Periodic Table Part 2: Alkali Metals (Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr)
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 12 ต.ค. 2024
- It's time to check out Group 1 on the periodic table, the alkali metals. This includes lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, and francium. What can we say about their properties, reactivities, and applications? Let's find out!
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Rubidium being used in purple fireworks is a cool nugget of info. Thanks for that!
Agreed.similar in some ways a buddy of mine blows glass.after adding some scrap silver to Clear glass tubing .it quickly became vibrant purple (not sure how pure the silver was)
These videos are unbelievably educational and thrilling, thank you!
Professor Dave, at 8:43 you mention that cesium salts are used to float away rock chips in undersea oil drilling. I'm not sure what you mean by "float away." Can you explain that a bit further? I'm curious what property(ies) of cesium salts makes them better than other salts at "floating away" rock chips, since this doesn't sound like a chemical property advantage, but rather a morphological property advantage. Appreciate the instructional video!
i came to the comments for exactly this question
@@Whitedragon1250 Well then, I'm happy I could save you the time! ;-)
Well, I'm not personally familiar with that application but I know cesium chloride can form very dense solutions in water, which are actually useful to layer onto each other as the large density differences achieved help prevent mixing to allow the formation of cesium chloride gradients which you can then separate biomolecules to their appropriate densities in under centrifugation. I'd guess in the float away application it's to clear rock debris from the hole you're drilling because if you object a dense enough solution into the well at the bore tip it would fill your hole with the solution which could potentially be so dense relative to the rocks they float on it and are driven out of the hole by that buoyant force passively.
Petroleum exploration. Used for drilling holes. Cesium is used to make a high density drill-fluid/lube that makes the drill's rock chips almost float. Straight from wiki:
The largest present-day use of nonradioactive caesium is in caesium formate drilling fluids for the extractive oil industry. Aqueous solutions of caesium formate (HCOO−Cs+)-made by reacting caesium hydroxide with formic acid-were developed in the mid-1990s for use as oil well drilling and completion fluids. The function of a drilling fluid is to lubricate drill bits, to bring rock cuttings to the surface, and to maintain pressure on the formation during drilling of the well. Completion fluids assist the emplacement of control hardware after drilling but prior to production by maintaining the pressure.
The high density of the caesium formate brine (up to 2.3 g/cm3, or 19.2 pounds per gallon), coupled with the relatively benign nature of most caesium compounds, reduces the requirement for toxic high-density suspended solids in the drilling fluid-a significant technological, engineering and environmental advantage. Unlike the components of many other heavy liquids, caesium formate is relatively environment-friendly. Caesium formate brine can be blended with potassium and sodium formates to decrease the density of the fluids to that of water (1.0 g/cm3, or 8.3 pounds per gallon). Furthermore, it is biodegradable and may be recycled, which is important in view of its high cost (about $4,000 per barrel in 2001). Alkali formates are safe to handle and do not damage the producing formation or downhole metals as corrosive alternative, high-density brines (such as zinc bromide ZnBr2 solutions) sometimes do; they also require less cleanup and reduce disposal costs.
Hey Dave. I just wanted to say thank you so very much for the information you put out there. I am a HS dropout with a GED and didn't know what to do with my life. Covid hit and I really found myself reflecting on my past and how my future was going to turn out. Around this time, i found your channel. You have taught me Basic Biology, chemistry, zoology, Astronomy, and exposed me to con men who are frauds and shouldn't be trusted. You sparked my interest in evolution and human history and i am now pursuing an associates in the arts of history and I hope to carry this progress onto university. Your content has changed my life for the better and i couldn't be more thankful. You pulled me out of a RIght-wing conspiracy hell hole and i am more knowledgeable than ever thanks to you. I also just purchased your book and am absolutely enjoying every page i read. Thank you and keep all the good content up ! You help inspire others !
damn your pfp is actually hilarious, mixing imam ali and jesus is wild
Im glad you went into the unique properties of lithium
I hope you're having a good day Dave
@5:10 I agree the metals lower in the table react more aggressively, but the statement lithium reacts "slowly" (or "vigorously" for Na) gives an impression that seems inaccurate. You need only look at YT for vids of lithium (usually from Energizer cells) reacting explosively in water, and certainly, sodium does. Where I think the confusion is - is that when you only react a tiny fraction of a gram such as in teacher demos, lithium fizzes, sodium sputters and potassium catches fire and usually explodes with a pop at the end. Up the quantity a bit and they all explode.
More detail: I have a hypothesis on this, as was shown by Nurdrage and his paper on coulombic explosions, the alkali metal needs to first melt to become mobile, then shortly after changes to a spiked shape where surface area massively increases. The explosion is due to electron movement (ie charge) and so is called a coulombic explosion. Nurdrage also tested dripping NaK (room temp) where the explosion was basically immediate, and this is likely because it is already a liquid. Interestingly Li melts at about 200C, Na at about 100C and K at about 65C (rounded) so potassium will melt first AND react (explode) first. If you use a small enough chunk, it all disappears before any significant quantity heats up enough to melt. It is also accelerated by surrounding it with water, rather than just letting it sit on the surface.
Thanks you professor Dave am very happy about you because you teach the way I like and I listen to you around 11.23 am today.
You are the most genius person i have ever seen!!..!.!.
Thanks, Dave! Looking forward to this series!
Thanks for teaching
delightful video, thanks so much
God I'm glad you are back 😂. Not like you really went away. Just seems ages. And science denialists have been splitting my last feckn NERVE!
Based on the periodic trend of melting points, element 119 will probably be a liquid at room temperature if/when discovered.
a little correction, chile has the greatest reserves of lithim worldwide followed by australia
Thank you so much for those videos of periodic system professor Dave😊😊
Love it when you drop this shit straight 🔥
Very well made and informative.
Francium made me sad. It has no applications. :(
great work
I knew my lithium minerals were helping my depression!
I want a vdo on heavy metals..❤️🍂
Lots of love
What about lithium that can be found in clay, or all that lithium in the ocean?
You claim that lithium is rare, by stating only two more sources, but it's about half as common as aluminum in the Earth's crust.
(Although, lithium is much harder to get to than aluminum)
Waiting for group 2
Professor Dave you re crystal clear just like water on the rock of the riverbed ...
I learnt the 1st group like this:
*H* amari
*Li* *Na*
*K* i
*Rb* se
*Fr* yad
what does this mean
@@christiejones7621 You can say it's a way to remember group 1. To be specific it's a North Indian way that kid uses in 9th or 10th grades. In English, it translates to 'Our Lina's request to God'.
It's often useful to remember things in your native language instead of a language you didn't studied for too long.
But in India, Students are forced to learn English Language since they're 3 or 4 yrs old to their 12th grade.
@@TheKingBeyondEverything it made it super easy to learn
Yeah! But truly I hate the whole idea of cramming knowledge in Science. To be honest, Science should be more on what you understood than how much you can recall on a exam and forget it after the exam.
Yes, halite is the only rock that mammals like humans must eat to live.
It's very interesting that life needs rocks, and life produces rock, too. 😮
You got a sub! :)
Hi Dave,
Great job. I was wandering which program you use for making videos and how do you make great images for your videos?
adobe after effects!
In the periodic table elements are arranged according to their electronic configuration helium is placed in P block but its configuration matches with s block then why it is so...
Because it's a noble gas due to having a full valence shell, so it is placed about the other noble gases.
Thanks
may i know how to memorise the periodic table
Thank you Chemistry Jesus you saved me from failing in my test
Lithium is inside of us correct? So do we have some metals inside of us?
We have many metals inside of us.
Every single time I hear the word cation now, I think of the idjit on McToon's video that kept insisting on pronouncing it like "kay•shun!" 😉😄😄 Freaking hilarious!
why 12 unavailable videos are hidden?
they will be released approximately one per week
hooray, alkali metals!
I think you'll find that table salt is quite dispensable
Alkyl metal
please debunk terrain theory next
Are we made of atoms are we literally are made of atoms from a start that went supernova billions of years ago ?
Yep!
As shown at 4:36, how come Na is able to displace metals like K, Rb and Cs, which are supposed to be more reactive than Na?
おはようございます
I like your cut g
👍
Can't wait till we get to the Halogens
Gonna be real salty
Whole world:🇺🇦🇺🇦🇺🇦🇺🇦🇺🇦🇺🇦🇺🇦🇺🇦
No one:
Dave:
Today we learn the properties of Lithium and more!
If group 1 is referred to as the alkali metals and hydrogen is not a metal, then what is it doing in this group? Get is somewhere else? Stop putting with a group if it isn't an alkali metals line the others. 😮
Because it has the same electron arrangement it has one electron in the shell
Random comment for channel interaction.
2:44 - or from bananas. At least I wonder about such method of making potassium🍌🍌🍌🍌🍌🍌🍌🍌🍌
ابوس ايدكم ونعالكم بس صعدو تعليقي خل يشوفه الناس انا عملي كان خياطه بس هسه تركت لشغل ما جاي يكفيني وابني الصغير مريض ومحتاج اله علاج اتمنه تحفزوني بل قناه وفي ميزان حسناتكم إن شاء الله ،،،...👍ج
Plz go to doctor for your son.
what
There a option to translate.
After translation, it was written his son needs medical attention and he's a tailor.