Understand resistors better than EVERYONE, a PRO guide to all common resistors.

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  • เผยแพร่เมื่อ 13 พ.ค. 2024
  • Common resistors explained.
    Resistor guide 👇🏻
    jamesgatlin.com/products/resi...
    Resistor mug
    jamesgatlin.com/products/cera...
    Understand resistors like a pro, the ultimate guide.
    This video covers all the major resistors, their workings, applications, and functions. It also shows examples and breaks components down to see the inner workings.
    Amazon:
    Multimeter expensive: geni.us/Sp3n
    Multimeter cheap: geni.us/ru8GD
    Resistor kit: geni.us/CyYj

ความคิดเห็น • 163

  • @ripsawful
    @ripsawful หลายเดือนก่อน +40

    Excellent video. Not for dummies. Great narration and no stupid music, goofy jokes or worthless filler. I'm subscribing

    • @iyogi2
      @iyogi2 3 วันที่ผ่านมา

      Yes, indeed, thank you.
      No music is good.
      Your information is presented clearly and concisely.
      I wish I had a better memory.
      I'm glad I can watch it more than once.
      Thanks again, James.
      doug

  • @ikemkrueger
    @ikemkrueger หลายเดือนก่อน +14

    I want more guides like that for capacitors, diodes and coils.

  • @cboyamg
    @cboyamg หลายเดือนก่อน +30

    I’ve watched a lot of vids on resistors and imo this one was presented the best 👍

  • @larrybud
    @larrybud หลายเดือนก่อน +14

    With the blue metal film resistors, you look up the color code, then.... you measure the resistance using the meter, because it's impossible to read those colors against the blue background, and it's nearly impossible to tell which direction to read the resistor! BAN BLUE RESISTORS!!

  • @Arariel3
    @Arariel3 22 วันที่ผ่านมา +1

    I never thought I'd learn that much about resistors in such a short period of time. Thank you!

  • @autonoob
    @autonoob หลายเดือนก่อน +6

    Only 449 views!
    Clever take on sponsorship by providing something useful. Imagine if all marketing worked that way, what a great world that would be. Good job, liked and subscribed :)

  • @moodyone99
    @moodyone99 หลายเดือนก่อน +38

    Great resistor guide and a cool mug but no shipping to Australia. I'm devastated 😭😭😭 but it's OK, I will survive 😊

    • @james_gatlin
      @james_gatlin  หลายเดือนก่อน +10

      I appreciate it, thanks!!

    • @troyallen8223
      @troyallen8223 หลายเดือนก่อน +7

      Glad you didn't resist sharing your emotions 😁👍🏼😜

    • @martinkuliza
      @martinkuliza หลายเดือนก่อน +6

      What ? i was about to order the mug, that's bullshit , I would even go to the point of saying, it's fuckin Un Australian
      Unlike you, i won't survive, i mean .......without the mug....... I will have to rely on the charts in my Jaycar Catalogue :P it's just not the same

    • @james_gatlin
      @james_gatlin  หลายเดือนก่อน +10

      Internacional shipping now available

    • @martinkuliza
      @martinkuliza หลายเดือนก่อน

      @@james_gatlin
      Hi james i just sent you 2 emails, Please check emails, thanks

  • @Rick.Sanchez
    @Rick.Sanchez 13 วันที่ผ่านมา

    nicely done! 14,5 minutes on point information, plus a very nice optional condensed guide that supports the channel. +1 subscriber

  • @nitesh7633
    @nitesh7633 หลายเดือนก่อน +9

    As a computer science student who builds prototype and code on them this will help me a lot. I hope you could make more similar videos on pnp npn transistors. Diodes and ways of designing a pcb.
    Congratulations man you got a subscriber

    • @kylesantos8401
      @kylesantos8401 หลายเดือนก่อน

      Hey, I'm also a CS student and learning electronics stuff on the side. Have you considered doing Comp Engineering? Or are you sticking with CS?

  • @johnnyairways
    @johnnyairways หลายเดือนก่อน +2

    you should be commended.
    one of the best videos, well documented snd great explanations i have ever watched on this and related subject.
    A JOB WELL DONE. THANK YOU

  • @cajuncoinhunter
    @cajuncoinhunter 9 วันที่ผ่านมา

    I'm glad you made this video .... I have been trying to tell a friend of mine the difference between a pot and a rheostat ........ I didn't even think about using my lab supply like you did ........ Merci encore'

  • @OfficialScamBusters
    @OfficialScamBusters 28 วันที่ผ่านมา +2

    Best explanation video ever❤❤❤❤

  • @riley1636
    @riley1636 หลายเดือนก่อน

    This is the best resistor video ive ever watched.

  • @hansplourde
    @hansplourde หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    all right!
    Now that was a great piece of information that finally helped me see the big picture for what it is.
    I knew some of this but without confidence because I wasn't sure if I had it right and now after learning the different types and what they really do and even how they are build ... the haze of mystery that usually comes around them leaves place to a bright and clear view on these electronic components
    Thank you guys, I'm looking forward to similar videos on caps, mosfets, relays etc

  • @-sturmfalke-
    @-sturmfalke- หลายเดือนก่อน

    This video covers everything, even examples in hardware at a high resolution. My hat is off, also for providing this knowledge for free. This video goes into my "electronics" playlist for when I need to refresh my memory.

  • @OfficialScamBusters
    @OfficialScamBusters 28 วันที่ผ่านมา +2

    Love your book too; you really put your heart to it

  • @JamieBainbridge
    @JamieBainbridge 29 วันที่ผ่านมา

    Seeing the multimeter probe move around the potentiometer was certainly a 💡 moment. Great demonstration.

  • @coachsmith50
    @coachsmith50 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    Great Video!! Concise and entertaining. Info dense without filler but easy to understand and follow. Subscribed and will be ordering both the mug and guide for support. Thanks for your work. I am intrigued by the vast applications of the Arduinos and am wading into these electronic components. This was by far the best video about resistors and how they work.

  • @SRG-Learn-Makers
    @SRG-Learn-Makers หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    Really great video, packed with great info in a very informative way. I can't yoink it enough. Thanks for sharing.

  • @Davis38
    @Davis38 หลายเดือนก่อน +4

    Very underrated, awesome video, thank you!

    • @james_gatlin
      @james_gatlin  หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      Much appreciated!

  • @tt3233
    @tt3233 19 วันที่ผ่านมา

    Thanks for this guide. I know just a little bit about this stuff. You answered some questions I've had about the differences between type and resistance.

  • @vicvict4172
    @vicvict4172 หลายเดือนก่อน

    I was looking for videos like this kinda like electronics for dummies . Easy for me to learn

  • @alreadydead86
    @alreadydead86 27 วันที่ผ่านมา

    Thank you for taking the time to make such a detailed video. This was very helpful as I am trying to learn circuit design and repair my own broken electronics.

  • @whoarewefoolin9463
    @whoarewefoolin9463 22 วันที่ผ่านมา

    This is a very well done video. Bravo! Good job and thx

  • @ChillBoy-rk7ms
    @ChillBoy-rk7ms หลายเดือนก่อน

    I've learned a lot in this video, subscribed. amazing video to see that you worked months on doing this

  • @FirstTry379
    @FirstTry379 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Wow,this is a great tutorial on resistors.

  • @paulromsky9527
    @paulromsky9527 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Top notch content and documents... looks like something I did for resistors. Great job, gave you a like.

  • @muddassirsheeraz
    @muddassirsheeraz 21 วันที่ผ่านมา

    Incredible information thanks

  • @kylewarner7817
    @kylewarner7817 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Thank you so much for making this video. I’ve wanted an explanation exactly like this for quite some time. I’ve been building guitar pedals and want to understand how everything incorporated makes them work. Super helpful, Cheers 🤙

  • @kacey00
    @kacey00 หลายเดือนก่อน

    great valuable information!! keep up the good work 🙏❤

  • @bachoulekikoune
    @bachoulekikoune หลายเดือนก่อน +3

    thanks for this professionally made video, i didnt even know half of these resistors existed

  • @danishdart
    @danishdart 26 วันที่ผ่านมา

    Great video with in-depth details others would leave out. Especially the potentiometer was well explained for me. Please do transistors next. I would 100% buy a transistor mug.

  • @TaajirTimo-go6pp
    @TaajirTimo-go6pp หลายเดือนก่อน

    You are better than all those i watched

  • @immanuvelmariyasusai4317
    @immanuvelmariyasusai4317 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    Great Video very Informative thanks

  • @RomanBartocci
    @RomanBartocci หลายเดือนก่อน

    Dude! Great explainer … I hope you do more on other components , please!

  • @aarontyrrell2931
    @aarontyrrell2931 20 วันที่ผ่านมา

    Awesome video!!

  • @teach2985
    @teach2985 22 วันที่ผ่านมา

    Thank u so much for yr work!

  • @robertlawson8572
    @robertlawson8572 24 วันที่ผ่านมา

    Magical video... I have thousands of 14 watt resistors from my hobby days... They cost little, yet aren't that simple (I now know)... I had a Russian built transistorised clock radio in the early 70s... it was antiquated in its construction, with uninsulated wire coiled round resistors in places. I thought back then the reason was a lack of proper value resistors... They may have been inductors...

  • @FirealarmJae
    @FirealarmJae 24 วันที่ผ่านมา +1

    great video ❤

  • @chrisegonsearlemusic
    @chrisegonsearlemusic หลายเดือนก่อน +3

    That was very useful. Thanks! 🙏

  • @ChadDoebelin
    @ChadDoebelin หลายเดือนก่อน

    great! I learned a few new things today! you're awesome!

  • @johndavidknoxjr1001
    @johndavidknoxjr1001 17 วันที่ผ่านมา

    WOW GREAT WORK!!!!!

  • @cedrickpaulgutierrez8034
    @cedrickpaulgutierrez8034 หลายเดือนก่อน

    thanks for making this video, i really love it!

  • @MiataGuy81
    @MiataGuy81 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Excellent video, Thanks!

  • @stoatystoat174
    @stoatystoat174 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    Intresting to see inside the resistors. had not occured to me to wander what was there.

  • @almustafa9949
    @almustafa9949 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Amazing video, thank you so much ♥️

  • @GeorgeZ213
    @GeorgeZ213 หลายเดือนก่อน +4

    Only the older 'roundies' are unstable. You make it sound like all carbon composition resistors are

  • @SpenceReam
    @SpenceReam หลายเดือนก่อน

    Fantastic video ✨💡✨

  • @user-oe2bx8me8q
    @user-oe2bx8me8q 17 วันที่ผ่านมา

    I just joined subbed keep the good video going Teacher im in love it

  • @therealeffingdeal
    @therealeffingdeal หลายเดือนก่อน +2

    This should be required watching/reading for quite literally anyone who every opened anything electrical in nature and wondered how it worked. Well done. Up next... Transistors, Diodes and Capacitors OH MY!

  • @deathhaulin2320
    @deathhaulin2320 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Just bought the book looks very nice

  • @bharatfirst100
    @bharatfirst100 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Great vedio❤, subscribed already need more vedios like this

  • @Wali-jt8lj
    @Wali-jt8lj 3 วันที่ผ่านมา

    Thanks Bro 👍

  • @JP-jc9fb
    @JP-jc9fb หลายเดือนก่อน +5

    Can we get a capacitor video

  • @onionknight2239
    @onionknight2239 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    Subscribed. Great video 👍

  • @navoJ
    @navoJ หลายเดือนก่อน

    cool video glad i found it in ocean of videos

  • @ronniepirtlejr2606
    @ronniepirtlejr2606 หลายเดือนก่อน +2

    Could you please give us a full demonstration on how to properly use a oscilloscope?
    Thank you!
    New subscriber!
    PS I purchased your digital resistor guide.👍

    • @james_gatlin
      @james_gatlin  หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      Thanks!!, good video ideas.

    • @martinkuliza
      @martinkuliza หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      What type of Oscilloscope ?

    • @ronniepirtlejr2606
      @ronniepirtlejr2606 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      @@martinkuliza I have a semi older Siglent SDS1102CML+ digital storage oscilloscope 100 MHz 1GS a/s
      Thank you!

    • @ronniepirtlejr2606
      @ronniepirtlejr2606 หลายเดือนก่อน

      ​@@james_gatlin​ I have a semi older Siglent SDS1102CML+ digital storage oscilloscope 100 MHz 1GS a/s
      Thanks!

  • @Nova-ez8wg
    @Nova-ez8wg หลายเดือนก่อน +2

    Nice man

  • @Vintaronica
    @Vintaronica หลายเดือนก่อน

    Wow good refresh there 😅

  • @engineer0111
    @engineer0111 17 วันที่ผ่านมา

    Starting with this would be more informative:What is meant by resistor?
    A resistor is an electrical component that limits or regulates the flow of electrical current in an electronic circuit. Resistors can also be used to provide a specific voltage for an active device such as a transistor.

  • @andreydoichinov1683
    @andreydoichinov1683 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    I hope you will make more videos about electronics. Subscribed.

  • @citricdemon
    @citricdemon หลายเดือนก่อน

    Damn dude, nice document. I've written my own one of those, so i know how hard it is
    Nice mug too. Its just pretty.

  • @totallyistimmy
    @totallyistimmy หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    This was a beautiful and informative video, keep it up, +1 subscriber

  • @KYLE_FROM_THE_FUTURE
    @KYLE_FROM_THE_FUTURE หลายเดือนก่อน

    Thank you !!!

  • @keenowl1410
    @keenowl1410 27 วันที่ผ่านมา

    Awesome

  • @MorrisLiveProductions
    @MorrisLiveProductions 22 วันที่ผ่านมา

    love it

  • @ancientlink0
    @ancientlink0 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    Very good, should get more views

  • @willythebluebear
    @willythebluebear 29 วันที่ผ่านมา

    Very interresting. Thank you. you know what sucks when you like electronics? being coloblind like i am.

  • @krevyt
    @krevyt หลายเดือนก่อน +3

    Can you do different transistor types next? Thanks🙏

    • @SharvilSawargaonkar
      @SharvilSawargaonkar หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      To my knowledge there are only two npn,pnp

    • @james_gatlin
      @james_gatlin  หลายเดือนก่อน +5

      Not only NPN and PNP, those are Bipolar Junction Transistors, however there are FETs transistors, and IGBTs transistors, theres much more to be said, potentially a future video, thanks for the suggestion.

  • @Dskrib
    @Dskrib หลายเดือนก่อน

    I subbed pretty quickly. I like the vibe and teaching style. Do you have a plan for this channel, or is it more whatever interests you at the time? The upload history seems centered around diy/repair.

    • @james_gatlin
      @james_gatlin  หลายเดือนก่อน

      Unfortunately no plan at the moment, it will be mostly diy and repair explanations from now on, but at the moment im bouncing around different trades, as opposed to focusing on just one.

  • @mcrotbot
    @mcrotbot หลายเดือนก่อน +2

    just bought the books pdf would love a hard copy?. awesome content!

    • @james_gatlin
      @james_gatlin  หลายเดือนก่อน +2

      Working on it, but i haven’t been able to find a supplier of good enough quality. Thanks!!!

    • @ronniepirtlejr2606
      @ronniepirtlejr2606 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      So would I!👍

  • @akhtaralimalik989
    @akhtaralimalik989 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    How can I download this Excellent chart/ book ?
    I love this video ❤
    Five Stars ⭐️ my thanks 🙏

  • @idonjohnson6999
    @idonjohnson6999 หลายเดือนก่อน

    I would need to be the sole watcher of this video to understand them better than anyone else.

    • @james_gatlin
      @james_gatlin  หลายเดือนก่อน

      Or maybe just pay the most attention.

    • @idonjohnson6999
      @idonjohnson6999 หลายเดือนก่อน

      @@james_gatlin impossible to measure. Amount of views is right there.

    • @james_gatlin
      @james_gatlin  หลายเดือนก่อน

      @@idonjohnson6999 You can't measure, but theoretically, someone has to be the person to have payed the most attention, regardless of the number of people.

    • @idonjohnson6999
      @idonjohnson6999 หลายเดือนก่อน

      @@james_gatlin yes but you can never know who that one is. Even if you are the one.

  • @rexisretro
    @rexisretro หลายเดือนก่อน +2

    Hes back

  • @khalidoubihi8657
    @khalidoubihi8657 15 วันที่ผ่านมา

    How you can not give this video a like ❤

  • @fabio-franco
    @fabio-franco หลายเดือนก่อน

    Well earned coffee for the guide. Hard to find condensed info on them (try getting all of it from the art of electronics book). Hope more comes up, looking forward to a diode and capacitor video and guide.
    I have one question though. I have some buck converters which feature this trim pode with a lead screw. Not sure if cheap China construction or something to do with the trimpod.
    Sometimes I turn them and turn and turn but nothing changes.
    What happens as you keep turning as there are no hard limits. My assumption is that it will loop around, but is that detrimental to the integrity of the trimpod?

    • @james_gatlin
      @james_gatlin  หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      Buck converters should output a change in voltage as the Trimpot is turned, (make sure there is no load on the device when testing) its quite common for cheap trimpot wipers to get dislodged with to many turns, it may need to be replaced.

    • @fabio-franco
      @fabio-franco หลายเดือนก่อน

      @@james_gatlin thanks for answering. I have a pack of 10 of them. 4 already presented this problem (no load while turning, just multimeter and power source), that's why I asked, because I keep turning them until I see a voltage change, but they seem to fail fairly easily,.so I was wondering if I was bricking them or if just low quality. 3 of them stop stepping down the voltage to and one didn't change voltage anymore. They are supposed to reset, after a full course right?

    • @james_gatlin
      @james_gatlin  หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      ​@@fabio-franco Yes, it should either reach a limit, or do a full turn and reset.

  • @GiC7
    @GiC7 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Thanks

  • @RoysIdea
    @RoysIdea หลายเดือนก่อน

    I get the impression that resistors are often some sort of wire wound. This is also the impression I have of inductors. How does this influence the way we use these wire wound resistors?

  • @JACKHARRINGTON
    @JACKHARRINGTON หลายเดือนก่อน

    We were playing with resistors in a 6-10V circuit during high school Physics, and I always wondered why the resistors ran warm.

  • @GoldSrc_
    @GoldSrc_ หลายเดือนก่อน

    Metal film resistors are sometimes harder to read their color bands due to their blue paint.
    I would suggest you tone down the wobbliness of your component drawings though, it feels like that style doesn't work too well when trying to represent component symbols.

  • @jamisontaylor878
    @jamisontaylor878 หลายเดือนก่อน

    K great video but you forgot some important material! The content of silver and platinum will be helpful to a much bigger audience ty

  • @Ipsissimus
    @Ipsissimus หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    I couldn't Resist bookmarking this video.
    😬

  • @martinkuliza
    @martinkuliza หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    This was a decent video, Honestly i expected to see bullshit as you mostly do.
    BUT NO... AS AN ENGINEER, I APPROVE THIS VIDEO, It actually was very good, Very accurate and in depth. Well Done

  • @xlr555usa
    @xlr555usa 20 วันที่ผ่านมา

    I had bricked the first gen Samsung Galaxy phone that ran Gingerbread Android (2.3). I used ohm resistors that touched the mini usb port and the phone booted into Safe Mode and I was succesful in restoring Android.

  • @aliahmedkhan9334
    @aliahmedkhan9334 หลายเดือนก่อน

    The video feels like from great Scott haha

  • @MN-Hillbilly
    @MN-Hillbilly หลายเดือนก่อน

    Cool video. How about adding how the values in a series is determined. That was one thing I always wondered about. I was on a large public works project doing communications integration. One of the "engineers" submitted a test procedure to test the validity of an analog input to a PLC for an unimportant task like high/low temp or something. The procedure called for placing a 500 ohm resister across the inputs. Well 500 ohms is not a standard value the closes being 480 ohms. I said I will use two 1k resistors in parallel. Nope, our procedure called for a single 500 ohm resistor. We had to get two specially made, one for testing and the other for reference. I think it was like $800.

    • @allanknox8216
      @allanknox8216 หลายเดือนก่อน

      Whoever wrote or interpreted your procedure was a moron.

  • @JackElectrician
    @JackElectrician หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    🔥🔥⚡⚡⚡🔥🔥

  • @mistaowickkuh6249
    @mistaowickkuh6249 หลายเดือนก่อน +5

    Pro tip: You can parallel bigger resistors to achieve the smaller value you want and that way you can handle a little more heat and power.

  • @martinkuliza
    @martinkuliza หลายเดือนก่อน

    14:12 Hey James.... I have a question
    Your logo GATLIN on the mug , Why is there a square bit taken out of the G and the Li
    Did the printing house stuff up or something ?

    • @james_gatlin
      @james_gatlin  หลายเดือนก่อน

      No haha, that’s the design of it.

    • @martinkuliza
      @martinkuliza หลายเดือนก่อน

      @@james_gatlin
      LOL, Oh ok
      i do like your mug, i have a fetish for mugs, but i didn't want to buy it if it had a printing defect.
      anyway... So i'm happy to get your mug but someone in the comment section mentioned you don't ship to your Australia (Sydney)
      SAY IT AIN'T SO
      What's the deal with that, is that correct or not ?
      or... Are you just Mug Racist against aussies :P

    • @james_gatlin
      @james_gatlin  หลายเดือนก่อน

      I wish i could, its to expensive to ship. But im looking into my options.

    • @martinkuliza
      @martinkuliza หลายเดือนก่อน

      @@james_gatlin
      HYPOTHETICAL QUESTION...
      Because i don't believe in "too much" i believe in "How much"
      so my question is if i was to cover the "too much for shipping" would you ship it to me ? also if you like i can provide you my email address if this needs to be done off the channel. The point is... I WANT THAT BLOODY MUG MATE LMFAO
      I actually want 2 of them
      What do we need to do to make this happen so i can be the first Aussie to get one LOL

    • @james_gatlin
      @james_gatlin  หลายเดือนก่อน

      Well make it happen, ill look into it, thanks for the comments, ill let you know if we could sort out shipping

  • @TacoDaddy-mr8ig
    @TacoDaddy-mr8ig หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    Is that guide book available as a hard copy?

    • @james_gatlin
      @james_gatlin  หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      Not available, but it prints at the correct scale in any printer.

  • @mekkertroniker2002
    @mekkertroniker2002 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Es gibt nichts ohne Widerstand. Alles ist prinzipiell ein Widerstand, diese Bauteile aber kompakt und gewollt

  • @raloed.363
    @raloed.363 หลายเดือนก่อน

    So hear me out. If i put 100 1/2 watt 1kohm resistors in parralel, dont i get an equivalent 50 watt 10 ohm resistor?

    • @james_gatlin
      @james_gatlin  หลายเดือนก่อน

      🤔…….. yes and no, you can divide the dissipation across many resistors, but that many resistors will heat up the neighboring resistors, have unpredictable impedance, and reduce the power capacity, though not entirely, perhaps in this example you’ll get a 35-40 watt capacity.

  • @akhtaralimalik989
    @akhtaralimalik989 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    Where can I get this resistor Guide ?

    • @james_gatlin
      @james_gatlin  หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      Hi David, it’s the first link in the description of the video.

  • @danielmiller2886
    @danielmiller2886 หลายเดือนก่อน

    "Bad boys .... our young girls but violet gives willingly"
    If you know, you know

  • @CharlesHess
    @CharlesHess 27 วันที่ผ่านมา

    Still a bit stuck on the pot vs rheostat.

  • @zaynsarasa
    @zaynsarasa หลายเดือนก่อน

    I know this is a week ago; but I’ll just make it easy to understand: thingamagig that makes current slower so it makes it lower power.

  • @jameslovie
    @jameslovie 29 วันที่ผ่านมา

    How could I resist!

  • @KangJangkrik
    @KangJangkrik หลายเดือนก่อน

    6:35 "SMD resistors are impossible by hand"
    Nah man.. replacing SMD resistor is one of my daily job, and it's still possible with pinset, not always specialized machine

  • @bv3713
    @bv3713 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    Great informative video! And super sexy common curve plot @ 9:45.

  • @theleftymonster
    @theleftymonster หลายเดือนก่อน

    👏👏👏👌🇨🇦