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The Manchester Baby was actually the first to use stored programs in 1948. I feel like computer history is often told in an Amerocentric framing, but these big advances were made in the UK first.
@@torstenkersten8566 Thanks! I didn’t know about Zuse. Though, it didnn’t use stored programs (the key point here), it loaded them from punched film, and also didn’t have conditional branching. It was designed for a single purpose, but deemed to be “turing complete” but only barely, if you do some fancy math to prove it technically capable of solving problems in a round about way.
As the other comments in this forum point out, the "invention of the computer" was far more complex than two men "meeting at a train station". Several countries produced men and women who made important contributions leading to today's computers. Everyone wants to "take credit for the invention of the computer". It's not that simple. So many different people made contributions including Tesla who set up the AC current electrical system.
Tesla neither invented nor "set up" Alternating Current, he invented the Induction Motor which made Alternating Current viable for more than lighting. And 3-Phase transmission as used today as a World standard was developed in Germany, Tesla's 3-phase proposal was radically different as it used like 3 neutral wires instead of balancing out the load like the Dolivo-Dobrolowski model used across the world today. Which ties in neatly to the subject actually, the story of invention is far more complex than some people make it out to be, and it's actually pretty offensive to boil down the invention of the computer to two Jews meeting at train station.
@@abrahamedelstein4806 - That's why I appreciate and enjoy James Burke's television series "Connections". Contributions to technologies that we take for granted today came from the weirdest sources and are often spread over centuries.
The inventor of the modern computer can be traced right back to the U.K and Charles Babbage, who created the very first computer called the difference engine in the 1820s. He then went on to design a far more complex computer in 1837, called the analytical engine, which today’s computers are based, but due to funding it wasn’t constructed until 1991 at the London Science Museum.
It would be nice if a little research was done. A simple Google search would have uncovered some facts, like Charles Babbage (along with Ada Lovelace) and Konrad Zuse predated these. Apparently they only meant American computers (big surprise in documenting "history").
I believe the following is roughly correct: In Britain in 1837 Charles Babbage designed the first computer, the Analytical engine, that was later determined to be a programmable, Turing-complete computer (~= general purpose). It was mechanical but was never built. In Germany during WW2 in 1941 Konrad Zuse constructed the first functioning programmable, Turing-complete computer, the Z3. It was electro-mechanical (used phone switches). It was destroyed in a WW2 bombing raid of Berlin. In Britain during WW2 in 1943 Tommy Flowers built Colossus. It was the first programmable, electronic computer but it was not Turing-complete. In the US during WW2 in 1945 the ENIAC was built by Mauchly and Eckert. It was the first programmable, electronic, Turing-complete machine. In the US EDVAC was built in 1949. It was the first programmable, electronic, Turing-complete, stored-program machine. The design was formally proposed by Von-Neumann and built by Mauchly and Eckert. This is the basis for all of today's computers: Turing-complete (that is, general purpose), electronic, and programmable with an in-memory stored-program. It is called the "Von Neumann Architecture".
charles babbage computer was not as useful as the eniac . eniac is completely different from analytical engine and alot more practical and useful. so credit goes to von neuman. its sad to see that charles babbage was mentioned in our cs text books but not von neuman or alan turing
lol, how far they would be, without a German called Leipniz! and as usual, forget about Conrad Zuse, his computer from 1943 got a keyboard while the rest had to move plugs for programming... what is wrong with the English...if a Scot invents something, he is not a Scot, he is a Brit.. if a English invents something, he is an English... i wonder why it is this way....i assume the English are special.... but can you tell me why they are??
Th first computer using programs storer im memory was built by Konrad Zuse 1943 in Berlin. It was the Z2 which used telephone relays as store units. His next computers were based on electron tubes. 1971 I had the opportunity to play on a Z22 at the RWTH university in Aachen which was the first transistored series of Zuse.
@@f.n8581 I consider numerical algorithms more important than program control, which Hollerith had with patch cables decades earlier, and Babbage had figured out for software in the previous century.
Unfortunately he didn't, no. I was taught that at college too, but the history of the programmable computer goes way back to 1936: at the same time Turing was working on his, Konrad Zuse was already using his computer! And it ran on punched tape, none of this hard-wired looms and rotating drums... Although it used relays (slow but reliable) instead of vacuum tubes (fast but hot, power-hungry and failure-prone). Tommy Flowers did brilliant engineering work, but the Germans were ahead of us in theory and engineering. Thankfully none of their hierarchy recognized its importance...
@@Dranok1 He did say "electronic". I often get confused about computer history because there are a lot of specific words that need to be defined. I believe "electronic" means vacuum tubes or later so the z1 to z4 weren't electronic because they used relays so they were "electromechanical". According to wikipedia "Colossus is thus regarded[2] as the world's first programmable, electronic, digital computer, although it was programmed by switches and plugs and not by a stored program.[3]"
@@ericmollison2760 correct! Thank you for paying attention! Historian Tom Haigh has papers on 'firsts' in computer science on his website. He addresses all this in a couple of them. We don't use electromechanical computers and the Z3 'stored' programs on punched tape--not in internal memory! This is a wholly different approach. Imagine if we did that today! The MODERN computer--that is the one we almost all use--descends from the EDVAC report, 'the birth certificate of the modern computer'.
@@Dranok1 Well, Collossus served to defeat Germany, so despite whatever Zuse's computer might or might not have been capable of, it wasn't good enough to save Germany from defeat by Collossus.
It at least was a major stepping stone. One of the usual criteria for the first modern computer is being turing complete. Which none really is because turing completeness requires infinite memory. The Z3 also had no branching so had to compute all possible outcomes then pick a result. So it was a major development and Mr Zuse would deserve some more credit for his work - but at the same time it wasn't quite there yet. Btw. standard question in the oral undergrad exam "Is computer X turing complete?". The correct answer is no because as mentioned above turing completeness requires infinite memory. Which we still haven't gotten any closer to.
@@meesalikeu That is something different. Basically to pass the Turing test a computer (software) needs to be chatting to a user who doesn't know if he's chatting with a human or a computer that it is a human There is no strict definition how this test should be performed. As such it arguably is mostly of philosophical importance. Turing completeness is a rigidly defined model for powerfulness of a computer architecture or programming language. Basically it describes which problems can be solved by a computer or programming language.
funny moment showing Steve Jobs while saying in narration that electronic computers are public domain , because apple computer corporation has multiple times tried to patent concepts that would immobilize competition that has had the technologies for years before Apple put them together on smart phones and tablets... interesting.
Fun fact, from that book: We as humanity have made more transistors than any other manufactured good in sum total in the history of our species, by many orders of magnitude. I'm a computer engineering student.. If any of you are really interested in the origins of computing- and how it got to where it is now- I highly recommend the book chip war. Not only does it go over the meaning of the title in modern terms, it starts at the very origins of the computing paradigm and lays out the state of things very competently. Right now in my degree, I am learning how to design integrated circuits (chips) from the CMOS transistor on up on an older nm process. The levels of complexity are baffling to me..
It would be best to give due primary credit to George Boole, whose 1854 book "The laws of Thought" is the singular true milestone work that presented and developed the novel idea that there can be and is a formal mathematics of operational principles by which reasoning is performed, This fundamental work led geniuses such as Von Neumann, Shannon, Pitts, Ashby, McCullogh, Norbert Wiener and Turing to lay the foundations for development of computers. Prior to Boole the basic concept underlying computing was based entirely on developing increasingly ingenious and sophisticated mechanical devices, contraptions and calculators ranging from the simplicity of the abacus to Charles Babbage's analytical engine, rather than laying any true foundation for contemporary computers which stems from the evolution of Boole's application of the intangible mathematics of mental thought processes rather than tangible mechanical devices.
It was Tommy Flowers that designed and built Collosus during WW2 to decypher encrypted German messages.The details were passed to the Americans for the Bombe machines and Collosus which was destroyed on orders from Churchill. Fortunately, enough info was salvaged to build another Collosus for the museum years later.
@@marksterling8286And you seem to have missed out the earlier history of the Computer in Germany 😉 The Z3 was a German eletromechanical Computer designed by Konrad Zuse in 1938, and completed in 1941. It was the Worlds first Computer working programmable, fully automatic digital Computer !!
The first modern digital computer was the Atanasoff-Berry Computer, the ABC. It was not EDVAC! and thanks to that fact the pattern of EDVAC was canceled which allows now everyone to be able to make digital computers, otherwise only one company was going to able to make digital computers.
Twaddle. This is american washing history. ENIAC in 1945 required manual reconfiguration for each new task. It wasn’t until 1948, that ENIAC was modified to include a primitive form of a stored-program capability, but it still did not fully embody the modern stored-program concept. The first true stored-program computer was generally considered to be the Manchester Small-Scale Experimental Machine (SSEM) in 1948, followed by other machines that implemented the von Neumann architecture.
I have read von Neumann's early papers. Any programmer or computer technician would understand them. Here is the obvious thing though. When he wrote these papers, computers did not exist. He imagined this entire complex technology in his mind. That is astounding! It is genius. For me to say "anyone understands it now" is like saying Shakespeare's plays are full of cliches. von Neumann had training in engineering. When the team of experts were building one of the first stored program computers at the Institute for Advanced Study, the IAS machine, they often came to him with difficult technical problems. He quickly proposed practical solutions. He made direct, hands-on contributions to the technology.
That would be a nice fantasy if it weren't laughing wrong in its most important detail! There were many different versions of computing technology before vom Neumann's work, indeed the first working _programmable_ computer was running in Germany in 1936, made by Konrad Zuse, well known in computing history, and only slightly less famous than Turning's design that the British government stupidly _gave_ to the USA near the end of the war that actually lead directly to the design of your early computer engineering, for the Americans to promptly claim as the first. They got away with it only because our stupid government chose to classify all the wartime work as top secret, and Tommy Flowers and Alan Turning remained obscure for 50 years allowing "them over there with all the money" to corner the world market on yet another genius invention that that they had nothing to do with, like 80% of the all the world's useful inventions... (Electricity "ooh we invented that didn't we?" The light build "ooh we invented that too!" The TV "ooh that was definitely one of ours!" The motorcar "now that was definitely ours!" The telephone "that one's got to be us!" Fibre optics "now I know that one's ours!" You'd even claim the sailing ship and steam engine if you thought you could get away with it. Nope, none of it, it all came from other countries and you lot are never taught about the work of other nations, or probably that a of them are real...)
"Zuse Z III" built in Germany before 1944 was the first fully programmable computer. With The orginal one destroyed by allied bombers Konrad Zuse built an exact copy, which is still alive and well in the "Deutsches Museum" Munich. Von Neumann was second only to Einstein as a genius, but here he can only claim the silver medal.
There is no question von Neumann was a magnificent genius and his development of the stored program and associated memory architecture was a leap forward; saying essentially he invented the computer simply skips over generations of others whose contributions enabled his final steps. My professor, Norman Martin, is considered by many the founder of first software company, and he determined the superiority of silicon vs switching core for RAM during the same time period as von Neumann was working. I don't recall if Martin worked with von Neumann, but I expect he did.
No mention of Maurice Wilkes at Cambridge who designed the EDSAC, inspired by the Princeton meeting which Wilkes attended, which ran its first program in 1949, or the Manchester “Baby” which ran its first program in 1948, both of which predated the EDVAC.
....and boy, did it prove its worth! Whatever Konrad Zuse had - or anybody else, it was Bletchley Park's maths whiz-kids and machines like Tommy Flowers' vacuum tube computer that cracked the German enigma and lorenz machines - yes and the U-boat version too! Hollywood paints that as an American feat but nope - the credit goes to the brilliant Bletchley Park team, whose fantastic feats were kept secret for 50 years after the end of the war, while others claimed to have been first to produce an electronic digital computer.
@@fbloggs Keep secret for 50 years yeah maybe in you dreams you delusional Liar 😂😂 The Worlds first Computer working, programmable, fully automatic digital Computer was invented by Konrad Zuse in 1941 !!
The world's first stored program computer was the Manchester (UK) BABY. Don't take my word for it, check with the IEEE - the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers. They awarded BABY a plaque to confirm this in 2022.
Well Done. I grew up and worked at APG as a kid in high school Had no idea Von Neuman was a visitor. FYI. The former Penn Central station now Amtrak station is still used
@@allanshpeley4284 I am proud of it because Hungarian scientists and inventors enriched the world with many important inventions. Read on to see how many decisive things we Hungarians have invented, without which the world would not be the way we know it today. And in this way, we Hungarians can immerse ourselves even more in the "national self-consciousness" in order to invent even more important things.
Having John von Neumann on the thumb nail of this video shows it's serious. John von Neumann is more well known for his stunning contributions to mathematics (I'm MSc mathematics) and physics. There is a dedicated wikipedia-page to all things named after von Neumann. He's one of my favorite mathematicians.
@@redman_the_man I dont understand it. This is a fact and it has been recognized that Konrad Zuse is the founder, yet the anglo-saxon media doesnt want to accept. Are the jealous ??
I have seen the birth of computers. Programmable computers always would have been the result of the evolving technology. As many point out below, this was not just a bright idea from someone or a sudden lucky discovery. An enormous amount of people made contributions to the hardware and software we have today.
As others have mentioned, it was Boole to Shannon to ENIAC. An important point is that Shannon (and Harvard/IBM with the Mark 1/2/3 computers) worked with relays as the switching element, and that vacuum tubes are at least 1,000 times faster. Another question is memory technology (core memory was still a long way away). I suspect that the reason ENIAC wasn't programmable is that you'd need one vacuum tube for each bit of memory, and that Von Neumann's real brilliance was realizing that it was worth it to use that extremely expensive memory for programs.
“I have always taken the position that there is enough credit for everyone in the invention and development of the electronic computer.” John Vincent Atanasoff
Nope it was the UK first with Babbage in the 1820s and then later in 1943 when Colossus was created although it was kept secret so some books will say the US did it first in 1944 but its not true.
Colossus no one had made a fully electronic general purpose computing device. And that was the charm of the eniac. It's variability was brilliant for the time while there were not any viable random Access memory devices to hold instructions.
1. We are talking about the first fully Electronic Computer and not the first who theorize a Computer 2. The Z3 was a German Electromechanical Computer designed by Konrad Zuse in 1938, and completed in 1941. It was the World first Computer working programmable, fully automatic Computer !! So basically a German named Konrad Zuse invented the first Computer !! And that Britain keep the Computer for 50 years secret is just another Ridiculous lie from Brits !
The abacus was one of the first mechanical computing device. An abacus with a digital readout could be constructed relatively simply by electrically sensing the position of the beads in conjunction with simple electronic chips.
To my knowledge the first computers where used for programming patterns for mechanised Looms, later not Charles Babbage but Ada Lovelace laid the foundation for the modern computers based on this. It was to be combined with the difference machine of Charles Babbage, which could possibly be Ada's work, but at the time women did not have the status to pull this off...
The most amazing thing about computers is how fast the development have been. It really wasn't that long ago and what we have today is just mind boggling when you consider what they worked with then.
Have you not heard of Alan Turing, or Colossus the first programmable electronic computer, well before eniac, used to decode the german communications in the second world war?
This video failed to mention to the role of the MIT railroad club. Much of the switching theory that computers use was developed by the MIT railroad club using model trains and tracks. This caused a great controversy in the club. The question arose, "Are we a railroad club or a computer club?" This group made major contributions to the development of gates.
It was a bad decision to invalidate the eniac from the atanasoff berry computer. In my estimation there was very little substance to that computer that the eniac actually borrowed from. The most remarkable thing about the eniac is how it was architected to run at full speed where is the machine methods in the atanasoff computer were very slow. What was remarkable about the atanasoff computer was it static memory drum which the eniac didn't even use.
Giving so little mention of Alan Turing over in England and the great machines assembled at Bletchley Park this piece of junk does a great disservice to both Turing, and a dissercice to the study of the history of the computers. you know, they don't call it the Von Neumann award. the best award in Computing is called the Turing award, for a reason. no Turing, no modern computing. His unbelievable the original Concepts in Computer Logic and software are how the whole thing began he was a mathematician he also was a homosexual and when he was found out most tragically he killed himself at middle age of course he would have done so much more but those were the times he killed himself
No he didnt it was a electro machanical device not fully electronic , colossus was designed an built by Tommy Flowers was reliable and was running in 1943 at Bletchley Park UK it was used to break the Lorenz Cypher an upgraded version of the Enigma Machine
@@rodd1000 Babbage began in 1822 with what he called the difference engine, made to compute values of polynomial functions. It was created to calculate a series of values automatically. By using the method of finite differences, it was possible to avoid the need for multiplication and division. For a prototype difference engine, Babbage brought in Joseph Clement to implement the design, in 1823. Clement worked to high standards, but his machine tools were particularly elaborate. Under the standard terms of business of the time, he could charge for their construction, and would also own them. He and Babbage fell out over costs around 1831. Some parts of the prototype survive in the Museum of the History of Science, Oxford. This prototype evolved into the "first difference engine". It remained unfinished and the finished portion is located at the Science Museum in London. This first difference engine would have been composed of around 25,000 parts, weighed fifteen short tons (13,600 kg), and would have been 8 ft (2.4 m) tall. Although Babbage received ample funding for the project, it was never completed. He later (1847-1849) produced detailed drawings for an improved version,"Difference Engine No. 2", but did not receive funding from the British government. His design was finally constructed in 1989-1991, using his plans and 19th-century manufacturing tolerances. It performed its first calculation at the Science Museum, London, returning results to 31 digits.[citation needed] Nine years later, in 2000, the Science Museum completed the printer Babbage had designed for the difference engine.
@@rodd1000 Babbage began in 1822 with what he called the difference engine, made to compute values of polynomial functions. It was created to calculate a series of values automatically. By using the method of finite differences, it was possible to avoid the need for multiplication and division. For a prototype difference engine, Babbage brought in Joseph Clement to implement the design, in 1823. Clement worked to high standards, but his machine tools were particularly elaborate. Under the standard terms of business of the time, he could charge for their construction, and would also own them. He and Babbage fell out over costs around 1831. Some parts of the prototype survive in the Museum of the History of Science, Oxford. This prototype evolved into the "first difference engine". It remained unfinished and the finished portion is located at the Science Museum in London. This first difference engine would have been composed of around 25,000 parts, weighed fifteen short tons (13,600 kg), and would have been 8 ft (2.4 m) tall. Although Babbage received ample funding for the project, it was never completed. He later (1847-1849) produced detailed drawings for an improved version,"Difference Engine No. 2", but did not receive funding from the British government. His design was finally constructed in 1989-1991, using his plans and 19th-century manufacturing tolerances. It performed its first calculation at the Science Museum, London, returning results to 31 digits.[citation needed] Nine years later, in 2000, the Science Museum completed the printer Babbage had designed for the difference engine.
@@rodd1000We are Talking about the first fully Electronic Computer and not the first one who theorize a Computer 😂 and the first one who invented the Computer was Konrad Zuse !
No they didn't there wasn't much to steal from there. Perhaps pieces of some combinational logic at most. The charm of the eniac was its massive design all kinds of complex math the ability to run most any algorithm. The antennas off computer could only do one type of problem.
Yes and no. Both Z1 and Z3 were not Turing-complete (Z3 could be fugded to be, in a way, but that was only discovered much later). Zuse's machines were what would we today would call Harvard architecture. They had separate memories for code and data. And because these separate memory (perforated film strips for code) Zuse first overlooked the idea of loops. But Zuse's machines used binary from the start. The ENIAC however was Turing-complete, it could do some kind of recursion. But it used decimal numbers.
@@cfoa13 you’re both wrong because Charles Babbage built the first computer in the U.K. along with the concept of CPU (mill) and memory (store) in the 1820s, long before Zusse was born. Google it!
I thought Alan Turing was the 'father' of the digital computer? Then I see this video. Then I see the comments below. I wish we could believe what we see & hear.
Ever heard of Harvard architecture? Nowadays mainly used for DSP chips which are CPUs in their own right. Also used for PIC and ARV microprocessors with modified Harvard architecture.
The Z1 and the ABC computer (U Iowa) which predate the ENIAC and there is some evidence that Mauchly was influenced by the work of Atanasoff did on the ABC computer. This work comes off as a fanboy piece. Commodore Grace Hopper had a fairly low opinion of Newman.
About the only thing that could be borrowed from the atanasoff computer was it's simple digital combinational adding. The atanasoff device ran one algorithm, as did the British code breaking computers. Z1 was mechanical. It was the eniac that brought together a fully electronic general purpose machine that incorporated the brilliant features to be some " 1,000 times faster" than any preceding calculating device end follow an arbitrary algorithm.
Computing has many proud fathers. John Von Neumann was possibly the most important, but he stood on the shoulders of giants, like Allan Turing and Tommy Flowers, Charles Babbage. By analogy ~ the Wright Brothers built a working aeroplane, but they didn't invent the Boeing 747. Without the Wright brothers, the aeroplane very definitely still would have been invented. They were the first to get an example working ~ they were very definitely not the only group working on that problem. Without them, somebody else would have figured it out, probably within 2 or 3 years. That's not to take anything away from them, but the problem was going to be solved, it was just a race to see who got there first.
It is rather unfortunate that Goldstine wrote "A History of the Computer" and err.. completely forgot to mention the British contribution! History is after all written by the Winners, who in the Computer game were/are the Americans. Of course, details of Bletchley Park which was instrumental in breaking the German Enigma code machine wasn't released until 1975. This was based on Turings's Bombes which were electro-mechanical. More importantly, details of Colussus weren't released until the 1990s. This machine was the world's first truly programmable, electronic high speed computer, developed, in total secrecy at Bletchley, in the early 1940s, and was used to break the Japanese shipping codes.
google Konrad Zuse, whose patents IBM bought His greatest achievement was the world's first programmable computer; the functional program-controlled Turing-complete Z3 became operational in May 1941.
New inventions and ideas should always be for the good of everyone, not hidden to make money. There should be no way to patent an idea, just the implementation of the idea. The most successful implementation will be the one that makes the money. I wonder if anyone ever patented the wheel ? I just checked and of course it was patented by an American, James Macomb of Princeton at an unknown date in the 1700s or 1800s.
People give credit to Turing, but he was actually a minor player in the development of the digital computer. Von Neumann was much more important to the development of digital computers.
Of course there was Babbage in the 19th century who pioneered many of the concepts of the computer in his difference engine which would have worked had the technology of the time been up to the task.
Funny that nobody explained what ENIAC and EDVAC stood for. Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer (ENIAC) and the Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer (EDVAC)
John Vincent Atanasoff Invented the first digital computer, named the Atanasoff-Berry Computer, or ABC for short, which was invented and built at Iowa State College (now University) between 1939 and 1942.
![The moment we stopped understanding AI [AlexNet]](/img/n.gif)
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CORRECTION: 6:35 meant to say neutrons, not neurons
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Are the other 195 countries of the World a joke to you? Look beyond your borders for much earlier computers. 🤦♂
The Manchester Baby was actually the first to use stored programs in 1948. I feel like computer history is often told in an Amerocentric framing, but these big advances were made in the UK first.
all world history is told in an Amerocentric framing. This is called propaganda.
nope... google Konrad Zuse
Nope Google Alan Turing and Bletchly Park @torstenkersten8566
My Dad met Alan Turing.
He was sent by the Patent office to look at the Manchester Baby, on which Alan was working
@@torstenkersten8566 Thanks! I didn’t know about Zuse. Though, it didnn’t use stored programs (the key point here), it loaded them from punched film, and also didn’t have conditional branching. It was designed for a single purpose, but deemed to be “turing complete” but only barely, if you do some fancy math to prove it technically capable of solving problems in a round about way.
As the other comments in this forum point out, the "invention of the computer" was far more complex than two men "meeting at a train station". Several countries produced men and women who made important contributions leading to today's computers. Everyone wants to "take credit for the invention of the computer". It's not that simple. So many different people made contributions including Tesla who set up the AC current electrical system.
Tesla did not invent AC or the transformers, see Gaulard and Gibbs 1883.
Tesla neither invented nor "set up" Alternating Current, he invented the Induction Motor which made Alternating Current viable for more than lighting.
And 3-Phase transmission as used today as a World standard was developed in Germany, Tesla's 3-phase proposal was radically different as it used like 3 neutral wires instead of balancing out the load like the Dolivo-Dobrolowski model used across the world today.
Which ties in neatly to the subject actually, the story of invention is far more complex than some people make it out to be, and it's actually pretty offensive to boil down the invention of the computer to two Jews meeting at train station.
@@abrahamedelstein4806 - That's why I appreciate and enjoy James Burke's television series "Connections". Contributions to technologies that we take for granted today came from the weirdest sources and are often spread over centuries.
The inventor of the modern computer can be traced right back to the U.K and Charles Babbage, who created the very first computer called the difference engine in the 1820s. He then went on to design a far more complex computer in 1837, called the analytical engine, which today’s computers are based, but due to funding it wasn’t constructed until 1991 at the London Science Museum.
It would be nice if a little research was done. A simple Google search would have uncovered some facts, like Charles Babbage (along with Ada Lovelace) and Konrad Zuse predated these. Apparently they only meant American computers (big surprise in documenting "history").
I believe the following is roughly correct:
In Britain in 1837 Charles Babbage designed the first computer, the Analytical engine, that was later determined to be a programmable, Turing-complete computer (~= general purpose). It was mechanical but was never built.
In Germany during WW2 in 1941 Konrad Zuse constructed the first functioning programmable, Turing-complete computer, the Z3. It was electro-mechanical (used phone switches). It was destroyed in a WW2 bombing raid of Berlin.
In Britain during WW2 in 1943 Tommy Flowers built Colossus. It was the first programmable, electronic computer but it was not Turing-complete.
In the US during WW2 in 1945 the ENIAC was built by Mauchly and Eckert. It was the first programmable, electronic, Turing-complete machine.
In the US EDVAC was built in 1949. It was the first programmable, electronic, Turing-complete, stored-program machine. The design was formally proposed by Von-Neumann and built by Mauchly and Eckert. This is the basis for all of today's computers: Turing-complete (that is, general purpose), electronic, and programmable with an in-memory stored-program. It is called the "Von Neumann Architecture".
charles babbage computer was not as useful as the eniac . eniac is completely different from analytical engine and alot more practical and useful. so credit goes to von neuman. its sad to see that charles babbage was mentioned in our cs text books but not von neuman or alan turing
Modern computers are not based on Babbage's work
lol, how far they would be, without a German called Leipniz!
and as usual, forget about Conrad Zuse, his computer from 1943 got a keyboard while the rest had to move plugs for programming...
what is wrong with the English...if a Scot invents something, he is not a Scot, he is a Brit..
if a English invents something, he is an English...
i wonder why it is this way....i assume the English are special....
but can you tell me why they are??
6:34 should be "simulating the paths of neutrons" instead of "neurons"
They snuck that in there just to see if we were paying attention.
@@NegusYosef good catch and appreciate you paying attention
Damn clever, those atomic bombs.
Th first computer using programs storer im memory was built by Konrad Zuse 1943 in Berlin. It was the Z2 which used telephone relays as store units. His next computers were based on electron tubes. 1971 I had the opportunity to play on a Z22 at the RWTH university in Aachen which was the first transistored series of Zuse.
^This.
👍🏻
George Stibitz's Complex Number Calculator at Bell Labs in 1939 was far more fundamental.
@@jsalsmanNo it wasn’t lol And Konrad Zuse was already beginning woth Building the first Computer in 1938 !! Get you facts right !!
@@f.n8581 I consider numerical algorithms more important than program control, which Hollerith had with patch cables decades earlier, and Babbage had figured out for software in the previous century.
Tommy Flowers built the first electronic computer in 1943 in the UK, it was only used for one job but was programmable via a punched tape.
Unfortunately he didn't, no. I was taught that at college too, but the history of the programmable computer goes way back to 1936: at the same time Turing was working on his, Konrad Zuse was already using his computer! And it ran on punched tape, none of this hard-wired looms and rotating drums... Although it used relays (slow but reliable) instead of vacuum tubes (fast but hot, power-hungry and failure-prone).
Tommy Flowers did brilliant engineering work, but the Germans were ahead of us in theory and engineering. Thankfully none of their hierarchy recognized its importance...
@@Dranok1 He did say "electronic". I often get confused about computer history because there are a lot of specific words that need to be defined. I believe "electronic" means vacuum tubes or later so the z1 to z4 weren't electronic because they used relays so they were "electromechanical". According to wikipedia "Colossus is thus regarded[2] as the world's first programmable, electronic, digital computer, although it was programmed by switches and plugs and not by a stored program.[3]"
@@ericmollison2760 correct! Thank you for paying attention! Historian Tom Haigh has papers on 'firsts' in computer science on his website. He addresses all this in a couple of them. We don't use electromechanical computers and the Z3 'stored' programs on punched tape--not in internal memory! This is a wholly different approach. Imagine if we did that today! The MODERN computer--that is the one we almost all use--descends from the EDVAC report, 'the birth certificate of the modern computer'.
@@Dranok1 Well, Collossus served to defeat Germany, so despite whatever Zuse's computer might or might not have been capable of, it wasn't good enough to save Germany from defeat by Collossus.
@@fbloggsDefeated the Nazis.
The first free programmable computer was the z1, designed and built by Konrad Zusse from 1936 to 1938 in Germany.
It at least was a major stepping stone. One of the usual criteria for the first modern computer is being turing complete. Which none really is because turing completeness requires infinite memory. The Z3 also had no branching so had to compute all possible outcomes then pick a result. So it was a major development and Mr Zuse would deserve some more credit for his work - but at the same time it wasn't quite there yet.
Btw. standard question in the oral undergrad exam "Is computer X turing complete?". The correct answer is no because as mentioned above turing completeness requires infinite memory. Which we still haven't gotten any closer to.
@@ralfbaechle It needs infinite time to test it.
@@ralfbaechlei thought A.I. has recently passed the turing test, or so they say.
@@meesalikeu That is something different. Basically to pass the Turing test a computer (software) needs to be chatting to a user who doesn't know if he's chatting with a human or a computer that it is a human There is no strict definition how this test should be performed. As such it arguably is mostly of philosophical importance.
Turing completeness is a rigidly defined model for powerfulness of a computer architecture or programming language. Basically it describes which problems can be solved by a computer or programming language.
funny moment showing Steve Jobs while saying in narration that electronic computers are public domain , because apple computer corporation has multiple times tried to patent concepts that would immobilize competition that has had the technologies for years before Apple put them together on smart phones and tablets... interesting.
Apple tried to sue a train station for using the same clock face on their 100+ year old clock.
@@alanhilder1883 I think that was the other way around 😅
@@DanDemiro No, the court may have turned it around to reflect reality.
Fun fact, from that book: We as humanity have made more transistors than any other manufactured good in sum total in the history of our species, by many orders of magnitude. I'm a computer engineering student.. If any of you are really interested in the origins of computing- and how it got to where it is now- I highly recommend the book chip war. Not only does it go over the meaning of the title in modern terms, it starts at the very origins of the computing paradigm and lays out the state of things very competently. Right now in my degree, I am learning how to design integrated circuits (chips) from the CMOS transistor on up on an older nm process. The levels of complexity are baffling to me..
Thanks for sharing this man -- will check out the book and i loved hearing about your experience as a student!!
Set theory was developed by the German mathematicians Georg Cantor and Richard Dedekind in the 1870s
It would be best to give due primary credit to George Boole, whose 1854 book "The laws of Thought" is the singular true milestone work that presented and developed the novel idea that there can be and is a formal mathematics of operational principles by which reasoning is performed, This fundamental work led geniuses such as Von Neumann, Shannon, Pitts, Ashby, McCullogh, Norbert Wiener and Turing to lay the foundations for development of computers. Prior to Boole the basic concept underlying computing was based entirely on developing increasingly ingenious and sophisticated mechanical devices, contraptions and calculators ranging from the simplicity of the abacus to Charles Babbage's analytical engine, rather than laying any true foundation for contemporary computers which stems from the evolution of Boole's application of the intangible mathematics of mental thought processes rather than tangible mechanical devices.
You seem to have missed the earlier history of computers, particularly the earlier work in the UK at Bletchley.
It was Tommy Flowers that designed and built Collosus during WW2 to decypher encrypted German messages.The details were passed to the Americans for the Bombe machines and Collosus which was destroyed on orders from Churchill. Fortunately, enough info was salvaged to build another Collosus for the museum years later.
@@binarybox.binarybox you are exactly right. Tommy Flowers was an absolute hero, he used some of his own money to complete the prototype.
@@marksterling8286And you seem to have missed out the earlier history of the Computer in Germany 😉
The Z3 was a German eletromechanical Computer designed by Konrad Zuse in 1938, and completed in 1941. It was the Worlds first Computer working programmable, fully automatic digital Computer !!
@@f.n8581 thank you for pointing it out, this should have been in the video too
The first modern digital computer was the Atanasoff-Berry Computer, the ABC. It was not EDVAC! and thanks to that fact the pattern of EDVAC was canceled which allows now everyone to be able to make digital computers, otherwise only one company was going to able to make digital computers.
From IOWA STATE!
"Simulating the paths of neurons inside an atomic bomb"
I guess that was a smart bomb.....
Lol nice catch. Obv meant to say neutrons!
Twaddle. This is american washing history. ENIAC in 1945 required manual reconfiguration for each new task. It wasn’t until 1948, that ENIAC was modified to include a primitive form of a stored-program capability, but it still did not fully embody the modern stored-program concept.
The first true stored-program computer was generally considered to be the Manchester Small-Scale Experimental Machine (SSEM) in 1948, followed by other machines that implemented the von Neumann architecture.
The eniac was brilliant for what it did before there was a viable random access memory invented.
At about 6:30 - "simulating the paths of neurons in the atomic bomb". I think that should be "... paths of neutrons ...".
Thus proving we had a lot of nerve inventing the atom bomb. 😊
I have read von Neumann's early papers. Any programmer or computer technician would understand them. Here is the obvious thing though. When he wrote these papers, computers did not exist. He imagined this entire complex technology in his mind. That is astounding! It is genius. For me to say "anyone understands it now" is like saying Shakespeare's plays are full of cliches.
von Neumann had training in engineering. When the team of experts were building one of the first stored program computers at the Institute for Advanced Study, the IAS machine, they often came to him with difficult technical problems. He quickly proposed practical solutions. He made direct, hands-on contributions to the technology.
That would be a nice fantasy if it weren't laughing wrong in its most important detail!
There were many different versions of computing technology before vom Neumann's work, indeed the first working _programmable_ computer was running in Germany in 1936, made by Konrad Zuse, well known in computing history, and only slightly less famous than Turning's design that the British government stupidly _gave_ to the USA near the end of the war that actually lead directly to the design of your early computer engineering, for the Americans to promptly claim as the first. They got away with it only because our stupid government chose to classify all the wartime work as top secret, and Tommy Flowers and Alan Turning remained obscure for 50 years allowing "them over there with all the money" to corner the world market on yet another genius invention that that they had nothing to do with, like 80% of the all the world's useful inventions...
(Electricity "ooh we invented that didn't we?" The light build "ooh we invented that too!" The TV "ooh that was definitely one of ours!" The motorcar "now that was definitely ours!" The telephone "that one's got to be us!" Fibre optics "now I know that one's ours!" You'd even claim the sailing ship and steam engine if you thought you could get away with it. Nope, none of it, it all came from other countries and you lot are never taught about the work of other nations, or probably that a of them are real...)
"Zuse Z III" built in Germany before 1944 was the first fully programmable computer. With The orginal one destroyed by allied bombers Konrad Zuse built an exact copy, which is still alive and well in the "Deutsches Museum" Munich.
Von Neumann was second only to Einstein as a genius, but here he can only claim the silver medal.
There is no question von Neumann was a magnificent genius and his development of the stored program and associated memory architecture was a leap forward; saying essentially he invented the computer simply skips over generations of others whose contributions enabled his final steps. My professor, Norman Martin, is considered by many the founder of first software company, and he determined the superiority of silicon vs switching core for RAM during the same time period as von Neumann was working. I don't recall if Martin worked with von Neumann, but I expect he did.
Klára Dán's and János Neumann's contributions make all of us Hungarians proud! Thank you for this video!
No mention of Maurice Wilkes at Cambridge who designed the EDSAC, inspired by the Princeton meeting which Wilkes attended, which ran its first program in 1949, or the Manchester “Baby” which ran its first program in 1948, both of which predated the EDVAC.
The Colossus in the UK was older by almost a year.
....and boy, did it prove its worth! Whatever Konrad Zuse had - or anybody else, it was Bletchley Park's maths whiz-kids and machines like Tommy Flowers' vacuum tube computer that cracked the German enigma and lorenz machines - yes and the U-boat version too! Hollywood paints that as an American feat but nope - the credit goes to the brilliant Bletchley Park team, whose fantastic feats were kept secret for 50 years after the end of the war, while others claimed to have been first to produce an electronic digital computer.
@@fbloggs Keep secret for 50 years yeah maybe in you dreams you delusional Liar 😂😂
The Worlds first Computer working, programmable, fully automatic digital Computer was invented by Konrad Zuse in 1941 !!
@@rlk54 And the Z3 from Konrad Zuse was 2 years older !
The world's first stored program computer was the Manchester (UK) BABY. Don't take my word for it, check with the IEEE - the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers. They awarded BABY a plaque to confirm this in 2022.
Turing designed the computer architecture.
Ahh America, isn't it wonderful that you invented everything.
Yeah but no but... Colossus was a stored program computer working in Bletchley Park, UK in 1944.
Well Done. I grew up and worked at APG as a kid in high school
Had no idea Von Neuman was a visitor. FYI. The former Penn Central station now Amtrak station is still used
As a Hungarian,
I am very proud that the foundations of the modern computer
were laid by a Hungarian scientist
:)
Why are you proud of something you had nothing to do with?
@@allanshpeley4284 I am proud of it because Hungarian scientists and inventors enriched the world with many important inventions. Read on to see how many decisive things we Hungarians have invented, without which the world would not be the way we know it today. And in this way, we Hungarians can immerse ourselves even more in the "national self-consciousness" in order to invent even more important things.
@@allanshpeley4284 Important Hungarian inventions "out of many thousands": Holography, Telephone switchboard, vitamin C, vaccine against coronavirus, hydrogen bomb, moon car, ballpoint pen, soda water, Rubik's Cube, Dynamo, Safety Match,
This is a completly distorted history of the computer. The first electronic digital computer was built by Konrad Zuse, this is a load of bollocks.
The Z3 was not electronic, it was relay driven. Electric and Electronic doesn't mean the same thing.
@@abrahamedelstein4806Doesn’t Change the fact that Konrad Zuse invented the first Computer !
@@f.n8581 I won't get into that debate but I wanted to clarify that Electric doesn't equal Electronic though Electronic is always Electric by default.
Having John von Neumann on the thumb nail of this video shows it's serious. John von Neumann is more well known for his stunning contributions to mathematics (I'm MSc mathematics) and physics. There is a dedicated wikipedia-page to all things named after von Neumann. He's one of my favorite mathematicians.
Computer was invented by the german enginer Konrad Zuse and NOT by this two guys showing in this vids !
Yes I agree. The small hat people want to change history
@@redman_the_man I dont understand it. This is a fact and it has been recognized that Konrad Zuse is the founder, yet the anglo-saxon media doesnt want to accept. Are the jealous ??
@@msbudmsbud7593 it's not the Anglo-Saxon media. The media is controlled by the tribe.
Konrad Ernst Otto Zuse
@@neowiko3447 Yes, he invented the first computer, yet they keep stil not accepting this !
I have seen the birth of computers. Programmable computers always would have been the result of the evolving technology. As many point out below, this was not just a bright idea from someone or a sudden lucky discovery. An enormous amount of people made contributions to the hardware and software we have today.
As others have mentioned, it was Boole to Shannon to ENIAC. An important point is that Shannon (and Harvard/IBM with the Mark 1/2/3 computers) worked with relays as the switching element, and that vacuum tubes are at least 1,000 times faster.
Another question is memory technology (core memory was still a long way away). I suspect that the reason ENIAC wasn't programmable is that you'd need one vacuum tube for each bit of memory, and that Von Neumann's real brilliance was realizing that it was worth it to use that extremely expensive memory for programs.
“I have always taken the position that there is enough credit for
everyone in the invention and development of the electronic computer.”
John Vincent Atanasoff
Many may claim to be the fathers of modern computer, but the real one is the German inventor Konrad Zuse with his Z3, built before WW2.
I was reading a book about computers until I spotted this😊😊😊
have you ever heard of Conrad Zuse?
According to Wikipedia HE is the inventor of the modern computer!
But don't even mention him...
Zuse built the first, and still best looking, computers ever.
Nope it was the UK first with Babbage in the 1820s and then later in 1943 when Colossus was created although it was kept secret so some books will say the US did it first in 1944 but its not true.
Colossus no one had made a fully electronic general purpose computing device. And that was the charm of the eniac. It's variability was brilliant for the time while there were not any viable random Access memory devices to hold instructions.
1. We are talking about the first fully Electronic Computer and not the first who theorize a Computer
2. The Z3 was a German Electromechanical Computer designed by Konrad Zuse in 1938, and completed in 1941. It was the World first Computer working programmable, fully automatic Computer !!
So basically a German named Konrad Zuse invented the first Computer !!
And that Britain keep the Computer for 50 years secret is just another Ridiculous lie from Brits !
The abacus was one of the first mechanical computing device. An abacus with a digital readout could be constructed relatively simply by electrically sensing the position of the beads in conjunction with simple electronic chips.
To my knowledge the first computers where used for programming patterns for mechanised Looms, later not Charles Babbage but Ada Lovelace laid the foundation for the modern computers based on this. It was to be combined with the difference machine of Charles Babbage, which could possibly be Ada's work, but at the time women did not have the status to pull this off...
The most amazing thing about computers is how fast the development have been. It really wasn't that long ago and what we have today is just mind boggling when you consider what they worked with then.
Claude Shannon's master thesis, written before the war, is the basis for logic circuits and computing.
What a great video! I find it odd that such a large portion of the comments seems to misinterpret the message, though.
Have you not heard of Alan Turing, or Colossus the first programmable electronic computer, well before eniac, used to decode the german communications in the second world war?
This video failed to mention to the role of the MIT railroad club. Much of the switching theory that computers use was developed by the MIT railroad club using model trains and tracks. This caused a great controversy in the club. The question arose, "Are we a railroad club or a computer club?" This group made major contributions to the development of gates.
looks to me like you have never heard about Colossus
edit: or Antikythera, for that matter
Tommy Flowers was the man, a genius.
The Antikythera mechanism was not programmable, but certainly the first known mechanical calculator. It was a celestial calculator.
The Eniac was influenced by the Atanasoff-Berry Machine. That is part of the reason its patent was invalidated.
It was a bad decision to invalidate the eniac from the atanasoff berry computer. In my estimation there was very little substance to that computer that the eniac actually borrowed from. The most remarkable thing about the eniac is how it was architected to run at full speed where is the machine methods in the atanasoff computer were very slow. What was remarkable about the atanasoff computer was it static memory drum which the eniac didn't even use.
Wow! An extra 12.5 ¢ / hour! They really appreciated Klara!
I love this kind of content
Why do you ignore the Colossus computer of 1943 developed by Alan Turing at Bletchley Park?
I love your channel no idea how I was missing out for so long!
Giving so little mention of Alan Turing over in England and the great machines assembled at Bletchley Park this piece of junk does a great disservice to both Turing, and a dissercice to the study of the history of the computers. you know, they don't call it the Von Neumann award. the best award in Computing is called the Turing award, for a reason. no Turing, no modern computing. His unbelievable the original Concepts in Computer Logic and software are how the whole thing began he was a mathematician he also was a homosexual and when he was found out most tragically he killed himself at middle age of course he would have done so much more but those were the times he killed himself
While Turing was thinking about it Tommy Flowers had already build one for switching at a Post Office telephone exchange.
Konrad Zuse build the first computer 1941
@@Vindex0 nope you’re wrong, Charles Babbage built the first computer in the 1820s London. Google it.
Try 1936! 😂
No he didnt it was a electro machanical device not fully electronic , colossus was designed an built by Tommy Flowers was reliable and was running in 1943 at Bletchley Park UK it was used to break the Lorenz Cypher an upgraded version of the Enigma Machine
@@DavidDavies-f4vThat doesn’t change the fact that the first Computer was designed and invented by Konrad Zuse 🤷🏻♂️
Tommy Flowers?
A brilliant man who never got the credit he deserved.
Unfortunately he made the mistake of being English, working in England, for the MoD.
He was working for the Post Office at an exchange in switching when he made his first switch using valves( vacuum tubes ). A great engineer.
Konrad Zuse was the Inventor of the First Computer !
You forgot Alan Turing…
The first computer was designed and built by Konrad Zusse in Germany.
@@martincardenas9459 nope, Charles Babbage built the difference engine long before Zusse was born.
@@rodd1000 Babbage began in 1822 with what he called the difference engine, made to compute values of polynomial functions. It was created to calculate a series of values automatically. By using the method of finite differences, it was possible to avoid the need for multiplication and division.
For a prototype difference engine, Babbage brought in Joseph Clement to implement the design, in 1823. Clement worked to high standards, but his machine tools were particularly elaborate. Under the standard terms of business of the time, he could charge for their construction, and would also own them. He and Babbage fell out over costs around 1831.
Some parts of the prototype survive in the Museum of the History of Science, Oxford. This prototype evolved into the "first difference engine". It remained unfinished and the finished portion is located at the Science Museum in London. This first difference engine would have been composed of around 25,000 parts, weighed fifteen short tons (13,600 kg), and would have been 8 ft (2.4 m) tall. Although Babbage received ample funding for the project, it was never completed. He later (1847-1849) produced detailed drawings for an improved version,"Difference Engine No. 2", but did not receive funding from the British government. His design was finally constructed in 1989-1991, using his plans and 19th-century manufacturing tolerances. It performed its first calculation at the Science Museum, London, returning results to 31 digits.[citation needed]
Nine years later, in 2000, the Science Museum completed the printer Babbage had designed for the difference engine.
@@rodd1000 Babbage began in 1822 with what he called the difference engine, made to compute values of polynomial functions. It was created to calculate a series of values automatically. By using the method of finite differences, it was possible to avoid the need for multiplication and division.
For a prototype difference engine, Babbage brought in Joseph Clement to implement the design, in 1823. Clement worked to high standards, but his machine tools were particularly elaborate. Under the standard terms of business of the time, he could charge for their construction, and would also own them. He and Babbage fell out over costs around 1831.
Some parts of the prototype survive in the Museum of the History of Science, Oxford. This prototype evolved into the "first difference engine". It remained unfinished and the finished portion is located at the Science Museum in London. This first difference engine would have been composed of around 25,000 parts, weighed fifteen short tons (13,600 kg), and would have been 8 ft (2.4 m) tall. Although Babbage received ample funding for the project, it was never completed. He later (1847-1849) produced detailed drawings for an improved version,"Difference Engine No. 2", but did not receive funding from the British government. His design was finally constructed in 1989-1991, using his plans and 19th-century manufacturing tolerances. It performed its first calculation at the Science Museum, London, returning results to 31 digits.[citation needed]
Nine years later, in 2000, the Science Museum completed the printer Babbage had designed for the difference engine.
@@rodd1000We are Talking about the first fully Electronic Computer and not the first one who theorize a Computer 😂 and the first one who invented the Computer was Konrad Zuse !
The greatest thing Eniac did was teach Von Nueman, Eckert and Mauchley how NOT to build a computer.
The eniac was a brilliant solution to an algorithmic machine before practical random Access memories were available
The ENIAC inventors stole the blueprint from John Vincent Atanasoff the inventor of the ABC computer of Iowa State University
No they didn't there wasn't much to steal from there. Perhaps pieces of some combinational logic at most. The charm of the eniac was its massive design all kinds of complex math the ability to run most any algorithm. The antennas off computer could only do one type of problem.
Atanasoff-Berry Computer, the ABC.
They built ENIAC. How is that an accident?
Clickbait video titles get more views....
ENIAC is an accident, based on ABC computer.
Our cell phones have much more computing power than the first computers filing rooms with much less energy. Now Al is the image of a monster.
A digital watch has more computing power than ENIAC.
That is my photo of ENIAC at 2:42.
konrad zuse he build the Z1 between 1936 to 1938 it was the first computer
Yes and no. Both Z1 and Z3 were not Turing-complete (Z3 could be fugded to be, in a way, but that was only discovered much later). Zuse's machines were what would we today would call Harvard architecture. They had separate memories for code and data. And because these separate memory (perforated film strips for code) Zuse first overlooked the idea of loops. But Zuse's machines used binary from the start.
The ENIAC however was Turing-complete, it could do some kind of recursion. But it used decimal numbers.
@@thiloreichelt4199so you said zuse machines are not a computers , ok
@@cfoa13 you’re both wrong because Charles Babbage built the first computer in the U.K. along with the concept of CPU (mill) and memory (store) in the 1820s, long before Zusse was born. Google it!
@@cfoa13 No. I wrote that Zuse's machine were no Turing-complete computers.
@@thiloreichelt4199 🤣
I thought Alan Turing was the 'father' of the digital computer? Then I see this video. Then I see the comments below. I wish we could believe what we see & hear.
Turing extended the work of Boole to devise the Turing machine which is in concept the basis of all numeric computing.
No that was Konrad Zuse in 1941 !!
@@f.n8581 Turing 1936 paper.
Ever heard of Harvard architecture? Nowadays mainly used for DSP chips which are CPUs in their own right. Also used for PIC and ARV microprocessors with modified Harvard architecture.
The Z1 and the ABC computer (U Iowa) which predate the ENIAC and there is some evidence that Mauchly was influenced by the work of Atanasoff did on the ABC computer. This work comes off as a fanboy piece. Commodore Grace Hopper had a fairly low opinion of Newman.
About the only thing that could be borrowed from the atanasoff computer was it's simple digital combinational adding. The atanasoff device ran one algorithm, as did the British code breaking computers. Z1 was mechanical. It was the eniac that brought together a fully electronic general purpose machine that incorporated the brilliant features to be some " 1,000 times faster" than any preceding calculating device end follow an arbitrary algorithm.
Not even a Century from a school room size to a small box in you're hands.
Computing has many proud fathers. John Von Neumann was possibly the most important, but he stood on the shoulders of giants, like Allan Turing and Tommy Flowers, Charles Babbage.
By analogy ~ the Wright Brothers built a working aeroplane, but they didn't invent the Boeing 747. Without the Wright brothers, the aeroplane very definitely still would have been invented. They were the first to get an example working ~ they were very definitely not the only group working on that problem. Without them, somebody else would have figured it out, probably within 2 or 3 years. That's not to take anything away from them, but the problem was going to be solved, it was just a race to see who got there first.
Why does no one say that he stood on the shoulders of eckert and mauckly?
You mean giants like Konrad Zuse Right ?
@@f.n8581 Yes, he's another.
It is rather unfortunate that Goldstine wrote "A History of the Computer" and err.. completely forgot to mention the British contribution! History is after all written by the Winners, who in the Computer game were/are the Americans. Of course, details of Bletchley Park which was instrumental in breaking the German Enigma code machine wasn't released until 1975. This was based on Turings's Bombes which were electro-mechanical. More importantly, details of Colussus weren't released until the 1990s. This machine was the world's first truly programmable, electronic high speed computer, developed, in total secrecy at Bletchley, in the early 1940s, and was used to break the Japanese shipping codes.
Thanks!
Thanks Robert, I really appreciate your support
Good narration. No AI!
What a complete bullocks.Where is Atanasov-Berry (ABC) standing here?
Built between 1939-1942.What are we talking about here.
to my opinion Alan Turing had build the fist real computer.
because he had build a real machine not an "abstract" like told here.
No the first Electromechanical Computer was designed and invented by Konrad Zuse !!!
Simulating the path of neurons in an atomic bomb. 😂
Von Neuman should be credited with the development of the NDA.
google Konrad Zuse, whose patents IBM bought
His greatest achievement was the world's first programmable computer; the functional program-controlled Turing-complete Z3 became operational in May 1941.
New inventions and ideas should always be for the good of everyone, not hidden to make money.
There should be no way to patent an idea, just the implementation of the idea.
The most successful implementation will be the one that makes the money.
I wonder if anyone ever patented the wheel ?
I just checked and of course it was patented by an American, James Macomb of Princeton at an unknown date in the 1700s or 1800s.
Its a shame the film does not start the story at the beginning.
Long, long ago...in a valley far, far away, lived a dinosaur named Eric...
So where does the "collosos" used to calculate the breaking of "enigma" in 1943. Standing on the shoulders of Turing and others.
Thanks for the video. Von Neumann is definitely of greater mind than wider recognized Einstein or Oppenheimer.
People give credit to Turing, but he was actually a minor player in the development of the digital computer. Von Neumann was much more important to the development of digital computers.
A time when technology was for the betterment of mankind, not profit.
Finding this channel is like finding oil
Great video, very insightful!
Of course there was Babbage in the 19th century who pioneered many of the concepts of the computer in his difference engine which would have worked had the technology of the time been up to the task.
I wonder if anyone's ported Doom to EDVAC yet
"...neurons inside an atomic bomb"...more likely "neutrons", I suspect.
Turing. Bletchley Park
And he also figured out who framed Roger Rabbit.
Thanks for another interesting video.
Well, you need to tell the Colleges who are teaching that Turing invented the computer.
The most moronic history of computers I've ever seen. And set theory was developed by Aristotle in his "Prior Analytics".
There's no mention of Cantor, either.
Funny that nobody explained what ENIAC and EDVAC stood for. Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer (ENIAC) and the Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer (EDVAC)
be careful how you read your script. At about 6:25 Dan does not say "nueron", she says "neutron". Notice the "t"
Great video!
John Vincent Atanasoff is the inventor.
No Konrad Zuse !
John Vincent Atanasoff
Invented the first digital computer, named the Atanasoff-Berry Computer, or ABC for short, which was invented and built at Iowa State College (now University) between 1939 and 1942.
after the war the US gov commissioned a study on computers. the conclusion was that they were a good thing and that the US would need five of them.
So you have never heard of Zuse Z3, the first fully programmable computer?