about R1:
    A relation is transitive if
    aRb and bRc imply aRc.
    R={(1,1), (2,2), (3,3)}
    Let’s consider all the cases where aRb and bRc, There are only three ways this can happen:
    a=1; b=1; c=1
    a=2; b=2; c=2
    a=3; b=3; c=3
    In every single case, we have aRc. aRb and bRc imply aRc.

  • @seradfb345
    @seradfb345 2 ปีที่แล้ว +47

    For those who said it is not transitive, I think a possible misconception of transitivity means that a given number can relate to any other number in the set, but this is not what transitivity means:
    Definition:
    A relation is transitive if xRy and yRz, then xRz.
    Example:
    To clarify, the definition of x here is the first element of a pair from R1 and so on.
    For example looking at R1 we can decide x to be any first value from all of the pairs in R1. Let's say we decide that x = 2
    The only pair which contains 2 is (2,2).
    Now, referring to the definition of transitive above, y in this case must be the second item of the chosen pair which is 2.
    xRy = (2,2)
    As we know that y = 2, to find z we look for the second item of a pair with 2 in. Again (2,2) is the only pair, so it follows that z = 2.
    yRz = (2,2)
    As x = 2 and z = 2, we can see that it holds true that xRz = (2,2)
    So the definition holds true: if (2,2) and (2,2) then (2,2)
    x and y would always be the same number though. They could not be different because there is no such pair.
    Proof:
    An easy way to check if a matrix is in fact transitive is by the theorem which states:
    A relation is transitive if and only if R² ⊆ R
    (In this example it means basically the squared matrix does not contain a 1 anywhere the original matrix does not)
    In example one the matrix (M) for R1 is just the identity matrix:
    M=
    1 0 0 0
    0 1 0 0
    0 0 1 0
    0 0 0 1
    M² =
    1 0 0 0
    0 1 0 0
    0 0 1 0
    0 0 0 1
    so M² ⊆ M
    Therefore R1 is transitive.

    • @hannahferrera5591
      @hannahferrera5591 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      This is brilliant explanation. Thank u

    • @legcramp4475
      @legcramp4475 ปีที่แล้ว

      So are all reflexive a transitive?

    • @kevinebedi5257
      @kevinebedi5257 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      yeah nice breakdown thanks!!

  • @sigmapiebonds3191
    @sigmapiebonds3191 2 ปีที่แล้ว +10

    Literally in love with the content. It proved so helpful for me as its my exam tomorrow and found this gem!!! So well explained; our clg teachers dont even gives so precisely

  • @TammanaSultanaFood
    @TammanaSultanaFood 2 ปีที่แล้ว +90

    for the first example, if something is reflexive, is it automatically transitive and symmetric? you didn't go over that but i know its symmetric but i am struggling with transitive.

    • @salimelghersse4822
      @salimelghersse4822 2 ปีที่แล้ว +17

      it is not transitive i guess it's a mistake

    • @naveedahmedsoomro4354
      @naveedahmedsoomro4354 2 ปีที่แล้ว +8

      If something is reflexive it's not mean that it's also a transitive because in some situations reflexive isn't a transitive

    • @ramanjaneyuluv479
      @ramanjaneyuluv479 2 ปีที่แล้ว +11

      It is transitive because there are no different elements to compare by default we consider it as transitive only even it is same with the symmetric also

    • @axelsanchez5849
      @axelsanchez5849 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      No, they are 3 different properties

    • @sahilchaudhary2412
      @sahilchaudhary2412 ปีที่แล้ว +28

      ​@@salimelghersse4822yes it is transitive bcz property says if there is (a,b) belongs to R and (b,c) belongs to R then there should be exists (a,c)......soo here (a,b) and (b,c) is not present soo there is no need to have (a,c) therefore it is transitive.....hope it helps

  • @shreedevis8019
    @shreedevis8019 3 ปีที่แล้ว +5

    You are brilliant sir.Thank you so much for making us understand hard concepts easily.

  • @masteradil
    @masteradil ปีที่แล้ว +5

    Can you clear R1 please?
    How is it symmetric and transitive

  • @damirkoblev4333
    @damirkoblev4333 2 ปีที่แล้ว +13

    Thanks a lot! But I still can't understand how can the first relation be transitive if all pairs consist from the same elements and do not connect with other ones?

    • @nabilwalidrafi5679
      @nabilwalidrafi5679 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Transitive Definition:
      if all pairs consist from the same elements and do not connect with other ones

    • @zubaerahammed
      @zubaerahammed ปีที่แล้ว +4

      The condition is if (a,b) and (b,c) belongs to R, then (a,c) belongs to R. But in that relation, there is no such (a,b) and (b,c). So, there is nothing to check against for its transitivity. It will not be transitive only if there are (a,b) and (b,c) ordered pairs present and there is no (a,c) present.

  • @JuliaGugulski
    @JuliaGugulski ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Best video on TH-cam.

    • @SHUBHHAM
      @SHUBHHAM 4 หลายเดือนก่อน

      Hii Julia

  • @varzhenenithiyananthan860
    @varzhenenithiyananthan860 3 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    Can you solve the question ?? Let R be an equivalence relation on a set A, and let a€A and b€A. Prove that aRb if and only if R(a)=R(b).

  • @faizazam4256
    @faizazam4256 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    For Equivalance Relation all 3 has to be satisfied or one is enough.
    As you say R2 in not reflexive and yes they are not but they are symmetric and transitive
    Are they not equivalence?... Please Reply...🙏🏻

  • @himanshumaurya428
    @himanshumaurya428 3 ปีที่แล้ว +17

    How is the first relation equivalence? How is it transitive?

    • @Tenaciousplays01
      @Tenaciousplays01 3 ปีที่แล้ว +6

      Its not transitive,he made mistake

    • @himanshumaurya428
      @himanshumaurya428 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@Tenaciousplays01 yeah

    • @nmm6167
      @nmm6167 3 ปีที่แล้ว +8

      I asked about that and someone told me if there isn't condition then its transitive

    • @trusttheprocess4775
      @trusttheprocess4775 3 ปีที่แล้ว +20

      No, he is right. If there are simply no conditions in the relation to check if the relation is transitive or not, then it is transitive. In the question, there was no (a,b) and neither (b,c) hence there were no conditions to check (a,c) whether it belonged to R or not, hence it is still transitive.

    • @himanshumaurya428
      @himanshumaurya428 3 ปีที่แล้ว +3

      @@trusttheprocess4775 oh is that so. thanks mate

  • @jaysonjamesalvarez1572
    @jaysonjamesalvarez1572 7 หลายเดือนก่อน

    its like an entire semester in 6 mins thank you man, gotta take this exam in a few hours

  • @gamer-zy1uj
    @gamer-zy1uj 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Thankyou sir❤️❤️❤️🙏🙏

  • @jadibamaniya9948
    @jadibamaniya9948 10 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    Very well explained.. Up to point...

  • @Dandie12
    @Dandie12 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Thank you for this amazing explanation!

  • @E_Hooligan
    @E_Hooligan 3 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    Amazing explanation, thanks!

  • @amarsgamer7752
    @amarsgamer7752 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Thank u sir 🙏🙏 ❤️😘

  • @soummossj2624
    @soummossj2624 2 ปีที่แล้ว +5

    On example one R2 you said it is not reflexive because there is no (1,1) ...there is not a single element of 1 here.. so I think its safe to say 1 doesn't exist in this relation...so its reflexive, symmetric but not transitive. Please take the time to provide correction in the desc.

    • @ronakop2357
      @ronakop2357 7 หลายเดือนก่อน

      it is transitive as well, it is an equivalence relation

  • @franktalksprogramming
    @franktalksprogramming 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    This guy is great

  • @MathCuriousity
    @MathCuriousity ปีที่แล้ว

    Hi may I pose a question: let’s say we have an equivalence relation aRb. Why can’t I represent this within set theory as set T comprising subset of Cartesian product of a and b, mapped to a set U which contains true or false? Thanks so much!!

  • @LexyMrLee9111
    @LexyMrLee9111 ปีที่แล้ว

    Well explain sir.....

  • @jaybansod44
    @jaybansod44 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Create one discrete mathematics play list

  • @anupamagarwal3976
    @anupamagarwal3976 2 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    Sir, How R1 a transitive relation ?

    • @alibekbalkybekov4809
      @alibekbalkybekov4809 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      If there aren't different pairs of elements like (1,2) or (2,3) we don't need to check them them for transitive

    • @MDEmranAli-rm3cj
      @MDEmranAli-rm3cj 2 หลายเดือนก่อน

      but. how can it symmetric. please say me❤

  • @codex7299
    @codex7299 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank you❤

  • @tajansari612
    @tajansari612 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    nice explanation sir

  • @laibahameed4212
    @laibahameed4212 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    No,R1 is not an equivalent relation,for equivalence relation a function must hold the properties of reflexive, symmetric, transitive,it doesn't hold transitive relation

  • @avirajbhandari9811
    @avirajbhandari9811 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank you! This is very helpful.

  • @lubnaansari3948
    @lubnaansari3948 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank you so much sir

  • @adithyadinesh9832
    @adithyadinesh9832 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Approved by Hanena

  • @amnakhawaja1548
    @amnakhawaja1548 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    how is R1 transitive? there's no c but (a,a)

  • @kosumeghanameghana3360
    @kosumeghanameghana3360 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Excellent explanation sir,tq soo much

  • @tim-duncan2137
    @tim-duncan2137 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank you sir

  • @hannahferrera5591
    @hannahferrera5591 ปีที่แล้ว

    Is the relation number 4 really not a symmetric? I am confused. What I have learned in class is that if (a, b) element of R, then (b, a) must be an element of R too. And this property does not need to be true for all elements.

    • @hannahferrera5591
      @hannahferrera5591 ปีที่แล้ว

      What I am trying to imply is there should be at least one pair of element that is symmetric. In the Video, there is (2,0) in R as well as (0,2). Hence, the relation is symmetric.

    • @harshitasharma7665
      @harshitasharma7665 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Property need to be true for all elements.

  • @ahmetkarakartal9563
    @ahmetkarakartal9563 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    thank you so much

  • @karmaxscience3632
    @karmaxscience3632 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Upload more videos on data structures and algorithms sir.

  • @HelloBye-fr7fm
    @HelloBye-fr7fm 2 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    r3 is not equivalence (1,1),(1,2) but no (1,2) ,(2,1) is not same as (1,2)

  • @ritchmondjamestajarros4439
    @ritchmondjamestajarros4439 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    In the first equivalence, why is it symmetric?

  • @navdeepkaur2131
    @navdeepkaur2131 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Amazing

  • @swarnaganesh5693
    @swarnaganesh5693 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    thank you :)))

  • @adyiebanerjee
    @adyiebanerjee 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thanks

  • @nikhilnaidu7899
    @nikhilnaidu7899 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    excellent

  • @madihadrawingacademy4823
    @madihadrawingacademy4823 ปีที่แล้ว

    how R1 is symetric

  • @samratbarui.
    @samratbarui. 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thanku sir

  • @Rocker123uk
    @Rocker123uk 4 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    Correction: R3 is not transitive

  • @rahelina7176
    @rahelina7176 ปีที่แล้ว

    All of this is good but I do not get how R6 is transitive. Thank you anyways.

  • @animesh06
    @animesh06 ปีที่แล้ว

    Nice

  • @ههخخ-ع3ت
    @ههخخ-ع3ت 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Can Anyone tell me how can I understand AXA ?? I will appreciate if any one can help me in this plz

    • @akarusardarbekova5927
      @akarusardarbekova5927 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      A x A={(a,a), (a,b), (b,a), (b,b)} which has 4 elements.

    • @sumrelachaunria8776
      @sumrelachaunria8776 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      If A={a,b} where a and b are elements then AXA={(a,a),(a,b),(b,a),(b,b)}

    • @SKP2102
      @SKP2102 7 หลายเดือนก่อน

      AXA simply means the Cartesian product from a Non-empty Set A to the same set B which means mapping of every element of A with each element of A. So create one by one all the ordered pairs from setA to set A

  • @hhhhhhha954
    @hhhhhhha954 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    sorry why AxA is surely to be equivilant

    • @seradfb345
      @seradfb345 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      AXA contains all possible pairs.
      The matrix for AXA in this case would look like this:
      1 1 1 1
      1 1 1 1
      1 1 1 1
      1 1 1 1
      If the diagonal line from top left to bottom right contains 1s, then it is reflexive.
      If you put a mirror along the same line and see reflection for all the other entries then it is symmetric.
      And hopefully you can also see how it can be transitive also.
      The point is AXA contains all possible pairs of the set

  • @gmoney_swag1274
    @gmoney_swag1274 9 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    I love you

  • @iavipinyadav1
    @iavipinyadav1 6 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    Example 1 - Transitive 😂😂😂. But How If (aRb) & (bRc) then must be (aRc) but there is (cRa) . So not Transitive 🤫.

  • @tanveersingh3196
    @tanveersingh3196 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    That relation in first seconds of video wasnt transitive

  • @shauny4596
    @shauny4596 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    R1 is not transitive

  • @anesumukombachoto8525
    @anesumukombachoto8525 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    This a lie ,he is a liar

  • @umgsbed3922
    @umgsbed3922 8 หลายเดือนก่อน

    ما عم افهمكسمس

  • @hrithikIITR25
    @hrithikIITR25 ปีที่แล้ว

    😍😍😍😍😍😍😍😍😍😍😍😍😍😍😍😍😍😍😍

  • @weinerblut6869
    @weinerblut6869 ปีที่แล้ว

    What a crummy explanation. Have you shown people here what reflexive, symmetric and transitive mean? Have you done anything else other than say it's obvious yes or obvious no.

  • @kainaatmakhani6550
    @kainaatmakhani6550 3 ปีที่แล้ว +8

    You are brilliant sir. Thank you so much for making us understand hard concepts easily.

  • @sachingaming6169
    @sachingaming6169 7 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    Thank u so much sir😊

  • @Bnbnayak
    @Bnbnayak 9 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Thank you sir😊

  • @AbhishekThakur-fk7px
    @AbhishekThakur-fk7px ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank you so much sir.

  • @siddheshpandey7905
    @siddheshpandey7905 8 หลายเดือนก่อน +2

    R3 is not transitive

  • @peterchimbuto4095
    @peterchimbuto4095 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thanks

  • @kailashgupta2516
    @kailashgupta2516 3 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Thank you sir 😊