C. David Allis (Rockefeller U.) 1: Epigenetics: Why Your DNA Isn’t Enough
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 31 ก.ค. 2024
- www.ibiology.org/genetics-and...
In the first of his videos, Dr. Allis introduces the concept of epigenetics; a change in a cellular phenotype that is not due to DNA mutation but due to chemical modifications of proteins that result in changes in gene activation. In the nucleus, DNA is wrapped around proteins called histones to form chromatin. How tightly the chromatin is packaged determines whether genes are active or not. This switch between the “on and off” state of chromatin is regulated by chemical modification of histones. Allis describes work from his lab and others that identified the enzymes that add, remove and recognize the histone modifications. Changes in histone modification can cause a number of diseases including cancer. A key difference between genetic mutations and epigenetic modifications is that epigenetic changes are reversible making them an attractive drug target.
Dr. Allis focuses on the role of epigenetics in development and disease in his second talk. Histones can be modified on a number of amino acids, particularly lysines, by the addition of acetyl or methyl groups. Combinatorial patterns of these modifications act to enhance or repress gene expression. Allis describes work from his lab and others, which demonstrates that mutations in histone (for instance a lysine to methionine mutation) may block these modifications and, thus, impact gene expression. Sadly, these “onco-histone” mutations have been identified as the cause of many diseases including pediatric brain tumors and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors.
Speaker Biography:
C. David Allis is the Joy and Jack Fishman Professor and Head of the Laboratory of Chromatin Biology and Epigenetics at The Rockefeller University. Allis’ lab studies how modifications to histones, the proteins that package DNA, influence gene expression and the implications these changes have for human disease.
Allis has been honored with many awards for his pioneering research including the 2015 Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences, the 2014 Japan Prize, the 2007 Canada Gairdner International Award and many others. Allis is a member of the National Academy of Sciences USA, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and the French Academy of Sciences.
Allis received his BS in biology from the University of Cincinnati and his PhD in biology from Indiana University and he was a post-doctoral fellow at the University of Rochester. - วิทยาศาสตร์และเทคโนโลยี
Years ago I was a laboratory technologist and I started seeing these articles regarding methylation. After your lecture, even though I didn’t get a some of the more detailed technical; information, I now understand a little better the significance of your interesting work. So, thank you.
this man is such a delight; his politeness and measured manner of speech is truly something to learn from. i bet that working at his lab is remarkably enjoyable. looking forward to watching part 2!
thanks for the video;
keep up the good work iBiology team, you are certainly one of the best (i honestly cannot even think of others) advanced-level education sources in molecular biology!
I've always look at all of the sciences a being fun, Learning is something to be enjoyed. I see Self-education in life as being more of a hobby.
Very interesting. Many thanks to Allis and this channel, ya'll are killin it.
In youtube i think this channel is very different and informative and the best biology learning channel
I enjoy all of these lectures very much.
Very easy to understand, what a great speaker! Thank you so much.
Very enlightening, thank you!
Thank you, I enjoyed this lecture very much!
Great explanation
Just awesome
Hello Dr. Ellis - is anybody looking at the placenta in relation to epigenetics? If I understand it correctly, it is genetically identical to the embryo but develops in a completely different way, which would suggest that a different set of epigentic switches is present in the descendents of the fertilised egg that goes on to form the placenta and those that go on to form the embryo. I thought there might be some interesting finds to be made through a comparison of the two.
On a side note, who do we inherit the epigenetic switches from that kickstart the developments of the embryo and the placenta respectively - the mother or father or a bit of both?
Share it with your kids! Thank you sir
Great stuff
He was such a pioneer and a great scientist.. sadly he did not get the Nobel
it would seem that quantity of genes does not correlate to "intellect" or whatever makes people special? perhaps quantity of genes matters more in ability to survive varied or difficult environments, which are obviously not that good at, in terms of genetic ability, not ability to alter the environment
quantity of genes isnt the key to a complex organism.
Peoples thinking all this complexities comes from randomness must be crazy.
Why is it so often said that it is unintuitive that humans should have a similar number of genes as fish and frogs and whatever? They have skin and spines and eyes and hearts and lungs and bones and so on and so on. Why should we expect to be anything more than a different sculpture made from the same clay?
I just think because of the difference in intelligence, bodily adaptions, physical appearance, etc. it may seem surprising to some people that we have a similar amount of genes as these other creatures.
@@rain4101 well they probably dont know about alternative splicing and RNAi
Well, I think the common ancestry explanation has more explanatory efficacy
200 liters...
fall in love
Fly People: when the gen is activated and inside euchromatin, the eyes are red, so lets name our gene "white" 😂😂😂
When will scientists learn that immortality would be very bad for everyone
现在想想中国古代胎教思想：“古者妇人妊子，寝不侧，坐不边，立不跸（单脚站立），不食邪味，割不正不食，席不正不坐，目不视邪色，耳不听淫声，夜则令瞽颂诗，道正事。如此，则生子形容端正，才过人矣。故妊子之时，必慎所感。感于善则善，感于恶则恶。人生而肖万物者，皆其母感于物，故形音肖之。”是真的牛逼
这个😂……
这些东西非常细微，规则和强制遵守规则本身带来的代价很难分清楚。
比如说，如果一个孕妇非常想吃某个不健康食品，如果家人批评她，说要遵守这个规则。结果她很不开心。
这时候，遵守规则带来的是好处还是坏处？
Alternatively this talk could be entitled
Epigenetics: It's not the magic bullet against evolution that Intelligent design creationists think it is.
+Patrick Dennis ID proponents probably didn't make it on the radar when the title was being considered. No point in bending over for the silly idea.
Sure enough and good thing.But i do enjoy instigating.
+Patrick Dennis
Yes, this is a real problem for ID. Now that we know there is such incredibly advanced binary digital computers inside our cells there is no chance of an intelligent designer. We know this from the way microsoft just let a bunch of Windows XP computers sit around and run until they randomly became Window 10 computers. I mean like obviously from what you get out of microsoft no intelligence is required.
+Mike Wilson You think when organisms adapt phenotypically or speciate, they do so through a process micro-managed by some intelligence?
Patrick Dennis
You mean kinda like what peer reviewed science published in respected science journals says:
www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0019103513000791
"The patterns are shown to match the criteria of an intelligent signal."
But you know it is just science, who needs to listen to that garbage.
nup.
Fail
how? But first what's your qualification to judge him?
He's assuming there is a good and bad mother, and he and some elite are the judge of it. The reality of life makes no such call. The bad mother could be the one that rears kittens that survive. So many of these studies have a "support the status quo agenda" without them even realising it. I don't mean the status quo of science but of society. Real change might very well come from the worst treated survivor. I admit I only browsed through the video and the subject is new to me so maybe I'll change my mind on further study.
hello, i think you realy missed the point. this experiment was not conducted to show that some mothers are better than others but to show that very different behaviors of mothers towards genetically identical babies leads to very distinct epigenetic markers and phenotypes. there is a reason why the terms good and bad were in quotes ;)
@@Thomaaasooo To research a subject, devision of good and bad is enough as we are answering questions.
However, these effects are too brittle and broken easily by many other factors. So every single ingredient is only good to have rather than deterministic.