I grew up in circles where 7 - 14 kids was totally normal. I'm one of 9 kids. No one died of exhaustion. These women having lots of kids and dying is because the health care was so awful and the post partum care was even worse.
I know a lot of women that had ten or more children and are still alive today. It wasn’t exhaustion, probably more like the living conditions of those times.
In an age dominated by men, where queens were perceived as weak and incapable of governing, Isabel of Castille proved just to the opposite to the world. She was a worrior. Not only did she participated in several military campaigns against Portugal, the disloyal feudal lords and the Muslims, but she also was at the forefront of her army. She is a highly controversial historical figure who has been misunderstood many times. Contemporary historians claim that at the end of her days she regretted having expelled the Jews and that she was truely concerned about the safety of the indigenous peoples of the Caribbean. In her will she left instructions to her successor to protect the indigenous peoples of the New World, instructions which were ignored by her husband and by the conquistadors.
Even if she regretted her decisions later in life it was of no use because the damage was already done. Many Jews were forced out of their homes. Not only Jews but also Muslims suffered the same fate, they were forcefully converted and then by an edict in 1609 were exiled.
...Don't you know that Europeans saw Andalusia as a scientific center and books authored by Muslims were studied by many European scholars? The scientific age of Andalusia literally ended when she expelled the Muslims from the peninsula.
She started the spanish inquitition,are you happy about that?Go to any museum and think of that womens face when you see all of the preserved torture devices from the inquitition.Edgar Allen Poe got his inspiration for the story Pit and the Pendulum,off of a real device created during the inquitition.
@@almaordonez5245 Castile is the English name for Castilla, though. So it's not even another language. I think that's where the misunderstanding came in, because if Castile WAS the Spanish name, Lindsay's pronunciation would actually be correct.
@@TheBc99 - I thought, and I could be wrong - that Castile was a Spanish word for _castle_. And Aragon was name of a river in the north of Spain - and based on the Basque word for _valley_. But your pronunciation is correct.
@@pawwalker3492 No, her pronunciation is still wrong in English. It should be pronounced "casteel" in English. In Spanish the word is castilla and is pronounced castEEyah or castEELyah.
Isn't it fascinating to wonder what would have happened if Henry hadn't been king? Though, to be honest I could easily see him killing or overthrowing his brother if he hadn't died. Ugh, I hate him! He was married to so many groundbreaking women who were ready to change the shape of the world, and he discarded, suppressed, or killed them all. -__-
@@theladyfausta I completely agree, it's such a shame that those women were born into that time period, they were such powerful people, Anne Boleyn did aid the change of the country with the idea of protestant reform. However, before he took the throne he was set to go into the life of the Church as the role of the second born son demands, and before his accident where he fell off of his horse, he was a very well liked and respected King who was always very active. After his accident many said he suffered a brain injury which caused a personality shift (but we don't know for sure). Although the actions towards his wives and mistresses was inexcusable we do have to at least accept that this wasn't terribly uncommon or new behavior for a King at this time. But I do fully agree with your statement, Arthur would have been a good King.
Juana of Castile, not the mad. History made her look as a mad woman for being jealous. Her own father, husband and son didn't want Juana to rule because was a woman.
Juana eventually had to cede power to her son and he ruled Spain. It would be nearly 3 centuries until Spain had a Queen ruler. They will again get one, as the current King only has two daughters but they are symbolic.
Powerful Women are ALWAYS described as crazy or witches, back when ALL history was written by Men. Mary Magdalene was NEVER described in the Bible as a harlot until the Church decided to go with that narrative. She was very important and powerful during and after Jesus' Death and Resurrection !!!
@@lucylilith5101 She did have psychiatric issues, that is why they forced her out, first to her father and then her son. Her great-grandson, Carlos, also had this issue. He was the first born to King Phillip II and since his mother died in childbirth, his father had to find another wife. His father's second marriage was to Queen Mary I of England, his first cousin once removed, so it cemented the alliance between the two nations and healed some of the rift Mary's father, Henry VIII, caused. However, they did not produce a child. His third wife, Elizabeth of Valois, produced two daughters, but by that point Carlos was in his late teens causing havoc, so Phillip did not want to wait, if Carlos ended up on the throne he would have complete control unlike Joanna, so he had him locked up and mysteriously died. Thus his daughters became heirs. Elizabeth died in childbirth too, so his fourth wife, Anna of Austria produced a son, Phillip III.
I believe you're correct. She was highly intelligent and capable, but her father had her declared insane and imprisoned in the Royal Convent of Santa Clara in Tordesillas. Ferdinand ruled as regent until his death in 1516. Her son Charles I then ruled as king, made her co-ruler in name only, and kept her prisoner until she died in 1555. I'd be "mad", too.
I think she means politics and misogyny, but I'm not sure. Juana was considered mad because she loved her husband so much that refused to let him be buried (or had him exhumed?) and slept by his corpse. She then retreated from ruling at all, instead secluding herself in darkness and mourning. Or so the men around her made it seem. It's possible that she actually was an astute ruler but as a woman, she was considered weak and was forced into giving up a lot of political power to her nephew(?) and father(?).
Lindsay talks about Juana in other videos. Her story is very sad. She didn't even get to rule: her father, husband and son all took advantage of her mental instability to seize control of her inheritance.
So a while back when I was trying to learn my heritage through DNA tests, I was surprised to learn that on my father's side, I had stronger connections to Ancient Spain than to my German roots. Makes me wonder what the heck they were doing over there
@@ladylunaginaofgames40 agreed like I’m still trying to figure out how in the WORLD did I get south Asian ancestors when I’m A: in America and B: black. Like I need ANSWERS
I always wanted to know about Issabelle of Castile. It’s believed Catherine of Aragon and Mary Tudor both suffered from forms of endometriosis. I always wondered if issabelle did to. Because it trends in families. Endometriosis is hella painful so I find it very interesting to think about these three incredible strong and intelligent women who maintained power even when women where considered so much less then men. Suffering through extreme pain on top of all of that. I don’t know much about Issabelle, I don’t think it’s mentioned anywhere her suffering from painful periods. But it might not have been documented the way Catherine and Mary’s health was. Regardless interesting little thought process on that family.
@@Alejojojo6 it is not always linked to infertility there are many different forms, and they all affect it differently. Also it goes into remission sometimes when pregnant. She could have had it very mildly but that’s fair we have no way of knowing for sure.
Actually you may be onto something. There was an 8 year gap between her first born and second child, and since the first one was a girl, she desperately wanted and tried for a son. She didn't get pregnant again until she underwent some kind of surgery at the hands of a jewish doctor (to whom she remained extremely grateful for the rest of her days). The rest of her children came practically year after year after that.
I've read that Catherine of Aragon's daughter, Mary queen of scots had large cysts or tumors that made her look pregnant, plus I don't think she ever had kids, not sure though. Cysts tend to run in families.
Isabella of Castile is one good example of women empowering. By diplomacy and audacity, she and her husband Ferdinand II of Aragon, reconquered Granada, freed Emir's slaves, and unified Castile + Aragon + Granada. They're practically the founders of Spain. Isabella of Castile had so many enemies (France, Granada, Portugal); and she dealt with them with marvellous strategies.
You should do an episode of Philippa of Lencastre, Queen of Portugal, She is very livre in Portugal and her sons Started the age of Discovery in Portugal! Her marriage to King João I of Portugal markesd the treaty of Windsor, the longest active treaty in the worlds.
@@ruthdweh2779 It's how it's spelled in Portuguese similar to how we refer to Edward III's wife as Philippa of Hainault even though it's pronounced Hainaut in her native tongue.
I recamend checking the youtube channel usefull charts. You can find family conections you probably never knew. He resentlly made a updated videos on the habsburgs and the spanish...if i remember correctlly
A curious fact is that when Juana visited her sister Catalina, her father-in-law, Henry VII, was amazed by the beauty of Juana, when Juana's husband died Enrique wanted to marry Juana, but she refused
IMO Queen Isabel of Castile was probably one of the greatest monarchs ever graced the European reign. BTW, the union between Queen Isabel and King Fernando was match made in heaven.
Well comparitively he was much better than other kings but he wasn't that great a husband cause a lot of times isabel's protests to laws were ignored many times by King Fernado. Isabel protested to the Jews being tortured and flogged and slavery and horrible treatment of the Native Americans but her protests were ignored.
Also more and more historians are coming to the conclusion that they had an icy truce more than a healthy relationship Fernando did not like powerful women and wanted her to stop ruling Castile but they had an treaty for joint ruling He just couldn't execute or divorce her cause doing that would mean losing Castille and also put bad relationships with Isabel's parents .That's why people assume that Fernado loved Isabelle. Proof of that is that she never gave him rulership of Castille in her will
@@sahimdegani9652 history knows Fernando was a scheming snake in the grass. Not defending him at all, but life was more of a chess game when you were monarchy. Plots. Counter-plots. Victories, and revenge. No thank you.
Yay finally I always feel like queens in the Iberian peninsula get side lined not just here but other you tube channels too. So happy that English queens aren’t the only ones getting attention. Love this channel and all your great work keep it up 👍🏽
@@EskimoPagan that was one I never read. My sister specifically forbade me from reading it and I never thought to pick it up from the library without her noticing.
These videos are so good otherwise...not sure why there's usually at least one mispronunciation. It's so easy to look up. English th-cam.com/video/UC4QGhjqQ98/w-d-xo.html Spanish: www.howtopronounce.com/spanish/castile
@Sunbro no such thing as Catholic principles. Pope’s those times pretty well did as they pleased. The pope at Henry’s time was too scared of Spain to upset them and grant Henry an annulment. There were precedents - Eleanore of Aquitaine for examp,e.
Piedathemokona : Isabel I of Castile and her husband King Fernando II of Aragon, have their tomb in the Royal chapel of the cathedral of Granada. Greetings
@@jacoboVE_Cultura Have been there, also Columbus is meant to be in the Cathedral in Sevilla, I was born in Spain, I have been to all the 17 regions, I was born in Barcelona, I live in Australia. Thanks.
I appreciate that you said that Columbus was the first southern European to discover America since Leif Ericson and several other Vikings discovered it century's before but is always forgotten.
It is so pleasant the way you tell all these stories... You are surely a gifted storyteller, Lindsay! Congratulations on this gift you have! We learn a lot from you. How spectacular the combination of History and the works of art... those paintings showing the royal family are so mesmerizing!! Thank you for sharing all this knowledge and beauty with all of us.
Isabel Reina de Castilla was very well suited to be monarch. In our language which is Filipino, we call Spaniards 'Kastila'. So I guess now I understand where it originated, because of the Castilians.
You should go more in depth on Juana the mad sometime... I feel like that would be so interesting to see what scholars debate about? What did they think she suffered from?
I’d really like to see a video on her. The traditional narrative is that she was incredibly highly strung/hysterical (as women always are 🙄) and madly in love with her unfaithful husband. They say she suffered from fits of jealously before his death, then depression after it. From the more recent historical perspectives I read her husband and father basically made her out to be mad, in order to take power from her and rule in her place. Basically, whenever she got pissed off at her husband’s cheating or bad behaviour they’d frame it as ‘madness’. To make her appear weaker and more pathetic they said it was because she was hopelessly in love with her husband (when in reality she may have loathed him after she found out what he was). Then the part about her parading around with her husband’s dead body could have been more to do with promoting the legitimacy of her children, rather than affection for their father.
She didn't suffer from anything. She was not mad, she discovered that her Husband Phillip of Haupsburg was being unfaithful and accused him of cheating, in retaliation Phillip said she was mad and, as king of Spain and descendant of the Haupsburg family line, his words were more powerful than hers. If so, she was mad of jealousy.
I actually read a book about her a long time ago; I believe it was called Three Queens or something like that. It sounded like she was bipolar as the book described periods of her being depressed (usually after finding out her husband was unfaithful)and then periods of mania. Her grandmother had been locked up as well so it definitely was an inherited issue.
@@SallyTheWolf I just felt like making the comment, most people know. I am old, I am from Barcelona, I have been in OZ for 60 years, but I learned history at school in Spain, I came over at 14.
Isabella had a very strong claim to the English Crown, being descended from Edward III of England's son John of Gaunt, via John's two daughters Philippa and Katherine of Lancaster.
'very strong' is overstating the situation by a lot; if one takes the Beaufort children as legitimate (which by English & Canon law they were; they were legitimated by the Pope & declared legitimate for all dignities twice-over by Act of Parliament during the reign of King Richard II. While Henry IV tried to reverse the Act of Parliament, he did so by extralegal means; only an Act of Parliament can undo a prior Act of Parliament, yet Henry did not pass his amendments thru Parliament. Thus, only the original act had legal force), then the descendants of John de Beaufort, 1st earl of Somerset, have a better claim. This is b/c half-brothers come b/f full-sisters in feudal inheritance. Even if said sisters *did* have a better claim, Isabella would not be the heir of this claim; she is the lineal heir of Catherine of Lancaster, queen of Castile, who was John of Gaunt's only child by his 2nd wife, Constance of Castile. However, Gaunt had issue by his 1st marriage, which would have come b/f Catherine's descendants. While Isabella descends from Philippa of Lancaster, queen of Portugal as well, she is not the heir of this line; she descends from John, constable of Portugal, Philippa's younger son. John the constable had elder brothers, namely Edward, king of Portugal. If John of Gaunt's daughters came b/f his sons (which, as I mentioned, they didn't), then it would be Edward's line which took precedence. On the death of Henry VI, this would have been John II of Portugal. In Isabella's day it would have been Manuel I, king of Portugal. His heirs would be thru his youngest son Duarte, 4th duke of Guimarães, as the elder sons died w/out issue. And this isn't even getting into the fact that foreign rulers were assumed ineligible for the English crown anyway; Edward III explicitly barred anyone not born on English soil as unfit for the crown. Since Isabella wasn't born (or raised) in England, this would have left her ineligible. I know everyone stans the House of York & Catherine of Aragon, but Henry VII & his son Henry VIII did indeed have the best Lancastrian claim to the English crown in those days. Shocking, I know.
Just a quick note, 'conversos' were also called 'marranos', and was used in a derogatory manner to refer to the jewish community who converted to Catholicism. Thank you for a fantastic video 👍
@@franciscomm7675 Thank you for that detail. It is interesting how before the Inquisition, the Jewish community and the Christian community were somewhat integrated. Iam not saying that they lived in harmony, but there was an understanding and an appreciation on both sides. Unfortunately, all that changed once suspicion and religious fears started to dominate the narrative at the time.
@@lemayllorente9567 There was a great deal of political pressure by outside nations for Castile to oppress Jews and Muslims. Other European leaders leveraged potential marital alliances for expulsion.
HOLY CRAP!!! i requested this biography a week ago in one of your videos and i knew you would eventually will get to it since you probably had a long list!!!! but wow never did i expect you to do it so quick!!! thank you thank you thank you you are the best. i feel kinda special although you probably didn't make this video because i asked for it, i would like to think you did. thank you Lindsay
Many of the portraits shown here are either from different historical women or portraits drawn decades and centuries later. Some portraits here are her though.
Great video, though you are mispronouncing Castile. Queen Isabella was an exceptional woman and monarch. You did a fantastic job of telling her story, good and bad. Please keep the outstanding videos coming and God bless you, my friend!
@@laraanne5133Not even close. What isabel of Castilla achieved, her bravery and talent, and many other virtues placed so over any other historical figure. The only women that cut human history in two
I just LOVE her! an exeptional women, she and Fernando were the ultimate power couple. I highly recomend you all to watch 'Isabel', this drama is amazing.
@tasha cork She wasn't a saint, nor her daugher Isabel who was responsible for the persecution of the Jews in Portugal. They were too religious without much tolerance, but Isabel was still a great queen and a women ahead of her time.
@tasha cork not correct. Please check the facts. She did two “unpleasant” things however 1. She installed the inquisition. Of course this only applied to Catholics so a Jew had nothing to worry about. Of course the reason the inquisition was installed was because the coversos, ex Jews who had converted and who seemed to occupy all the top positions (many of isabellas top ministers were conversos) were suspected of being insincere Christians. There was a lot of envy 2. She finally expelled the Jews in 1492. This is after 20 years of trying to protect them against the sectarian violence and riots and infighting that broke out. Early in her reign she proclaimed herself the protector of the Jews. So her solution was to convert them all and those who didn’t would have to leave. Other countries such as England and France had already expelled the Jews but this event was still a major tragedy. Many took advantage and probably the worst was king john of Portugal who accepted them so long as they paid a huge entry fee only to expel them a year later when he had gotten all he could. Isabellas close confident and treasurer Abraham Senor was Jewish and converted. Isabella was his godmother at his baptism. Ferdinand The Godfather
Neither King Ferdinand nor Queen Isabella were under the House of Castile. They were under House of Trastamara, which is an illegitimate line of House of Burgundy (not to be confused with the French royal House of Burgundy in Portugal or the French royal House of Valois-Burgundy in France during 100 year war), and House of Ivrea going further back.
“In defiance of his father’s Will, he sent his stepmother and half-siblings to live in a dilapidated castle and left them nearly destitute”…. Mkay, Mr Enrique Dashwood
@@epifaniodelossantos3263 She's the reason Spain is still inhabited by Spaniards and the reason why Spain had a huge influence in the new world. She was probably the most influential monarch in the history of Spain.
This video was great!!! Isabella was a very interesting ruler and so much happened during her reign. although what she did to the Muslims and Jews was horrible.
@Patricia McCoy anyone who kills people based solely off of their religious beliefs (unless those people are harming them) Is a bad person. Unless someone is harming you then you don't have the right to harm them.
@Patricia McCoy At least the Ottomans didn't do what she did, many of those kidnapped Christians became Ottoman statesmen and lived a life that Europe couldn't offer them.
I absolutely love your videos, and I love that you honestly try to use the person’s own language to pronounce names. So, Castilla is “cas-TEE-ia”, not “cas-tee-LEH”. 😁
I didn't know that the king of Portugal married his dead wife's daughter. I find quite ironic that he married his wife's sister and had 10 children, whereas Henry VIII married his brother's widow and had just one daughter. It is even within the same family 😅
First Queen of Hispanic America .God bless her on her reunification of Hispania , her works to protect the rights of her new Amerindian subjects , her expansion of the Spanish territory and her works for the Holy Faith .
I like your voice and the speed of you narration. It's not fast so that it's easy to follow because there are many unfamiliar names and many royal names are alike.
Her daughter Katherine had hard luck in marriage with Henry Viii. Parents may have been lucky getting her married off to Arthur but Katherine's end was sad all because she had no surviving son. Thanks for sharing about the great queen Isabel.
Catherine inherited her mother's military prowess as she was probably the real commander at Flodden Field. Henry was off fighting the French and the Scots looked to take advantage of the absence of most of the English army. Though greatly outnumbered, the English still routed the Scots, killing King James IV in the process.
Please pray for Isabel to become a Catholic saint someday, my country would have never been Christian if it weren't for her vision that Carlos V and Felipe II later continued here. I am dedicated to name my first of many children after her.
"She gave birth to ten children... died at 34 years old from exhaustion." Well of course she did! Jesus that's a lot of stress on a body.
Women have had more children than 10, and lived to tell about it. Her death was probably more about the terrible health conditions of the time...
Right?! I'm 34 now and have never given birth (not yet anyways) and that's scary!!!
she stressed out juana too much
I grew up in circles where 7 - 14 kids was totally normal. I'm one of 9 kids. No one died of exhaustion. These women having lots of kids and dying is because the health care was so awful and the post partum care was even worse.
I know a lot of women that had ten or more children and are still alive today. It wasn’t exhaustion, probably more like the living conditions of those times.
In an age dominated by men, where queens were perceived as weak and incapable of governing, Isabel of Castille proved just to the opposite to the world. She was a worrior. Not only did she participated in several military campaigns against Portugal, the disloyal feudal lords and the Muslims, but she also was at the forefront of her army. She is a highly controversial historical figure who has been misunderstood many times. Contemporary historians claim that at the end of her days she regretted having expelled the Jews and that she was truely concerned about the safety of the indigenous peoples of the Caribbean. In her will she left instructions to her successor to protect the indigenous peoples of the New World, instructions which were ignored by her husband and by the conquistadors.
If you gonna write her name in proper way so do the rest with her title. Isabel Reina de Castilla
Even if she regretted her decisions later in life it was of no use because the damage was already done. Many Jews were forced out of their homes. Not only Jews but also Muslims suffered the same fate, they were forcefully converted and then by an edict in 1609 were exiled.
...Don't you know that Europeans saw Andalusia as a scientific center and books authored by Muslims were studied by many European scholars? The scientific age of Andalusia literally ended when she expelled the Muslims from the peninsula.
She started the spanish inquitition,are you happy about that?Go to any museum and think of that womens face when you see all of the preserved torture devices from the inquitition.Edgar Allen Poe got his inspiration for the story Pit and the Pendulum,off of a real device created during the inquitition.
The fuck you said about "the Muslims" and changed your narrative about "the Jews" later
"Castilay" bothered me more than it should...
Yes, but I can understand. Sometimes it's difficult to pronounce names of locations with another language.
I mean, I understand that spanish can be difficult but sometimes it kinda feels like people don’t even try :(
@@almaordonez5245 Castile is the English name for Castilla, though. So it's not even another language. I think that's where the misunderstanding came in, because if Castile WAS the Spanish name, Lindsay's pronunciation would actually be correct.
@@TheBc99 - I thought, and I could be wrong - that Castile was a Spanish word for _castle_. And Aragon was name of a river in the north of Spain - and based on the Basque word for _valley_. But your pronunciation is correct.
@@pawwalker3492 No, her pronunciation is still wrong in English. It should be pronounced "casteel" in English. In Spanish the word is castilla and is pronounced castEEyah or castEELyah.
Catherine Of Aragon was a photo copy of her mother, wished Arthur hadn’t died and Henry wouldn’t have became king
Isn't it fascinating to wonder what would have happened if Henry hadn't been king? Though, to be honest I could easily see him killing or overthrowing his brother if he hadn't died. Ugh, I hate him! He was married to so many groundbreaking women who were ready to change the shape of the world, and he discarded, suppressed, or killed them all. -__-
@@theladyfausta I completely agree, it's such a shame that those women were born into that time period, they were such powerful people, Anne Boleyn did aid the change of the country with the idea of protestant reform. However, before he took the throne he was set to go into the life of the Church as the role of the second born son demands, and before his accident where he fell off of his horse, he was a very well liked and respected King who was always very active. After his accident many said he suffered a brain injury which caused a personality shift (but we don't know for sure). Although the actions towards his wives and mistresses was inexcusable we do have to at least accept that this wasn't terribly uncommon or new behavior for a King at this time. But I do fully agree with your statement, Arthur would have been a good King.
Without henry you won't get Elizabeth I
the only achievment that henry has
That is pretty unlikely, as Henry seemed pretty stable before his reign up until his succesion issues
@@theladyfausta i believe Henry wanted to become part of the curch ironically
Juana of Castile, not the mad. History made her look as a mad woman for being jealous. Her own father, husband and son didn't want Juana to rule because was a woman.
Juana eventually had to cede power to her son and he ruled Spain. It would be nearly 3 centuries until Spain had a Queen ruler. They will again get one, as the current King only has two daughters but they are symbolic.
Powerful Women are ALWAYS described as crazy or witches, back when ALL history was written by Men. Mary Magdalene was NEVER described in the Bible as a harlot until the Church decided to go with that narrative. She was very important and powerful during and after Jesus' Death and Resurrection !!!
I thought she was called mad because of other things, she refused to let go of her dead husband's body and insisted on hugging and sleeping with it.
@@lucylilith5101 She did have psychiatric issues, that is why they forced her out, first to her father and then her son. Her great-grandson, Carlos, also had this issue. He was the first born to King Phillip II and since his mother died in childbirth, his father had to find another wife. His father's second marriage was to Queen Mary I of England, his first cousin once removed, so it cemented the alliance between the two nations and healed some of the rift Mary's father, Henry VIII, caused. However, they did not produce a child. His third wife, Elizabeth of Valois, produced two daughters, but by that point Carlos was in his late teens causing havoc, so Phillip did not want to wait, if Carlos ended up on the throne he would have complete control unlike Joanna, so he had him locked up and mysteriously died. Thus his daughters became heirs. Elizabeth died in childbirth too, so his fourth wife, Anna of Austria produced a son, Phillip III.
I believe you're correct. She was highly intelligent and capable, but her father had her declared insane and imprisoned in the Royal Convent of Santa Clara in Tordesillas. Ferdinand ruled as regent until his death in 1516. Her son Charles I then ruled as king, made her co-ruler in name only, and kept her prisoner until she died in 1555. I'd be "mad", too.
"There may have been darker forces at work" now I'm curious about Juana's reign!
So they tryed to get the Spain jew to convert that's crazy
I think she means politics and misogyny, but I'm not sure. Juana was considered mad because she loved her husband so much that refused to let him be buried (or had him exhumed?) and slept by his corpse. She then retreated from ruling at all, instead secluding herself in darkness and mourning.
Or so the men around her made it seem. It's possible that she actually was an astute ruler but as a woman, she was considered weak and was forced into giving up a lot of political power to her nephew(?) and father(?).
Lindsay talks about Juana in other videos. Her story is very sad. She didn't even get to rule: her father, husband and son all took advantage of her mental instability to seize control of her inheritance.
Lindsay included her story in the video Royal Inbreeding: The Houses of Europe. It's a great video!
@@leviblevins513 thanks! I had forgotten the exact video
So a while back when I was trying to learn my heritage through DNA tests, I was surprised to learn that on my father's side, I had stronger connections to Ancient Spain than to my German roots. Makes me wonder what the heck they were doing over there
Oh me too I’m like oh wow, like I’m linked to Spain and Portugal
@@Tekirai The Spanish are everywhere these days
The grandson of Isabel was king of Spain and Germany, so maybe that is when your heritage starts to mix
@@ladylunaginaofgames40 agreed like I’m still trying to figure out how in the WORLD did I get south Asian ancestors when I’m A: in America and B: black. Like I need ANSWERS
@@Tekirai Depends on where you live.
I always wanted to know about Issabelle of Castile. It’s believed Catherine of Aragon and Mary Tudor both suffered from forms of endometriosis. I always wondered if issabelle did to. Because it trends in families. Endometriosis is hella painful so I find it very interesting to think about these three incredible strong and intelligent women who maintained power even when women where considered so much less then men. Suffering through extreme pain on top of all of that. I don’t know much about Issabelle, I don’t think it’s mentioned anywhere her suffering from painful periods. But it might not have been documented the way Catherine and Mary’s health was.
Regardless interesting little thought process on that family.
Probably not. Because endometriosis is linked with low fertilty and Isabel had many sons (up to 7 births or more).
@@Alejojojo6 it is not always linked to infertility there are many different forms, and they all affect it differently. Also it goes into remission sometimes when pregnant. She could have had it very mildly but that’s fair we have no way of knowing for sure.
Actually you may be onto something. There was an 8 year gap between her first born and second child, and since the first one was a girl, she desperately wanted and tried for a son. She didn't get pregnant again until she underwent some kind of surgery at the hands of a jewish doctor (to whom she remained extremely grateful for the rest of her days). The rest of her children came practically year after year after that.
Ps: Also, the cause of death is belived to have been ovarian cancer.
I've read that Catherine of Aragon's daughter, Mary queen of scots had large cysts or tumors that made her look pregnant, plus I don't think she ever had kids, not sure though. Cysts tend to run in families.
Isabella of Castile is one good example of women empowering. By diplomacy and audacity, she and her husband Ferdinand II of Aragon, reconquered Granada, freed Emir's slaves, and unified Castile + Aragon + Granada. They're practically the founders of Spain.
Isabella of Castile had so many enemies (France, Granada, Portugal); and she dealt with them with marvellous strategies.
And discovered America
All thanks to men though
I appreciate the way you use the correct names and pronunciation of Isabel and Fernando as opposed to the way others have dubbed them. Thank you
I'd always thought it was pronounced "Cas-steel-lay" , does she pronounce Castile the Spanish way? Good on her!
@@i-am-luisa that does, thank you so much 🤗
@@katedix5248 in spanish is Castilla but its fine!
You should do an episode of Philippa of Lencastre, Queen of Portugal, She is very livre in Portugal and her sons Started the age of Discovery in Portugal! Her marriage to King João I of Portugal markesd the treaty of Windsor, the longest active treaty in the worlds.
It’s Lancaster
@@ruthdweh2779 It's how it's spelled in Portuguese similar to how we refer to Edward III's wife as Philippa of Hainault even though it's pronounced Hainaut in her native tongue.
⁰⁰00⁰⁰0⁰0⁰⁰⁰⁰00
Juana the Mad was Catherine’s sister? i feel like i should have known this but hey, you learn something new everyday!
Yeah
I recamend checking the youtube channel usefull charts. You can find family conections you probably never knew. He resentlly made a updated videos on the habsburgs and the spanish...if i remember correctlly
@@SallyTheWolf I love Useful Charts!
A curious fact is that when Juana visited her sister Catalina, her father-in-law, Henry VII, was amazed by the beauty of Juana, when Juana's husband died Enrique wanted to marry Juana, but she refused
"fun fact" all of the royal houses of Europe have some portuguese or Spanish blood in them, most often is both.
IMO Queen Isabel of Castile was probably one of the greatest monarchs ever graced the European reign.
BTW, the union between Queen Isabel and King Fernando was match made in heaven.
Well comparitively he was much better than other kings but he wasn't that great a husband cause a lot of times isabel's protests to laws were ignored many times by King Fernado. Isabel protested to the Jews being tortured and flogged and slavery and horrible treatment of the Native Americans but her protests were ignored.
Also more and more historians are coming to the conclusion that they had an icy truce more than a healthy relationship
Fernando did not like powerful women and wanted her to stop ruling Castile but they had an treaty for joint ruling
He just couldn't execute or divorce her cause doing that would mean losing Castille and also put bad relationships with Isabel's parents .That's why people assume that Fernado loved Isabelle.
Proof of that is that she never gave him rulership of Castille in her will
Or a match made in hell if you were Jewish or Native American 🙂
@@sahimdegani9652 There's also the fact that he constantly cheated on her.
@@sahimdegani9652 history knows Fernando was a scheming snake in the grass.
Not defending him at all, but life was more of a chess game when you were monarchy.
Plots. Counter-plots. Victories, and revenge. No thank you.
Yay finally I always feel like queens in the Iberian peninsula get side lined not just here but other you tube channels too. So happy that English queens aren’t the only ones getting attention. Love this channel and all your great work keep it up 👍🏽
Been waiting for this one! One of the most important and influential women and people in world history
Long story short:
It was Ferdinand’s fault that we are here.
Dios salve del lobo. A nuestra cordera
Where?
@@anomalocaris3085
No comprendo. ¿Es una metáfora?
What do you mean???
Entonces gracias Fernando
I had one of those historical princess diaries for Isabel. It was very interesting. I enjoyed it very much.
I HAD IT TOO! Great book! So glad Lindsay made a video about her!
Which one?
I loved those books!
I loved those books as well, especially the one on Cleopatra!
@@EskimoPagan that was one I never read. My sister specifically forbade me from reading it and I never thought to pick it up from the library without her noticing.
Nobody expects the Spanish Inquisition
I just SCREAMED!! 🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣
THANK YOU
"something nobody expected" haha ...yeah we see what you did there 😏
😂 😂 😂, Brilliant 👌
i was ganna comment this if no one else did lol
It's pronounced "Kah-steel". Or Castilla "Kah-stee-ah" in Spanish.
Why call pronounce Castile like that? It’s not even pronounced that in English. And it’s Castilla in Spanish pronunciation
These videos are so good otherwise...not sure why there's usually at least one mispronunciation. It's so easy to look up. English th-cam.com/video/UC4QGhjqQ98/w-d-xo.html
Spanish: www.howtopronounce.com/spanish/castile
Casteel none of that Castilay stuff!
yeah its either cas-steel or cas-stee-yay
@@floraposteschild4184 Im so glad somebody said something, that was bugging me too.
@Wyn S NO its about correct pronunciation.
I've been waiting for this for sooooo long.
Catherine of Aragon was not beheaded. She never accepted the annulment of her marriage.
Neither does the Pope accept the annulment of her marriage
@@zosimo133 ironic really. Had the pope gone along with the annulment, he wouldn’t have lost Catholic England. I suppose it’s a sort of karma.
@Sunbro no such thing as Catholic principles. Pope’s those times pretty well did as they pleased. The pope at Henry’s time was too scared of Spain to upset them and grant Henry an annulment. There were precedents - Eleanore of Aquitaine for examp,e.
I think Catherine of Aragon was better off with king Arthur.
@@togapeneueta9466The bad thing is, Arthur died. One must wonder how history would've changed had Arthur become king and had kids by Catherine.
I think she is the reason why the queen on Chess is the most powerful piece.
yep. that's actually true.
My mother used to live in Spain and she saw Isabelles grave
OMG I'm jealous of her 😂 My uncle lives in Spain and he never went to her grave (what a waste) 😒
Wow amazing 😉 in my bucket list for sure
There is not such name as Isabella, that's Italian, in Spanish is ISABEL.
Piedathemokona : Isabel I of Castile and her husband King Fernando II of Aragon, have their tomb in the Royal chapel of the cathedral of Granada. Greetings
@@jacoboVE_Cultura Have been there, also Columbus is meant to be in the Cathedral in Sevilla, I was born in Spain, I have been to all the 17 regions, I was born in Barcelona, I live in Australia. Thanks.
*Me running to the comment section* I’M COMING SWEETHEART
Lol
Katherine?
I appreciate that you said that Columbus was the first southern European to discover America since Leif Ericson and several other Vikings discovered it century's before but is always forgotten.
I totally forgot about him he did some pretty badass stuff
@@kkandsims4612 He did
you said it “SOUTHERN european”
It is not about Who was there first, but Who made it known to the World. In that case it is Colombus and the Kings of Spain Who made it known.
anyway the Natives were the first one to discover America whichever european laid eyes on us first is truly irrelevant
It is so pleasant the way you tell all these stories... You are surely a gifted storyteller, Lindsay! Congratulations on this gift you have! We learn a lot from you. How spectacular the combination of History and the works of art... those paintings showing the royal family are so mesmerizing!! Thank you for sharing all this knowledge and beauty with all of us.
This queen seems very underrated. Thank you for this video
Isabel Reina de Castilla was very well suited to be monarch. In our language which is Filipino, we call Spaniards 'Kastila'. So I guess now I understand where it originated, because of the Castilians.
Isabella I is one of my ancestors! It’s so interesting to hear more about her life. Thank you! :)
She is crazy murder she forced thousands of Muslims to convert their religion and then she killed them !!!!!!!
@@fadelaelzalet8674 Suleiman 2.0
Your mispronunciation of Castile is off-putting. Every site I went to to verify that I wasn't saying it wrong pronounced it as casteel not castiley.
Yes!!! I love Lindsay's videos but this got me annoyed.
All her videos have mistakes in them.
Love her story! Thank you for doing a video on her!! 💙💙
Love her sm!! she's one of my favourite monarchs. And i love her youngest daughter more than anything 🤩🤩
me too.Catalina will forever be my favorite queen!
@@taggartmaclay7710 the superior queen 😍💕
@@taggartmaclay7710 We have to admit it
That's your mother
@@whydoikinsoowon
You just shocked me beyond belief
You should go more in depth on Juana the mad sometime... I feel like that would be so interesting to see what scholars debate about? What did they think she suffered from?
I’d really like to see a video on her. The traditional narrative is that she was incredibly highly strung/hysterical (as women always are 🙄) and madly in love with her unfaithful husband. They say she suffered from fits of jealously before his death, then depression after it.
From the more recent historical perspectives I read her husband and father basically made her out to be mad, in order to take power from her and rule in her place. Basically, whenever she got pissed off at her husband’s cheating or bad behaviour they’d frame it as ‘madness’. To make her appear weaker and more pathetic they said it was because she was hopelessly in love with her husband (when in reality she may have loathed him after she found out what he was). Then the part about her parading around with her husband’s dead body could have been more to do with promoting the legitimacy of her children, rather than affection for their father.
For someone, who was "mad", she lived a very long life. I believer she died in 1555, three years before for son Charles.
She didn't suffer from anything. She was not mad, she discovered that her Husband Phillip of Haupsburg was being unfaithful and accused him of cheating, in retaliation Phillip said she was mad and, as king of Spain and descendant of the Haupsburg family line, his words were more powerful than hers.
If so, she was mad of jealousy.
I actually read a book about her a long time ago; I believe it was called Three Queens or something like that. It sounded like she was bipolar as the book described periods of her being depressed (usually after finding out her husband was unfaithful)and then periods of mania. Her grandmother had been locked up as well so it definitely was an inherited issue.
Long story short:
It was Ferdinand’s fault that we are here.
Finally yes. I wanted to know abot the spanish family
Me too!!!
Same here
Yes, Isabel was the queen who gave Columbus the funds to buy the 3 Carabels (ships) to go to the New World.
@@carmen47freixas96 i knew that from usefylcharts video on the spanish monarchs
@@SallyTheWolf I just felt like making the comment, most people know. I am old, I am from Barcelona, I have been in OZ for 60 years, but I learned history at school in Spain, I came over at 14.
Thanks, Lindsay!
Isabella had a very strong claim to the English Crown, being descended from Edward III of England's son John of Gaunt, via John's two daughters Philippa and Katherine of Lancaster.
'very strong' is overstating the situation by a lot; if one takes the Beaufort children as legitimate (which by English & Canon law they were; they were legitimated by the Pope & declared legitimate for all dignities twice-over by Act of Parliament during the reign of King Richard II.
While Henry IV tried to reverse the Act of Parliament, he did so by extralegal means; only an Act of Parliament can undo a prior Act of Parliament, yet Henry did not pass his amendments thru Parliament. Thus, only the original act had legal force), then the descendants of John de Beaufort, 1st earl of Somerset, have a better claim.
This is b/c half-brothers come b/f full-sisters in feudal inheritance. Even if said sisters *did* have a better claim, Isabella would not be the heir of this claim; she is the lineal heir of Catherine of Lancaster, queen of Castile, who was John of Gaunt's only child by his 2nd wife, Constance of Castile. However, Gaunt had issue by his 1st marriage, which would have come b/f Catherine's descendants.
While Isabella descends from Philippa of Lancaster, queen of Portugal as well, she is not the heir of this line; she descends from John, constable of Portugal, Philippa's younger son. John the constable had elder brothers, namely Edward, king of Portugal. If John of Gaunt's daughters came b/f his sons (which, as I mentioned, they didn't), then it would be Edward's line which took precedence.
On the death of Henry VI, this would have been John II of Portugal. In Isabella's day it would have been Manuel I, king of Portugal. His heirs would be thru his youngest son Duarte, 4th duke of Guimarães, as the elder sons died w/out issue.
And this isn't even getting into the fact that foreign rulers were assumed ineligible for the English crown anyway; Edward III explicitly barred anyone not born on English soil as unfit for the crown. Since Isabella wasn't born (or raised) in England, this would have left her ineligible.
I know everyone stans the House of York & Catherine of Aragon, but Henry VII & his son Henry VIII did indeed have the best Lancastrian claim to the English crown in those days. Shocking, I know.
Just a quick note, 'conversos' were also called 'marranos', and was used in a derogatory manner to refer to the jewish community who converted to Catholicism. Thank you for a fantastic video 👍
And the muslims who were forced to convert to Christianity were called “Moriscos”
@@franciscomm7675 Thank you for that detail. It is interesting how before the Inquisition, the Jewish community and the Christian community were somewhat integrated. Iam not saying that they lived in harmony, but there was an understanding and an appreciation on both sides. Unfortunately, all that changed once suspicion and religious fears started to dominate the narrative at the time.
@@lemayllorente9567 There was a great deal of political pressure by outside nations for Castile to oppress Jews and Muslims. Other European leaders leveraged potential marital alliances for expulsion.
Yes. Thank you so much for doing this. I was waiting for this one so bad. Thank you so much for this video. 🥰🥰🥰
Isabel's childhood sounds kind of like *Sense and Sensibility*
Spanish women have always been strong willed and powerful since the Middle Ages, if going to be compared to European women in other countries.
I think her story is very interesting and I really wanted to see a video about her!😍 Another great video! 💖
HOLY CRAP!!! i requested this biography a week ago in one of your videos and i knew you would eventually will get to it since you probably had a long list!!!! but wow never did i expect you to do it so quick!!! thank you thank you thank you you are the best. i feel kinda special although you probably didn't make this video because i asked for it, i would like to think you did. thank you Lindsay
She's so gorgeous, I really have a crush on her!
Many of the portraits shown here are either from different historical women or portraits drawn decades and centuries later. Some portraits here are her though.
same
Bro she’s dead
@@thomasmurray2000 Obviously
@@kaigater thanks mate I was 50/50 on whether or not she was dead, put this comment so you could reassure me
The greatest queen in history.
..and the most unhygienic.
@@kasp5426 and "queen" elizabeth is a hermaphrodite.
Nah Victoria is
@@kasp5426 ✨no✨
@@ABC-jt9cm nah
Great video as always Lindsay! ❤️
Lindsay really needs to do Urraca of Leon.
Great video, though you are mispronouncing Castile. Queen Isabella was an exceptional woman and monarch. You did a fantastic job of telling her story, good and bad. Please keep the outstanding videos coming and God bless you, my friend!
I appreciate the fact that u pronounce the names in spanish, nice videos I love your channel
Luv ur videos so much. I hope u keep making more videos. Ur videos help me relax a lot❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️
Please dont call Castile like that, it is not even said like that in Spanish
Cast eel lay
Right, I have literally NEVER heard anyone pronounce it that way. Casteeeel, yeah, Casteeya, okay, but Castelay? NO.
@@nomaam8683 I checked google translate in Spanish and English, none say "Castiley"
Make a TH-cam video yourself and do it well like this and you can say what you want and everything 🤷♀️
@@Ashley-og3kp Not a bad idea, thanks! But I have to get some free time to do it, I am working a lot
I'd say she's *THE* most influential woman in history.
That s elizabeth the 1st
@@laraanne5133Not even close. What isabel of Castilla achieved, her bravery and talent, and many other virtues placed so over any other historical figure.
The only women that cut human history in two
Love this channel and the extra focus on queens!
A woman truly ahead of her time!
Even in her personal hygiene? 😂
@@kasp5426 Oh honey, no one in Europe was back then 😂
she was the bride of Satan
@@kasp5426yes. Forget about all these fake stories, absolutely made up centuries later
I found it hilarious how you pronounced Castile. I will forever now use this funny pronunciation. Made my day TY!
I just LOVE her! an exeptional women, she and Fernando were the ultimate power couple. I highly recomend you all to watch 'Isabel', this drama is amazing.
@tasha cork ...... wait what
@@arianator7825
You didn’t know those two lunatics started the Spanish Inquisition? Really?
@tasha cork She wasn't a saint, nor her daugher Isabel who was responsible for the persecution of the Jews in Portugal. They were too religious without much tolerance, but Isabel was still a great queen and a women ahead of her time.
@tasha cork not correct.
Please check the facts. She did two “unpleasant” things however
1. She installed the inquisition. Of course this only applied to Catholics so a Jew had nothing to worry about. Of course the reason the inquisition was installed was because the coversos, ex Jews who had converted and who seemed to occupy all the top positions (many of isabellas top ministers were conversos) were suspected of being insincere Christians. There was a lot of envy
2. She finally expelled the Jews in 1492. This is after 20 years of trying to protect them against the sectarian violence and riots and infighting that broke out. Early in her reign she proclaimed herself the protector of the Jews. So her solution was to convert them all and those who didn’t would have to leave. Other countries such as England and France had already expelled the Jews but this event was still a major tragedy. Many took advantage and probably the worst was king john of Portugal who accepted them so long as they paid a huge entry fee only to expel them a year later when he had gotten all he could. Isabellas close confident and treasurer Abraham Senor was Jewish and converted. Isabella was his godmother at his baptism. Ferdinand The Godfather
I watched the series! Loved it! Not to mention we share birthdays 🎂 so that’s like super cute.
The was VERY informative and pleasant to listen to! Heard it from beginning to end! Interesting stuff!
How on earth did you decide on *Castilay* out of all the possibilities?
That was amazing like always! Can you do something about Egyptian queens like queen Nefertari wife of Ramses ii❤️🌸
I loved this and the artwork. Thank you learning Spanish history
Isabel I ancestor Urraca needs her own spotlight.
I’m distantly related to the house of Castile , so this video should be a blast!
Very cool!
Must be very distantly because that house doesn't exist xD
Neither King Ferdinand nor Queen Isabella were under the House of Castile. They were under House of Trastamara, which is an illegitimate line of House of Burgundy (not to be confused with the French royal House of Burgundy in Portugal or the French royal House of Valois-Burgundy in France during 100 year war), and House of Ivrea going further back.
I love your videos!
Thank you for these videos!! I absolutely love them and I can't wait to watch them 🖤🖤
"Let's face it, you can't Torquemada anything!"
Hey Torqeuemada, what do you say?!
@@cristinabuffington9659 We got a little game that you might wanna play! So pull that handle, try your luck!
@@bookwyvern5994 Who knows, Tuck, you might win a buck?
The Inquisition...
Let's begin!
The Inquisition...
Look out, sin!
I love European History, so fascinating!
You should make a video on all of the queens that reigned Spain plsss
I've been waiting for you to do a video on Isabel! Me encanto. Please consider doing a video about Juana I(la loca) or Isabel II!
Nobody Expects Me to Be this Early in the Comments!!
(Sorry, I had to. Love the video, always keep up the good work!)
“In defiance of his father’s Will, he sent his stepmother and half-siblings to live in a dilapidated castle and left them nearly destitute”….
Mkay, Mr Enrique Dashwood
Con ella empezó todo SU MAJESTAD ISABEL I DE ESPAÑA, LA REINA CATÓLICA
This video is 17:18 minutes long and that is very satisfying. Also a great vid👍🏻
She was the one.who started the time of greatmess of Spain in the world❤️🇪🇦
She was the female Hitler-- How shameful for Spain
@@epifaniodelossantos3263 She's the reason Spain is still inhabited by Spaniards and the reason why Spain had a huge influence in the new world. She was probably the most influential monarch in the history of Spain.
Thank you for all your efforts I really enjoy your channel ♥️♥️♥️
Such sensational insight of their lives. I would've expected her to live longer for being Spain's great queen.
oh this one a great one!!! thanks lindsay!
I love this!❤
AWESOME!!! SHE IS AN ANCESTOR TO ME & ITS GREAT TO LEARN ABOUT THEM..
This video was great!!! Isabella was a very interesting ruler and so much happened during her reign. although what she did to the Muslims and Jews was horrible.
@Patricia McCoy anyone who kills people based solely off of their religious beliefs (unless those people are harming them) Is a bad person. Unless someone is harming you then you don't have the right to harm them.
@Patricia McCoy
At least the Ottomans didn't do what she did, many of those kidnapped Christians became Ottoman statesmen and lived a life that Europe couldn't offer them.
It's just history let it go
@Patricia McCoy true words
True
I am really thankful for this channel bc you almost never learn about female monarchs in US schools.
I love how you pronounced Castile. But in Spanish is Castilla (Kastiya). The land of the Castles
Sí-
@@whydoikinsoowon
**laughs in Spanish**
@@lollipop96537 *softly laughs in catalan*
La Tierra de los Castillos
@@lollipop96537 sip
Nice video I enjoyed it can't wait to see more soon 😀😄
I absolutely love your videos, and I love that you honestly try to use the person’s own language to pronounce names. So, Castilla is “cas-TEE-ia”, not “cas-tee-LEH”. 😁
That was a really tactful way to put that well done
She said both
The way it is spelled, Lindsay says it correctly. It IS pronounced "cas-tee-LEH."
I really love these videos.
I didn't know that the king of Portugal married his dead wife's daughter. I find quite ironic that he married his wife's sister and had 10 children, whereas Henry VIII married his brother's widow and had just one daughter. It is even within the same family 😅
Fascinating! Extraordinarily well researched. I’m a history buff and appreciate your attitude and presentation. (Serious but not grim)
First Queen of Hispanic America .God bless her on her reunification of Hispania , her works to protect the rights of her new Amerindian subjects , her expansion of the Spanish territory and her works for the Holy Faith .
For which she now burns in Hell
This is useful for me! As I love History and I learn English! I´m really thankful!!
Thankyou for this video, the videos you do on queens and princesses are my favourite ones!
I like your voice and the speed of you narration. It's not fast so that it's easy to follow because there are many unfamiliar names and many royal names are alike.
Yes! Can you do Juana next?
I love this channel. I always learn something new ❤️
Thanks for this video. Very interesting. Castile is pronounced Kaa-STEEL, in English, or Caah-STEE-Yah, in Spanish.
Another very researched series
I wonder when will you do a few episodes about the history of the Philippines :)
Yeah, in the Philippines we have Princess Urduja
Her daughter Katherine had hard luck in marriage with Henry Viii. Parents may have been lucky getting her married off to Arthur but Katherine's end was sad all because she had no surviving son. Thanks for sharing about the great queen Isabel.
Everytime she says CASTILE my eardrums bleed!!!
I agree. It would have been such a nice documentary if she had bothered to research how to pronounce the names.
Awesome video!
Catherine inherited her mother's military prowess as she was probably the real commander at Flodden Field. Henry was off fighting the French and the Scots looked to take advantage of the absence of most of the English army. Though greatly outnumbered, the English still routed the Scots, killing King James IV in the process.
Queen Marie De Guise did the same to England during the rough wooing.
Please pray for Isabel to become a Catholic saint someday, my country would have never been Christian if it weren't for her vision that Carlos V and Felipe II later continued here. I am dedicated to name my first of many children after her.
She was already a saint-- of the satanists :)
you should do a video on catherine of aragon and her daughter mary
Now THAT's what I call a history lesson ...